CN108668957B - Construction method of ecological island reef type marine ranch - Google Patents
Construction method of ecological island reef type marine ranch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668957B CN108668957B CN201810257187.1A CN201810257187A CN108668957B CN 108668957 B CN108668957 B CN 108668957B CN 201810257187 A CN201810257187 A CN 201810257187A CN 108668957 B CN108668957 B CN 108668957B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001249555 Hexagrammos otakii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001582957 Sebastes schlegelii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an ecological island reef type marine ranch, which comprises the following steps: selecting a semi-closed bay facing the offshore island to be a marine ranch, wherein the depth of seawater is 10-20 meters; sinking a plurality of groups of fixed sticks outside the island shore base according to the preset scale of the marine ranch, wherein each fixed stick is connected with a boom rope, and the top end of the boom rope is tied to a floating body; fixing a polyethylene steel rope on an island shore base above the water surface, embedding a first anchor chain on an island frame, sinking a second anchor chain from a seabed hard sand substrate, connecting the polyethylene steel rope with the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain to form a net cage, and breeding fish in the net cage; constructing a seaweed cultivation buoyant raft outside the net cage; and sowing sea cucumbers at the bottom of the net cage. Compared with the prior art, the invention depends on the advantages of the island region, and can maintain the maximum economic output while not causing environmental pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery proliferation, in particular to a construction method of an ecological island reef type marine ranch.
Background
The marine ranch is based on the marine ecology principle and the modern marine engineering technology, is oriented to the harmony of environment and ecology, integrates environmental protection, resource maintenance, high-efficiency production and leisure fishery, and is an important way for solving the problems of offshore environment protection and fishery resource sustainable utilization in China. Compared with marine culture, the marine ranch focuses more on environmental protection and quality improvement, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, and the quality of cultured organisms is improved; compared with fishing, the marine ranch focuses on the maintenance and supplement of biological resources. Marine ranches are now seen as a new point of growth in the marine economy of the twenty-first century.
Marine ranches can be classified into bay type, beach type, island reef type and offshore deepwater type based on the construction area. At present, offshore deepwater type is mostly selected, and offshore island regions are rarely selected, because the fish reef type marine ranch has the following problems, the development of the fish reef type marine ranch is restricted:
the project site selection type is single, most projects are concentrated in open sea areas, and the environmental advantages are not fully utilized. The productivity of the island region is richer, the function of avoiding enemies and being provided for organisms is more prominent, but no marine ranch constructed around the island is available at present.
Secondly, the yield is pursued in a one-sided way, the breeder variety is single, and the suitable breeder variety is not selected according to the environmental biological conditions of the pasture sea area.
And thirdly, the ecological effect of the marine ranch is neglected, only the economic output of the ranch is emphasized, and the ecological restoration effect is neglected. How to more reasonably construct a marine ranch and design the composition of an ecological system of the marine ranch can achieve the aim of environmental remediation and maintain higher economic benefit, and is one of the technical difficulties to be solved by the project.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and discloses a construction method of an ecological island reef type marine ranch, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the construction method of the ecological island reef type marine ranch comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a semi-closed bay facing the offshore island to be a marine ranch, wherein the depth of seawater is 10-20 meters;
(2) according to the preset scale of the marine ranch, a plurality of groups of cement fixed weights sink outside the island shore base, wherein the weight of a single fixed weight is 300-fold, each group comprises two fixed weights, the distance between the fixed weight groups is 50-70 meters, the distance between the two fixed weights in the fixed weight groups is 10 meters, each fixed weight is connected with a polyethylene boom rope with the diameter of 3cm and the length equal to the seawater depth when the seawater is at tide, and the top end of the boom rope is tied to a floating body;
(3) selecting two relatively flat rock surfaces as fixed points on the island shore base above the water surface, drilling 4 fixing holes on the rock surfaces, fixing a steel plate on the rock surfaces through 4 chemical anchor bolts, fixing two ends of a polyethylene rope on a fixing ring arranged on the steel plate, and fixedly connecting the polyethylene rope with each boom rope and penetrating an EVA floater every 50 cm; two sections of first anchor chains are laid on the island frame corresponding to the lower part of the fixing ring, due to the self-sagging property of the anchor chains, the first anchor chains can be attached to rocks at the bottom of the island frame according to the shape of the island frame, then triangular conical cement precast blocks are sunk in sections to bury the first anchor chains, and gaps among the cement precast blocks are filled with fine stone bags and leveled until the bottom of the hard sand on the seabed is leveled; a second anchor chain is laid on the seabed hard sand substrate within the range enclosed by the polyethylene rope at the inner ring and the polyethylene rope at the outer ring, and two ends of the second anchor chain are respectively connected with the lower end of the first anchor chain; more than one layer of netting is connected between the polyethylene steel rope and the second anchor chain and between the polyethylene steel rope and the two sections of first anchor chains to form a net cage;
(4) fish are proliferated in the net cage;
(5) constructing a seaweed cultivation buoyant raft outside the net cage;
(6) and sowing sea cucumbers at the bottom of the net cage.
Further, a protective net is arranged on the outer side of the netting, and the protective net is fixedly connected with the polyethylene steel rope, the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain respectively.
Further, the surfaces of the polyethylene rope, the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain are coated with environment-friendly antifouling anticorrosive paint.
Further, the upper end of the first anchor chain is fixed on the rock at the bottom of the island frame through a chemical anchor bolt.
Further, the netting is provided with a longitudinal net line every 2 meters, and each 5 meters is provided with a transverse net line.
Further, the proliferated fish are sebastes schlegeli, hexagrammos otakii and a small amount of porphyry; the seaweed is kelp; the bait for the sea cucumber comprises residual bait and fish feces of fishes proliferated in the net cage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by depending on the advantages of the reef area, a pasture ecological system taking 'fish, shellfish, algae and sea cucumber' as a main body can be built, and the pressure of the substrate environment is relieved by the sea cucumber eating fish and shellfish residual bait and excrement; the algae absorbs the nutritive salt generated by the metabolism of the fishes, the shellfishes and the sea cucumbers to reduce the water quality pressure; meanwhile, the algae supplement part of bait for the sea cucumber, so that the material utilization rate is fully improved, the pasture has higher economic benefit, and the purpose of environmental remediation can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the location of a marine ranch of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the marine ranch of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2 at a small dashed box.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 2 at a large dashed box.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings: a construction method of an ecological island reef type marine ranch comprises the following steps:
selecting a semi-closed bay facing the offshore island to be a marine ranch 2, wherein the depth of seawater is 10-20 meters; according to the preset scale of a marine ranch, a plurality of groups of cement fixed weights 3 sink outside the island shore base, wherein the weight of a single fixed weight is 300-500Kg, each group comprises two fixed weights, the group interval L of the fixed weights is 50-70 meters, the distance M between the two fixed weights in each group of fixed weights is 10 meters, each fixed weight is connected with a polyethylene rope 4 with the diameter of 3cm and the length equal to the seawater depth at the seawater tide, and the top end of the rope is tied with a float 5; selecting two relatively flat rock surfaces as fixed points on the island shore base above the water surface, drilling 4 fixing holes on the rock surfaces, fixing a steel plate on the rock surfaces through 4 chemical anchors, fixing two ends of a polyethylene rope 6 on a fixing ring 9 arranged on the steel plate, fixedly connecting the polyethylene rope 6 with each rope, and penetrating an EVA floater 8 every 50 cm; on the corresponding fixed ring 9; two sections of first anchor chains 10 are laid on the island frame corresponding to the lower part of the fixing ring 9, due to the self-sagging property of the anchor chains, the first anchor chains 10 are attached to rocks at the bottom of the island frame according to the shape of the island frame, then triangular conical cement precast blocks are sunk in sections to bury the first anchor chains 10, and gaps among the cement precast blocks are filled with fine stone bags and leveled until the bottom of seabed hard sand is leveled; a second anchor chain 7 is laid on the seabed hard sand substrate within the range enclosed by the polyethylene ropes at the inner ring and the polyethylene ropes at the outer ring, and two ends of the second anchor chain 7 are respectively connected with the lower end of the first anchor chain 10; two layers of netting are connected between the polyethylene steel rope 6 and the second anchor chain 7 and between the polyethylene steel rope 6 and the two sections of first anchor chains 10 to form a net cage. The cage is internally proliferated with schlegelites schlegeli, hexagrammos otakii and a small amount of porphyry, the porphyry is used for cleaning the cage, the kelp culture buoyant raft is constructed outside the cage to reduce waves, the sea cucumber is sowed at the bottom of the cage, and the residual bait and fish dung of the fish proliferated by the cage can be used as part of sea cucumber bait. And a protective net is arranged outside the net cage to prevent destructive marine organisms and marine foreign matters from damaging the netting of the net cage. The surfaces of the polyethylene rope, the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain are coated with environment-friendly antifouling anticorrosive paint to reduce the adhesion of marine organisms. The upper end of the first anchor chain 10 is fixed on the rock at the bottom of the island frame through a chemical anchor bolt. The netting is provided with a longitudinal net line every 2 meters, and each 5 meters is provided with a transverse net line.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method of an ecological island reef type marine ranch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a semi-closed bay facing the offshore island to be a marine ranch (2) with a seawater depth of 10-20 m;
(2) according to the scale of a preset marine ranch, a plurality of groups of cement fixed lumps (3) sink outside an island shore base, wherein the weight of a single fixed lump is 300-;
3) selecting two relatively flat rock surfaces as fixed points on the island shore base above the water surface, drilling 4 fixing holes on the rock surfaces, fixing a steel plate on the rock surfaces through 4 chemical anchors, fixing two ends of a polyethylene rope (6) on a fixing ring (9) arranged on the steel plate, fixedly connecting the polyethylene rope (6) with each boom rope and penetrating an EVA floater (8) every 50 cm; two sections of first anchor chains (10) are laid on the island frame corresponding to the lower part of the fixing ring (9), due to the self-sagging property of the anchor chains, the first anchor chains (10) are attached to rocks at the bottom of the island frame according to the shape of the island frame, then triangular conical cement precast blocks are sunk in a segmented mode to bury the first anchor chains (10), and fine stone bags are filled in gaps among the cement precast blocks and leveled until the hard sand bottom part of the seabed is reached; a second anchor chain (7) is laid on the seabed hard sand substrate within the range enclosed by the polyethylene ropes at the inner ring and the polyethylene ropes at the outer ring, and two ends of the second anchor chain (7) are respectively connected with the lower end of the first anchor chain (10); more than one layer of netting is connected between the polyethylene steel rope (6) and the second anchor chain (7) and between the polyethylene steel rope (6) and the two sections of first anchor chains (10) to form a net cage;
4) fish are proliferated in the net cage;
5) constructing a seaweed cultivation buoyant raft outside the net cage;
6) and sowing sea cucumbers at the bottom of the net cage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and a protective net is arranged outside the netting and is fixedly connected with the polyethylene steel rope, the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain respectively.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the surfaces of the polyethylene rope, the polyethylene steel rope, the first anchor chain and the second anchor chain are coated with environment-friendly antifouling anticorrosive paint.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the upper end of the first anchor chain (10) is fixed on the rock at the bottom of the island frame through a chemical anchor bolt.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the netting is provided with a longitudinal net line every 2 meters and a transverse net line every 5 meters.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the proliferated fishes are sebastes schlegeli, hexagrammos otakii and a small amount of porphyry; the seaweed is kelp; the bait for the sea cucumber comprises residual bait and fish feces of fishes proliferated in the net cage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810257187.1A CN108668957B (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | Construction method of ecological island reef type marine ranch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810257187.1A CN108668957B (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | Construction method of ecological island reef type marine ranch |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108668957A CN108668957A (en) | 2018-10-19 |
| CN108668957B true CN108668957B (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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| CN201810257187.1A Active CN108668957B (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | Construction method of ecological island reef type marine ranch |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109452203B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-04-07 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | Sebastes schlegeli deepwater net cage large-specification offspring seed cultivation method |
| CN112154953B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-03-04 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Sink-increasing marine ranch |
| CN113749028B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Marine ranching culture system and culture method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100643777B1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-11-10 | 고경화 | The underwater crawl facility |
| CN102972318B (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-10-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Sea cucumber bottom-sowing culture facility suitable for soft seabed |
| CN106069925B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-05-03 | 青岛启航网箱工程技术有限公司 | Establishing method of aquafarm ball float type enclosure facility |
| CN107372263B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-09-10 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of nearly islands and reefs single point mooring system of deep water mesh cage |
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