CN111673280B - Double-beam parallel laser welding device and method for T-shaped joint lap welding - Google Patents
Double-beam parallel laser welding device and method for T-shaped joint lap welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111673280B CN111673280B CN202010582270.3A CN202010582270A CN111673280B CN 111673280 B CN111673280 B CN 111673280B CN 202010582270 A CN202010582270 A CN 202010582270A CN 111673280 B CN111673280 B CN 111673280B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
Abstract
A double-beam parallel laser welding device and method for T-shaped joint lap welding comprises two laser emitters arranged in tandem along a welding direction; the laser beam emitted by each laser emitter is divided into two parallel laser beams by the spectroscope, two laser spots of the two parallel laser beams in front melt the panel to form a keyhole, the energy of the two laser spots is insufficient to support the panel to melt the web, and the spots of the laser beams in rear melt the panel to form a rear keyhole on the web. The laser is divided into two parallel laser beams by the spectroscope, spots formed by the two laser beams on the panel have gaps, and a diffused keyhole is formed when the laser beams irradiate the panel, so that the opening size of the keyhole is increased, the stability of the keyhole is improved, and the generation of welding bubbles is reduced; meanwhile, the double parallel laser beams can increase the welding seam overlapping area of the T-shaped overlapping joint and improve the shearing strength of the T-shaped overlapping joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a double-beam parallel laser welding device and method for T-shaped joint lap welding.
Background
In recent years, T-shaped lap welding technology is applied to the fields of aerospace, navigation and the like. The laser welding has the advantages of high welding speed, small stress and deformation and the like, and is widely applied to the welding of the T-shaped lap joint. A T-shaped lap joint is formed by laser welding through the process that a panel and a web plate are selected to be lapped to form a T shape, then a laser heat source is acted on the panel to melt and completely melt panel materials in an action area, the web plate under the panel is partially melted, and the panel and the web plate are melted and combined together to be cooled and solidified to form the T-shaped lap joint.
A doctor thesis of Mewey doctor of Shanghai university of transportation, namely 'research on dynamic process and forming characteristic of laser welding of high-strength steel T-shaped lap joint', discusses that the main characteristic of a single-beam laser welding process of the T-shaped lap joint is that a web is melted at a gap to form a molten pool when the gap is small, and the molten metals of the web and a panel are combined together under the action of surface tension, so that the molten metal at the gap can be connected with an upper molten pool and a lower molten pool to form a complete keyhole, and the web and the panel are connected. However, the continuity of the molten pool is cut off along with the increase of the gap, the gap between the panel and the web causes the collapse of the front wall of the keyhole, plasma escapes from the collapsed position of the front wall of the keyhole, the steam pressure in the keyhole is weakened, the size of the opening of the keyhole is reduced, the vibration of the tip of the keyhole is aggravated, and a large number of bubbles are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-beam parallel laser welding device and a double-beam parallel laser welding method for T-shaped joint lap welding, aiming at solving the problems that the front wall of a keyhole collapses and the number of weld pores is increased due to the continuity of a gap cutting molten pool of a panel and a web plate when a T-shaped lap joint is welded by laser.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a double-beam parallel laser welding device for lap welding of a T-shaped joint is characterized in that the T-shaped joint is formed by lapping a vertical web plate and a panel horizontally arranged on the web plate, a gap is formed between the web plate and the panel, the double-beam parallel laser welding device comprises two laser transmitters, two spectroscopes and a shielding gas spray head, wherein the two laser transmitters are arranged in tandem along a welding direction;
the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned in front is divided into two parallel front laser beams by a spectroscope, the two laser spots formed on the panel by the two parallel front laser beams melt the panel to form a front keyhole, and the energy of the front laser beam is insufficient to support the front laser beam to melt the web;
the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned at the rear is divided into two parallel rear laser beams by the other spectroscope, and two laser spot points formed by the two parallel rear laser beams on the panel melt the panel through to form a rear keyhole on the web plate;
the front keyhole and the rear keyhole jointly form a molten pool, and the protective gas spray head communicated with a protective gas source sprays protective gas onto the molten pool.
As an optimized scheme of the double-beam parallel laser welding device, the distance between the front laser beam and the back laser beam is 0.5-2.0mm, the distance between laser spots formed by the two front laser beams is 0.05-0.3mm, and the distance between laser spots formed by the two back laser beams is 0.05-0.3 mm.
As another optimization scheme of the dual-beam parallel laser welding device, the energy ratio of the two front laser beams divided by the beam splitter is 1:1, and the energy ratio of the two rear laser beams is also 1: 1.
As another optimization scheme of the double-beam parallel laser welding device, the gap between the web plate and the panel is 0.2-0.8 mm.
The welding method of the double-beam parallel laser welding device for the T-shaped joint lap welding comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the web plate and the panel, then overlapping the panel on the web plate and reserving a gap, fixing two ends of the panel and the web plate by using laser spot welding to form a T-shaped connector prototype and fixing the T-shaped connector prototype by using a welding clamp;
2) the two laser transmitters are placed in tandem along the welding direction, and then the two spectroscopes are respectively placed on the laser paths of the two laser transmitters, so that the lasers emitted by the two laser transmitters are divided into a front laser beam and a rear laser beam which are parallel in a double-beam manner;
3) starting two laser transmitters so that two parallel front laser beams and two parallel rear laser beams form a molten pool on a panel;
4) and starting the protective gas spray head to spray protective gas to the molten pool so as to perform gas protection on the molten pool.
As an optimized scheme of the welding method, the power of the laser emitter positioned in front of the welding direction is 600-5000W, the power of the laser emitter positioned in rear is 800-10000W, and the welding speed is 0.5-10 m/min.
As another optimization scheme of the welding method, the distance between the front laser beam and the rear laser beam is 0.5-2.0mm, and the distance between the two front laser beams or the distance between the two rear laser beams is 0.05-0.3 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the laser is divided into two parallel laser beams by the spectroscope, spots formed by the two laser beams on the panel have gaps, and a diffused keyhole is formed when the laser beams irradiate the panel, so that the opening size of the keyhole is increased, the stability of the keyhole is improved, and the generation of welding bubbles is reduced; meanwhile, the double parallel laser beams can increase the welding seam overlapping area of the T-shaped overlapping joint and improve the shear strength of the T-shaped overlapping joint (the larger the welding seam overlapping area is, the larger the shear strength of the T-shaped overlapping joint is);
2) the invention adopts two parallel laser beams in front and back, the two parallel laser beams in front of the welding direction only melt the panel but not the web, and the two parallel laser beams in back of the welding direction melt the web simultaneously, thus the parallel laser beams in front can provide liquid metal for the laser beam keyhole in back (because the panel is melted), thus not only ensuring the continuity of a molten pool formed by the back laser beams, but also avoiding the collapse of the front wall of the keyhole, and further leading the steam pressure in the keyhole to escape from the keyhole opening direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a keyhole and a weld pool of a conventional single-beam laser welding T-shaped lap joint gap;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the keyhole and the weld pool of the double-beam parallel laser welding T-shaped lap joint gap of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a weld of a prior art single-beam laser weld T-lap gap;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a weld of a prior art single-beam laser welding T-shaped lap gap;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a weld of a dual beam parallel laser weld T-lap gap of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a weld of a dual beam parallel laser weld T-lap gap of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. front laser beam, 2 rear laser beam, 3 front keyhole, 4 rear keyhole, 5 molten pool, 6 protective gas nozzle, 7 panel, 8 web, 9 spectroscope.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, and the parts of the present invention that are not described in the following embodiments, such as the laser emitter, the spectroscope 9, the shielding gas nozzle 6, the shielding gas source, and the like, are all the prior art, and therefore, are not described in detail.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a double-beam parallel laser welding apparatus for T-joint lap welding, the T-joint being formed by lapping a vertical web 8 and a panel 7 horizontally arranged on the web 8 with a gap between the web 8 and the panel 7, comprises two laser emitters, two spectroscopes 9 and a shielding gas shower head 6, wherein the two laser emitters are arranged one behind the other in the welding direction;
the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned in front is divided into two parallel front laser beams 1 by a spectroscope 9, the two laser spots formed on the panel 7 by the two parallel front laser beams 1 melt the panel 7 to form a front keyhole 3, and the energy of the front laser beam 1 is not enough to support the front laser beam to melt the web 8;
the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned at the rear is divided into two parallel rear laser beams 2 by another spectroscope 9, two laser spot points formed on the panel 7 by the two parallel rear laser beams 2 melt the panel 7 through, and then a rear keyhole 4 is formed on the web plate 8;
the front keyhole 3 and the rear keyhole 4 together form a molten pool 5, and the protective gas nozzle 6 communicated with a protective gas source sprays protective gas onto the molten pool 5.
The welding method of the double-beam parallel laser welding device for the T-shaped joint lap welding comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the web plate 8 and the panel 7, removing impurities on the surfaces of the web plate and the panel 7, then overlapping the panel 7 on the web plate 8 and reserving a gap, and fixing two ends of the panel 7 and the web plate 8 by using laser spot welding to form a T-shaped joint prototype and fixing the T-shaped joint prototype by using a welding clamp;
2) two laser emitters are placed in tandem along the welding direction, and then two spectroscopes 9 are respectively placed on the laser paths of the two laser emitters, so that the laser emitted by the two laser emitters is divided into a front laser beam 1 and a rear laser beam 2 which are in parallel;
3) starting two laser emitters so that two parallel front laser beams 1 and rear laser beams 2 form a molten pool 5 on a panel 7;
4) the shielding gas injection head 6 is activated to inject shielding gas into the molten bath 5, thereby performing gas shielding.
In the present embodiment, the shielding gas is generally argon or helium.
In this embodiment, after the laser emitter and the shielding gas nozzle 6 are started, welding is performed according to a conventional laser welding method.
The above is the basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, optimizations and limitations can be made on the above, so as to obtain the following optimized examples:
example 2
In this embodiment, the placement positions of the two laser emitters and the spectroscope 9 in the dual-beam parallel laser welding device are defined, the placement positions of the two laser emitters can enable the distance between the front laser beam 1 and the rear laser beam 2 to be 0.5-2.0mm, the placement positions of the two spectroscopes 9 can enable the distance between the laser spots formed by the two front laser beams 1 to be 0.05-0.3mm, and the distance between the laser spots formed by the two rear laser beams 2 to be 0.05-0.3 mm.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the arrangement positions of two beam splitters 9 in the dual-beam parallel laser welding device are further defined, after the beam splitters 9 are arranged, the energy ratio of two front laser beams 1 into which the beam splitters 9 can be split is 1:1, and the energy ratio of two rear laser beams 2 into which the beam splitters 9 can be split is also 1: 1.
Example 4
The embodiment is the definition of the placing clearance between the web plate 8 and the panel 7 in the double-beam parallel laser welding device, and the clearance between the web plate 8 and the panel 7 is 0.2-0.8 mm.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the power of two laser emitters during welding of the dual-beam parallel laser welding device and the optimized limit of the welding speed under the power are defined, the power of the laser emitter positioned in front of the welding direction is 600-.
Compared with the prior art (T-shaped lap joint single-beam laser welding method), the invention has the advantages that under the same welding condition, the key hole and the molten pool cross-section schematic diagrams formed by the two in the welding process are respectively shown in figures 3 and 2, and the figure shows that the molten pool of the invention has better continuity and larger opening of the key hole, thereby improving the stability of the key hole, avoiding the collapse of the front wall of the key hole and facilitating the escape of the steam pressure in the key hole from the opening direction of the key hole;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic cross-sectional and longitudinal cross-sectional views of a prior art single beam laser weld T-lap gap weld;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic illustrations of a weld cross-section and a longitudinal section of a dual beam parallel laser weld T-lap gap of the present invention;
as can be seen from comparison between fig. 4 and fig. 6, the overlapping width of the weld joint of the present invention is significantly greater than that of the existing single-beam laser welding overlapping weld joint, which is beneficial to improving the shear strength of the T-shaped overlapping joint;
as can be seen from the comparison between the figure 5 and the figure 7, the number of the pores of the longitudinal section of the welding seam of the invention is obviously lower than that of the longitudinal section of the lap welding seam of the existing single-beam laser welding because the melting of the panel in front of the laser beam for melting the panel and the web can provide liquid metal for the front of the keyhole wall of the laser beam for melting the web and the panel in the welding direction, thereby ensuring the continuity of a molten pool formed by the laser beam for melting the panel and the web, avoiding the collapse of the front wall of the keyhole, leading the vapor pressure in the keyhole to escape from the keyhole opening direction and reducing the generation of welding pores.
And it can be found from the comparison of fig. 5 and fig. 7 that the bottom of the weld of fig. 5 appears a shape of height fluctuation, while the bottom of the weld of fig. 7 is relatively flat, because the T-shaped joint of the lap gap of the existing single-beam laser welding, the keyhole is unstable in the welding process, which results in the large absorption fluctuation of the keyhole wall surface to the laser energy, but the invention melts the panel in advance in front of the laser beam melting the web and the web, so that the liquid metal can be provided in front of the keyhole wall of the laser beam melting the web and the panel, which not only ensures the continuity of the molten pool formed by the laser beam melting the web and the panel and the stability of the keyhole, but also can improve the stability of the keyhole because two laser beams separated by the spectroscope form a large keyhole together.
Claims (7)
1. A double-beam parallel laser welding device for T-joint lap welding, wherein the T-joint is formed by overlapping a vertical web (8) and a panel (7) horizontally arranged on the web (8), and a gap is reserved between the web (8) and the panel (7), and the device is characterized in that: the double-beam parallel laser welding device comprises two laser transmitters, two spectroscopes (9) and a protective gas spray head (6), wherein the two laser transmitters are arranged in tandem along the welding direction;
the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter positioned in front is divided into two parallel front laser beams (1) by a spectroscope (9), the two laser spots formed on the panel (7) by the two parallel front laser beams (1) melt the panel (7) to form a front keyhole (3), and the energy of the front laser beam (1) is not enough to support the front laser beam to melt the web (8);
a laser beam emitted by a laser emitter positioned at the rear is divided into two parallel rear laser beams (2) by another spectroscope (9), the two laser spot points formed by the two parallel rear laser beams (2) on the panel (7) melt the panel (7) through, and then a rear key hole (4) is formed on the web (8);
the front key hole (3) and the rear key hole (4) together form a molten pool (5), and the protective gas nozzle (6) communicated with a protective gas source sprays protective gas onto the molten pool (5).
2. The double-beam parallel laser welding device for T-joint lap welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the front laser beam (1) and the rear laser beam (2) is 0.5-2.0mm, the distance between laser spots formed by the two front laser beams (1) is 0.05-0.3mm, and the distance between laser spots formed by the two rear laser beams (2) is 0.05-0.3 mm.
3. The double-beam parallel laser welding device for T-joint lap welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy ratio of the two front laser beams (1) divided by the spectroscope (9) is 1:1, and the energy ratio of the two rear laser beams (2) is 1: 1.
4. The double-beam parallel laser welding device for T-joint lap welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clearance between the web plate (8) and the panel (7) is 0.2-0.8 mm.
5. The welding method of the double-beam parallel laser welding apparatus for T-joint lap welding according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the web plate (8) and the panel (7), then overlapping the panel (7) on the web plate (8) and reserving a gap, and fixing two ends of the panel (7) and the web plate (8) by using laser spot welding to form a T-shaped joint prototype and fixing the T-shaped joint prototype by using a welding clamp;
2) the method comprises the following steps that two laser transmitters are placed in tandem along a welding direction, and then two spectroscopes (9) are respectively placed on laser paths of the two laser transmitters, so that the lasers emitted by the two laser transmitters are divided into a front laser beam (1) and a rear laser beam (2) which are in parallel;
3) starting two laser emitters so that two parallel front laser beams (1) and rear laser beams (2) form a molten pool (5) on a panel (7);
4) and starting a protective gas spray head (6) to spray protective gas to the molten pool (5) so as to carry out gas protection on the molten pool.
6. The welding method of the double-beam parallel laser welding apparatus for T-joint lap welding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the power of the laser transmitter positioned in the front of the welding direction is 600-5000W, the power of the laser transmitter positioned in the rear is 800-10000W, and the welding speed is 0.5-10 m/min.
7. The welding method of the double-beam parallel laser welding apparatus for T-joint lap welding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the distance between the front laser beam (1) and the rear laser beam (2) is 0.5-2.0mm, and the distance between the two front laser beams (1) or the distance between the two rear laser beams (2) is 0.05-0.3 mm.
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| US8253061B2 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-08-28 | General Electric Company | Hybrid laser arc welding process and apparatus |
| CN103056523A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-24 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Multi-beam laser welding method |
| US11110547B2 (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2021-09-07 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Laser welding method |
| CN103862178B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of method eliminating Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys pore |
| CA3003221A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Autotech Engineering A.I.E. | Methods for joining two blanks and blanks and products obtained |
| CN106513892A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | Double-beam laser deep penetration brazing method applicable to moderately thick plate aluminum/steel dissimilar alloy connection |
| CN109048090A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-21 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of unequal thickness plate double light beam laser butt welding method |
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