CN111085781A - Method for laser welding thick plate with assistance of gas column - Google Patents
Method for laser welding thick plate with assistance of gas column Download PDFInfo
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- CN111085781A CN111085781A CN201911387485.3A CN201911387485A CN111085781A CN 111085781 A CN111085781 A CN 111085781A CN 201911387485 A CN201911387485 A CN 201911387485A CN 111085781 A CN111085781 A CN 111085781A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for laser welding a thick plate by gas column assistance, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece which need to be in butt joint welding; step 2, accurately butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece up and down; step 3, providing a laser welding system; step 4, providing an air column system, wherein the air column system is provided with a first air spray gun, a second air spray gun, a first valve, a second valve and an air heater; a step of; 5. starting a laser self-fluxing welding system, wherein a laser beam formed by focusing of a laser welding head vertically irradiates the upper surface of a workpiece, and the sizes of laser beam focusing spots are evenly distributed on a first workpiece and a second workpiece; and 6, starting the gas column system, and synchronously moving the gas spray gun and the laser beam to finish the welding process. Compared with the prior art, the invention has good welding effect and simple process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a method for laser welding a thick plate by gas column assistance.
Background
Laser welding is a high-energy-density welding method using laser as an energy carrier, and is one of important aspects of laser processing technology application, the laser technology is applied to welding, the development of the welding technology is greatly promoted, and the laser welding has the advantages of high welding speed, large depth, small deformation, capability of welding at room temperature or under special conditions, simple welding equipment and devices, and the like, and is widely applied in the industrial field.
Laser welding is divided into two modes: laser heat conduction welding and laser deep fusion welding. Laser heat conduction welding is similar to tungsten argon arc welding, and welding efficiency is low. The laser deep melting welding adopts high energy density (more than 10)6W/cm2) Laser beams irradiate the surface of the material, the material is rapidly melted and vaporized, even plasma is formed, the huge vaporization pressure of the material enables the melted liquid surface in the material to be sunken downwards to form a keyhole, the keyhole is also called as a small hole, almost all laser energy entering the small hole is absorbed, and violent vaporization is generated on the side wall and the bottom of the small hole. And (3) continuously irradiating the laser, continuously maintaining the small hole, and after the laser stops irradiating, refluxing the molten liquid around the small hole, cooling and solidifying to form a welding line.
With the recent commercial application of high-power and high-brightness lasers, it has become possible to weld thick plates in a single pass using a laser. The laser deep melting welding is similar to electron beam welding, a small hole effect exists, a welding small hole is continuously pushed along the welding direction, molten metal at the front edge of the small hole forms lateral metal flows flowing towards two sides and a ring small hole under the recoil pressure of metal steam, the two lateral metal flows are converged behind the small hole, the molten metal flows along the opposite direction of welding, the length of a welding pool behind the small hole is continuously increased along with the progress of the welding process, and the longest welding pool can reach dozens of millimeters. Along with the continuous reduction of the surface temperature of the welding molten pool behind the small hole, the surface tension is increased, the flow of the molten metal accumulated in the welding molten pool behind the small hole along the welding direction is blocked, and thus, the molten metal is cooled on the surface of the welding seam to form a hump.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for gas column-assisted laser welding of a thick plate, aiming at the problem that welding defects such as surface humps are easy to occur in the forming process of a laser self-fluxing welding thick plate, and the method has good welding effect and simple process.
The invention provides a method for laser welding a thick plate by gas column assistance, which comprises the following steps:
And 2, accurately butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece.
And 3, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system comprises a laser generator, a transmission optical fiber, a manipulator, a laser welding head and a shielding gas nozzle, the laser welding head is connected with the laser generator through the transmission optical fiber and is arranged on the welding manipulator, and the laser welding head and the shielding gas nozzle can move relative to the workpiece.
And 4, providing a gas column system, wherein the gas column system comprises a first gas spray gun, a second gas spray gun, an air heater, a first valve and a second valve, the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are connected to the laser welding head through a fixing support, the air heater is connected to the outer circumference of the second gas spray gun through threads, the first valve and the second valve are arranged at an air inlet of the gas spray gun, and the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun can move relative to the workpiece.
And 5, starting the laser welding system, wherein the laser beam vertically irradiates the upper surface of the workpiece, and the sizes of the focused spots of the laser beam are evenly distributed on the first workpiece and the second workpiece.
And 6, starting a gas column system, spraying inert gas onto the surface of the welding molten pool through a special spray gun, and synchronously moving the gas spray gun and the laser beam to finish the welding process.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the workpiece thickness t >12 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 3, in the laser welding system, the laser power of the laser beam formed by focusing the laser welding head is greater than 10kW, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.8 m/min.
In one embodiment, in step 4, the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are connected to the laser welding head through a fixing bracket, and the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are arranged in series along the welding direction.
In one embodiment, step 4, the distance d between the axis of the first gas spray gun and the center line of the laser beam focused by the laser welding head in the gas column system1Is 3-6 mm, and the distance d between the axis of the second gas spray gun and the axis of the first gas spray gun25-7 mm.
In one embodiment, the vertical distance h from the nozzle of the first gas spray gun and the nozzle of the second gas spray gun to the surface of the workpiece1All are 2-5 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 4, the gas injected by the first gas injection gun and the second gas injection gun in the gas column system is an inert gas, such as argon.
In one embodiment, in step 4, in the gas column system, the inert gas sprayed by the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun is sprayed to the welding molten pool perpendicular to the upper surface of the workpiece.
In one embodiment, in step 4, in the gas column system, the first valve and the second valve control the flow rate of the gas, and the flow rates sprayed by the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are respectively 10-15L/min and 5-8L/min.
In one embodiment, step 4, an air heater is used to heat the inert gas injected by the second gas lance.
In one embodiment, in step 4, the outlet diameters D of the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are both 0.8-1.2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the invention, inert gas sprayed by a gas column system acts on a welding pool to cause the welding pool to generate expected deformation, the surface tension of the welding pool is changed in size and distribution, according to the Marangoni effect, the backward flow of molten metal along the rear edge of a small hole is changed into the flow along the welding depth direction, the welding pool of the rear edge of the small hole is shortened and deepened, and further, the generation of a hump on the surface of a welding line and a nail head welding line is effectively avoided.
2) In the invention, the heated inert gas is adopted to act on the welding pool, so that the protection and heat preservation effects are realized on the surface of the welding pool, the surface of the welding pool can be prevented from being solidified prematurely, the surface tension is reduced, the welding pool is reflowed and spread, and the formation of a hump on the surface of a welding line is further avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the equipment and working layout involved in a method for gas column assisted laser welding of thick plates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a weld zone in the method of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a laser weld pool as a surface hump is formed.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a single gas lance.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a single air heater.
Wherein: 1-first workpiece, 2-second workpiece, 3-laser generator, 4-transmission optical fiber, 5-mechanical arm, 6-laser welding head, 7-fixed support, 8-protective gas nozzle, 9-laser beam, 10-first gas spray gun, 11-first valve, 12-second valve, 13-second gas spray gun, 14-air heater, 15-small hole, 16-first gas column small hole, 17-second gas column small hole, 18-welding molten pool, 19-solidified welding seam and 20-welding molten pool flowing direction.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for gas column assisted laser welding of a slab, comprising the following steps.
Optionally, the workpiece thickness t >12 mm.
And 2, accurately butting and clamping the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2.
And 3, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system comprises a laser generator 3, a transmission optical fiber 4, a manipulator 5 and a laser welding head 6 which is connected with the laser generator 3 through the transmission optical fiber 4 and is arranged on the welding manipulator 5, and the protective gas nozzle 8 and the laser welding head 6 can move relative to the workpiece.
Optionally, the laser power of a laser beam 9 formed by focusing of the laser welding head 6 is 10kW, the welding speed is 0.5-0.8 m/min, and the laser power density is 105～106W/cm2。
And 4, providing a gas column system, wherein the gas column system comprises a first gas spray gun 10, a second gas spray gun 13, an air heater 14, a first valve 11 and a second valve 12, the first gas spray gun 10 and the second gas spray gun 13 are connected to the laser welding head 6 through a fixing support 7, the air heater 14 is connected to the outer circumference of the second gas spray gun 13 through threads, the first valve 11 and the second valve 12 are respectively installed at air inlets of the first gas spray gun 13 and the second gas spray gun 10, and the first gas spray gun 10 and the second gas spray gun 13 can move relative to the workpiece.
Optionally, the first gas torch 10 and the second gas torch 13 are connected to the laser welding head 6 through the fixing bracket 7, and the first gas torch 10 and the second gas torch 13 are arranged in series along the welding direction.
Optionally, in the gas column system, a distance d1 between the axis of the first gas spray gun 10 and the center line of the laser beam 9 focused by the laser welding head 6 is 3-6 mm, and a distance d2 between the axis of the second gas spray gun 13 and the axis of the first gas spray gun 10 is 5-7 mm.
Optionally, the perpendicular distance h from the nozzle of the first gas lance 10 and the second gas lance 13 to the surface of the workpiece1All are 2-5 mm.
Optionally, in the gas column system, the gas injected by the first gas injection lance 10 and the second gas injection lance 13 is an inert gas, such as argon.
Optionally, in the gas column system, the inert gas injected from the first gas lance 10 and the second gas lance 13 is directed vertically toward the upper surface of the weld pool 18.
Optionally, in the gas column system, the first valve 11 and the second valve 12 control the amount of gas flow, and the gas flow ejected by the first gas spray gun 10 and the second gas spray gun 13 is 10 to 15L/min and 5 to 8L/min respectively.
Alternatively, the air heater 14 is mainly used to heat the inert gas injected from the second gas injection lance 13.
Optionally, the diameters D of the outlets of the first gas spray gun 10 and the second gas spray gun 13 are both 0.8-1.2 mm.
And 5, starting the laser welding system, enabling the laser beam 9 to vertically radiate the upper surface of the workpiece, and enabling the size of a focused spot of the laser beam 9 to be evenly distributed on the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2.
And 6, starting a gas column system, spraying inert gas onto the surface of the welding molten pool 18 through a special spray gun, and synchronously moving the gas spray gun and the laser beam 9 to finish the welding process.
In the invention, inert gas sprayed by a gas column system acts on the welding pool 18 to cause the welding pool 18 to generate expected deformation, the surface tension size and distribution of the welding pool 18 are changed, the backward flowing of the molten metal behind the small hole 15 is changed into the flowing in the welding depth direction according to the Marangoni effect, the welding pool 18 behind the small hole 15 is shortened and deepened, and further, the generation of a weld joint of a weld surface hump and a nail head is effectively avoided.
In the invention, the heated inert gas is adopted to act on the welding molten pool 18, so that the surface of the welding molten pool 18 is protected and insulated, the surface of the welding molten pool 18 can be prevented from being solidified prematurely, the surface tension is reduced, the welding molten pool 18 is reflowed and spread, and the formation of a hump on the surface of a welding seam is further avoided.
Claims (7)
1. The invention provides a method for laser welding a thick plate by gas column assistance, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece to be welded, wherein the first workpiece and the second workpiece are both stainless steel plates;
step 2, accurately butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece;
step 3, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system comprises a laser generator, a transmission optical fiber, a manipulator, a laser welding head and a shielding gas nozzle, the laser welding head is connected with the laser generator through the transmission optical fiber and is arranged on the welding manipulator, and the laser welding head and the shielding gas nozzle can move relative to the workpiece;
step 4, providing a gas column system, wherein the gas column system comprises a first gas spray gun, a second gas spray gun, an air heater, a first valve and a second valve, the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are connected to the laser welding head through a fixed support, the air heater is connected to the outer circumference of the second gas spray gun through threads, the first valve and the second valve are arranged at an air inlet of the gas spray gun, and the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun can move relative to a workpiece;
step 5, starting a laser welding system, wherein a laser beam vertically irradiates the upper surface of the workpiece, and the sizes of focused light spots of the laser beam are evenly distributed on the first workpiece and the second workpiece;
and 6, starting a gas column system, spraying inert gas onto the surface of the welding molten pool through a special spray gun, and synchronously moving the gas spray gun and the laser beam to finish the welding process.
2. The gas column assisted laser welding of slabs according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is coupled with: in the step 3, in the laser welding system, the laser power of a laser beam formed by focusing of a laser welding head is 10kW, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.8 m/min.
3. The gas column assisted laser welding of slabs of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are connected to the laser welding head through the fixing support in the step 4, and the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are arranged in series along the welding direction.
4. The gas column assisted laser welding of slabs according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is coupled with: in step 4, the distance d between the axis of the first gas spray gun and the axis of the laser beam formed by the focusing of the laser welding head23-6 mm, the distance d between the nozzle of the second gas spray gun and the nozzle of the first gas spray gun25-7 mm.
5. Gas column assisted laser welding of slabs according to claim 4A method, characterized by: in step 4, the vertical distance h between the nozzles of the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun and the surface of the workpiece1All are 2-5 mm.
6. The gas column assisted laser welding of slabs of claim 4, characterized by the combination of: in step 4, the air heater is used to heat the inert gas injected by the second gas injection lance.
7. The gas column assisted laser welding of slabs according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that it is coupled with: in the step 4, the diameters D of the outlets of the first gas spray gun and the second gas spray gun are both 0.8-1.2 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911387485.3A CN111085781A (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-03-10 | Method for laser welding thick plate with assistance of gas column |
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| CN201911387485.3A CN111085781A (en) | 2020-03-10 | 2020-03-10 | Method for laser welding thick plate with assistance of gas column |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453702A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉力神动力电池系统科技有限公司 | Penetrating laser welding process method |
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| JPS58168490A (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Welding method with high output density |
| JPH06210479A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-08-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Laser welding method for sheet metal |
| JP2011092969A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Panasonic Corp | Optical thermal joining device |
| CN104625403A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 湖南大学 | Method for restraining myriawatt-class laser welding thick plate upper surface defects |
| CN106425090A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-02-22 | 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 | Laser welding gas protective device used for aluminum alloy parts |
| CN110076429A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-02 | 贵州民族大学 | A kind of MIG welder |
-
2020
- 2020-03-10 CN CN201911387485.3A patent/CN111085781A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58168490A (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Welding method with high output density |
| JPH06210479A (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-08-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Laser welding method for sheet metal |
| JP2011092969A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Panasonic Corp | Optical thermal joining device |
| CN104625403A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 湖南大学 | Method for restraining myriawatt-class laser welding thick plate upper surface defects |
| CN106425090A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-02-22 | 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 | Laser welding gas protective device used for aluminum alloy parts |
| CN110076429A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-02 | 贵州民族大学 | A kind of MIG welder |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 董昌文等: "附加补偿气体射流冲击熔池方法对不锈钢脉冲MIG 高速焊的影响", 《华南理工大学学报》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453702A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉力神动力电池系统科技有限公司 | Penetrating laser welding process method |
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Application publication date: 20200501 |