CN111673099B - Dovetail groove cutting tool and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides a cutting tool and a method for a dovetail groove, and belongs to the field of machining. The cutter comprises a mounting seat and a first cutter head, the mounting seat is mounted on the tool apron, a connecting portion used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool is arranged on the tool apron, a first mounting groove is formed in the mounting seat, the first tool bit comprises a first tool handle and a first tool body, the surface of the first tool handle comprises a first positioning surface, the second tool bit comprises a second tool handle and a second tool body, the surface of the second tool handle comprises a second positioning surface, the cross sections of the first tool body and the second tool body are rectangular, the widths of the first tool body and the second tool body are smaller than the width of an inlet of a dovetail groove to be machined, the surface of the first tool body comprises a first cutting edge and a first cutter face, the first cutting edge is located on the end face of the first tool body, the included angle between the first cutter face and the first cutting edge is beta, the included angle between the first cutter face and the first positioning surface is beta-alpha, and the surface of the second tool bit comprises a second cutting edge and a second cutter face.

Description

Dovetail groove cutting tool and method

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the field of machining, in particular to a cutting tool and a method for a dovetail groove.

Background

When the mixed flow pump for the ship is hung on a bulkhead, seawater outside the bulkhead can be isolated at the installation position of the mixed flow pump through a sealing device. According to the use characteristics of the mixed flow pump, the sealing device is designed with at least two stages of sealing. The primary seal is oil pressure seal, normally (the mixed flow pump is not started) is in a sealing state, and when the mixed flow pump works, the primary seal is in a non-sealing normal state; the secondary seal is a mechanical seal and is in a sealed state at any time. The primary seal comprises a slide valve, a taper sleeve and an O-shaped sealing ring. At ordinary times, the inner conical surface of the slide valve is sealed by pressing a sealing ring arranged on the outer conical surface of the taper sleeve through oil pressure; when the mixed flow pump works, the reverse oil pressure enables the slide valve to be separated from the taper sleeve, and seawater can enter a cavity between the primary seal and the secondary seal from a gap formed by the slide valve and the taper sleeve. In order to avoid the separation or looseness of the sealing ring caused by the movement of the slide valve and ensure the safety and reliability of primary sealing, the inner wall of the slide valve and the outer wall of the taper sleeve are designed into conical surfaces, and a groove (hereinafter referred to as a sealing groove) for installing the sealing ring on the outer wall of the taper sleeve is designed into a dovetail type (the cross section of the groove is in a dovetail shape).

The sealing grooves are usually rectangular grooves and are designed on the inner cylindrical surface, the outer surface or the end surface of the part, and the sealing grooves on the cylindrical surface or the end surface can be machined by adopting standard tool turning. However, it is difficult to machine a dovetail groove by a rectangular groove machining method.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a cutting tool and a method for a dovetail groove, which can conveniently process the dovetail groove. The technical scheme is as follows:

on the one hand, the dovetail groove cutting tool is provided, which comprises a mounting seat, a first tool bit, a second tool bit and a tool apron,

the mounting seat is arranged on the tool apron, the tool apron is provided with a connecting part used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool, the mounting seat is provided with a first mounting groove,

the first cutter head comprises a first cutter handle and a first cutter body, the surface of the first cutter handle comprises a first positioning surface, the first cutter body is fixed on the first cutter handle, the first positioning surface and the first cutter body are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the first cutter handle,

the second tool bit comprises a second tool handle and a second tool body, the surface of the second tool handle comprises a second positioning surface, the second tool body is fixed on the second tool handle, the second positioning surface and the second tool body are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the second tool handle,

the first handle or the second handle is detachably connected with the first mounting groove,

the cross sections of the first cutter body and the second cutter body are rectangular, the widths of the first cutter body and the second cutter body are smaller than the width B of an inlet of a dovetail groove to be machined,

the surface of the first cutter body comprises a first cutting edge and a first cutter yielding surface, the first cutting edge is positioned on the end surface of the first cutter body, the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface and the first cutting edge is beta, the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface and the first positioning surface is beta-alpha,

the surface of the second knife body of the second knife head comprises a second cutting edge and a second cutter-letting surface, the second cutting edge is positioned on the end surface of the second knife body, the included angle between the second cutter-letting surface and the second cutting edge is beta, the included angle between the second cutter-letting surface and the second positioning surface is beta + alpha,

beta is an included angle between the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed and the second side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed and the bottom surface respectively, alpha is an included angle between the bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be processed and the center line of the workpiece to which the bottom surface belongs, the first cutter face corresponds to the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed, and the second cutter face corresponds to the second side wall of the dovetail groove.

Optionally, a third cutting edge is arranged between the first cutting edge and the first cutter relieving surface, the third cutting edge is protruded on the first cutter relieving surface,

the second cutting edge with be equipped with the fourth cutting edge between the second lets the knife face, the fourth cutting edge protrusion is in the second lets on the knife face.

Optionally, the third cutting edge with the fourth cutting edge is the arc surface, first cutting edge with the third cutting edge is tangent, the second cutting edge with the fourth cutting edge is tangent, the radius of arc surface is R, R does wait to process the radius of the first circular arc section and the second circular arc section of dovetail, first circular arc section is located first lateral wall with between the bottom surface, the second circular arc section is located the second lateral wall with between the bottom surface.

Optionally, the first tool holder and the second tool holder are respectively matched with the first mounting groove,

the surface of the first knife body also comprises a first front knife surface, the first front knife surface and the first cutter relieving surface are two adjacent side surfaces of the first knife body respectively,

the surface of second blade still includes the second rake face, the second rake face with the second back-off surface does respectively the two adjacent sides of second blade.

Optionally, an included angle between the first rake face and the first cutter back-off face and an included angle between the second rake face and the second cutter back-off face are both 75 ° to 82 °.

Optionally, the length of the first blade body and the length of the second blade body are 1.6-2 times of the depth of the dovetail groove to be machined.

Optionally, the mounting seat is a rectangular body, the mounting seat is inserted into the cutter holder, the first mounting groove is formed in the first end of the mounting seat, the second end of the mounting seat is provided with a second mounting groove, the first cutter handle is detachably connected with the first mounting groove, and the second cutter handle is detachably connected with the second mounting groove.

Optionally, a mounting hole is formed in the tool apron, and the mounting seat is located in the mounting hole.

Optionally, the surface of the first handle further includes a third positioning surface, the third positioning surface is perpendicular to the first positioning surface, the third positioning surface is located between the first positioning surface and the first handle body, the first cutting edge is provided with an edge, and a distance from the edge to the third positioning surface is the same as a depth of the first mounting groove.

In another aspect, a cutting method of a dovetail groove is provided, the cutting method is implemented by using the cutting tool, and the cutting method includes:

providing two of said cutting tools;

mounting the two cutting tools on tool rests of a machine tool respectively, wherein a first tool bit facing a workpiece is mounted in a first mounting groove of one of the cutting tools, and a second tool bit facing the workpiece is mounted in a first mounting groove of the other cutting tool;

and starting the machine tool, machining a first side wall and a part of bottom surface close to the first side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the first tool bit, and machining a second side wall and another part of bottom surface close to the second side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the second tool bit.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

the cutting tool comprises a tool apron, a mounting seat, a first tool bit and a second tool bit, wherein the tool apron is provided with a connecting part used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool, the mounting seat is mounted on the tool apron, and the mounting seat is provided with a first mounting groove; mounting the cutting tool on a tool rest of a machine tool by adopting a connecting part on the tool apron, wherein the first tool bit or the second tool bit is mounted in a first mounting groove of a mounting seat; starting the machine tool, wherein the first tool bit comprises a first tool handle and a first tool body, the surface of the first tool handle comprises a first positioning surface, the second tool bit comprises a second tool handle and a second tool body, the surface of the second tool handle comprises a second positioning surface, the cross sections of the first tool body and the second tool body are rectangular, the widths of the first tool body and the second tool body are both smaller than the inlet width B of a dovetail groove to be processed, the surface of the first tool body comprises a first cutting edge and a first cutter yielding surface, the first cutting edge 25 is positioned on the end surface of the first tool body, the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface and the first cutting edge is beta, the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface and the first positioning surface 21 is beta-alpha, the surface of the second tool body comprises a second cutting edge and a second cutter yielding surface, and the second cutting edge is positioned on the end surface of the second tool body, an included angle between the second cutter face and the second cutting edge is beta, an included angle between the second cutter face and the second positioning surface is beta + alpha, beta is an included angle between a first side wall and a bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be machined and an included angle between a second side wall and a bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be machined, alpha is an included angle between the bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be machined and a center line of a workpiece to which the second cutter face belongs, the first cutter face corresponds to the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be machined, the second cutter face corresponds to the second side wall of the dovetail groove, and then when the first cutter head is installed in the first installation groove, the first side wall and a part of the bottom surface, adjacent to the first side wall, of the dovetail groove are machined on the workpiece through the first cutter head; when the second tool bit is arranged in the first mounting groove, the second side wall and the bottom surface of the other part adjacent to the second side wall of the dovetail groove are machined on the workpiece through the second tool bit, and meanwhile, the bottom surface of the dovetail groove is a conical surface, so that the cutting machining of the dovetail groove on the conical surface is completed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drogue provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view at C of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic structural views of a dovetail groove cutting tool provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic views of a first tool tip provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic views of a second tool tip provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a tool holder provided in an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for cutting a dovetail groove according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the drawings, the reference numbers of the various parts are as follows:

8 taper sleeves, 81 cylindrical surfaces, 82 external conical surfaces, 83 sealing grooves, 831 first side walls, 832 second side walls, 833 bottom surfaces, 84 central axes,

1 mounting seat, 11 first mounting groove, 12 second mounting groove,

2 a first tool bit, 201 a first tool shank, 202 a first tool body, 21 a first positioning surface, 22 a third positioning surface, 23 a first through hole, 24 a third cutting edge, 25 a first cutting edge, 251 an edge, 26 a first clearance surface, 27 a first rake surface, 28 a locking bolt, a first tool bit, a first tool shank, 202 a first tool body, 21 a first positioning surface, 22 a third positioning surface, 23 a first through hole, 24 a third cutting edge, 25 a first cutting edge, 251 an edge, 26 a first clearance surface, 27 a first clearance surface, 28 a locking bolt, a first tool shank, 28 a second clearance surface, 2 a second clearance surface, a third clearance surface, a fourth clearance,

3 a second tool bit, 301 a second tool shank, 302 a second tool body, 31 a second positioning surface, 32 a fourth positioning surface, 33 a second through hole, 34 a fourth cutting edge, 35 a second cutting edge, 36 a second clearance surface, 37 a second rake surface, 4 a tool holder, 41 a mounting hole, 411 a first reference surface, 412 a second reference surface, 42 a connecting part, 421 a first connecting surface, 422 a second connecting surface, 43 a compression bolt.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The terms related to the present embodiment are explained as follows.

The rake face refers to a face through which chips flow.

The main relief surface means a surface of the tool face opposite to the surface (transition surface) of the workpiece being machined.

The minor relief surface means a surface of the tool facing the machined surface of the workpiece.

The main cutting edge refers to the intersection line of the front cutter face and the main rear cutter face in space.

The auxiliary cutting edge refers to the intersection line of the front cutter face and the auxiliary rear cutter face in space.

Rake refers to the angle between the rake face and the base measured in orthogonal planes.

The primary relief angle (relief angle) refers to the angle of the primary relief surface with the cutting plane measured in the orthogonal plane.

Side relief refers to the angle of the side relief face to the cutting plane measured in the orthogonal plane.

The base surface is a plane passing through a given point on the main cutting edge and perpendicular to the cutting speed direction at that point.

The cutting plane refers to a plane passing through a given point on the main cutting edge, tangent to the main cutting edge and perpendicular to the base plane of the point.

An orthogonal plane refers to a plane passing through a given point on the main cutting edge and perpendicular to the base plane of that point and the cutting plane.

To facilitate understanding of the dovetail groove cutting tool provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, an application scenario and a structure of the dovetail groove will be described first.

The mixed flow pump can be hung on the bulkhead of the ship, and seawater outside the cabin is isolated by a sealing device at the installation position of the mixed flow pump. According to the use characteristics of the mixed flow pump, the sealing device can be designed with three-stage sealing. The primary seal is oil pressure seal, which is in seal state at ordinary times (when the mixed flow pump is not working), and the mixed flow pump is in non-seal normal state when working; the secondary seal is a mechanical seal and is in a sealing state at ordinary times, and the mixed flow pump is in a sealing state when working; the tertiary is emergent sealed, all is in non-sealing state at ordinary times and when mixed flow pump work, and when one-level sealed or second grade sealed became invalid, tertiary sealed just is in sealing state.

The primary seal comprises a slide valve, a taper sleeve and an O-shaped sealing ring. At ordinary times, the inner conical surface of the slide valve is sealed by pressing a sealing ring arranged on the outer conical surface of the taper sleeve through oil pressure; when the mixed flow pump works, the reverse oil pressure enables the slide valve to be separated from the taper sleeve, and seawater can enter a cavity between the primary seal and the secondary seal from a gap formed by the slide valve and the taper sleeve. In order to avoid the separation or looseness of the sealing ring caused by the movement of the slide valve and ensure the safety and reliability of primary sealing, the inner wall of the slide valve and the outer wall of the taper sleeve are designed into conical surfaces, and a groove (hereinafter referred to as a sealing groove) for installing the sealing ring on the outer wall of the taper sleeve is designed into a dovetail type, so that the separation of the sealing ring is avoided.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a taper sleeve provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 1, the taper sleeve 1 is a solid of revolution and includes a cylindrical surface 81, an outer conical surface 82, and a seal groove 83. The angle between the external conical surface 82 and the central axis 84 of the taper sleeve 1 is alpha.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view at C in fig. 1. Referring to fig. 2, the sealing groove 83 is disposed on the outer conical surface 82 and includes three portions, namely, a first sidewall 831, a second sidewall 832 and a bottom surface 833. The included angle between the inner conical surface 833 of the seal groove 83 and the central axis 84 of the taper sleeve 1 is the same as the included angle between the outer conical surface 82 and the central axis 84 of the taper sleeve, and both are alpha; the included angles β between the first side wall 831 and the second side wall 832 of the sealing groove 83 and the bottom surface 833 are the same, a first arc segment (arc angle) is arranged between the left inclined surface 831 and the conical surface 833, a second arc segment is arranged between the right inclined surface 832 and the conical surface 833, and the radius R of the first arc segment and the second arc segment can be 0.5 mm. The sealing groove 83 has an inlet width of B and a depth of H, B may be 4.6mm, and H may be 5 mm.

As can be seen from fig. 2, the cross section of the seal groove 83 is dovetail-shaped, and the dovetail-shaped cross section of the groove is collectively referred to as a dovetail groove in the present embodiment. It should be noted that the sealing groove 83 is merely an exemplary description of a dovetail groove, and the bottom surface of the dovetail groove is a conical surface.

Usually, the cross section of the sealing groove is rectangular and is designed on the inner cylindrical surface, the outer surface or the end surface of the part, the sealing ring of the cylindrical surface is machined by turning, and the sealing groove of the end surface is machined by turning or milling. In the embodiment, the sealing groove is dovetail-shaped and is designed on the conical surface, and the following problems exist during processing:

1. the width of the inlet of the sealing groove is 4.6mm, the depth is 5mm, the caliber of the sealing groove is too small, the caliber of a common sealing groove is large, the overall dimension of a common blade is large, and machining cannot be finished.

2. The common processing method is that a cutter is formed by self-grinding according to the size of the sealing groove and is finished on a common lathe through manual feed and deflection angles, so that the finish is poor, and the situations of over-cutting and over-poor size of the sealing groove frequently occur.

3. The shaping of autogenous grinding is mostly integral cutter, because the bore of seal groove is little, and the cutting edge of tool bit is too narrow, very easily appears disconnected sword for the life of cutter is lower.

Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural views of a dovetail groove cutting tool provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the cutting tool comprises a mount 1, a first cutting head 2, a second cutting head 3 and a holder 4.

The mounting seat 1 is mounted on a tool apron 4, and the tool apron 4 is provided with a connecting part 42 for connecting with a tool rest of a machine tool. The mounting seat 1 is provided with a first mounting groove 11.

Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic views of a first tool tip provided by an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic views of a second tool tip provided by an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first tool bit 2 includes a first tool shank 201 and a first tool body 202, and a surface of the first tool shank 201 includes a first positioning surface 21. The first blade 202 is fixed to the first handle 201, and the first positioning surface 21 and the first blade 202 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the first handle 201.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, second cutting head 3 comprises a second tool shank 301 and a second tool body 302, and the surface of second tool shank 301 comprises a second positioning surface 31. The second blade 302 is fixed to the second handle 301, and the second positioning surface 31 and the second blade 302 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the second handle 301.

The first tool holder 201 or the second tool holder 301 is detachably connected with the first installation groove 11.

The cross sections of the first blade 202 and the second blade 302 are rectangular, and the widths of the first blade 202 and the second blade 302 are smaller than the inlet width B of a dovetail groove to be machined.

The surface of the first blade body 202 includes a first cutting edge 25 and a first clearance surface 26, the first cutting edge 25 is located on the end surface of the first blade body 202, the included angle between the first clearance surface 26 and the first cutting edge 25 is β, and the included angle between the first clearance surface 26 and the first positioning surface 21 is β - α.

The surface of the second blade body 302 includes a second cutting edge 35 and a second clearance surface 36, the second cutting edge 35 is located on the end surface of the second blade body 302, the included angle between the second clearance surface 36 and the second cutting edge 35 is β, and the included angle between the second clearance surface 36 and the second positioning surface 31 is β + α.

Beta is an included angle between a first side wall and a bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be processed and an included angle between a second side wall and the bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be processed, alpha is an included angle between the bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be processed and a center line of the workpiece to which the bottom surface belongs, the first cutter face 26 corresponds to the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed, and the second cutter face 36 corresponds to the second side wall of the dovetail groove.

The cutting tool comprises a tool apron, a mounting seat, a first tool bit and a second tool bit, wherein the tool apron is provided with a connecting part used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool, the mounting seat is mounted on the tool apron, and the mounting seat is provided with a first mounting groove; mounting the cutting tool on a tool rest of a machine tool by adopting a connecting part on the tool apron, wherein the first tool bit or the second tool bit is mounted in a first mounting groove of a mounting seat; starting the machine tool, wherein the first tool head comprises a first tool handle 201 and a first tool body 202, the surface of the first tool handle 201 comprises a first positioning surface, the second tool head comprises a second tool handle 301 and a second tool body 302, the surface of the second tool handle 301 comprises a second positioning surface, the cross sections of the first tool body 202 and the second tool body 302 are both rectangular, the widths of the first tool body 202 and the second tool body 302 are both smaller than the inlet width B of the dovetail groove to be machined, the surface of the first tool body 202 comprises a first cutting edge and a first clearance surface, the first cutting edge 25 is positioned on the end surface of the first tool body 202, the included angle between the first clearance surface and the first cutting edge is beta, the included angle between the first clearance surface and the first positioning surface 21 is beta-alpha, the surface of the second tool body 302 comprises a second cutting edge and a second clearance surface, the second cutting edge is positioned on the end surface of the second tool body 302, the included angle between the second clearance surface and the second cutting edge is beta, when the first tool bit is arranged in the first mounting groove, the first side wall of the dovetail groove and the bottom surface of a part of the dovetail groove adjacent to the first side wall are machined on the workpiece through the first tool bit; when the second tool bit is arranged in the first mounting groove, the second side wall and the bottom surface of the other part adjacent to the second side wall of the dovetail groove are machined on the workpiece through the second tool bit, and meanwhile, the bottom surface of the dovetail groove is a conical surface, so that the cutting machining of the dovetail groove on the conical surface is completed.

The structure of the first and second tool bits 2, 3 will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 5-8. The first cutting head 2 and the second cutting head 3 are similar in structure, except that the first clearance surface 26 is at an angle β - α to the first locating surface 21, and the second clearance surface 36 is at an angle β + α to the second locating surface 31. Referring to fig. 2, the second cutting head 3 is mainly used for machining the second side wall 832 and a part of the bottom 833 of the seal groove 83, and the first cutting head 2 is mainly used for machining the first side wall 831 and another part of the bottom 833 of the seal groove 83.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a third cutting edge 24 is provided between the first cutting edge 25 and the first clearance surface 26, and the third cutting edge 24 is protruded on the first clearance surface 26. The third cutting edge 24 may serve as a main cutting edge of the first head 2, and the first cutting edge 25 may serve as a minor cutting edge of the first head 2.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, a fourth cutting edge 34 is provided between the second cutting edge 35 and the second relief surface 36, and the fourth cutting edge 34 is protruded on the second relief surface 36. The fourth cutting edge 34 may serve as a main cutting edge of the second chip 3, and the second cutting edge 35 may serve as a minor cutting edge of the second chip 3.

The edge of the first clearance surface 26 can be about 240.3 mm lower than the third cutting edge to ensure that the cutting process does not interfere with the machined slope of the sealing groove 83.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the third cutting edge 24 and the fourth cutting edge 34 are both arc surfaces, the first cutting edge 25 is tangent to the third cutting edge 24, the second cutting edge 35 is tangent to the fourth cutting edge 34, the radius of the arc surface is R, R is the radius of the first arc segment and the radius of the second arc segment of the dovetail groove to be processed, the first arc segment is located between the first side wall and the bottom surface, and the second arc segment is located between the second side wall and the bottom surface.

The third cutting edge 24 is used for machining a first side wall 831 of the sealing groove 83, the fourth cutting edge 34 is used for machining a second side wall 832 of the sealing groove, and the first cutting edge 25 and the second cutting edge 35 are used for machining a bottom surface 833 of the sealing groove 83.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the surface of the first blade body 202 further includes a first rake surface 27, and the first rake surface 27 and the first relief surface 26 are adjacent two side surfaces of the first blade body 202, respectively. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the surface of the second blade body 302 further includes a second rake surface 37, and the second rake surface 37 and the second clearance surface 36 are two adjacent side surfaces of the second blade body 302, respectively.

Illustratively, the included angle between the first rake face 27 and the first relief face 26 and the included angle between the second rake face 37 and the second relief face 36 are both 75 ° to 82 °.

The included angle between the first clearance surface 26 and the first rake surface 27 is 75-82 degrees, so as to ensure that the first clearance surface does not interfere with the machined inclined surface of the sealing groove 83 during cutting.

Illustratively, the lengths of the first blade 202 and the second blade 302 are 1.6-2 times the depth H of the dovetail groove to be machined, so as to ensure that the first blade and the second blade do not interfere with the outer conical surface 82 of the part during cutting.

Optionally, the first tool shank 201 and the second tool shank 301 are both rectangular bodies, the first tool body 202 is fixed on one side surface of the first tool shank 201, the second tool body 302 is fixed on one side surface of the second tool shank 301, the first positioning surface 21 is opposite to and parallel to the side surface where the first tool body 202 is located, and the second positioning surface 31 is opposite to and parallel to the side surface where the second tool body 302 is located.

Correspondingly, the first mounting groove 11 is a rectangular groove, and the size of the rectangular groove is matched with the outer contours of the first tool handle 201 and the second tool handle 301 respectively.

Illustratively, the surface of the first tool shank 201 further includes a third positioning surface 22, the third positioning surface 22 is perpendicular to the first positioning surface 21, the third positioning surface 22 is located between the first positioning surface 21 and the first tool body 202, the first cutting edge 25 is provided with an edge 251, and the distance from the edge 251 to the third positioning surface 22 is the same as the depth of the first mounting groove 11. Thus, the cutting edge of the tool can be made slightly lower than the center of the workpiece during machining.

The first tool shank 201 is of a rectangular structure, and the first tool body 202 is designed on one side of the first tool shank 201 and is of an integral structure with the first tool shank 201. The first positioning surface 21 and the third positioning surface 22 are perpendicular to each other, the first tool bit 2 is installed in a matched mode with the first installation surface A and the second installation surface B of the installation base 1 through the first positioning surface 21 and the third positioning surface 22, the first through hole 23 is formed in the first tool holder 201, and when the first tool bit 2 and the installation base 1 are installed in the matched mode, the locking bolt 28 penetrating through the first through hole 23 is used for pressing the first tool bit 2 and the installation base 1.

The third cutting edge 24 is arc-shaped, and is mainly used for processing a first side wall and a root fillet of the sealing groove 83, and the radius of the edge angle is the same as the radius R0.5 of a first arc segment formed between the bottom surface and the first side wall of the sealing groove 83.

The included angle between the edge of the first cutter surface 26 and the first positioning surface 21 is β - α, that is, the difference between the included angle β between the first side wall 831 and the bottom surface 833 and the included angle α between the inner bottom surface 833 of the sealing groove and the central axis of the part, so as to meet the processing requirement of the first side wall 831.

The first cutting edge 25, that is, the minor cutting edge (the third cutting edge 24 is a major cutting edge) of the tool, is mainly used for machining the bottom surface 833 of the seal groove, the first cutting edge 25 is tangent to the third cutting edge 24, an included angle between the first cutting edge 25 and the first clearance surface 26 is the same as an included angle β formed between the inner bottom surface 833 of the seal groove and the first side wall 831, and an included angle between the first cutting edge 25 and the first positioning surface 21 is the same as a rotation angle α of the inner bottom surface 833 of the seal groove.

In order to ensure that the machining size enables the first cutting edge on the first blade 202 to completely extend into the bottom of the seal groove to complete the machining of the bottom surface 833, the overall width B of the first cutting edge should be smaller than the inlet width B of the seal groove 83; at the same time, the overall width b of the first cutting edge is determined such that the tool can withstand the cutting forces.

In the second tool bit 3, the surface of the second tool holder 301 further includes a fourth positioning surface 32, and the second tool holder 301 is provided with a second through hole 33. The structure of the second tool shank 301 of the second tool bit 3 is similar to that of the first tool shank 201 of the first tool bit 2, and the structure of the second tool body 302 of the second tool bit 3 is similar to that of the second tool body 202 of the first tool bit 2, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the mounting seat 1 is a rectangular body, the mounting seat 1 is inserted into the tool apron 3, the first mounting groove 11 is formed in the first end of the mounting seat 1, the second end of the mounting seat 1 is provided with the second mounting groove 12, the first tool shank 201 is detachably connected with the first mounting groove 11, and the second tool shank 301 is detachably connected with the second mounting groove 12.

Set up first mounting groove 11 and second mounting groove 12 at the both ends of mount pad 1 respectively, can respectively arrange a work piece at the both ends of mount pad 1 to process, improve machining efficiency.

The mounting seat 1 is of a rectangular structure, and a first mounting groove 11 and a second mounting groove 12 are designed at two ends and are rectangular grooves. The first mounting groove 11 and the second mounting groove 12 can be used for interchangeably and detachably mounting the first cutter head 2 and the second cutter head 3; meanwhile, the locking bolt 28 arranged above the rectangular groove fixes the first cutter head 2 and the second cutter head 3; the cutter head can be laterally positioned by the aid of the vertical positioning surfaces in the rectangular grooves, so that the cutter is prevented from being laterally loosened, and surface machining precision is improved.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a tool holder provided in an embodiment of the disclosure. For example, referring to fig. 9, the tool holder 4 is provided with a mounting hole 41, and the mounting seat 1 is located in the mounting hole 41.

Optionally, a pressing bolt 43 is arranged on the hole wall of the mounting hole 41, and the capless end of the pressing bolt 43 is in contact with the mounting base 1. The pressing bolt 43 is used for pressing the mounting seat 1 and the tool apron 4.

The mode of bolted connection is convenient dismantles when overhauing.

The mounting seat 1 passes through the mounting hole of the tool apron 4 and exposes the first tool bit 2 or the second tool bit 3 to the workpiece, and the pressing bolt 43 on the tool apron 4 is screwed to detachably fix the mounting seat 21 on the tool rest of the machine tool.

The mounting hole 41 is a rectangular hole, and includes a first reference surface 411 and a second reference surface 412 that are perpendicular to each other; the first reference surface 411 is in contact connection with the first mounting surface a of the mounting seat 1, and the second reference surface 412 is in surface contact with the second mounting surface B of the mounting seat 1; a mounting hole 41 (threaded through hole) is designed right above the first reference surface 411 for mounting the hold-down bolt 43, and the mount 1 can be pressed and fixed by adjusting the hold-down bolt 43.

The tool apron 4 is further provided with a connecting portion 42 for connecting with a machine tool frame, the connecting portion 42 can be designed as a step, the step is located on the other side of the mounting hole 41, and the connecting portion 42 comprises a first connecting surface 421 and a second connecting surface 422 which are perpendicular to each other and are respectively matched with a tool groove of the machine tool frame. The first reference surface 411 of the mounting hole 41 is parallel to the first attachment surface 421 of the step and the second reference surface 412 is parallel to the second attachment surface 422 of the step to ensure that the central axis 84 of the tool is perpendicular to the central thin line of the machine tool workpiece.

Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for cutting a dovetail groove, which may be the dovetail groove shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the cutting method is implemented by using a cutting tool shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4, and referring to fig. 10, the flow of the cutting method includes the following steps.

Step 1001, providing two cutting tools.

The cutting tool may be a cutting tool as shown in fig. 3 or fig. 4.

Step 1002, mounting two cutting tools on tool rests of a machine tool respectively.

A first tool bit facing the workpiece is mounted in the first mounting groove of one of the cutting tools, and a second tool bit facing the workpiece is mounted in the first mounting groove of the other cutting tool.

And 1003, starting a machine tool, machining a first side wall and a part of bottom surface close to the first side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the first tool bit, and machining a second side wall and another part of bottom surface close to the second side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the second tool bit.

When the sealing groove is machined, two cutting tools are simultaneously arranged on a tool rest of a machine tool: one cutting tool is provided with a first tool bit, the other cutting tool is provided with a second tool bit, the first tool bit and the second tool bit are respectively provided, the first tool bit and the second tool bit on the two cutting tools are respectively opposite to a workpiece, and the first side wall, the second side wall and the bottom surface of the sealing groove are machined through the first tool bit and the second tool bit.

Optionally, during machining, in order to facilitate smooth chip removal of the workpiece and improve the smoothness of the machined surface, the front angle of the first rake face may be designed to be 8 to 15 °, the main relief angle may be designed to be 3 to 6 °, and the side relief angle may be designed to be 8 to 10 °. The rake angle, the primary relief angle and the secondary relief angle of the secondary rake face are similarly designed and will not be described in detail herein.

The above description is intended to be exemplary only and not to limit the present disclosure, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure is to be considered as the same as the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A cutting tool for a dovetail groove is characterized by comprising a mounting seat (1), a first tool bit (2), a second tool bit (3) and a tool apron (4),

the mounting seat (1) is mounted on the tool apron (4), a connecting part (42) used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool is arranged on the tool apron (4), a first mounting groove (11) is arranged on the mounting seat (1),

the first tool bit (2) comprises a first tool handle (201) and a first tool body (202), the surface of the first tool handle (201) comprises a first positioning surface (21), the first tool body (202) is fixed on the first tool handle (201), the first positioning surface (21) and the first tool body (202) are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the first tool handle (201),

the second cutter head (3) comprises a second cutter handle (301) and a second cutter body (302), the surface of the second cutter handle (301) comprises a second positioning surface (31), the second cutter body (302) is fixed on the second cutter handle (301), the second positioning surface (31) and the second cutter body (302) are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the second cutter handle (301),

the first knife handle (201) or the second knife handle (301) is detachably connected with the first mounting groove (11),

the cross sections of the first cutter body (202) and the second cutter body (302) are rectangular, the widths of the first cutter body (202) and the second cutter body (302) are smaller than the width of an inlet of a dovetail groove to be machined,

the surface of the first cutter body (202) comprises a first cutting edge (25) and a first cutter yielding surface (26), the first cutting edge (25) is positioned on the end surface of the first cutter body (202), the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface (26) and the first cutting edge (25) is beta, the included angle between the first cutter yielding surface (26) and the first positioning surface (21) is beta-alpha,

the surface of the second blade body (302) comprises a second cutting edge (35) and a second cutter surface (36), the second cutting edge (35) is positioned on the end surface of the second blade body (302), the second cutter surface (36) and the second cutting edge (35) form an included angle beta, the second cutter surface (36) and the second positioning surface (31) form an included angle beta + alpha,

beta is an included angle between the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed and the second side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed and the bottom surface respectively, alpha is an included angle between the bottom surface of the dovetail groove to be processed and the central line of the workpiece, the first cutter face (26) corresponds to the first side wall of the dovetail groove to be processed, and the second cutter face (36) corresponds to the second side wall of the dovetail groove.

2. The cutting tool of claim 1,

a third cutting edge (24) is arranged between the first cutting edge (25) and the first clearance surface (26), the third cutting edge (24) is protruded on the first clearance surface (26),

and a fourth cutting edge (34) is arranged between the second cutting edge (35) and the second cutter-giving surface (36), and the fourth cutting edge (34) is protruded on the second cutter-giving surface (36).

3. The cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein the third cutting edge (24) and the fourth cutting edge (34) are both arc surfaces, the first cutting edge (25) is tangent to the third cutting edge (24), the second cutting edge (35) is tangent to the fourth cutting edge (34), the arc surfaces have a radius of R, R is a radius of a first arc segment and a second arc segment of the dovetail groove to be machined, the first arc segment is located between the first side wall and the bottom surface, and the second arc segment is located between the second side wall and the bottom surface.

4. The cutting tool of claim 1,

the surface of the first blade body (202) further comprises a first rake surface (27), the first rake surface (27) and the first relief surface (26) are respectively two adjacent side surfaces of the first blade body (202),

the surface of the second blade body (302) further comprises a second rake surface (37), and the second rake surface (37) and the second yielding surface (36) are two adjacent side surfaces of the second blade body (302), respectively.

5. The cutting tool according to claim 4, wherein the angle between the first rake face (27) and the first relief face (26) and the angle between the second rake face (37) and the second relief face (36) are both 75 ° to 82 °.

6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first blade body (202) and the second blade body (302) have a length of 1.6 to 2 times a depth of the dovetail groove to be machined.

7. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the mounting seat (1) is a rectangular body, the mounting seat (1) is inserted on the insert seat (4), the first mounting groove (11) is provided at a first end of the mounting seat (1),

the second end of mount pad (1) is provided with second mounting groove (12), first handle of a knife (201) with first mounting groove (11) can be dismantled and be connected, second handle of a knife (301) with second mounting groove (12) can be dismantled and be connected.

8. The cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein the insert seat (4) is provided with a mounting hole (41), and the mounting seat (1) is located in the mounting hole (41).

9. The cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein the surface of the first shank (201) further comprises a third positioning surface (22), the third positioning surface (22) being perpendicular to the first positioning surface (21), the third positioning surface (22) being located between the first positioning surface (21) and the first shank (202), the first cutting edge (25) being provided with an edge (251), the distance between the edge (251) and the third positioning surface (22) being the same as the depth of the first mounting groove (11).

10. A method of cutting a dovetail groove, which is performed using the cutting tool according to claim 1, comprising:

providing two of said cutting tools;

mounting the two cutting tools on tool rests of a machine tool respectively, wherein a first tool bit facing a workpiece is mounted in a first mounting groove of one of the cutting tools, and a second tool bit facing the workpiece is mounted in a first mounting groove of the other cutting tool;

and starting the machine tool, machining a first side wall and a part of bottom surface close to the first side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the first tool bit, and machining a second side wall and another part of bottom surface close to the second side wall of the dovetail groove on the workpiece through the second tool bit.

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