CN111670864A - 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111670864A CN111670864A CN202010654318.7A CN202010654318A CN111670864A CN 111670864 A CN111670864 A CN 111670864A CN 202010654318 A CN202010654318 A CN 202010654318A CN 111670864 A CN111670864 A CN 111670864A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cow
- feeding
- dairy
- health
- nutritional supplement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000009984 peri-natal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 210
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004858 feed analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Methylbutanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauric acid monoglyceride Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium butyrate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC([O-])=O MFBOGIVSZKQAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004140 ketosis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 3
- ABSPRNADVQNDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menaquinone 1 Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 ABSPRNADVQNDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000035563 calcemia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N phylloquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019175 phylloquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011772 phylloquinone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001898 phytomenadione Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000722731 Carex Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000683 abdominal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015140 cultured milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000030135 gastric motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004279 orbit Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,S1、奶牛挑选:选择体况良好干奶期奶牛,以传统的方式对奶牛进行喂养,其中营养水平参考《奶牛饲养标准》配制;S2、奶牛前期饲养:在前期采用全混合日粮饲喂。本发明提供一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,该饲养方法主要是针对围产期奶牛饲养,通过在奶牛产后立即喂养营养补充剂,并同时对奶牛身体指标进行检测,保证奶牛身体不排斥营养补充剂,同时确保奶牛身体健康,并分三次喂养,使得奶牛可以快速恢复至原始状态,进而保证奶牛采食和产奶不会受到较大的影响,该喂养方法,步骤清晰明确,统一且完善,对传统奶牛喂养方式进一步改进,能够很好的适用于奶牛的喂养。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法。
背景技术
奶牛是乳用品种,经过高度选育繁殖的优良品种,奶牛主要以黑白花奶牛为主,其适应性强、分布范围广、产奶量高、耐粗饲,由纯种荷兰牛与本地母牛的高代杂交种,经长期选育而成,奶牛产的牛奶营养全面,是适合长期饮用的饮品,也是现代乳品工业的重要原料。
伴随着人们对产奶量需求不断的提高,奶牛的饲喂技术也急需提高,特别对于围产期奶牛的饲养是奶牛养殖中的重中之重,奶牛围产期是指奶牛产前15天(围产前期)到产后15天(围产后期),奶牛产前15天内,由于奶牛所怀犊牛处于快速生长期,体重急速增加,奶牛采食量也大量增加,需要营养成分也急剧上升,除了奶牛日粮种提供营养外,奶牛也消耗部分体能来满足犊牛的生长需要,而现有技术中,对于围产期奶牛的饲养方法过于简单化,缺乏统一且细致的饲喂操作,使得奶牛采食和产奶受到影响,即使后期进行治疗,也不能恢复到最初状态。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足之处,提供一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,解决了现有技术中对于围产期奶牛的饲养方法过于简单化,缺乏统一且细致的饲喂操作,使得奶牛采食和产奶受到影响。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、奶牛挑选:选择体况良好干奶期奶牛,以传统的方式对奶牛进行喂养,其中营养水平参考《奶牛饲养标准》配制;
S2、奶牛前期饲养:在前期采用全混合日粮饲喂,并每天观察奶牛的健康状况,每天上料三次,自由采食,自由饮水,每天记录饲料的添加量和剩余量,直至奶牛生产;
S3、一次灌服营养补充剂:奶牛产仔之后,立即向奶牛灌服20-40kg 的营养补充剂,并等待5-10min观察奶牛身体有无异样;
S4、奶牛健康测定:在S3灌服营养补充剂之后,等到奶牛身体恢复正常状态,开始记录和测定奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白、尿素氮等指标,根据记录和测定的数据综合判断奶牛身体状况是否正常;
S5、二次灌服营养补充剂:第二天,根据S3中记录的数据,判断奶牛身体是否正常,若身体正常第二天继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若身体表现不正常,则不需要灌服营养剂,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况;
S6、DM含量测定:S5灌服营养补充剂6-8h之后,收集奶牛的剩饲料和粪便,将饲料、粪样混合后置于烘干装置中烘干,回潮称重,直至两次重量之差不超过0.5克为止,制成分析样本,测定饲料、剩料及粪样中 DM的含量,进一步测定奶牛身体状况;
S7、三次灌服营养补充剂:第三天,根据S6中分析的DM含量,判断出奶牛身体是否正常,若数据显示正常,则继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若数据显示不正常,则不需要灌服,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况。
优选的,所述S3中营养补充剂使用的是围奶宝,其组成成分为葡萄糖酸钙5-10%、异丁酸0.5-1%、异戊酸0.5-1%、富马酸1-1.5%、乙酸钙 0.5-1%、丁酸钠1-2%;丙二醇15-18%、复合多维1-2%、复合微量元素8- 12%、酵母菌0.5-1%、食盐5-10%、过瘤胃蛋氨酸0.5-1%、过瘤胃赖氨酸 0.5-1%、组氨酸0.5-1%、亮氨酸0.5-1%、酵母培养物5-10%、月桂酸单甘油酯0.5-1%、大豆低聚肽0.5-1%、碳酸氢钠2-5%、过瘤胃胆碱0.1- 0.5%、磷酸氢钙19-51.9%。
优选的,所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合微量元素含量为:硫酸铜 0.05-0.09%、硫酸锌0.02-0.37%、硫酸铁0.1-0.14%、硫酸锰0.1- 0.14%、1%亚硒酸钠0.02-0.07%、1%碘化钾0.02-0.06%、1%硫酸钴0.02- 0.06%、氯化钾0.05-0.07%。
优选的,所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合维生素含量为:维生素A 0.1-0.2%、维生素D0.01-0.03%、维生素E65-79%、维生素C3-10%、生物素0.001-0.003%、维生素B10.01-0.04%、维生素B20.03-0.07%、维生素B120.05-0.09%、维生素K1-2.7%、叶酸0.005-0.01%、维生素 B60.01-0.04%、肌醇1-4%、胆碱5-8%。
优选的,所述S4中奶牛正常产奶量的范围为28-38kg,乳脂率正常范围为3.1-3.9%,乳蛋白正常范围为2.7-3.6%,尿素氮正常范围为13.5- 18.2%。
优选的,所述S6中饲料、粪样的烘干温度为65℃,时间为48h,烘干后需要冷却48h。
优选的,所述S6中收取的样品测定方法参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》中的方法测定。
优选的,所述S7中奶牛经过三次灌服营养补充剂之后,能够保证奶牛具有健康的身体,使得奶牛可以快速恢复身体。
与相关技术相比较,本发明提供的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,该饲养方法主要是针对围产期奶牛饲养,通过在奶牛产后立即喂养营养补充剂,并同时对奶牛身体指标进行检测,保证奶牛身体不排斥营养补充剂,同时确保奶牛身体健康,并分三次喂养,使得奶牛可以快速恢复至原始状态,进而保证奶牛采食和产奶不会受到较大的影响,该喂养方法,步骤清晰明确,统一且完善,对传统奶牛喂养方式进一步改进,能够很好的适用于奶牛的喂养。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,以下步骤:
S1、奶牛挑选:选择体况良好干奶期奶牛,以传统的方式对奶牛进行喂养,其中营养水平参考《奶牛饲养标准》配制;
S2、奶牛前期饲养:在前期采用全混合日粮饲喂,并每天观察奶牛的健康状况,每天上料三次,自由采食,自由饮水,每天记录饲料的添加量和剩余量,直至奶牛生产;
S3、一次灌服营养补充剂:奶牛产仔之后,立即向奶牛灌服20-40kg 的营养补充剂,并等待5-10min观察奶牛身体有无异样;
S4、奶牛健康测定:在S3灌服营养补充剂之后,等到奶牛身体恢复正常状态,开始记录和测定奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白、尿素氮等指标,根据记录和测定的数据综合判断奶牛身体状况是否正常;
S5、二次灌服营养补充剂:第二天,根据S3中记录的数据,判断奶牛身体是否正常,若身体正常第二天继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若身体表现不正常,则不需要灌服营养剂,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况;
S6、DM含量测定:S5灌服营养补充剂6-8h之后,收集奶牛的剩饲料和粪便,将饲料、粪样混合后置于烘干装置中烘干,回潮称重,直至两次重量之差不超过0.5克为止,制成分析样本,测定饲料、剩料及粪样中 DM的含量,进一步测定奶牛身体状况;
S7、三次灌服营养补充剂:第三天,根据S6中分析的DM含量,判断出奶牛身体是否正常,若数据显示正常,则继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若数据显示不正常,则不需要灌服,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况。
所述S3中营养补充剂使用的是围奶宝,其组成成分为葡萄糖酸钙5- 10%、异丁酸0.5-1%、异戊酸0.5-1%、富马酸1-1.5%、乙酸钙0.5-1%、丁酸钠1-2%;丙二醇15-18%、复合多维1-2%、复合微量元素8-12%、酵母菌0.5-1%、食盐5-10%、过瘤胃蛋氨酸0.5-1%、过瘤胃赖氨酸0.5-1%、组氨酸0.5-1%、亮氨酸0.5-1%、酵母培养物5-10%、月桂酸单甘油酯 0.5-1%、大豆低聚肽0.5-1%、碳酸氢钠2-5%、过瘤胃胆碱0.1-0.5%、磷酸氢钙19-51.9%。
所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合微量元素含量为:硫酸铜0.05- 0.09%、硫酸锌0.02-0.37%、硫酸铁0.1-0.14%、硫酸锰0.1-0.14%、1%亚硒酸钠0.02-0.07%、1%碘化钾0.02-0.06%、1%硫酸钴0.02-0.06%、氯化钾0.05-0.07%。
所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合维生素含量为:维生素A0.1-0.2%、维生素D0.01-0.03%、维生素E65-79%、维生素C3-10%、生物素 0.001-0.003%、维生素B10.01-0.04%、维生素B20.03-0.07%、维生素 B120.05-0.09%、维生素K1-2.7%、叶酸0.005-0.01%、维生素B60.01- 0.04%、肌醇1-4%、胆碱5-8%。
所述S4中奶牛正常产奶量的范围为28-38kg,乳脂率正常范围为3.1- 3.9%,乳蛋白正常范围为2.7-3.6%,尿素氮正常范围为13.5-18.2%。
所述S6中饲料、粪样的烘干温度为65℃,时间为48h,烘干后需要冷却48h。
所述S6中收取的样品测定方法参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》中的方法测定。
所述S7中奶牛经过三次灌服营养补充剂之后,能够保证奶牛具有健康的身体,使得奶牛可以快速恢复身体。
为了对比灌服营养补充剂(围康宝)和未灌服营养补充剂对奶牛身体状况的影响,进行如下对比试验:
材料与方法:(1)试验动物与试验设计,选择体况良好干奶期奶牛 200头,作为试验动物,试验奶牛基本情况、精料补充料及TMR日粮配方见表1、2、3所示;
表1试验奶牛基本情况(头、千克)
组别 | 胎次 | 怀孕天数 | 上胎产奶量 |
试验组 | 3.20±1.11 | 270.15±6.80 | 27.84±0.31 |
对照组 | 3.15±1.23 | 270.30±5.89 | 27.63±0.64 |
表2精料补充料组成(%)
表3试验奶牛TMR日粮组成(%)
TMR日粮组成 | 泌乳早期 | 泌乳中期 | 泌乳后期 |
精料补充料 | 26 | 24 | 22 |
带穗青贮 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 |
苜蓿 | 10.5 | 11.5 | - |
燕麦 | 6 | 4.5 | 16 |
胡萝卜 | 6 | 8.5 | 10.5 |
合计 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
(2)采用单因子试验设计,试验奶牛随机分为2组,每组100头,饲喂方式、饲养管理两组相同,对照组产后不灌服围奶宝,试验组奶牛产后灌服围奶宝,灌服时间为产后立即灌服;
饲养管理、试验时间及测定指标:(1)试验奶牛前期采用全混合日粮饲喂,每天观察奶牛的健康状况,每天上料3次,自由采食,自由饮水,每天记录饲料的添加量和剩余量;
(2)试验期为奶牛产犊后3个月,测定指标为记录试验奶牛产后真胃移位、产后瘫痪及酮病发病情况,饲料及粪中的干物质含量;每天测定试验奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白、尿素氮等指标,将饲料、粪样混合后于65℃烘干48小时,取出冷却48小时,回潮称重,直至两次重量之差不超过0.5克为止,制成分析样本,测定饲料、剩料及粪样中DM的含量,样品测定方法参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》中的方法测定。
结果:(1)围奶宝对奶牛真胃移位等疾病发病率的影响,由表4 可以看出,对照组真胃移位的发病率明显高于试验组3个百分点,对照组产后瘫痪有3头奶牛发病,试验组没有,酮病比试验组奶牛高出10头,高出试验组10个百分点,从本次试验结果看,围奶宝可以明显减少围产期奶牛真位移位、产后瘫痪以及酮病的发病率;
表4围奶宝对奶牛真胃移位、产后瘫痪及酮病发病率的影响(头、%)
(2)围奶宝对奶牛生产性能的的影响,由表5可以看出,围奶宝对两组奶牛日粮产奶量、乳蛋白及乳脂率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但试验组奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白、乳脂率都略高于对照组,试验组乳中尿素氮的含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组尿素氮低于对照组,说明试验组奶牛对蛋白的消化利用率提高了,减少了血液中尿素氮的含量,进而影响到乳中的尿素氮含量;
表5围奶宝对奶牛生产性能的的影响(kg、%)
(3)围奶宝对奶牛干物质采食量以及消化率的影响,从表6可以看出两个组之间干物质表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验组略高于对照组,试验组粪中干物质含量略低于对照组,试验组干物质消化率高于对照组,试验组干物质采食量也略高于对照组,说明产后及时灌服围奶宝可以改善奶牛的体质,增加奶牛的采食量。
表6围奶宝对奶牛干物质采食量以及消化率的影响(kg、%)
组别 | 对照组 | 试验组 |
干物质采食量 | 21.22±0.28 | 22.23±0.24 |
粪干物质排泄量 | 6.65±0.11 | 6.12±0.12 |
干物质消化率 | 68.79±0.77 | 71.39±0.47 |
结果与讨论:(1)奶牛血钙快速降低并非出现在产后,70%的奶牛在产前和产中就出现血钙迅速降低,造成怒责、阵缩无力,产程延长。产程越长,奶牛营养物质消耗越多,产后奶牛越虚弱,产后恢复时间越长。产后灌服的意义在于奶牛生产后及时灌服围奶宝,可以及时补充奶牛的所需营养物质,尤其是可以快速补充钙,增加血液中钙的含量,增强奶牛抵抗力,缩短奶牛产后恢复时间,防止产后瘫痪的发生;
(2)奶牛由于犊牛娩出后,大量外周血液进入腹腔,引起脑部缺血。这时迅速动员组织中的水分进入血液补充血流量,引起奶牛脱水。许多奶牛产后出现眼窝下陷即是其临床表现。奶牛产后大约有5—10分钟的极度渴欲时间段,产后灌服20-40千克左右的围奶宝液,不仅可以补充奶牛产后所需营养物质,还可以补充奶牛由于生产所丢失的水分,防止奶牛脱水;
(3)产后饮服(或灌服)营养调节补充剂(围奶宝)的时间越早,越有利于解除产后脱水和缓解分娩应激,产后食欲恢复速度越快,在临床上可见早上奶牛饮服围奶宝后,下午奶牛的精神状态、食欲就明显好转。随着灌服时间的延后或者没有灌服,灌服效果越来越不明显,产后瘫痪、胎衣不下的发生率也逐渐增加,奶牛产后恢复期越长,食欲恢复越慢,将直接影响到奶牛将来的泌乳性能。
(4)奶牛产后灌服后可以短时间内快速增加瘤胃的容积,避免奶牛产后真胃移位的发生;
因此,建议奶牛产后立即饮服奶牛围奶宝,连续灌服3天,对解除产后脱水和预防产后瘫痪、酮病等代谢疾病效果良好。
本发明提供的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法的工作原理如下:
S1、奶牛挑选:选择体况良好干奶期奶牛,以传统的方式对奶牛进行喂养,其中营养水平参考《奶牛饲养标准》配制;
S2、奶牛前期饲养:在前期采用全混合日粮饲喂,并每天观察奶牛的健康状况,每天上料三次,自由采食,自由饮水,每天记录饲料的添加量和剩余量,直至奶牛生产;
S3、一次灌服营养补充剂:奶牛产仔之后,立即向奶牛灌服20-40kg 的营养补充剂,并等待5-10min观察奶牛身体有无异样;
S4、奶牛健康测定:在S3灌服营养补充剂之后,等到奶牛身体恢复正常状态,开始记录和测定奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白、尿素氮等指标,根据记录和测定的数据综合判断奶牛身体状况是否正常;
S5、二次灌服营养补充剂:第二天,根据S3中记录的数据,判断奶牛身体是否正常,若身体正常第二天继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若身体表现不正常,则不需要灌服营养剂,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况;
S6、DM含量测定:S5灌服营养补充剂6-8h之后,收集奶牛的剩饲料和粪便,将饲料、粪样混合后置于烘干装置中烘干,回潮称重,直至两次重量之差不超过0.5克为止,制成分析样本,测定饲料、剩料及粪样中 DM的含量,进一步测定奶牛身体状况;
S7、三次灌服营养补充剂:第三天,根据S6中分析的DM含量,判断出奶牛身体是否正常,若数据显示正常,则继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若数据显示不正常,则不需要灌服,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况。
与相关技术相比较,本发明提供的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,该饲养方法主要是针对围产期奶牛饲养,通过在奶牛产后立即喂养营养补充剂,并同时对奶牛身体指标进行检测,保证奶牛身体不排斥营养补充剂,同时确保奶牛身体健康,并分三次喂养,使得奶牛可以快速恢复至原始状态,进而保证奶牛采食和产奶不会受到较大的影响,该喂养方法,步骤清晰明确,统一且完善,对传统奶牛喂养方式进一步改进,能够很好的适用于奶牛的喂养。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、奶牛挑选:选择体况良好干奶期奶牛,以传统的方式对奶牛进行喂养,其中营养水平参考《奶牛饲养标准》配制;
S2、奶牛前期饲养:在前期采用全混合日粮饲喂,并每天观察奶牛的健康状况,每天上料三次,自由采食,自由饮水,每天记录饲料的添加量和剩余量,直至奶牛生产;
S3、一次灌服营养补充剂:奶牛产仔之后,立即向奶牛灌服20-40kg的营养补充剂,并等待5-10min观察奶牛身体有无异样;
S4、奶牛健康测定:在S3灌服营养补充剂之后,等到奶牛身体恢复正常状态,开始记录和测定奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白、尿素氮等指标,根据记录和测定的数据综合判断奶牛身体状况是否正常;
S5、二次灌服营养补充剂:第二天,根据S3中记录的数据,判断奶牛身体是否正常,若身体正常第二天继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若身体表现不正常,则不需要灌服营养剂,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况;
S6、DM含量测定:S5灌服营养补充剂6-8h之后,收集奶牛的剩饲料和粪便,将饲料、粪样混合后置于烘干装置中烘干,回潮称重,直至两次重量之差不超过0.5克为止,制成分析样本,测定饲料、剩料及粪样中DM的含量,进一步测定奶牛身体状况;
S7、三次灌服营养补充剂:第三天,根据S6中分析的DM含量,判断出奶牛身体是否正常,若数据显示正常,则继续灌服相同剂量的营养补充剂,若数据显示不正常,则不需要灌服,需要根据奶牛具体情况灌服药物,保证奶牛保持良好的身体状况。
2.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S3中营养补充剂使用的是围奶宝,其组成成分为葡萄糖酸钙5-10%、异丁酸0.5-1%、异戊酸0.5-1%、富马酸1-1.5%、乙酸钙0.5-1%、丁酸钠1-2%;丙二醇15-18%、复合多维1-2%、复合微量元素8-12%、酵母菌0.5-1%、食盐5-10%、过瘤胃蛋氨酸0.5-1%、过瘤胃赖氨酸0.5-1%、组氨酸0.5-1%、亮氨酸0.5-1%、酵母培养物5-10%、月桂酸单甘油酯0.5-1%、大豆低聚肽0.5-1%、碳酸氢钠2-5%、过瘤胃胆碱0.1-0.5%、磷酸氢钙19-51.9%。
3.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合微量元素含量为:硫酸铜0.05-0.09%、硫酸锌0.02-0.37%、硫酸铁0.1-0.14%、硫酸锰0.1-0.14%、1%亚硒酸钠0.02-0.07%、1%碘化钾0.02-0.06%、1%硫酸钴0.02-0.06%、氯化钾0.05-0.07%。
4.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S3中营养补充剂每份复合维生素含量为:维生素A 0.1-0.2%、维生素D 0.01-0.03%、维生素E 65-79%、维生素C 3-10%、生物素0.001-0.003%、维生素B1 0.01-0.04%、维生素B2 0.03-0.07%、维生素B12 0.05-0.09%、维生素K 1-2.7%、叶酸0.005-0.01%、维生素B60.01-0.04%、肌醇1-4%、胆碱5-8%。
5.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S4中奶牛正常产奶量的范围为28-38kg,乳脂率正常范围为3.1-3.9%,乳蛋白正常范围为2.7-3.6%,尿素氮正常范围为13.5-18.2%。
6.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S6中饲料、粪样的烘干温度为65℃,时间为48h,烘干后需要冷却48h。
7.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S6中收取的样品测定方法参照《饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术》中的方法测定。
8.如权利要求1所述的提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法,其特征在于:所述S7中奶牛经过三次灌服营养补充剂之后,能够保证奶牛具有健康的身体,使得奶牛可以快速恢复身体。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010654318.7A CN111670864B (zh) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010654318.7A CN111670864B (zh) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111670864A true CN111670864A (zh) | 2020-09-18 |
CN111670864B CN111670864B (zh) | 2021-11-23 |
Family
ID=72438562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010654318.7A Active CN111670864B (zh) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111670864B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112602670A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 重庆泰基科技发展有限公司 | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 |
CN115152695A (zh) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-11 | 北京东方联鸣科技发展有限公司 | 奶牛围产期管理方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105941309A (zh) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 中国农业大学 | 一种提高围产期奶牛免疫力和产奶量的方法 |
CN106689698A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-24 | 曹杰 | 一种奶牛产后灌服营养补充剂及其生产方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-09 CN CN202010654318.7A patent/CN111670864B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105941309A (zh) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 中国农业大学 | 一种提高围产期奶牛免疫力和产奶量的方法 |
CN106689698A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-24 | 曹杰 | 一种奶牛产后灌服营养补充剂及其生产方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112602670A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 重庆泰基科技发展有限公司 | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 |
CN115152695A (zh) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-11 | 北京东方联鸣科技发展有限公司 | 奶牛围产期管理方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111670864B (zh) | 2021-11-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Arnett et al. | Some effects of obesity in beef females | |
CN101785529B (zh) | 奶牛围产后期专用复合预混料及其应用 | |
CN111670864B (zh) | 一种提升围产期奶牛健康的饲养方法 | |
Monem et al. | Effect of different dietary levels of inorganic zinc oxide on ovarian activities, reproductive performance of Egyptian Baladi ewes and growth of their lambs. | |
CN106689698B (zh) | 一种奶牛产后灌服营养补充剂及其生产方法 | |
CN102423006A (zh) | 一种哺乳母猪配合饲料 | |
Hunter et al. | The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle | |
CN106342745A (zh) | 一种繁殖母羊的饲养方法 | |
CN103431253B (zh) | 生猪液体饲料及其制备工艺 | |
CN112841436A (zh) | 白藜芦醇作为饲料添加剂用于改善母猪乳成分的应用 | |
CN103734545B (zh) | 一种防治奶牛产前产后瘫痪的高钙营养舔砖及其制备方法 | |
CN111034674A (zh) | 一种放牧条件下藏羔羊提前断奶的营养饲料集及藏羔羊提前断奶的方法 | |
US20210386096A1 (en) | Feed additive to promote the growth of sows and piglets and application thereof | |
CN102048035A (zh) | 一种哺乳母猪饲料 | |
CN112825971B (zh) | 一种怀孕母猪配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
Khan et al. | Effects of feeding high and low energy levels during late pregnancy on performance of crossbred dairy cows and their calves | |
CN108684954A (zh) | 一种提高泌乳量的哺乳母猪配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN104543403B (zh) | 专用于肉牛育肥增重的维生素及矿物质营养复合防病制剂 | |
CN104187057A (zh) | 一种提高哺乳母猪泌乳力的饲料及其制备方法 | |
CN101218962A (zh) | 一种改善牛奶品质的饲料添加剂 | |
CN111357874A (zh) | 一种以丹参药泥为粘合剂的牛羊复合营养舔砖及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN111972553A (zh) | 一种围产期奶牛营养补充料及其制备方法 | |
CN111528356A (zh) | 一种适口性好的奶牛围产期用阴离子盐制备方法 | |
CN103431177A (zh) | 一种含芝麻粉的哺乳母猪低蛋白预混料及其制备方法 | |
CN110226679A (zh) | 一种丹系高产母猪围产期功能性补充饲料及其饲喂方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |