CN111670862B - Weaning fence method for lambs - Google Patents

Weaning fence method for lambs Download PDF

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CN111670862B
CN111670862B CN202010640485.6A CN202010640485A CN111670862B CN 111670862 B CN111670862 B CN 111670862B CN 202010640485 A CN202010640485 A CN 202010640485A CN 111670862 B CN111670862 B CN 111670862B
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lambs
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stall
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weaning
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CN111670862A (en
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王净
于小杰
兰金苹
穆秀明
张壁珠
白园园
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Hebei North University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/40—Mineral licks, e.g. salt blocks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention discloses a lamb weaning fence method, and belongs to the field of lamb feeding management in animal husbandry. The method provided by the invention comprises the steps that the lambs start to enter the stall period in 15 days after birth until the lambs finish in 40 days after birth, the lambs are weaned in 41 days after birth, the stall time of the lambs and the mother body every day is gradually prolonged in the stall period, and the lambs are fed in the stall time. The method can remarkably improve the related economic indexes of the lambs, overcome the defects of stress reaction and immunity reduction of the lambs caused by the barriers, and remarkably increase the breeding economic benefit.

Description

Weaning fence method for lambs
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lamb feeding management in animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a weaning fence method for lambs, in particular to a fence supplementary feeding method for separating early weaning lambs from parents, so that the aim of improving the growth speed of the lambs is fulfilled, and the breeding cost is reduced.
Background
The suitable early weaning can promote the growth of the lambs, is beneficial to the body condition recovery of the ewes, shortens the breeding cycle and improves the lambing number. The supplementary feeding of the lamb early compartment is a technology for training the lamb to eat early, can promote the development of the lamb forestomach and improve the digestive function, improve the growth speed, reduce the individual difference, is beneficial to early weaning and large-scale fattening of the lamb and prolong the lactation peak period of the ewe. The supplementary feeding time of the barriers is an important factor influencing the growth and development of the lambs. When the supplementary feeding is carried out on the early barriers of the lambs, stress reaction and immunity of the lambs are reduced if the lambs are weaned suddenly. In the actual production process, no suitable shelf time reference exists, which creates a problem for farmers to manage the weaned lambs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more problems in the prior art, the invention provides a weaning fence method for lambs, wherein the lambs start to enter a fence period at 15 days after birth, end at 40 days after birth and are weaned at 41 days after birth; gradually prolonging the fence separating time of the lambs and the mother body every day in the fence separating period, and supplementing the lambs in the fence separating time.
The time of the daily lamb and mother in the stall period is as follows:
the daily stall time of 15-19-day-old lambs is 5.5-6.5 h;
the time of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is 7.5-8.5 hours;
the daily stall time of 25-29-day-old lambs is 9.5-10.5 h;
the daily stall time of the lambs of 30-40 days is 11.5-12.5 h.
In the method, the time period of the barriers between the lambs and the mother body every day is as follows:
the time period of the daily stalls of 15-19-day-old lambs is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18: 30;
the time period of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-11:30, afternoon: 15:00-19: 00;
the time period of the 25-29-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 11:00-18: 00;
the time period of the daily stalls of the lambs of 30-40 days old is 7:30-19: 30.
The supplementary feeding of the lambs during the time of the stalls included allowing the lambs to feed the pellets freely.
The main components of the granule material are corn, fermented bean-cypress, probiotics, enzyme preparation, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acid, microelement premix, vitamin premix and choline chloride.
The nutrient components and contents of the granular material meet the following requirements: water content is less than or equal to 13.5%, crude protein is more than or equal to 21.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 11.0%, crude ash content is less than or equal to 10.0%, calcium: 0.5-1.4%, total phosphorus not less than 0.4%, salt: 1.1-1.4 percent of lysine and more than or equal to 1.5 percent of lysine.
The supplementary feeding of the lambs during the time of the stalls also comprises free drinking of the lambs, licking of salt bricks and/or free feeding of silage or hay.
The lamb weaning fence method based on the technical scheme adopts a mode that 15-day-old to 40-day-old lambs are gradually isolated from a mother body, reasonably sets the fence separating time of the lambs and the mother sheep on the premise of improving the growth speed of the lambs, gradually transits the fence separating time from about 6h to about 12h every day, particularly prolongs the fence separating time to about 12h 10 days before weaning, and combines with supplementary feeding measures, so that the lamb weaning fence method is a method capable of obviously improving relevant economic indexes of the lambs, such as average daily gain, material weight ratio, energy metabolism level and the like. The progressive method provided by the invention overcomes the defects of stress response and immunity reduction of lambs caused by barriers, simultaneously solidifies the separation time of the lambs and the mother body, can provide scientific and fine feeding measures for early weaning of the lambs in a farm, promotion of early oestrus of the ewes, improvement of the lamb number and the like, and can obviously increase the economic benefit of breeding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a weaning stall method for lambs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a barrier method for separating a mother body from a young lamb during early weaning so as to improve the growth speed of the lamb and reduce the breeding cost.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a barrier method for separating the early weaning period of lambs from the mother body, which specifically includes: the lambs enter the stall period from 15 days after birth to 40 days after birth, the lambs are weaned at 41 days after birth, the stall time of the lambs and the mother body every day is gradually prolonged in the stall period, and the lambs are fed within the stall time. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) ear tag marking is carried out in 2d after the lamb birth, a compartment is started at 15d, a 40d is ended, and weaning is carried out at 41 d.
2) The daily stall time of 15-19-day-old lambs is 5.5-6.5 h (6 h is shown in figure 1), in the morning: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18:30.
3) The 20-24-day-old lambs are fed for 7.5-8.5 h (8 h is shown in figure 1) in a partition mode every day, in the morning: 7:30-11:30, afternoon: 15:00-19:00.
4) The 25-29-day-old lambs are fed for 9.5-10.5 h (10 h is shown in figure 1) in a partition mode every day, in the morning: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 11:00-18:00.
5) The daily separate-fence supplementary feeding is carried out for lambs of 30-40 days old for 11.5-12.5 h (12 h is shown in figure 1), and the time is as follows: 7:30-19:30.
6) The free-feeding granule concentrate supplement for lambs in the hurdle stage can be directly purchased from the market.
7) During the stall period, the lambs freely drink water and lick salt bricks (the immunization program is carried out according to the arrangement of a farm).
8) Lambs can freely eat high-quality silage or hay during the hurdle period.
The lamb weaning fence method provided by the embodiment adopts a mode that lambs are gradually separated from a mother body from 15 days old to 40 days old, on the premise of improving the growth speed of the lambs, the fence separating time of the lambs and the mother body is reasonably set, the fence separating time is gradually transited from about 6h to about 12h every day, particularly, the fence separating time is prolonged to about 12h 10 days before weaning, and by combining with supplementary feeding measures, the defects of lamb stress response and immunity reduction caused by the fence are overcome, meanwhile, the time for separating the lambs and the mother body is solidified, scientific refined feeding measures can be provided for early weaning of the lambs in a breeding farm, promotion of early estrus of the mother body, improvement of the number of born lambs and the like, and the breeding economic benefit can be remarkably increased.
Example 2:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals
180 healthy Du lake hybrid F1 lambs (with the birth date within 3 days (a certain farm in Hebei province (40 degrees 37 degrees in northern latitude, 115 degrees 8 degrees in east longitude and 680m))) with similar body conditions are selected and divided into three groups, each group comprises 60 lambs, 30 male lambs and female lambs (10 single lambs, double lambs and three lambs), 2d after birth is marked with an inner ear mark, 15d begins to separate the lambs and 40d ends. During the period, water is freely drunk and salt bricks are licked (the immunization program is carried out according to the arrangement of a sheep farm).
1.2 design of the experiment
Arrangement of supplementary feeding time of the barriers: group I lambs are fed for 6h in a separate hurdle each day (7: 30-10:30 in the morning, 15:30-18:30 in the afternoon); the second group of lambs are fed in a partition way for 15-19 days old, the lambs are fed in the same group I (namely the lambs are fed in the partition way for 6h every day (7: 30-10:30 in the morning and 15:30-18:30 in the afternoon)), the 20-24 days old lambs are fed for 8h (7: 30-11:30 in the morning and 15:00-19:00 in the afternoon), and the 25-40 days old lambs are fed for 10h (7: 30-10:30 in the morning and 11:00-18:00 in the afternoon); the third group of lambs are fed in the same way as the second group of lambs before the age of 30 days, and the lambs of 30-40 days are fed in the way of partition for 12 hours every day (time: 7:30-19:30), namely the method shown in the figure 1 is adopted.
The main ingredients of the feed granules (Yangbaoqiang: Zhengzhou Yihai animal husbandry Limited) during the fence period are as follows: corn, fermented bean-curd refuse, probiotics, enzyme preparation, salt, calcium hydrophosphate, amino acid, microelement premix, vitamin premix, choline chloride and the like; the general nutrient composition and the guaranteed values are shown in table 1.
Table 1: conventional nutrient content and guaranteed value of granular material
Figure BDA0002570887650000031
1.3 growth Performance testing
Lambs were scored 7:00 early daily for feed intake and weight was measured before morning feeding at the beginning (15 days of age) and end (40 days of age).
Average daily gain (g/d) ═ weight at end of test (g) -initial weight at start of test (g))/number of days tested (d)
Average daily feed intake (g)/average daily gain (g)
1.4 immunological and biochemical index detection
At 40 days of lamb age, two lambs (20) are taken from each group, blood is collected before morning feeding, serum is collected and stored in a refrigerator at 20 ℃, and immune indexes (IgG) and 18 biochemical indexes (UREA (UREA), Uric Acid (UA), Creatinine (CREA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Glucose (GLU), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Albumin (ALB), Total Protein (TP), white globe ratio (A/G), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) are detected by adopting a kit produced by Nanjing institute of Biotechnology (the specific method is referred to the instruction).
1.5 data analysis
The test data was collated using Excel 2010; the SPSS 21.0 software performs one-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons, and the results are expressed as "mean. + -. standard deviation".
2 results
2.1 Effect of different jube supplementary feeding times on lamb growth Performance
As can be seen from Table 2, the initial weight, the final weight, the average daily gain, the average daily feed intake, and the feed-weight ratio of the lambs were all not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the growth performance indexes of the lambs in group III were relatively better. Final body weight group III (11.78kg) was highest, group II (11.50kg), group I (11.45 kg); the average daily gain III group is highest and is 228.71g, and the average daily gain I group is lowest and is 202.62 g; the average daily food intake of the group I is the highest and is respectively 0.62g and 7.2g higher than that of the group II and the group III; the material weight ratio is lowest (0.24) in group III, second (0.27) in group II and highest (0.28) in group I. The results in table 2 show that, with the extension of the supplementary feeding time of the diaphragm, the average daily weight gain of the lambs is gradually increased, the feed-weight ratio is gradually reduced, but the average daily feed intake is reduced, namely, the cost for feeding the lambs is gradually reduced, and higher lamb terminal weight is obtained, so that the feeding cost can be obviously reduced, and the economic benefit of breeding is obviously improved.
Table 2: influence of the supplementary feeding time of the partition on the growth performance of the lambs
Figure BDA0002570887650000041
Note: the data in the same row shows significant difference (P < 0.05) by using different lower case letters on the shoulder marks, and does not show significant difference (P > 0.05) by using the same letters on the shoulder marks.
2.2 Effect of different jube supplementary feeding time on lamb blood immunity index and biochemical index
As can be seen from Table 3, the creatinine content in group II was significantly higher than that in group III (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group I and group III (P > 0.05). Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in group I than in groups II and III (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between groups II and III (P > 0.05). The albumin content in group III is obviously lower than that in group I and group II (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the group I and the group II is not obvious (P is more than 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between serum immunoglobulin G, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein, white to globular ratio, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum triglyceride is a product of fat metabolism and is a direct indication for reflecting the digestion and absorption state of fat, and biochemical index data show that compared with I group, II group and III group lambs, the digestion and absorption capacity of the lambs to fat is obviously improved.
Table 3: influence of the supplementary feeding time of the partition on the immune index and biochemical index of the lamb blood
Figure BDA0002570887650000051
Note: the data in the same row shows significant difference (P < 0.05) by using different lower case letters on the shoulder marks, and does not show significant difference (P > 0.05) by using the same letters on the shoulder marks.
2.3 Effect of different gavage times on lamb serum enzyme Activity
As can be seen from Table 4, the Creatine Kinase (CK) content in group II was the highest (122.33U/L), significantly higher than that in groups I (28U/L) and III (30U/L) (P < 0.05), and the difference between groups I and III was not significant (P > 0.05). The difference among the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, the alkaline phosphatase and the lactate dehydrogenase is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), wherein the content of the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase is the highest in the group II; alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were highest in group III, second in group II and lowest in group I. Creatine kinase is a muscle enzyme closely related to muscle damage, has the highest content in skeletal muscle, and is used as a main index for early diagnosis of myocardial damage due to higher sensitivity and specificity of myocardial and brain tissues. The high creatine kinase content in the serum of group II lambs indicates that the skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle functions of group I and group III lambs are superior to those of group II, which may be due to the fact that the lambs in group II are in the time transition period of the stalls and the body is in the regulation state.
Table 4: influence of the time of supplementary feeding at the partition on the activity of the lamb serum enzyme
Figure BDA0002570887650000061
Note: the data in the same row shows significant difference (P < 0.05) by using different lower case letters on the shoulder marks, and does not show significant difference (P > 0.05) by using the same letters on the shoulder marks.
In conclusion, the daily gain and the material weight ratio are main factors determining the economic benefit of mutton sheep production; the biochemical indexes of the blood can not only reflect the health condition of the lambs, but also reflect the metabolic condition of the bodies of the lambs, and simultaneously have certain reference values on the production performance and the adaptability. The lambs are gradually isolated from the mother body from the age of 15 days to the age of 40 days, and the growth performance is better along with the extension of the lambs in the barrier supplementary feeding time. When the stall time is transited from about 6 hours (morning: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18:30) to about 12 hours (time: 7:30-19:00), the average daily gain, the material-weight ratio and other related economic indexes are increased, and the biochemical indexes show that the digestion and absorption capacity of the lambs on fat is improved, so that the breeding benefit can be improved by adopting the weaning stall method of the III group of lambs when the lambs are weaned early.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A weaning fence method for lambs is characterized in that the lambs enter a fence period from 15 days after birth until 40 days after birth and are weaned at 41 days after birth; gradually prolonging the fence separating time of the lambs and the mother body every day in the fence separating period, and supplementing the lambs in the fence separating time;
the time of the daily lamb and the mother in the stall period is as follows:
the daily stall time of 15-19-day-old lambs is 5.5-6.5 h; the time period is morning: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18: 30;
the time of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is 7.5-8.5 hours; the time period is morning: 7:30-11:30, afternoon: 15:00-19: 00;
the daily stall time of 25-29-day-old lambs is 9.5-10.5 h; the time period is morning: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 11:00-18: 00;
the daily stall time of the lambs of 30-40 days old is 11.5-12.5 h; the time period is 7:30-19: 30.
2. A method of weaning lambs at a stall according to claim 1, wherein said supplementary feeding of lambs during the stall time comprises: the lamb can eat the granular feed freely.
3. A method of a weaning fence for lambs according to claim 2, wherein the main ingredients of said granular feed are corn, fermented bean-cypress, prebiotics, enzyme preparations, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acids, trace element premix, vitamin premix, choline chloride.
4. A method for separating weaning lambs from a hurdle as claimed in claim 3, wherein said granular material contains the following nutrients and contents: water content is less than or equal to 13.5%, crude protein is more than or equal to 21.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 11.0%, crude ash content is less than or equal to 10.0%, calcium: 0.5-1.4%, total phosphorus not less than 0.4%, salt: 1.1-1.4 percent of lysine and more than or equal to 1.5 percent of lysine.
5. A method for weaning a lamb according to any of claims 2-4, wherein said supplementary feeding of lambs during said stall time further comprises: free water drinking, salt brick licking and/or free silage or hay for the lambs.
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