CN111663815A - Tunnel type stereo garage under road and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel type stereo garage under road and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111663815A CN111663815A CN202010544692.1A CN202010544692A CN111663815A CN 111663815 A CN111663815 A CN 111663815A CN 202010544692 A CN202010544692 A CN 202010544692A CN 111663815 A CN111663815 A CN 111663815A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
- E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
- E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
- E04H6/12—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles
- E04H6/18—Garages for many vehicles with mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles with means for transport in vertical direction only or independently in vertical and horizontal directions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D13/00—Large underground chambers; Methods or apparatus for making them
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underground tunnel type stereo garage and a construction method thereof, which are characterized in that a stereo garage main body area is arranged below a road area and/or an adjacent road area and is formed by adopting an underground excavation construction mode, and the main body area is formed by communicating a plurality of step-by-step underground excavation spaces; arranging one or more parking units in the underground excavation space, wherein the parking units are communicated with the ground access area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; the lifting channel is independently built, or a vertical shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel is independently built, or a conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system and a matching system are arranged in the stereo garage; the exchange of the parking space and the vehicles in the entrance and exit areas is completed through the mechanical equipment system, the control system and the matching system via the connecting channel and the lifting channel; this stereo garage can reduce the negative effects to throughput and pedestrian when guaranteeing the convenience of parking in the way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical related field of building engineering and municipal engineering, in particular to an underground tunnel type stereo garage and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the quantity of automobile reserves is greatly increased, the number of the existing parking berths is difficult to meet the daily requirements, and the phenomena of difficult parking and disordered parking are caused.
From the perspective of a city manager, in-road parking is easy to implement, and the ready-made road space can be converted into available parking resources only by simple marking arrangement in a red line of a road, so that the effect of instant effect on relieving the parking requirement can be achieved. For motor vehicle owners, the in-road parking can greatly shorten the space-time distance for travelers to walk to the street-approaching destination after getting off, provide great convenience for short-time business traffic, catering and entertainment and delivery requirements, and simultaneously can reduce the invalid traffic volume generated by finding vacant parking lots.
However, the existing in-road parking form has a plurality of problems, lane clearance loss generated by in-road parking directly causes the loss of road traffic capacity, and irregularly parked vehicles easily form a bottleneck of a road section; parking spaces in some roads invade non-motor vehicles and walking spaces, block walking and riding routes, and enable the walking and riding routes to generate obstacle feeling and even enemy; the space in front of the bus stop station on a plurality of roads is occupied by the parking in the roads, so that the bus is inconvenient for passengers to get in and out of the station and passengers to get on and off; the stop in the road close to the intersection can shelter the sight of vehicles and pedestrians, and potential safety hazards are increased.
The reasonable development of the underground space can effectively solve the increasingly crowded phenomenon of urban traffic, and the parking garage built below the urban road can make full use of the space below the road, thereby providing a new idea for solving the problem of difficulty in parking in the city. However, roads are mainly used for traffic functions and peripheral service functions, traffic flow and pedestrian flow are large, most roads are perfect municipal engineering, and the traditional open excavation method, cover excavation forward method and cover excavation reverse method are adopted to break the road surface in a large area, so that the peripheral environment is greatly influenced, and resource waste is serious.
The underground excavation construction method has certain application in the projects of crossing municipal roads with busy traffic, urban expressways, rivers and the like, has small influence on the ground, and has become possible to build a parking garage by using a space formed by underground excavation construction along with the increasingly perfect underground excavation construction technology, the emergence of underground excavation with large sections and irregular sections. However, in the existing underground excavation construction, a vertical shaft structure is firstly built, if a parking garage is built in an underground excavation construction in a space under a road, the vertical shaft structure needs to be arranged in a road area, although a road surface is locally damaged, for a road with a narrow width, the construction of the vertical shaft structure seriously affects the traffic capacity, even an open circuit is needed for guiding, and the traveling of residents is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an underground tunnel type stereo garage, which can reduce the negative effects on traffic capacity and pedestrians while ensuring the convenience of parking in roads; in addition, the invention also provides a method for constructing the tunnel type stereo garage under the road, which has high mechanical automation degree, has small influence on the existing road structure and the surrounding environment, and has small influence on the road traffic capacity during construction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an underground tunnel type stereo garage is characterized in that a stereo garage main body area is arranged below a road area and/or an adjacent road area, the stereo garage main body area is formed in a subsurface excavation construction mode, and the stereo garage main body area is formed by communicating a plurality of step-by-step subsurface excavation spaces; arranging one or more parking units in the underground excavated space, wherein a carrying channel and a parking layer made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in each parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; or the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through a lifting channel; the lifting channel is independently built, or a vertical shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel is independently constructed, or a conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system and a matching system are arranged in the entrance area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel and the parking unit; and the mechanical equipment system, the control system and the matching system complete the exchange of the parking space and the vehicles in the entrance and exit areas through the connecting channel and the lifting channel.
Optionally, a buffer parking space is arranged in the lifting channel, vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area are preferentially conveyed to the buffer parking space through the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel during the parking peak period, and vehicles parked in the buffer parking space are parked to the parking unit through mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel; after the buffer parking space is full or in the non-parking peak period, vehicles parked in the entrance area are directly conveyed to the parking unit through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel; and (3) in the vehicle taking peak time period and/or before the vehicle taking peak time period comes, vehicles in the parking units are parked to the buffer parking spaces randomly or preferentially according to the reservation instruction through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel, and the vehicles on the buffer parking spaces are handed over to the entrance area after the vehicle taking instruction is obtained.
Optionally, a vertical circulation type stereo garage device, a vertical lifting type stereo garage device, a vertical moving type stereo garage device or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device is arranged in the lifting channel, and the buffer parking space is a parking space provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical moving type or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device.
Optionally, a method for constructing the underground tunnel type stereo garage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, building a vertical shaft structure, building the vertical shaft structure in a road area and/or an adjacent road area, combining one or more modes of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel plate piles, secant piles, piles in an SMW construction method and an inverted well wall to serve as a supporting structure outside the vertical shaft structure, and manufacturing the vertical shaft structure by adopting a cast-in-place concrete structure or a precast concrete structure; when the construction method of the open caisson or the underground continuous wall is adopted, the open caisson structure or the underground continuous wall structure is used as a supporting structure outside the vertical shaft structure or is used as a supporting structure and a permanent vertical shaft structure; the vertical shaft structure is a vertical channel for allowing underground excavation construction equipment to enter an underground construction area; the well depth of the vertical shaft structure is greater than the buried depth of a designed top plate of the underground stereo garage;
step two, building a conversion channel, wherein the conversion channel can expand the construction space dug in the dark, and the expansion from a vertical shaft is changed into the expansion from the conversion channel, and then the expansion is carried out, and the conversion channel construction comprises the following main steps:
the method comprises the steps that a row of advanced support structures are arranged on a well wall of a vertical shaft structure close to a road in a driving mode and used for supporting soil bodies on the upper portions of the advanced support structures, the well wall structure below the advanced support structures is broken, conversion channel soil body excavation and conversion channel primary lining structure construction are conducted, when the length of the remaining soil of the advanced support structures in a conversion channel is less than 2m, the row of advanced support structures are arranged in a lap joint mode again and circularly move forward until the conversion channel exceeds the designed side wall, away from the vertical shaft structure, of a stereo garage under a road;
step three, constructing the garage main body area, comprising the following steps:
a) positioning and paying off are carried out on the side wall of the conversion channel, and a top marking height line of a design top plate of the off-road stereo garage and outer side lines of the design side walls on two sides of the off-road stereo garage are marked;
b) drilling a row of advanced support structures perpendicular to the direction of the conversion channel at the positions of the design side walls at two sides of the under-road stereo garage marked by the conversion channel, breaking the side walls of the conversion channel under the advanced support structures, and performing pilot tunnel soil excavation and pilot tunnel primary lining structure construction; when the length of the forepoling structure in the pilot tunnel is less than 2m in the residual soil, overlapping and driving a row of forepoling structures again, circularly advancing until the pilot tunnel exceeds the designed side wall of the stereo garage 1m-2m under the way, and embedding a permanent structure connecting node at the top of the pilot tunnel during the construction of a primary lining structure to provide a connecting foundation for a subsequent permanent structure;
c) after the construction of the guide tunnels at the two sides of the off-road stereo garage is completed, constructing support piles and water stop structures in the guide tunnels, wherein the support piles and the water stop structures are positioned on the outer edge of the designed side wall of the off-road stereo garage, and the support piles penetrate into the position below the bottom of the off-road stereo garage to be constructed, are used as support structures in the construction process of the off-road stereo garage and provide support functions for the construction process of the off-road stereo garage and the main structure of the off-road stereo garage;
d) constructing a pile top crown beam on the top of a support pile in the pilot tunnel, constructing a waterproof structure and a permanent top plate structure of the stereo garage under a road between the pile top crown beam and the top of the pilot tunnel, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent top plate structure are tightly attached to a pilot tunnel primary lining structure, one end of the waterproof structure is embedded into the pile top crown beam, and the other end of the waterproof structure is connected with a connecting node embedded in the pilot tunnel;
e) positioning and paying off the area between the pilot tunnels on the two sides in the conversion channel, drilling a row of advanced support structures vertical to the direction of the conversion channel, breaking the side wall of the conversion channel under the advanced support structures, excavating soil bodies between the pilot tunnels and constructing a primary lining structure, when the length of the remaining soil in the advanced support structures between the pilot tunnels is less than 2m, re-lapping and drilling the row of advanced support structures, and circularly advancing until the length of the advanced support structures is the same as that of the pilot tunnels on the two sides;
f) when the designed side wall span at two sides of the underground stereo garage is large, a middle pilot tunnel is added between the side walls, the construction step of the middle pilot tunnel is the same as that of the pilot tunnels at two sides, and an engineering pile is arranged in the middle pilot tunnel to bear the upper load;
g) constructing a stereo garage waterproof structure and a permanent top plate structure under a road between pilot tunnels, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent top plate structure are connected with connecting nodes pre-buried in the pilot tunnels on two sides;
h) excavating the soil body downwards to the elevation of the bottom plate of the underground stereo garage in a segmented symmetrical mode, and breaking the residual pilot tunnel primary lining structure in the excavating process; arranging a tie net and spraying concrete among the supporting piles along with the exposure of the supporting piles, arranging a waterproof layer on the surfaces of the supporting piles, supporting a formwork on one side, and pouring a wall structure of the underground stereo garage;
i) excavating a soil body to 0.2m below the elevation of the bottom plate of the stereo garage, pouring a concrete cushion layer, paving a waterproof layer, and pouring a stereo garage bottom plate structure under a road to form a closed structural space;
step four, constructing a stereo garage structure, wherein a vertical shaft structure in the construction process is used as a lifting channel of the stereo garage, and the top of the lifting channel and the corresponding ground position are set as an entrance area and an exit area of the stereo garage; all or part of the conversion channel in the construction process is used as a connecting channel of the stereo garage; taking the garage main body area and part of the conversion channel as parking units, arranging a carrying channel and a parking layer made of a concrete structure or a steel structure in the garage main body area and part of the conversion channel, and arranging the parking layer into one layer or multiple layers;
and fifthly, installing a mechanical equipment system and a control system of the stereo garage, and installing the mechanical equipment system, the control system and a matching system of the stereo garage in the constructed exit and entrance area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel and the parking unit of the stereo garage.
Optionally, the advanced support structure is a small advanced duct and/or a large advanced duct structure, and when the quality of soil on the upper portion of the advanced support structure is poor, the soil is reinforced by pre-grouting in advance through the advanced support structure into the soil.
Optionally, a waterproof curtain can be arranged outside the supporting structure of the shaft structure according to the situation of an aquifer in the stratum.
Optionally, the supporting piles and the water stop structures constructed in the pilot tunnel are limited by the size of the pilot tunnel, and therefore small-sized equipment is adopted for subsection construction; when the ground has construction conditions, the supporting piles and the water stop structures are constructed at the ground position but excavation of earth is not carried out.
Optionally, when the stereo garage has a large span, a plurality of guide holes are arranged in the conversion channel, and a permanent top plate structure of the stereo garage is constructed among the guide holes and the guide holes.
Optionally, the single shaft structure may serve one or more conversion channels, and holes may be made in one or more sides of the shaft structure to construct the conversion channels.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the stereo garage main body area is arranged below a road area and/or an adjacent road area, is formed by adopting a subsurface excavation construction mode and is formed by communicating a plurality of step-by-step subsurface excavation spaces; one or more parking units are arranged in the underground excavated space, a carrying channel and a parking layer made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in each parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; or the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through the lifting channel; the lifting channel is independently built, or a vertical shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel is independently constructed, or a conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system and a matching system are arranged in the entrance area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel and the parking unit; the mechanical equipment system, the control system and the matching system complete the exchange of parking spaces and vehicles in the entrance and exit areas through the connecting channel and the lifting channel; the stereo garage is improved and built on the existing underground excavation technology, the influence on the existing road structure and the surrounding environment is small, the influence on the road traffic capacity is small during construction, and the negative influence on the traffic capacity and pedestrians is reduced while the convenience of parking in the road is guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view (independent parking unit) of a relative position between an underground tunnel type stereo garage and surrounding roads in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a front view (double independent parking units) of the relative position between an underground tunnel type stereo garage and surrounding roads in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of an underground tunnel type stereo garage (construction of a shaft structure) according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of an underground tunnel type stereo garage (conversion channel construction) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of an underground tunnel type stereo garage (main body area construction) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a top view of an underground tunnel type stereo garage (parking equipment installation) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a sectional view of a construction stage of an underground tunnel type stereo garage according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a step diagram of construction of an underground tunnel type stereo garage according to the embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
(1) a body region; (2) a parking unit; (3) a carrying channel; (4) a parking layer; (5) a parking space; (6) a connecting channel; (7) a lifting channel; (8) an entrance area; (9) a shaft structure; (10) converting a channel; (11) caching parking spaces; (12) a forepoling structure; (13) a primary lining structure; (14) connecting the nodes; (15) guiding a hole; (16) supporting piles; (17) a water stopping structure; (18) pile top crown beam; (19) a waterproof structure; (20) a permanent roof structure; (21) a wall structure; (22) a garage floor.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, the tunnel type stereo garage under the road is characterized in that a stereo garage main body area (1) is arranged below a road area and/or an adjacent road area, the stereo garage main body area (1) is formed in a subsurface excavation construction mode, and the stereo garage main body area (1) is formed by communicating a plurality of step-by-step subsurface excavation spaces; one or more parking units (2) are arranged in the underground excavated space, a carrying channel (3) and a parking layer (4) made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in each parking unit (2), and parking spaces (5) are arranged on each parking layer (4); the parking unit (2) is communicated with a ground access area (8) through a connecting channel (6) and a lifting channel (7); or the parking unit (2) is communicated with a ground access area (8) through a lifting channel (7); the lifting channel (7) is independently built or a vertical shaft structure (9) in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel (6) is independently constructed or a conversion channel (10) in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system and a matching system are arranged in the entrance area (8), the lifting channel (7), the connecting channel (6) and the parking unit (2); the mechanical equipment system, the control system and the matching system complete the exchange of the parking space (5) and the vehicles in the entrance area (8) through the connecting channel (6) and the lifting channel (7).
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a buffer parking space (11) is provided in the lifting channel (7), vehicles parked in the entrance/exit area (8) are preferentially transported to the buffer parking space (11) through the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel (7) during a parking peak period, and vehicles parked in the buffer parking space (11) are then parked in the parking unit (2) through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel (6); after the buffer parking space (11) is full or in the non-parking peak period, vehicles parked in the entrance area (8) are directly conveyed to the parking unit (2) through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel (6); and (3) vehicles in the parking unit (2) are parked to the buffer parking space (11) randomly or preferentially according to an appointment instruction through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel (6) before the peak time of taking the vehicle and/or the peak time of taking the vehicle comes, and the vehicles in the buffer parking space (11) are handed over to the entrance area (8) after the vehicle taking instruction is obtained.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a vertical circulation type stereo garage device, a vertical lifting type stereo garage device, a vertical moving type stereo garage device, or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device is arranged in the lifting channel (7), and the buffer parking space (11) is a parking space (5) provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical moving type or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a method for constructing the underground tunnel type stereo garage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, building a vertical shaft structure (9), building the vertical shaft structure (9) in a road area and/or an adjacent road area, combining one or more modes of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel plate piles, secant piles, SMW construction method piles and inverted well walls to serve as a supporting structure outside the vertical shaft structure (9), and manufacturing the vertical shaft structure (9) by adopting a cast-in-place concrete structure or a precast concrete structure; when the construction method of the open caisson or the underground continuous wall is adopted, the open caisson structure or the underground continuous wall structure is used as a supporting structure at the outer side of the vertical shaft structure (9) or is used as both the supporting structure and the permanent vertical shaft structure (9); the vertical shaft structure (9) is a vertical channel for underground excavation construction equipment to enter an underground construction area; the well depth of the vertical shaft structure (9) is larger than the buried depth of the design top plate of the underground stereo garage.
Step two, building a conversion channel (10), wherein the conversion channel (10) can expand the construction space of the underground excavation, the expansion from the vertical shaft is changed into the expansion from the conversion channel (10) and then the expansion is carried out, and the construction of the conversion channel (10) comprises the following main steps:
the method comprises the steps that a row of advanced support structures (12) are arranged on a well wall of a vertical shaft structure (9) close to a road and used for supporting soil bodies on the upper portions of the advanced support structures (12), the well wall structure below the advanced support structures (12) is broken, soil body excavation of a conversion channel (10) and construction of a primary lining structure (13) of the conversion channel (10) are carried out, when the length of the remaining soil of the advanced support structures (12) in the conversion channel (10) is less than 2m, the row of advanced support structures (12) are arranged in a lap joint mode again and advance circularly until the conversion channel (10) exceeds the designed side wall, away from the vertical shaft structure (9), of a stereo garage under the road by 1 m-2;
step three, constructing a garage main body area (1), comprising the following steps:
a) positioning and paying off are carried out on the side wall of the conversion channel (10), and a top marking line of a design top plate of the off-road stereo garage and outer side lines of the design side walls on two sides of the off-road stereo garage are marked;
b) drilling a row of forepoling structures (12) vertical to the direction of the conversion channel (10) at the positions of the designed side walls at two sides of the underground stereo garage marked by the conversion channel (10), breaking the side walls of the conversion channel (10) under the forepoling structures (12), and performing soil body excavation of a pilot tunnel (15) and construction of a primary lining structure (13) of the pilot tunnel (15); when the length of the forepoling structure (12) in the pilot tunnel (15) in the residual soil is less than 2m, overlapping and constructing a row of forepoling structures (12) again, circularly advancing until the pilot tunnel (15) exceeds the design side wall of the underground stereo garage by 1m-2m, and embedding a permanent structure connecting node (14) at the top of the pilot tunnel (15) during the structural construction of the primary lining structure (13) to provide a connecting foundation for a subsequent permanent structure;
c) after the construction of the pilot tunnels (15) at the two sides of the underground stereo garage is completed, the supporting piles (16) and the water stop structures are constructed in the pilot tunnels (15), the supporting piles (16) and the water stop structures (17) are positioned on the outer edges of the designed side walls of the underground stereo garage, and the supporting piles (16) penetrate into the position below the bottom of the underground stereo garage to be constructed and serve as supporting structures in the construction process of the underground stereo garage to provide supporting functions for the construction process of the underground stereo garage and the main structure of the underground stereo garage;
d) constructing a pile top crown beam (18) at the top of a support pile (16) in the pilot tunnel (15), constructing a waterproof structure (19) and a permanent top plate structure (20) of the stereo garage under a construction path between the pile top crown beam (18) and the top of the pilot tunnel (15), wherein the waterproof structure (19) and the permanent top plate structure (20) are tightly attached to a primary lining structure (13) of the pilot tunnel (15), one end of the waterproof structure (19) and one end of the permanent top plate structure (20) are embedded into the pile top crown beam (18), and the other end of the waterproof structure (19) and the other end of the permanent top plate structure are connected with a connecting node (;
e) positioning and paying off the area between the pilot tunnels (15) at two sides in the conversion channel (10), driving a row of advanced support structures (12) vertical to the direction of the conversion channel (10), breaking the side walls of the conversion channel (10) under the advanced support structures (12), excavating soil bodies between the pilot tunnels (15) and constructing a primary lining structure (13), when the length of the residual soil in the advanced support structures (12) between the pilot tunnels (15) is less than 2m, driving a row of advanced support structures (12) in a lap joint mode again, and circularly advancing until the length of the advanced support structures is the same as that of the pilot tunnels (15) at two sides;
f) when the designed side wall span at two sides of the underground stereo garage is large, a middle pilot tunnel is added between the side walls, the construction step of the middle pilot tunnel is the same as that of the pilot tunnels (15) at two sides, and an engineering pile is arranged in the middle pilot tunnel to bear the upper load;
g) constructing a stereo garage waterproof structure (19) and a permanent top plate structure (20) under a road between the pilot holes (15), wherein the waterproof structure (19) and the permanent top plate structure (20) are connected with connecting nodes (14) pre-buried in the pilot holes (15) at two sides;
h) excavating the soil body downwards to the elevation of a bottom plate (22) of the underground stereo garage in a sectional symmetrical mode, and removing a primary lining structure (13) of the residual pilot tunnel (15) in the excavating process; arranging a tie net among the support piles (16) along with the exposure of the support piles (16) and spraying concrete, arranging a waterproof layer on the surface of the support piles (16), erecting a formwork on one side, and pouring an off-road stereo garage wall structure (21);
i) excavating a soil body to 0.2m below the bottom elevation of the stereo garage bottom plate (22), pouring a concrete cushion layer, paving a waterproof layer, and pouring a structure of the stereo garage bottom plate (22) under a road to form a closed structural space;
step four, constructing a stereo garage structure, namely using a vertical shaft structure (9) in the construction process as a lifting channel (7) of the stereo garage, and setting the top of the lifting channel (7) and the corresponding ground position as an access area (8) of the stereo garage; the whole or part of the conversion channel (10) in the construction process is used as a connecting channel (6) of the stereo garage; the method comprises the following steps that a garage main body area (1) and a part of conversion channels (10) are used as parking units (2), a carrying channel (3) and a parking layer (4) made of a concrete structure or a steel structure are arranged in the garage main body area (1) and the part of conversion channels (10), and the parking layer (4) is arranged into one layer or multiple layers;
and fifthly, installing a mechanical equipment system and a control system of the stereo garage, and installing the mechanical equipment system, the control system and a matching system of the stereo garage in the constructed entrance and exit area (8), the lifting channel (7), the connecting channel (6) and the parking unit (2) of the stereo garage.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the advanced supporting structure (12) is an advanced small conduit and/or an advanced large pipe shed structure, and when the soil mass on the upper part of the advanced supporting structure (12) is poor in quality, the advanced supporting structure (12) is used for pre-grouting into the soil mass in advance to reinforce the soil mass.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a waterproof curtain can be further arranged outside the supporting structure of the shaft structure (9) according to the situation of an aquifer in the stratum.
In the embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the support piles (16) and the water stop structures (17) constructed in the pilot tunnel (15) are constructed in sections by adopting small-sized equipment due to the limitation of the size of the pilot tunnel (15); when the ground has construction conditions, the supporting piles (16) and the water stopping structures (17) are constructed at the ground position but earth excavation is not carried out.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, when the stereo garage has a large span, a plurality of guide holes (15) are arranged in the conversion channel (10), and a permanent roof structure of the stereo garage is constructed between the plurality of guide holes (15) and the guide holes (15).
In this embodiment, as an alternative, the single shaft structure (9) can serve one or more switching channels (10), and holes are made in the shaft structure (9) on one or more sides to build the switching channels (10).
Claims (9)
1. An underground tunnel type stereo garage is characterized in that a stereo garage main body area is arranged below a road area and/or an adjacent road area, the stereo garage main body area is formed in a subsurface excavation construction mode, and the stereo garage main body area is formed by communicating a plurality of step-by-step subsurface excavation spaces; arranging one or more parking units in the underground excavated space, wherein a carrying channel and a parking layer made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in each parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; or the parking unit is communicated with the ground access area through a lifting channel; the lifting channel is independently built, or a vertical shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel is independently constructed, or a conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system and a matching system are arranged in the entrance area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel and the parking unit; and the mechanical equipment system, the control system and the matching system complete the exchange of the parking space and the vehicles in the entrance and exit areas through the connecting channel and the lifting channel.
2. The underground tunnel type stereo garage of claim 1, wherein a buffer parking space is provided in the lifting channel, vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area are preferentially transported to the buffer parking space through the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel during the peak time of parking, and vehicles parked in the buffer parking space are parked to the parking unit through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel; after the buffer parking space is full or in the non-parking peak period, vehicles parked in the entrance area are directly conveyed to the parking unit through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel; and (3) in the vehicle taking peak time period and/or before the vehicle taking peak time period comes, vehicles in the parking units are parked to the buffer parking spaces randomly or preferentially according to the reservation instruction through the mutual cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel, and the vehicles on the buffer parking spaces are handed over to the entrance area after the vehicle taking instruction is obtained.
3. The off-road tunnel-type stereo garage according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a vertical circulation type stereo garage device, a vertical lifting type stereo garage device, a vertical moving type stereo garage device or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device is arranged in the lifting passage, and the buffer parking space is a parking space provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical moving type or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage device.
4. A method for constructing the off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, building a vertical shaft structure, building the vertical shaft structure in a road area and/or an adjacent road area, combining one or more modes of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel plate piles, secant piles, piles in an SMW construction method and an inverted well wall to serve as a supporting structure outside the vertical shaft structure, and manufacturing the vertical shaft structure by adopting a cast-in-place concrete structure or a precast concrete structure; when the construction method of the open caisson or the underground continuous wall is adopted, the open caisson structure or the underground continuous wall structure is used as a supporting structure outside the vertical shaft structure or is used as a supporting structure and a permanent vertical shaft structure; the vertical shaft structure is a vertical channel for allowing underground excavation construction equipment to enter an underground construction area; the well depth of the vertical shaft structure is greater than the buried depth of a designed top plate of the underground stereo garage;
step two, building a conversion channel, wherein the conversion channel can expand the construction space dug in the dark, and the expansion from a vertical shaft is changed into the expansion from the conversion channel, and then the expansion is carried out, and the conversion channel construction comprises the following main steps:
the method comprises the steps that a row of advanced support structures are arranged on a well wall of a vertical shaft structure close to a road in a driving mode and used for supporting soil bodies on the upper portions of the advanced support structures, the well wall structure below the advanced support structures is broken, conversion channel soil body excavation and conversion channel primary lining structure construction are conducted, when the length of the remaining soil of the advanced support structures in a conversion channel is less than 2m, the row of advanced support structures are arranged in a lap joint mode again and circularly move forward until the conversion channel exceeds the designed side wall, away from the vertical shaft structure, of a stereo garage under a road;
step three, constructing the garage main body area, comprising the following steps:
a) positioning and paying off are carried out on the side wall of the conversion channel, and a top marking height line of a design top plate of the off-road stereo garage and outer side lines of the design side walls on two sides of the off-road stereo garage are marked;
b) drilling a row of advanced support structures perpendicular to the direction of the conversion channel at the positions of the design side walls at two sides of the under-road stereo garage marked by the conversion channel, breaking the side walls of the conversion channel under the advanced support structures, and performing pilot tunnel soil excavation and pilot tunnel primary lining structure construction; when the length of the forepoling structure in the pilot tunnel is less than 2m in the residual soil, overlapping and driving a row of forepoling structures again, circularly advancing until the pilot tunnel exceeds the designed side wall of the stereo garage 1m-2m under the way, and embedding a permanent structure connecting node at the top of the pilot tunnel during the construction of a primary lining structure to provide a connecting foundation for a subsequent permanent structure;
c) after the construction of the guide tunnels at the two sides of the off-road stereo garage is completed, constructing support piles and water stop structures in the guide tunnels, wherein the support piles and the water stop structures are positioned on the outer edge of the designed side wall of the off-road stereo garage, and the support piles penetrate into the position below the bottom of the off-road stereo garage to be constructed, are used as support structures in the construction process of the off-road stereo garage and provide support functions for the construction process of the off-road stereo garage and the main structure of the off-road stereo garage;
d) constructing a pile top crown beam on the top of a support pile in the pilot tunnel, constructing a waterproof structure and a permanent top plate structure of the stereo garage under a road between the pile top crown beam and the top of the pilot tunnel, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent top plate structure are tightly attached to a pilot tunnel primary lining structure, one end of the waterproof structure is embedded into the pile top crown beam, and the other end of the waterproof structure is connected with a connecting node embedded in the pilot tunnel;
e) positioning and paying off the area between the pilot tunnels on the two sides in the conversion channel, drilling a row of advanced support structures vertical to the direction of the conversion channel, breaking the side wall of the conversion channel under the advanced support structures, excavating soil bodies between the pilot tunnels and constructing a primary lining structure, when the length of the remaining soil in the advanced support structures between the pilot tunnels is less than 2m, re-lapping and drilling the row of advanced support structures, and circularly advancing until the length of the advanced support structures is the same as that of the pilot tunnels on the two sides;
f) when the designed side wall span at two sides of the underground stereo garage is large, a middle pilot tunnel is added between the side walls, the construction step of the middle pilot tunnel is the same as that of the pilot tunnels at two sides, and an engineering pile is arranged in the middle pilot tunnel to bear the upper load;
g) constructing a stereo garage waterproof structure and a permanent top plate structure under a road between pilot tunnels, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent top plate structure are connected with connecting nodes pre-buried in the pilot tunnels on two sides;
h) excavating the soil body downwards to the elevation of the bottom plate of the underground stereo garage in a segmented symmetrical mode, and breaking the residual pilot tunnel primary lining structure in the excavating process; arranging a tie net and spraying concrete among the supporting piles along with the exposure of the supporting piles, arranging a waterproof layer on the surfaces of the supporting piles, supporting a formwork on one side, and pouring a wall structure of the underground stereo garage;
i) excavating a soil body to 0.2m below the elevation of the bottom plate of the stereo garage, pouring a concrete cushion layer, paving a waterproof layer, and pouring a stereo garage bottom plate structure under a road to form a closed structural space;
step four, constructing a stereo garage structure, wherein a vertical shaft structure in the construction process is used as a lifting channel of the stereo garage, and the top of the lifting channel and the corresponding ground position are set as an entrance area and an exit area of the stereo garage; all or part of the conversion channel in the construction process is used as a connecting channel of the stereo garage; taking the garage main body area and part of the conversion channel as parking units, arranging a carrying channel and a parking layer made of a concrete structure or a steel structure in the garage main body area and part of the conversion channel, and arranging the parking layer into one layer or multiple layers;
and fifthly, installing a mechanical equipment system and a control system of the stereo garage, and installing the mechanical equipment system, the control system and a matching system of the stereo garage in the constructed exit and entrance area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel and the parking unit of the stereo garage.
5. The method for constructing an off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 4, wherein: the advanced support structure is an advanced small conduit and/or an advanced large pipe shed structure, and when the quality of soil on the upper part of the advanced support structure is poor, the soil is reinforced by advanced pre-grouting into the soil through the advanced support structure.
6. The method for constructing an off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 4, wherein: and a waterproof curtain can be arranged outside the supporting structure of the vertical shaft structure according to the aquifer condition in the stratum.
7. The method for constructing an off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 4, wherein: the supporting piles and the water stop structures constructed in the pilot tunnel are limited by the size of the pilot tunnel, and the small-sized equipment is adopted for subsection construction; when the ground has construction conditions, the supporting piles and the water stop structures are constructed at the ground position but excavation of earth is not carried out.
8. The method for constructing an off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 4, wherein: when the span of the stereo garage is large, a plurality of guide holes are arranged in the conversion channel, and a permanent top plate structure of the stereo garage is constructed among the guide holes and the guide holes.
9. The method for constructing an off-road tunnel stereo garage of claim 4, wherein: the single vertical shaft structure can serve one or more conversion channels, holes are formed in one side or multiple sides in the vertical shaft structure, and the conversion channels are built.
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| CN202010544692.1A CN111663815A (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2020-06-15 | Tunnel type stereo garage under road and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112359868A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Underground passage construction method closely attached to existing underground structure |
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2020
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112359868A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Underground passage construction method closely attached to existing underground structure |
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