WO2013063862A1 - Ultimate structural method - Google Patents

Ultimate structural method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013063862A1
WO2013063862A1 PCT/CN2012/001431 CN2012001431W WO2013063862A1 WO 2013063862 A1 WO2013063862 A1 WO 2013063862A1 CN 2012001431 W CN2012001431 W CN 2012001431W WO 2013063862 A1 WO2013063862 A1 WO 2013063862A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support
construction
construction method
supporting
sinking
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2012/001431
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
彭高培
彭红
Original Assignee
Peng Gaopei
Peng Hong
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Application filed by Peng Gaopei, Peng Hong filed Critical Peng Gaopei
Publication of WO2013063862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013063862A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02—Foundation pits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of development and utilization of underground space resources.
  • the existing underground space development and utilization model is "geotechnology ⁇ underground space ⁇ subway" mode, which is interpreted as: the use of geotechnical engineering theory to develop underground space, the purpose is to establish subway traffic.
  • the existing model has unsafe construction: it cannot realize the undergroundization of automobiles, establish three-dimensional traffic in the city, and has many defects such as low resource utilization. Simply building a subway will not help the city's traffic flow.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention a structural ultimate method, which has two kinds of linear structure ultimate method and point block structure final method, the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of resource development and resource utilization, resource development substructure and construction
  • the structure has three kinds of self-supporting structure, public tunnel and auxiliary structure.
  • the self-supporting structure consists of supporting structure, underpinning structure and supporting knot. Structure and anti-long structure; construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil construction and survey construction techniques.
  • the structure and construction are carried out according to the current specifications.
  • the project is not controlled by geological characteristics, and has nothing to do with geotechnical theory.
  • Three loads are applied to the load, horizontal load and uplift load.
  • the vertical load is carried by the support structure and the underpinning structure.
  • the support structure is composed of the support column, and the horizontal load support structure is carried.
  • the support structure is composed of the support structure and the top support structure.
  • the uplift load is carried by the anti-long structure, the anti-long structure is the virtual floor anti-lobe, the resource utilization is divided and the mode, the use is high ground, municipal facilities, general construction three kinds, the ground height is from non-machine platform, ground interchange, ground height Interchange and interchange public transport, the model is a public tunnel, comprehensive and one-time development of its resources, the construction method has two kinds of self-supporting construction method and auxiliary structure construction method, and the point-block structure ultimate method has a circular structure.
  • Both the method and the non-circular combination method, the circular structure method consists of a circular support structure and a virtual bottom plate
  • the combination method consists of a structural method and an island method.
  • the self-supporting structure of the linear structure ultimate method comprises a support structure, a support structure, a support structure and an anti-long structure, and the support structure is composed of a support structure and a top support structure.
  • the enclosure structure of the linear structure ultimate method is a beam and slab enclosure structure, and the structure has an arch slab beam structure and a slab beam slab structure, and the arch slab and slab retaining structure is composed of a vertical beam and an arch slab Composition, the slab beam and slab retaining structure is composed of vertical beams and flat plates, and the structure has a continuous wall, a supporting sinking hole, and an impact supporting flat beam plate structure.
  • the top structure of the linear structure ultimate method has two types: a lateral top support structure and a longitudinal top support structure, and the transverse top support has a girder top support structure, an impact top support structure, and a support sinking top support structure.
  • the bottom beam struts of the girders of the girders are composed of a slab reinforcement structure, a slab girder structure, a sloping beam ⁇ -shaped structure, a sinking beam working channel and a trough, and a countersunk beam is placed at both ends of the girder
  • the channel, the working channel of the girder beam is the earthwork of the girder and the construction channel.
  • the girder strut structure has two kinds of integral girder strut structure and combined girder strut structure.
  • the combined girder strut structure is supported by the partial girder and the top
  • the long-sinking beam is composed of the top support, and the impact-supporting structure has two types: the sectional impact strut structure and the overall impact strut structure.
  • the longitudinal structure has three kinds of top support, tie rod and vertical reinforcement of the shaft.
  • the anti-lobe structure of the linear structure ultimate method has two structures: a support anti-lobe structure and a virtual bottom plate anti-lobe, and the support anti-lobe structure has an inverted cantilever support anti-long structure and a simple support anti-long structure II.
  • the cantilever support structure below the structural floor is called the inverted cantilever support anti-long structure
  • the simple support and anti-long structure is made up of the bottom support and the anti-augment support support anti-long structure.
  • the anti-long structure and measures of the building are anti-long structure, and the anti-long structure has two kinds of anti-deep structure, anti-lobe structure and anti-lobe structure.
  • the auxiliary structure of the structural ultimate method comprises five types: a sinking caisson, a support sinking well, an isolated digging pile, an impact supporting structure, a supporting support system, and the like;
  • the sinking abutment is composed of a well sinking well and a supporting support system.
  • the sinking well is composed of a sinking reinforcement structure, a sinking well structure, a sinking whole structure, and a recessed groove;
  • the studio, the base, and the reverse shaft are three levels.
  • the studio has two chambers and two diverted holes and three chambers.
  • the two-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer studio and a safety studio.
  • the digging pile consists of a soil transfer workshop and two safety studios; a safety retainer is set between the soil transfer studio and the safety studio, and the base is a "one-time" guide frame with the guide rod as the core, and the shaft is reversed.
  • the shaft is composed of a guide rod as the core to form a vertical "one-word” guide frame.
  • the "one-word" guide frame of the shaft and the "one-word” guide frame of the base are concentric structures.
  • the former is a static guide frame, and the latter is a dynamic guide frame.
  • the guide frame slides down along the former;
  • the impact support structure has three levels of impact forming, supporting structure and structural form,
  • the supporting structure is the supporting support system;
  • the supporting support system is supported by the jack, horizontal support It is composed of support top support and has two functions of support and support.
  • the self-supporting structural construction method of the linear structure ultimate method has a support structure construction method and a support structure Construction method, supporting structure construction method, anti-long structure construction method, supporting structure construction method, construction method of retaining structure and construction method of top support structure.
  • the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the linear structure ultimate method includes two methods of supporting the sinking well and the supporting structure of the supporting beam and slab retaining structure, and the supporting method for supporting the sinking beam and slab retaining structure It is divided into three steps: 1. Construction vertical beam (hole); 2.
  • Enclosure structure (wall panel) Adopting the support sinking construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the vertical beam (hole), and the ground is directly transported, and the structure is constructed by reverse engineering; 3, construction vertical beam structure; impact support beam plate retaining structure construction method is divided into three steps: 1, the use of continuous wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate), 2 using impact support construction flat retaining structure (laying Supporting support system) 3, using the reverse method to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam constitutes the impact support flat beam plate structure.
  • the top structure structure method of the linear structure ultimate method is divided into two types: a lateral jacking construction and a longitudinal jacking construction
  • the transverse jacking construction has two methods: a sinker beam supporting method and an impact jacking construction method.
  • the beam top bracing construction method has two types: integral girder strut construction method and combined girder strut construction method, longitudinal bracing construction with top bracing construction method; vertical longitudinal reinforcement construction method; drawbar construction method.
  • the method for constructing the girder strut by the linear structure ultimate method includes a combined girder strut construction method and an integral girder strut construction method.
  • Combined girder strut construction method is divided into partial girder strut construction method, sinking support construction method, sinking construction method, rectification construction method and extensional girder top support construction method, local girder top support construction process: By sinking the top seat, the partial hydraulic beam base of the jack is supported by the top beam, and the partial top beam of the plate sinks to the ground.
  • the partial girder support on the plate is in place, and the partial girder support of the base is in place; the sinking support
  • the construction method adopts the support and support system construction method, which consists of the base girder struts, the plate girder struts, and the support and support system.
  • the sinking construction method there are two types of foundation sinking measures and plate sinking measures.
  • the plate sinking measures are steel pipe top bracing;
  • Correction construction method ⁇ -shaped horizontal rods are used under the plates, vertical support bars are used on the plates, and the extension girder top support construction method is through the top
  • the pipe hole tunnel construction method is laid, and there are two kinds of construction methods of the base extension beam and the top extension beam top support construction method.
  • the overall girder struts are the same as the combined girder struts, but no extension struts.
  • the anti-long structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method has two methods: a supporting anti-long structure construction method and a virtual bottom plate anti-long construction method, and the supporting anti-long structure construction and the upper supporting structure are jointly constructed, and virtual
  • the anti-long construction method of the floor is the construction method of the anti-long structure, and the construction method of the anti-long structure is determined according to the anti-long monitoring of the project.
  • the auxiliary structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method includes a squatting caisson construction method, a support caisson construction method, an isolated digging pile construction method, an impact support structure construction method, and a support support system construction method.
  • a squatting caisson construction method There are five kinds of rafting caisson construction methods, which are alternately carried out by earthwork excavation and sinking caisson sinking.
  • the support caisson construction method is to make the base caisson sink by hydraulic support system, and the isolation digging pile construction method has two rooms.
  • the construction method of the impact support structure has three levels, one is the impact construction method, the other is the support construction method, and the third is Structural construction method, the supporting column is the positive method, the wall panel is the reverse method, the ejector structure is the lower bearing method; the supporting and supporting system construction method is the hydraulic sinking through the jack.
  • the resource utilization of the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of use and mode, and has three types of applications: high ground, municipal facilities, and general-purpose buildings, and the ground height is from non-machine platform, ground interchange, high ground interchange, and express bus.
  • the composition has three layers: ground height, two floor height and iron height.
  • the mode is the ultimate mode, and the ultimate mode has two comprehensive development and development rules.
  • the comprehensive development takes the form of a public tunnel and integrates its resources once. Ultimate development, development The law has three rules: planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
  • the linear structure of the linear structure is divided into two types: a non-interconnected ground interchange and an inter-connected ground interchange.
  • the non-interconnected ground interchange is composed of a ground straight line, a ground underpass and a right raft, and the inter-ground interchange is on a non-interconnected ground.
  • the road is changed to the left.
  • the non-machine platform of the linear structure ultimate method has two types of ground non-machine platform and underground non-machine platform, and the non-machine platform level is composed of a pedestrian road and a bicycle lane, and has a non-airway ring level and a signal level. Pay two.
  • the linear high-rise interchange of the linear structure ultimate method is an interchange, and there are two types of underpass and upper crossover according to the interchange, from the ground straight line, the ground level, the ground, the upper line, and the right side.
  • the middle shifts to the left ⁇ composition the middle shifts to the left ⁇
  • the main line shifts to the left ⁇
  • the multi-turn to the left ⁇ the single turn to the left ⁇
  • the no-way to the left ⁇ the main line and the ramp of the ground-high interchange are required
  • the linear structure ultimate method has a bus composition, a public exchange and two levels, and the bus consists of a station, a vertical ladder, and a channel.
  • the station has two types: an internal station and an external station.
  • the ladder, the middle ladder, the upper outer ladder, the lower outer ladder, the platform ladder, the passage have a main line passage and a ramp passage;
  • the public exchange is a one-stop transfer, and the transfer is realized through the intermediate ladder and the ground height in and out signal safety zone.
  • the ultimate method of the structure of the present invention is a new theory of development and utilization of underground space resources, which is composed of a structural method and an ultimate method, and is expressed as a structural method, a substructure and a construction, and the structure is a self-supporting structure. It consists of support, underpinning, support, anti-long and other structures:
  • the construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil engineering methods. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current regulations. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics and has nothing to do with the geotechnical theory.
  • the use is the ultimate method, the sub-use and the mode, and the use is mainly based on the mantle, supplemented by municipal facilities and general buildings; the model is a comprehensive development of resources in the form of public tunnels.
  • the new theory is the basic theory of the development and utilization of underground space resources, ending the history of human society's development of underground space resources based on experience and engineering insecurity.
  • the new theory of planning, developing and building modern cities can effectively overcome the urban "comprehensive syndrome" and has far-reaching significance for the quality of human life. It can be called a model of sustainable urban development and complement and improve global sustainable development.
  • Figure 1 Plan view of the self-supporting structure
  • FIG. 1 The base caisson (supporting sinking well): (4) The overall structural plane of the sinking well (C
  • Figure 8 Plan view of the isolated digging pile studio: (1) Two-bedroom plan;
  • Figure 9 Studio plan of the isolated digging pile: (2) Three-bedroom plan;
  • FIG 11 Top beam sill top view: (2) Plane beam reinforcement structure plan (A-A)
  • FIG 14 the top beam of the base beam: (5) channel profile (DD); Figure 15. Top sill beam top view: (6) Middle section view (EE)
  • Figure 16 Flow chart of the construction of the partial girder struts (1) The base and the plate are partially sunk to the ground; Figure 17. The construction plan of the partial girder struts (2) Bit
  • Figure 18 Flow chart of the construction of the partial girder struts (3) The partial girder support of the base is in place;
  • Non-machine platform plan (1) Above-ground non-machine platform (located on the ground floor);
  • non-machine platform plan (2) underground non-machine platform (located on the ground floor);
  • Figure 21 Cross-over and in-station bus plan for ground intercommunication: (1) Straight-through floor;
  • FIG. 23 Single-pass bus plan for signals underpassing high-rise interchange and internal and external stations (1) Ground floor;
  • Figure 25 Plane underpass and high-rise interchange and internal and external station single bus plan (3) Ground level;
  • Figure 26 Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (1) Ground floor;
  • Figure 27 Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (2) Upper ground level;
  • Figure 28 Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (3) Ground level;
  • 1, self-supporting structure 2, supporting column, 3, arch plate, 4, vertical beam, 5, supporting structure, 6, supporting structure, 7, supporting structure, 8, anti-long structure, 9, top support structure 10, vertical load, 11, horizontal load, 12, uplift load, 13, structural floor, 14, simply supported anti-lobe structure, 15, anti-lobe support, 16, floor support, 22, slot 23, virtual bottom plate, 24, working beam for sinking beam, 25, reinforced beam structure, 26, sinking beam structure, 27, sinker beam structure, 28, base beam, 29, vertical support rod, 30.
  • Figure 1 Figure 2 is a self-standing structure diagram
  • the self-supporting structure bears the vertical load (covering the stratum), the horizontal load (earth pressure), and the uplift load (the soil uplift). Its biggest feature is: there is no support structure under the bottom plate, but the anti-long structure is used to balance the structural bottom plate. The bulge caused by the earth pressure load.
  • Figure 3 is a T-shaped sinking elevation
  • the T-shaped sinking well is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure, and the sinking arch abutment is alternated with the cast-in-place concrete of the wellbore.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the base sinking hole (supporting sinking well).
  • the support sinking well consists of a base sinking well and a supporting support system.
  • the base sinking well presses the supporting support system to promote the sinking of the base sinking well.
  • the support of the sinking well is to sink the sinking through the base, and the support and support system is laid one by one.
  • Figure 8 - Figure 9 is a plan view of the isolated digging pile studio
  • the two-chamber and three-chamber isolation digging piles are determined according to the needs of the project.
  • Figure 10 - Figure 15 is the top beam of the base beam
  • the base beam girder is composed of a sloping beam ⁇ -shaped structure, a sinking beam-embedded structure and a reinforced beam reinforcement structure.
  • the ⁇ -shaped structure of the sinking beam is a vertical retaining rod for the excavation and sinking working chamber, and the sinking beam is embedded in the trough structure.
  • the jacking beam is provided with a jack on the reinforcement structure, and the working beam of the sinking beam is arranged at both ends of the sinking beam supporting structure.
  • Figure 16 - Figure 18 is a flow chart of the construction of a partial girder
  • the construction flow chart of the partial girder struts is a case of a partial girder struts of a base and a partial girder struts of a plate.
  • the supporting support system is used for laying, and the extension girder struts are laid by ejector holes. .
  • the entire structure of the base sinking well and the base girder roof support may not be provided with a recessed groove.
  • Figure 19 - Figure 20 is a plan view of the ground non-machine platform and underground non-machine platform
  • the non-machine platform adopts non-channel round-crossing (ie, interlaced flat) or signal leveling.
  • Figure 21 – Figure 22 shows a plan for intercommunicating ground and decentralized single bus.
  • the bus enters and exits the ground through the main line.
  • the right raft is located on the outside, and the left raft is located near the lower thread, which is beneficial to the design and construction of the building.
  • Figure 23 __ Figure 28 is a plan view of a high-crossing and decentralized single-type bus for the underpass and the upper cross-signal.
  • a structural ultimate method there are two kinds of linear structure ultimate method and point block structure ultimate method.
  • the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of resource development and resource utilization, resource development substructure and construction, and structure has self-supporting structure 1.
  • Public tunnel 66 There are three auxiliary structures.
  • the self-supporting structure is composed of support structure 6, understand structure 7, support structure 5 and anti-long structure 8.
  • the construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil construction and survey construction techniques. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current regulations. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics, and has nothing to do with the geotechnical theory.
  • the self-supporting structure 1 is subjected to three loads of vertical load 10, horizontal load 11 and uplift load 12, and vertical load 10 is supported by support structure 6.
  • the support structure 6 is composed of the support column 2
  • the horizontal load 11 support structure 5 is assumed
  • the support structure 5 is composed of the support structure and the top support structure 9
  • the bulging load 12 is carried by the anti-lobe structure 8, the anti-lobe structure 8
  • the composition of the cross-border, high-rise interchange, and interchange bus is based on the form of a public tunnel 66, which integrates its resources and an ultimate development.
  • the construction method includes two types: the self-supporting structure 1 and the auxiliary structure construction method.
  • the ultimate method consists of a circular structure method and a non-circular combination method.
  • the circular structure method consists of a circular support structure and a virtual base plate anti-lobe.
  • the combination method consists of a structural method and an island method.
  • the linear structure is a self-supporting method.
  • the structure 1 is composed of a support structure 6, a support structure 7, a support structure 5, and an anti-cold structure 8, and the support structure 5 is composed of a support structure and a top support structure 9:
  • the linear structure ultimate structure is a beam-span structure
  • the structure has two structures: an arch plate beam structure and a flat beam plate structure.
  • the arch beam and beam plate enclosing structure is composed of a vertical beam 4 and an arch plate 3
  • the flat beam plate enclosing structure is composed of a vertical beam 4 and a flat plate.
  • the structure has a continuous wall, a supporting sinking hole, and an impact-supporting flat beam-slab structure;
  • the top-supporting structure 9 of the linear structure ultimate method has two types of a lateral strut structure and a longitudinal strut structure, and the transverse strut has a girder strut structure, Impact top support , Three kinds caisson roof support structure protection, Shen beam
  • the base beam-supporting structure 77 of the top support structure is composed of a sinker beam reinforcement structure 25, a sinker beam groove structure 26, a sinker beam ⁇ -shaped structure 27, a sinker beam working channel 24 and a recessed groove 22, and the sinker beam is supported at both ends.
  • the beam working channel 24, the sinking beam working channel 24 is a girder earthwork and a construction channel
  • the girder strut structure has an integral girder strut structure and a combined girder strut structure
  • the combined girder strut structure is composed of a partial girder
  • the top support and the extension long beam top support, the impact top support structure has two kinds of impact striking structure and the overall impact strut structure
  • the longitudinal structure has top support, tie rod, vertical reinforcement of the shaft; linear structure ultimate method
  • the anti-long structure 8 has two supporting anti-lobe structures and a virtual bottom plate 23 anti-lobe.
  • the supporting anti-long structure has two kinds of inverted cantilever supporting anti-long structure and simple supporting anti-lobe structure, and the cantilever branch below the structural bottom plate 13
  • the retaining structure is called the inverted cantilever supporting anti-long structure
  • the simple supported supporting anti-long structure 14 is formed by the bottom strut 16 and the anti-lobe support 15 supporting the anti-long structure
  • the virtual bottom plate 23 is anti-long by the building anti-long Structure and measures anti-long structure, measures anti-long structure
  • the auxiliary structure of the structure ultimate method has the ⁇ -shaped caisson 59, the support sinking well, the isolated digging pile, the impact support structure, the support support
  • the shape sinking well 59 is composed of a sinking well 76 and a sinking arch 75
  • the supporting sinking well is composed of a base sinking 54 and a supporting support system 70
  • Two types of holes, the two-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer workshop 60 and a safety studio 61.
  • the three-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer studio 60 and two safety studios 61; 60 and safety studio 61 are provided with a safety retaining plate 72.
  • the base is formed with a guiding rod 84 as a core to form a base "one time" guiding frame 36.
  • the shaft is constructed by reverse concrete, and the shaft is formed with a guiding rod 84 as a core to form a vertical "word".
  • Guide frame 71, shaft "one word” guide frame 71 and The "one-word” guide frame 36 is a concentric structure, the former is a static guide frame, the latter is a dynamic guide frame, and the latter is sliding down along the former; the impact support structure has three levels of impact forming, supporting structure and structural form.
  • the support structure is the support support system 70 ;
  • the support support system 70 is composed of a jack support rod 53, a horizontal support 73, and a support top stay 74, and has two functions of support and support;
  • a self-supporting structure of a linear structure ultimate method 1 Construction method has support structure 6 Construction method, underpinning structure 7 construction method, supporting structure 5 construction method, anti-long structure 8 construction method, supporting structure 5 construction method with retaining structure construction method and top support structure 9 construction method ;
  • the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the linear structure ultimate method includes two methods: the supporting sinking well and the impact supporting beam slab retaining structure construction method.
  • the construction method of supporting the sinking beam and slab retaining structure is divided into three steps: 1. Construction Vertical beam (hole); 2, the envelope structure (wall panel) adopts the support sinking construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the vertical beam (hole), and the ground is directly transported, and the structure is constructed by the reverse method: 3.
  • the construction method of the impact-supporting beam-slab retaining structure is divided into three steps: 1. The continuous-wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate), 2.
  • the impact-supporting construction flat retaining structure (laying support and support system), 3
  • the reverse structure is used to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam is used to form the impact-supporting flat beam-slab structure;
  • the top-support structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method is divided into two types: lateral bracing construction and longitudinal bracing construction.
  • the girder top support construction method has two kinds of integral girder top support construction method and combined girder top support construction method, and the longitudinal bracing construction has top support.
  • the base is covered with the sinking measures as the structural steel bar, and the sinking measures are the steel pipe top support; :
  • the ⁇ -shaped horizontal rod is used under the board, and the vertical supporting rod 29 is used on the board.
  • the construction method of the extension beam is supported by the ejector hole tunnel construction method, and the base extension beam sill top 80 construction method and There are two kinds of construction methods for the extension of the beam on the plate.
  • the overall girder struts are the same as the composite girder struts, but there is no extension struts;
  • the linear structure ultimate method of anti-lobe structure 8 construction method has support anti-long structure construction method and virtual bottom plate 23 anti-long construction method, Supporting anti-long structure construction and upper support structure 5-and-construction, virtual bottom plate 23 anti-long construction method is the measure anti-long structure construction method, measure anti-long structure construction method is determined according to engineering anti-long monitoring; auxiliary of linear structure ultimate method
  • the structural construction method includes five methods: the squatting caisson construction method, the support caisson construction method, the isolated digging pile construction method, the impact support structure construction method, and the support support system 70 construction method.
  • the earthwork excavation alternates with the sinking sinking 59, and the supporting sinking construction method is to sink the base caisson 54 through the hydraulic support support system 70.
  • the method of isolating the digging pile has a two-chamber earthwork construction method and three rooms.
  • Inner soil, two Excavated in the safety studio 61, the earthwork is directly pushed into the soil transfer studio 60, and transferred to the ground;
  • the impact support structure construction method has three levels, one is the impact construction method, the other is the support construction method, and the third is Structural construction method, the supporting column is the positive method, the wall plate is the reverse method, the ejector structure is the lower bearing method;
  • the supporting support system 70 is constructed by the hydraulic pressure sinking of the jack 43; the resource utilization of the linear structure ultimate
  • the comprehensive development is in the form of a public tunnel 66.
  • the ultimate development of its resources is integrated.
  • the development rules include planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
  • the ground under the line 111 and the right ⁇ 95 are composed.
  • the intercommunication ground crossing is based on the non-interconnected ground interchange, and the sub-transfer to the left ⁇ 88 is added.
  • the non-machine platform of the linear structure ultimate method has the above-ground non-machine platform 92.
  • the non-machine platform leveling consists of a walkway 107 and a bicycle lane 106.
  • the linear structure of the ultimate method is an interchange.
  • the structure of the ultimate method of public transport bus has a bus, the public exchange by two levels, the bus consists of station, vertical ladder, channel, station has two stations, the internal station 98 and the external station 100, the ladder has an internal ladder 99, the middle ladder 91.
  • the channel has a main line channel 101 and a ramp channel 102; the public exchange is a one-stop transfer, and the transfer is realized by the intermediate ladder 91 and the ground height in and out signal safety zone 119.
  • the ultimate method of the structure of the invention has three levels of self-supporting structure, public tunnel and auxiliary structure;
  • the self-supporting structure is the core of the structural ultimate method, and is also the safety guarantee for laying a public tunnel (underground frame structure), and the auxiliary structure is a measure structure for realizing the self-supporting structure;
  • the structural ultimate method consists of the structural method and the ultimate method.
  • the resource development adopts the structural method, the substructure and the construction.
  • the structure is the self-supporting structure, which consists of the supporting structure, the supporting structure, the supporting structure and the anti-long structure. It is made up of a variety of modern civil works and surveying construction techniques. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current specifications.
  • the project is not controlled by geological characteristics and has nothing to do with geotechnical engineering theory.
  • Resource utilization adopts the ultimate method, sub-use and mode,
  • the application is mainly based on ground height, supplemented by municipal facilities and general buildings.
  • the model integrates resources in the form of public tunnels and an ultimate development.
  • the structure ultimate method is described in the linear structure ultimate method and the point block structure ultimate method.
  • the structural ultimate method is used for the development and utilization of underground space resources under urban roads.
  • the ultimate method of structure is called the linear structure ultimate method, which is described separately in terms of resource development and resource utilization.
  • the structure is described in terms of a self-supporting structure, a public tunnel, an auxiliary structure, and the like.
  • the self-supporting structure is described separately by the support structure, the underpinning structure, the supporting structure, and the anti-longing structure.
  • the structure supporting the bearing layer and the common tunnel load is referred to as a supporting structure, and the supporting structure is described separately according to the supporting column and the supporting column foundation.
  • the support column has two types: an isolated digging support column and an impact support column.
  • the digging support column is isolated, and the support column is laid by the isolation digging shaft, and the column is called the isolation digging support column.
  • the impact support column the support column is laid by the impact support shaft, and the column is called the impact support column.
  • the support column foundation has two types: single pile foundation and multiple pile foundation.
  • the structure supporting the vertical load such as covering the ground is called the underpinning structure.
  • the underpinning structure has two types: single layer and double layer underpinning structure.
  • the single-layer underpinning structure has only one lining, which is supported by the longitudinal beam.
  • the double-layer underpinning structure is composed of a lining and a second lining arching plate.
  • One lining is called a supporting structure, which belongs to the construction measure, and the second lining is a cast-in-situ structure, belonging to the structure. section.
  • the stringers are supported on the retaining structure and the support column.
  • the support structure is composed of a retaining structure and a top support structure.
  • the retaining structure is a beam and slab retaining structure, and its structure has two kinds of arch slab beam retaining structure and slab beam and slab retaining structure.
  • the former force model is: earth pressure one arch, one vertical beam one by one Structure, the arched beam and slab retaining structure adopts continuous wall; the latter force model is: earth pressure one by one, one horizontal one, one horizontal beam, one vertical beam, one top support structure.
  • the slab beam plate structure is named after the plate, and its structure has three kinds of support sinking wells, impact support, and continuous wall slab beam and slab retaining structure.
  • the first two types (supporting caisson, impact support), the lining beam and slab structure of the envelope mechanism is the wall panel structure.
  • the latter (continuous wall) construction stage is T-shaped structure, that is, the flat plate on both sides of the vertical beam is a cantilever plate, and the wall plate is added to form a composite structure in the engineering stage to change its original stress state.
  • the T-shaped structure is a special flat beam and slab retaining structure, and the construction and engineering stages are different.
  • the top support structure is described separately in the vertical direction, the plane, and the connections and nodes. (1) by vertical
  • the top support structure has two kinds of top support and vertical support under the board.
  • the top support on the structural bottom plate is called the plate top support, which is a tool steel structure;
  • the top support under the structural bottom plate is called the under-plate top support, which is a disposable reinforced concrete structure.
  • the transverse structure has three kinds of girder struts, impact struts, and supporting caisson struts (see supporting sinking wells).
  • the pile-supporting structure of the girder has two kinds of integral girder strut structure and combined girder strut structure.
  • the girder struts have a full-length sinking structure, and the structure is called an integral girder strut structure.
  • the overall girder strut structure is for the combined girder structure.
  • the integral girder strut structure is the girder strut structure.
  • the girder struts are laid through the base beam.
  • the top beam of the base beam is described in the vertical direction and the plane. In the vertical direction, the top beam struts of the base are composed of a reinforced beam structure, a sinker beam structure, and a sinker beam structure.
  • the girder-shaped structure is equivalent to a ⁇ -shaped beam, and a rectifying horizontal rod is arranged outside the ⁇ -shaped beam.
  • the grading beam ⁇ -shaped structure is a sinking beam sinking and excavation working chamber.
  • the sinking support of the sill beam is composed of a sloping beam ⁇ -shaped structure, a supporting support system, and a sinking beam tool-type steel pipe top support. From the plane, the top of the sill beam is supported by the sloping beam ⁇ -shaped structure, and the shaft is on both sides.
  • the well is the working channel for earthwork excavation and sinking beam sinking.
  • the slab-supported girders are reinforced concrete structures.
  • the base struts that is, the reinforced concrete is laid in the girder of the base
  • the second is the cast-in-place struts
  • the cast-in-place struts are placed on the girder ⁇ .
  • directly cast reinforced concrete According to the depth and geological characteristics of the frame structure, the number of sill braces on the plate and the slab is determined by design. From the working principle, the sill beam is supported by the hydraulic support of the base beam.
  • the combined girder struts are composed of partial girder struts and extension girders.
  • the top support of the girder is only partially sunken, and the top support is called a partial girder support.
  • the remainder of the partial girder struts is referred to as the extension girder struts.
  • the partial girder struts are the same as the integral girder struts, and are not described here.
  • the extension of the top support structure is laid through the ejector hole, and there are two kinds of extensions of the slab and the top of the slab.
  • the stern tube is composed of a ejector, a grille and an inner ring.
  • the impact ejector structure has two types of segmented and integral impact struts.
  • the impact struts are formed by segmental impact forming, and the structure is called a segmented impact struts; the impact struts are formed by full-length impact molding, and the structure is called an integral impact struts.
  • the impact roof structure is used for rock and construction waste formations.
  • the longitudinal structure has three types: top support, tie rod and shaft reinforcement. See the lateral support for the top support.
  • the pull rod is a diagonal pull rod, and the diagonal pull rod is symmetrically arranged, and is obliquely pulled from the upper frame structure and the lower support column.
  • Shaft reinforcement is reinforced by support columns and shaft retaining walls.
  • the top support structure is connected by concrete, which is convenient for the top support to be removed, and the support column and the top support are made of tool steel structure joints. 4, anti-long structure
  • the anti-long structure has two kinds of support anti-lobe structure and counterweight anti-lobe structure.
  • the anti-lobe is realized by the supporting structure, and the structure thereof is called the supporting anti-lobe structure. After the support anti-lobe structure is set, it cannot be changed arbitrarily. Therefore, the support anti-lobe structure is also called static anti-lobe.
  • the supporting anti-long structure has two kinds of inverted cantilever anti-long structure and simple anti-long structure.
  • the inverted cantilever support structure under the bottom support of the bottom plate prevents the soil from rising, and the anti-long structure is called the inverted cantilever anti-long structure.
  • the simple support structure under the top support of the bottom plate prevents the soil from rising, and the anti-long structure is called the simple support anti-long structure.
  • Support The anti-long structure is formed by the support of the bottom support and the anti-lobe support.
  • the weight-bearing anti-lobe structure is to use the weight of the object to prevent the soil from rising, and the anti-lobe structure is called the counterweight anti-lobe structure.
  • the counterweight anti-lobe structure consists of the building counterweight anti-long structure and the measure counterweight anti-lobe structure.
  • the counterweight anti-lobe structure can be understood as the virtual bottom plate under the structural bottom plate. Therefore, the counterweight anti-lobe structure is also called the virtual bottom plate anti-cold structure.
  • Long The measure weight-bearing anti-long structure is designed according to the actual anti-long monitoring, so it is also called dynamic anti-long structure.
  • the weight of the frame structure is used to prevent the uplift of the soil, and the anti-long structure is called the building weight anti-long structure.
  • the anti-lobe structure refers to the support structure of the frame structure when the earthwork is excavated.
  • the anti-lobe structure inverted cantilever structure or simply supported anti-lobe structure
  • the anti-lobe structure can not effectively prevent the uplift of the soil. It is necessary to adopt measures to prevent the structure of the structure from being blocked in time.
  • the soil is bulged and its structure is called the anti-long structure.
  • the measure anti-long structure is combined with the frame structure to form a counterweight anti-long structure, which prevents the soil from rising.
  • the anti-long structure of the building already exists, and the key is to measure the anti-long structure laying.
  • the anti-cave structure of the measures has two kinds of anti-long structure, T-shaped caisson measures, and anti-lobe structure.
  • T-shaped caisson measures anti-long structure
  • the T-shaped caisson measures anti-lobe structure is to sink the T-shaped caisson to the bottom of the floor, and the caisson is laid with reinforced concrete floor, and the high-pressure grouting from the inside of the caisson or the horizontal jet-jet mixing makes the soil outside the sinking well become Stones, filled in the caisson, constitute a T-shaped sinking measures anti-long structure.
  • the anti-lobe structure of the rotary jet mixing method is in the frame structure, the vertical swirling spray is applied to make the soil become a stone, and the rotary jet mixing pile is prevented from blocking the soil uplift.
  • the anti-long structure is called the jet-jet stirring anti-long structure. .
  • the vertical load such as covering the stratum, the upward uplift load of the soil and the horizontal load of the earth pressure are all undertaken by the self-supporting structure itself, and the design and construction are carried out according to the current structural specifications.
  • the self-supporting structure is a safety guarantee for laying public tunnels.
  • the underground space resources are called the ultimate method of structure; from the use and mode level, it is called Public tunnel law.
  • the public tunneling method implements a comprehensive and one-time development of its resources. Only under the premise of the public tunneling method can the framework structure be defined as a public tunnel. Otherwise, it cannot be called a public tunnel.
  • the public tunnels are described separately according to the frame structure, the anti-long structure and the wall panel structure.
  • Underground engineering is a frame structure, which has two kinds of conventional frame structure and hybrid frame structure.
  • the so-called hybrid frame structure means that a large rainwater drainage pipe network (pipe) is arranged under the frame structure.
  • the hybrid frame structure is composed of a frame structure and a pipe network below the frame structure.
  • the pipe network design varies from project to project and can be placed inside or under the frame structure.
  • the anti-long structure there are two kinds of anti-long structure and anti-long structure.
  • the anti-long structure is based on the anti-long monitoring, and the virtual floor anti-lobe structure is set.
  • the wall panel structure is the envelope structure. According to the theory of self-supporting structure, the wall panel structure is a beam and slab structure.
  • the auxiliary structure includes five types: ⁇ -shaped caisson, support caisson, isolated digging pile, impact support structure and support and support system.
  • the ⁇ -shaped sinking well consists of a sinking arch and a sinking well.
  • the upper part of the sinking arch is arched, the sinking well is round, the sinking arch is the excavation and sinking studio, and the wellbore is for soil and construction.
  • Working channel Its working principle is the same as that of a general sinking well, but its structure is different.
  • Supporting sinking wells are divided into two levels: the foundation sinking well and the supporting support system.
  • the base sinking well consists of the sinking well reinforcement structure, the sinking well groove structure and the sinking well base structure. .
  • the sinking slot structure is provided with a recessed groove.
  • the support and support system is to sink the base sinking by hydraulic pressure, and is used for laying the wall panel structure and the top support structure.
  • the wallboard structure laid by the support sinking well is called the supporting sinking wallboard structure. ⁇ Supporting the caisson to lay the struts, the structure of which is called supporting the caisson struts.
  • the top support structure is an integral part of the support bearing support system.
  • the isolated digging pile is different from the existing digging pile, and the shaft can be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse or a rectangle.
  • the isolated digging pile plane is divided into a safe and soil-transporting studio, the safety studio is a earth-moving excavation studio, the soil-transporting studio is a earthwork conveying working channel, and a safety retaining plate is arranged between the two chambers.
  • the "one-word" guide frame with the guide rod as the core has dynamic characteristics.
  • the shaft "one-word” guide frame with the guide rod as the core has static characteristics. The two are concentric structures, and the earthwork excavated with the isolated digging pile, the base"
  • the word “guide frame” is free to slide down the "slot” guide frame along the shaft.
  • the impact support structure has three levels: one impact molding; two support structures; three structural forms.
  • the impact support structure is suitable for complex formations of construction waste.
  • the impact forming has two kinds of holes and linear; the supporting structure is a supporting support system, and the supporting support system is composed of segments; the structural form has a supporting column, a wall plate structure and a top bracing structure, which is also called impact support support.
  • Column impact support wall panel structure, impact support roof structure.
  • the support and support system consists of a pole, a horizontal support rod and a horizontal top support.
  • the pole can be reinforced by a jack support rod and has two functions of support and support.
  • the supporting function refers to the hydraulic support function of the base (base sinking and base girder supporting); the supporting function refers to the supporting function of the vertical supporting rod.
  • the support and support system is used to support the sinking wall panel structure and the countersunk roof stay.
  • the auxiliary structure is an indispensable measure structure for laying the self-supporting structure.
  • the construction is described separately according to the self-supporting construction method, the public tunnel construction method, and the auxiliary structure construction method.
  • the self-supporting structure construction has four types: support structure construction method, roof structure construction method, support structure construction method and anti-long structure construction method.
  • the support structure construction method is described separately according to the support column foundation construction method and the support column construction method.
  • the support column foundation construction method includes a single pile foundation construction method and a multi-pile foundation construction method.
  • the support column of the single pile foundation is supported on a single pile, and the type of the pile is determined according to the project, and the support columns of the multi-pile foundation are supported by the plurality of piles.
  • the multi-pile foundation is the construction of the cap, the multi-pile cap is laid by the ejector hole and the grouting process, and then the support column is laid on the cap.
  • the support column construction adopts the isolation digging support column construction method and the impact support column construction method to construct the shaft, and the support column is constructed in the vertical shaft.
  • the underpinning structure construction method is divided into two types: the reverse construction method and the roof replacement construction method.
  • the reverse roof construction method is constructed by the open cut process.
  • the undercut roof construction method uses an undercut process.
  • Construction method of retaining structure There are two construction methods for supporting structures: 1. Construction method of retaining structure; 2. Construction method of supporting structure.
  • the construction method of the arched continuous wall beam and slab retaining structure will not be described.
  • I. Supporting the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the sinking well is divided into three steps: 1. Construction vertical beam (hole); 2. Enclosure structure (wall panel) ⁇ Supporting caisson construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the shaft (hole), straight to the ground, the structure is constructed by reverse engineering; 3. Construction vertical beam structure.
  • the impact support slab beam plate retaining structure construction method is divided into three steps: 1, the use of continuous wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate); 2, the use of impact support construction flat retaining structure (laying support support system 3, using the reverse method to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam constitutes the impact support flat plate beam structure.
  • the top support structure construction method is divided into two types: lateral jacking construction and longitudinal jacking construction.
  • the transverse jacking construction method has a sill beam struts, impact struts, and supporting sinking wells (see supporting sinking construction method). Three construction methods.
  • the construction method of the girder top support is divided into two types: the combined girder top support construction method and the integral girder top support construction method.
  • the combined girder strut construction method is described in the following methods: partial girder strut construction method, hydraulic subsidence construction method, construction method with sinking measures, rectification construction method and extension girder top support construction method.
  • the construction of the partial girder struts is in place from top to bottom.
  • an example is given by taking a partial girder struts on one plate and a partial girder struts on a base as an example.
  • the construction process is divided into three steps: the partial girder struts of the base and the partial girder sills of the slab sink to the ground; the partial girder struts of the slab are in place; the partial girder struts of the pedestal are in place. If the base is partially supported by the top beam and the top of the plate is partially supported by the top of the plate, the top beam of the plate is still in position from top to bottom, and the top of the base is first placed in the top, but the base is partially sunken.
  • the lower struts of the partial slabs above the beam struts shall be partially extended and supported from the bottom to the top of the slab, and then the partial sill bracing under the intermediate slab shall be laid.
  • the hydraulic sinking construction method is to pressurize the supporting support system by a conventional jack or a hollow jack, and lay the girder struts.
  • the so-called sinking measure refers to the structural sinking of the steel beam structure, such as the structural steel bars and the steel pipe structure, which are placed in the top of the top beam, and the construction measures are taken. Therefore, the measures are With the sinking measures.
  • the sinking measures there are two kinds of measures under the board and the sinking measures.
  • the slab-receiving measures are reinforced concrete structural steel bars, etc., and the sinking measures are steel pipe structures. Otherwise, the extension of the girder can not be achieved.
  • the horizontal support of the slab beam is corrected by the horizontal rod
  • the vertical support of the slab beam is corrected by the vertical support rod
  • the ejector hole pipe construction method is used for extension.
  • the so-called ejector tube hole construction method is extended according to the ejector, grille, excavation and inner ring, and the top of the girder is extended into a pipe hole (pit), and the steel structure with steel structure is used.
  • the top plate of the extension plate is laid as a reinforced concrete structure, and the top of the plate is set as a tool-type steel pipe structure.
  • the construction of the integral girder struts is that the full-length girder struts are laid by hydraulic subsidence, and the construction process is the same as that of the partial girder struts, but it is not necessary to carry out the construction with the sinking measures and the extension of the girder.
  • the impact jacking construction method divides the impact forming construction and the supporting support system construction into two layers. After the impact forming, the supporting support system is constructed.
  • the supporting structure is a component of the supporting supporting system and should be constructed together.
  • the longitudinal jacking construction has a top support structure construction method, a drawbar construction method, and a reinforcement shaft construction method. Construction method of ejector structure (see above).
  • the drawbar construction method is adopted for the drawbar construction.
  • the reinforcement is ensured by the support column shaft retaining wall and the soil reinforcement, ensuring that the support column, the shaft retaining wall and the soil body are stable. 4, anti-long structure construction method
  • the anti-long structure construction has two kinds of support anti-long construction and counterweight anti-long construction.
  • the supporting anti-long construction method has two kinds of inverted cantilever anti-long construction method and simple support anti-long construction method.
  • the inverted cantilever anti-long construction is constructed together with the retaining structure.
  • the Jianzhi anti-long construction is divided into two levels: one is to support the anti-long construction, and the supporting anti-long construction is combined with the retaining structure; the second is the top support construction, the top support construction has the bottom support construction, and the anti-long support Construction and other two types, the construction is carried out together with the upper top support construction.
  • the counterweight anti-long construction method has two levels: construction anti-long construction and measures anti-long construction.
  • the construction anti-long construction is the framework construction.
  • the counterweight anti-long construction refers to the measure anti-long construction method. Measures for the anti-long construction method are described in accordance with the T-shaped caisson measures, the anti-long construction method, and the rotary-jet mixing measures.
  • T-shaped caisson measures anti-long construction method
  • T-shaped caisson measures The anti-long construction method is divided into three steps.
  • the first step is to sink the T-shaped sinking well to the design elevation and use reinforced concrete to seal the bottom.
  • Step 2 High-pressure grouting outside the T-shaped caisson, or pass the level Rotary spray mixing, the soil outside the sinking well becomes a stone;
  • the third step backfill in the sinking well.
  • Rotary spray mixing measures The anti-long construction method is carried out in the frame structure, according to the design requirements, through the vertical swirling spray mixing construction, so that the soil under the frame structure of the frame structure becomes a stone.
  • Self-supporting structure and auxiliary structure construction run through the whole process of public tunnel construction.
  • the construction of public tunnels is carried out one by one according to the section of the road section.
  • Each section of the public tunnel construction is similar to a foundation pit construction.
  • the public tunnel construction method is described separately according to the frame construction method, the anti-long construction method, and the wallboard construction method.
  • the so-called hybrid frame structure construction method is to construct a large rainwater pipe network alternately by using the support sinking construction method and the ejector pipe hole construction method after the frame construction to the bottom plate. After the construction of the large rainwater pipe network, continue to construct the bottom plate of the frame structure. Both the conventional frame construction method and the hybrid frame construction method use the reverse construction method.
  • the construction of the unsupported structure means that the public tunnel construction does not have a counterweight anti-lobe structure (also known as a virtual bottom plate), that is, there is no dynamic anti-lobe, only static anti-lobe.
  • measures to prevent the construction of the anti-high-rise which means that the public tunnel construction is equipped with a counterweight and anti-long structure, that is, static anti-long and dynamic anti-long.
  • T-shaped caisson construction method supporting caisson construction method, isolated digging pile construction method, impact support shaft construction method and support support system construction method.
  • the ⁇ -shaped sinking well is the same as the general sinking construction process: excavation, sinking, and wellbore concrete watering are carried out one by one.
  • the support sinking construction method is divided into two levels: the construction of the caisson and the construction of the support and support system.
  • the caisson of the base is excavated by the implement, and the hydraulic support system promotes the sinking of the caisson.
  • the support and support system sinks with the sinking of the base. Laying. The two are alternately constructed until the base sinking sinks down to the design elevation.
  • the support sinking construction method has two methods: wall panel support sinking construction method and top support structure supporting sinking construction method.
  • the wall panel support sinking construction method adopts the reverse method.
  • the top support structure supports the sinking construction method, and the top support structure is a component of the support support system, and the two are constructed together.
  • the earthwork construction method has two types of earthwork construction method and three-room earthwork construction method.
  • the two-room earthwork construction method excavates in a safe working room, and the soil is transported in a soil working room.
  • the three-chamber earthwork construction method excavates in two safe working rooms. , a soil transporting work room, the two-chamber, three-chamber earthwork construction methods are excavated in the safe working room, and the earthwork is directly pushed into the soil transfer studio and transported to the ground.
  • the wall construction method uses a reverse method.
  • the construction method of impact support structure has three levels of forming, supporting and structural construction. 1. Forming adopts hole shape and linear impact forming; 2. After forming, support structure (support support system); 3. Exclude mud, lay support column in structure (positive method), wall plate structure (reverse method) , top support structure (sinking method).
  • the supporting support system construction method is to lay down from top to bottom with the base sinking one by one.
  • the base sinks as the base sinks, the poles supporting the support system, the horizontal support bars, and the horizontal top supports are constructed one by one.
  • linear underground space resources adopts the ultimate method, which is divided into two levels: use and mode.
  • the use is based on the combination of high ground, municipal facilities and general construction.
  • the underground space is nothing more than a machine path.
  • the ground height and the subway also have the advantages of large capacity, fast, and on-time.
  • the use of underground space to solve urban traffic is not a "patent" of the subway.
  • the two are compared with many aspects such as the development effect of underground space and the potential of transportation utilization.
  • the former is superior to the latter.
  • car replacement provides technical support (safety, zero row) for car underground. Not only that, but the high ground provides a sufficient charging infrastructure that is both convenient and economical.
  • ground below the urban road is the need for the undergroundization of the car, and it is also the only way to expand the urban road traffic. There is no choice.
  • the height of the earth can not only effectively “block”, but also provide a platform for the human society to realize the intelligent, orderly and harmonious urban transportation that it will dream of.
  • the high ground interchange is located within the definition of the road, and its interchange is also known as the road boundary interchange.
  • the ground height is described by one layer of ground height, two floors of ground height, iron on the ground, and multiple intersections.
  • the height of one floor is described by traffic type, road section setting, intersection and interchange.
  • Lane type There are two types of lanes: single-channel traffic and multi-channel traffic. Single-channel traffic is only set to a high ground. Multi-channel traffic consists of ground and non-airways (bicycle lanes).
  • section entry and exit ⁇ vertical, parallel
  • section reversal ⁇ section change line segment.
  • vertical entry and exit can directly enter and exit the ground or indirectly into and out of the ground.
  • Indirect access to the mantle is through the upper section of the general building into and out of the high section.
  • Symmetrical setting; section reversing ⁇ , section changing line segment is realized by unilateral widening or bilateral widening.
  • Crossing and interchange are described separately by ground crossing, ground interchange, non-machine platform, high ground interchange, high ground interchange, and interchange.
  • Ground interchanges include two types of ground crossings and ground crossings. Under the ground, the interchange is added to the left line, and the interchange is called the intercommunication.
  • the so-called offline reversal of the left squat refers to the left squat passing under the main line of the ground, and the left squat is called the lower left squat.
  • a platform that sets up non-airways (bicycle lanes, walkways) is called a non-machine platform.
  • the non-machine platform has two kinds of ground non-machine platforms and underground non-machine platforms.
  • the ground non-machine platform is located on the ground floor. In fact, the traffic above the platform is equivalent to the overhead.
  • the underground non-machine platform is located on the lower floor of the ground, and the ground floor has a ground platform ladder.
  • the above-ground non-machineway leveling has two types: circular interlacing, level crossing, and signal leveling.
  • the underground non-airway crossing is a faulty level.
  • the so-called misplaced level crossing means that the bicycle lane passes under the platform pedestrian walkway to form a bicycle ring road.
  • the high ground interchange is described by the main line (crossing line and straight line), left side, right side, and in and out (slope road).
  • the main line has a straight line, a lower thread, and an upper line.
  • main line reversing left ⁇ there are four kinds of main line reversing left ⁇ , multi ⁇ reversing left ⁇ , single ⁇ reversing left ⁇ , no way reversing left ⁇ .
  • the main line is reversing to the left:
  • the reversing left is reversing in the middle of the main line, and the commutation is called the main line reversing to the left.
  • the reversing left ⁇ is reversing in the absence of other lanes, and the commutation is called no-way reversal to the left ⁇ .
  • the widening there are two types of unilateral widening and bilateral widening. Widening on the side of the road, calling it a unilateral extension width. Broaden both sides of the road at the same time, calling it a bilateral expansion.
  • the high-level interchange is an important part of the interchange.
  • the vertical position of the entry and exit is based on the form of interchange, the level of interchange and the type of interchange. There are two types of interchanges, exits and exits.
  • ground-high interchange combination refers to the superposition of ground signal leveling and ground-high interchange, and its interchange is called signal ground high interchange, according to the high level of the ground, there are two types of signals: single-layer high-crossing and signal double-layer high-crossing.
  • Interchange buses are described separately according to design principles, bus composition and bus interchange.
  • interchange bus The design principles of interchange bus are all different, and they are not intertwined.
  • special bus sections are set up for interchanges to provide platforms for stations, vertical ladders, passages, bus entrances and exits, and non-airway crossings.
  • the interchange bus consists of station, vertical ladder, passage, and non-airway crossing.
  • the station is set in the middle of the main line, which is called the internal station, and the internal station is also called the main station.
  • the station is set outside the main line, which is called the external station.
  • the external station is also called the station.
  • the bus vertical ladder has an inner ladder, an upper outer ladder, a lower outer ladder, a platform ladder, and an intermediate ladder.
  • the vertical ladder is located in the middle of the main line, and the ladder is called the inner ladder.
  • the vertical ladder is located outside the main line.
  • the ladder is called the outer ladder.
  • the ladder is located on the outer ladder of the upper main line.
  • the ladder is called the upper outer ladder, and the ladder is located on the outer ladder of the lower main line. It is called the lower outer ladder.
  • the ladder from the ground to the underground platform is called a platform ladder.
  • the ladder is placed in the middle of the signal crossing main line, and the ladder is called the middle ladder.
  • the channel has two main channels and a ramp channel.
  • the channel set under the main line is called the main line channel; the channel set under the ramp is called the ramp channel.
  • the non-airway consists of bicycle lanes and pavements. There are two non-airway crossings: 1. Non-airway signals are leveled; 2. Non-airway circular cross-sections, the actual selection depends on non-airway traffic flow.
  • station, vertical ladder, passage, walkway, non-airway, access and exit, etc. are designed according to the current relevant design specifications.
  • the design of stations, vertical ladders, passageways, walkways, non-airways, and access roads may vary from project to project on the premise of ensuring optimal access to the exit and exit routes.
  • the underground space is set to two floors and its ground height is called two floors.
  • the two-story high-rise section is realized by parallel in and out Interoperability.
  • the two-story ground-high intersection is a four-story high-rise interchange, forming two intertwined high interchanges.
  • the design of the section and the interchange of the high ground on the iron, according to the vertical elevation of the subway section and the plane position of the station, is adapted to local conditions and varies from project to project.
  • Municipal facilities include rainwater networks, super reservoirs, sewer networks, sewage treatment facilities, and other municipal network facilities.
  • the proposed project will use reserved space, and then it will be laid according to the urban development plan.
  • the so-called general construction means that the various uses can be replaced with each other. There are two types of single and multiple layers for general construction.
  • the resource development and utilization model is described separately in terms of comprehensive development and development rules.
  • the law of opening law is a design rule for the implementation of integrated and ultimate development of underground space resources, which is divided into three levels: planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
  • the planning rules adopt an advanced planning rule.
  • the planning rule is based on the demand of urban traffic (automobile and static traffic), so that its dynamic and static traffic can be matched with demand. Therefore, it is also called the supply and demand matching planning rule.
  • Underground space resource planning is to use the road section as a planning and construction unit to form an underground transportation network one by one to ensure the dynamic balance of supply and demand of urban traffic (roads, vehicles).
  • the design rule uses a universal replacement design rule.
  • the core of the universal replacement design rule is the design safety value.
  • the structural design should be based on the advanced planning project, the design load should be taken according to the maximum value, and the related construction processing, so that the project can adapt to the dynamic change requirements of various uses, and the replacement is flexible and convenient.
  • the design law is called the universal replacement design rule. Because the engineering design takes the maximum load, the design rule is also called the maximum load design rule.
  • the implementation rule uses a one-step implementation rule.
  • the implementation rules are the key to ultimate development.
  • the development of underground space resources is not like ground buildings. It can be re-developed many times. After the development of underground space, it is difficult to change. It can only be developed once. Therefore, the frame structure is vertical (depth) and adopts an ultimate development.
  • the urban traffic is mountain-shaped, the traffic volume in the central area is large, and the surrounding traffic is small.
  • the underground space development is extended to the periphery by the urban central area one by one, continuously lengthening and encrypting, gradually forming a high road network, ensuring roads and vehicles.
  • the implementation of the law consists of a final development and segmentation of the ultimate development, the law is collectively referred to as the one-time, the ultimate implementation of the law (referred to as the ultimate implementation of the law).
  • the implementation law follows the principle of the law of planning and the dynamic balance of supply and demand of vehicles.
  • the point block structure ultimate method is used for the development of point space underground space resources, that is, foundation pit development.
  • Circular combination method 1.
  • Circular structure method The circular structure method consists of a circular continuous wall and a virtual floor. Above the structural floor, the circular continuous wall is the supporting structure. Below the structural floor, the circular continuous wall is an anti-long structure. The former bears the soil. Pressure horizontal load, the latter bears the soil uplift load. According to the depth of the foundation pit, the continuous wall can be divided into multiple misplaced constructions.
  • the virtual bottom plate adopts two types: the ⁇ -shaped sinking well and the rotary jet mixing pile.
  • the non-circular combination method non-circular, that is, square, rectangular and so on.
  • the combination method consists of a structural method and an island method, that is, the middle method is used as the island method, and the surrounding structure method is used. Therefore, the method is called a combination method.
  • the utilization of point space underground space resources is different from the utilization of linear underground space resources, and its use and mode vary from project to project.

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Abstract

An ultimate structural method, for conducting comprehensive, one-time and ultimate underground space development in the form of a public tunnel; the method consists of a linear ultimate structural method and a block ultimate structural method; the structure in the linear ultimate structural method comprises a self-support structure (1), a public tunnel (66) and an auxiliary structure; the self-support structure (1) consists of a support structure (6), an underpinning structure (7), a support and protective structure (5) and an anti-heave structure (8).

Description

说 明 书  Description
结构终极法 技术领域  Structural ultimate method
本发明属于地下空间资源开发利用领域。  The invention belongs to the field of development and utilization of underground space resources.
背景技术 Background technique
伦敦以地铁为轴线的地下空间资源开发利用， 被视为现代地下空间资源开发利用的 起点， 即城市现代交通的起点， 结束步行交通、 马车交通的历史。 地铁问世于 1863年， 当时世界上尚未发明汽车和开发石油， 25年后 （1888年） ， 德国奔驰汽车商业上市， 开 创人类汽车交通新纪元。 纵观现代城市交通， 其模式大概有三， 一是地铁交通单一模式 ( 1863年至 1888年） ， 二是地铁、 汽车交通多元和谐模式 （ 1888年至二战后） ， 期间 由于车少路多， 城市出现有轨电车； 三是地铁、汽车交通多元堵车模式（二战后至现在）。 随着人类社会经济发展和科技进步，城市交通模式应为动态模式，不能以不变应 "万变"。 半个多世纪前， 城市开始堵车， 今天已是限车 "治堵" ， 有车不能上路。 2000年世界 未来城市大会 《柏林宣言》 郑重宣称， 全世界城市没有一个做到真正可持续发展。 城市 "堵车"非一国一城 "独家新闻" ， 而是全球性的、 灾难性的。 城市交通堵塞等诸多弊 端总称为城市 "综合症" 。  The development and utilization of underground space resources based on the subway in London is regarded as the starting point for the development and utilization of modern underground space resources, that is, the starting point of modern urban traffic, ending the history of pedestrian traffic and carriage traffic. The subway was introduced in 1863, when the world did not invent cars and develop oil. 25 years later (1888), the Mercedes-Benz automobile commercial market was launched, creating a new era of human automobile transportation. Throughout modern urban transportation, there are about three modes: one is the single mode of subway transportation (1863-1888), and the other is the multi-harmony mode of subway and automobile transportation (from 1888 to the end of World War II). There is a tram; the third is the subway and car traffic multi-blocking mode (after World War II to the present). With the social and economic development of human beings and the advancement of science and technology, the urban traffic model should be a dynamic model, and it should not be changed in the same way. More than half a century ago, the city began to jam, and today it is restricted to "blocking", and there are cars that can't get on the road. The World Future Cities Conference 2000 The Berlin Declaration solemnly declares that none of the world's cities are truly sustainable. The city "blocking traffic" is not a country and a city "exclusive news", but global and catastrophic. Many disadvantages such as urban traffic congestion are collectively referred to as urban "syndromes".
多年以来， 人类社会迫切希望实现汽车地下化， 解决城市交通堵塞， 但只是纸上谈 兵， 并无实际进展。 汽车地下化不能实现的症结在于地下空间资源开发施工工法。 现有 地下空间主要施工工法有二： 一是基坑法； 二是盾构法， 基坑法施工不安全， 但能开发 任意地下空间； 盾构法施工安全， 但只能开发小空间一一隧道。 准确地说： 按现有岩土 工程理论开发任意地下空间， 地面道路两侧的建筑要倒塌， 对城市（建筑）而言是场"灾 难" ， 地下空间资源不能有效开发和合理利用， 汽车地下化受阻， 酿成城市 "综合症" 。 两害相权取其轻， 各国政府与国际社会对 "灾难" 和 "综合症"权衡利弊， 苦涩地接受 城市 "综合症" ， 认同城市 "综合症" 带来苦不堪言， 甚至令人恐惧的城市交通， 无条 件接受限车 "治堵" 措施， 这样残酷的现实全球城市必须面对， 无一幸免， 这就是人类 150年的城市交通史。 随着科技迅速发展， 汽车换代全方位启动， 城市交通换代刻不容 缓。 两者相辅相成， 汽车地下化， 城市交通和谐、 畅通。  Over the years, the human society has been eager to realize the undergroundization of automobiles and to solve urban traffic congestion, but there is no actual progress on paper. The crux of the failure of car undergroundization lies in the construction and construction of underground space resources. There are two main construction methods in the existing underground space: one is the foundation pit method; the other is the shield method; the foundation pit method is unsafe, but it can develop any underground space; the shield construction method is safe, but only the small space can be developed one by one. tunnel. Accurately speaking: According to the existing geotechnical engineering theory, any underground space will be developed. The buildings on both sides of the ground road will collapse. For the city (building), it is a "disaster". The underground space resources cannot be effectively developed and rationally utilized. The resistance is blocked, resulting in the city "syndromes". The two evils are taken lightly. Governments and the international community weigh the pros and cons of "disasters" and "syndromes", accept the city "syndromes" bitterly, and identify the city "syndromes" to bring misery and even fear. The urban traffic, unconditionally accept the restrictions on the "blocking" measures, so the cruel reality of the global city must face, no one is spared, this is the 150-year history of urban traffic. With the rapid development of science and technology, the replacement of automobiles has started in an all-round way, and urban transportation has not been delayed. The two complement each other, the car is underground, and the city traffic is harmonious and smooth.
现有地下空间开发利用模式为 "岩土工程 ·地下空间 ·地铁" 模式， 诠释为： 利用 岩土工程理论开发地下空间， 目的是建立地铁交通。 现有模式具有工程施工不安全： 不 能实现汽车地下化， 建立城市地下立体交通； 资源利用率低等诸多缺陷。 一味修建地铁 无助于城市交通畅通。  The existing underground space development and utilization model is "geotechnology · underground space · subway" mode, which is interpreted as: the use of geotechnical engineering theory to develop underground space, the purpose is to establish subway traffic. The existing model has unsafe construction: it cannot realize the undergroundization of automobiles, establish three-dimensional traffic in the city, and has many defects such as low resource utilization. Simply building a subway will not help the city's traffic flow.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决上述技术的缺陷， 提供一种结构终极法。  It is an object of the present invention to address the deficiencies of the above techniques and to provide a structural ultimate method.
本发明采用的技术方案： 一种结构终极法， 有线性结构终极法和点块结构终极法二 种， 所述的线性结构终极法有资源开发和资源利用二个层面， 资源开发分结构与施工， 结构有自立结构、 公共隧道、 辅助结构三种， 自立结构由支承结构、 托换结构、 支护结 构、 抗隆结构组成； 施工融合多种现代土建和勘察施工工艺而成， 结构、 施工按现行规 范执行， 施工过程中， 工程不受地质特性控制， 与岩土工程理论无关， 自立结构承受竖 向荷载、 水平荷载和隆起荷载三种荷载， 竖向荷载由支承结构、 托换结构承担， 支承结 构由支承柱构成， 水平荷载支护结构承担， 支护结构由围护结构和顶撑结构组成， 隆起 荷载由抗隆结构承担， 抗隆结构为虚拟底板抗隆， 资源利用分用途和模式， 用途有地高、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由非机平台、 地面立交、 地高立交、 立交公交组成， 模 式是以公共隧道形式， 对其资源进行综合、 一次终极开发， 施工法有自立结构施工法和 辅助结构施工法二种， 所述的点块结构终极法有圆形结构法和非圆形组合法二种， 圆形 结构法由圆形支护结构和虚拟底板抗隆组成， 组合法由结构法和作岛法组成。 The technical solution adopted by the invention: a structural ultimate method, which has two kinds of linear structure ultimate method and point block structure final method, the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of resource development and resource utilization, resource development substructure and construction The structure has three kinds of self-supporting structure, public tunnel and auxiliary structure. The self-supporting structure consists of supporting structure, underpinning structure and supporting knot. Structure and anti-long structure; construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil construction and survey construction techniques. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current specifications. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics, and has nothing to do with geotechnical theory. Three loads are applied to the load, horizontal load and uplift load. The vertical load is carried by the support structure and the underpinning structure. The support structure is composed of the support column, and the horizontal load support structure is carried. The support structure is composed of the support structure and the top support structure. The uplift load is carried by the anti-long structure, the anti-long structure is the virtual floor anti-lobe, the resource utilization is divided and the mode, the use is high ground, municipal facilities, general construction three kinds, the ground height is from non-machine platform, ground interchange, ground height Interchange and interchange public transport, the model is a public tunnel, comprehensive and one-time development of its resources, the construction method has two kinds of self-supporting construction method and auxiliary structure construction method, and the point-block structure ultimate method has a circular structure. Both the method and the non-circular combination method, the circular structure method consists of a circular support structure and a virtual bottom plate The combination method consists of a structural method and an island method.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的自立结构有支承结构、 托换结构、 支护结构、 抗隆结构组成， 支护结构由围护结构和顶撑结构组成。  Further, the self-supporting structure of the linear structure ultimate method comprises a support structure, a support structure, a support structure and an anti-long structure, and the support structure is composed of a support structure and a top support structure.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的围护结构为梁板围护结构， 其结构有拱板梁板 结构和平板梁板结构二种， 拱板梁板围护结构由竖梁和拱板组成， 平板梁板围护结构由 竖梁和平板组成， 结构有连续墙、 支护沉井、 冲击支护平板梁板结构。  Further, the enclosure structure of the linear structure ultimate method is a beam and slab enclosure structure, and the structure has an arch slab beam structure and a slab beam slab structure, and the arch slab and slab retaining structure is composed of a vertical beam and an arch slab Composition, the slab beam and slab retaining structure is composed of vertical beams and flat plates, and the structure has a continuous wall, a supporting sinking hole, and an impact supporting flat beam plate structure.
进一步的，所述的线性结构终极法的顶撑结构有横向顶撑结构和纵向顶撑结构二种， 横向顶撑有沉梁顶撑结构、 冲击顶撑结构、 支护沉井顶撑结构三种， 沉梁顶撑结构的底 座沉梁顶撑由沉梁加固结构、 沉梁嵌槽结构、 沉梁 π形结构， 沉梁工作通道和嵌槽组成， 沉梁顶撑两端设置沉梁工作通道， 沉梁工作通道是沉梁土方和施工通道， 沉梁顶撑结构 有整体沉梁顶撑结构和组合沉梁顶撑结构二种， 组合沉梁顶撑结构由局部沉梁顶撑和拓 长沉梁顶撑组成， 冲击顶撑结构有分段冲击顶撑结构和整体冲击顶撑结构二种， 纵向结 构有顶撑、 拉杆、 竖井纵向加固三种。  Further, the top structure of the linear structure ultimate method has two types: a lateral top support structure and a longitudinal top support structure, and the transverse top support has a girder top support structure, an impact top support structure, and a support sinking top support structure. The bottom beam struts of the girders of the girders are composed of a slab reinforcement structure, a slab girder structure, a sloping beam π-shaped structure, a sinking beam working channel and a trough, and a countersunk beam is placed at both ends of the girder The channel, the working channel of the girder beam is the earthwork of the girder and the construction channel. The girder strut structure has two kinds of integral girder strut structure and combined girder strut structure. The combined girder strut structure is supported by the partial girder and the top The long-sinking beam is composed of the top support, and the impact-supporting structure has two types: the sectional impact strut structure and the overall impact strut structure. The longitudinal structure has three kinds of top support, tie rod and vertical reinforcement of the shaft.
进一步的，所述的线性结构终极法的抗隆结构有支护抗隆结构和虚拟底板抗隆两种， 支护抗隆结构有倒悬臂支护抗隆结构和简支支护抗隆结构二种， 结构底板以下悬臂支护 结构称其为倒悬臂支护抗隆结构， 简支支护抗隆结构由底板顶撑和抗隆顶撑支撑支护抗 隆结构而成， 虚拟底板抗隆由建筑抗隆结构和措施抗隆结构构成， 措施抗隆结构有 Τ形 沉井措施抗隆结构、 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构二种。  Further, the anti-lobe structure of the linear structure ultimate method has two structures: a support anti-lobe structure and a virtual bottom plate anti-lobe, and the support anti-lobe structure has an inverted cantilever support anti-long structure and a simple support anti-long structure II. The cantilever support structure below the structural floor is called the inverted cantilever support anti-long structure, and the simple support and anti-long structure is made up of the bottom support and the anti-augment support support anti-long structure. The anti-long structure and measures of the building are anti-long structure, and the anti-long structure has two kinds of anti-deep structure, anti-lobe structure and anti-lobe structure.
进一步的， 所述的结构终极法的辅助结构有 Τ形沉井、 支护沉井、 隔离挖孔桩、 冲 击支护结构、 支承支护体系等五种； Τ形沉井由沉井井筒和沉井拱座构成， 支护沉井由 底座沉井和支承支护体系组成， 底座沉井由沉井加固结构、 沉井嵌槽结构、 沉井整体结 构、 嵌槽组成； 隔离挖孔桩按工作室、 底座、 逆作竖井三个层面， 工作室有二室隔离挖 孔桩和三室隔离挖孔二种， 二室隔离挖孔桩由一个输土工作室和一个安全工作室组成， 三室隔离挖孔桩由一个输土工作室和两个安全工作室组成； 输土工作室与安全工作室间 设置安全挡土板， 底座以导向杆为核心构成底座 "一次" 导向架， 竖井采用逆作混凝土 施工， 竖井以导向杆为核心构成竖井 "一字" 导向架， 竖井 "一字" 导向架与底座 "一 字"导向架为同心结构， 前者为静态导向架， 后者为动态导向架， 后者沿前者滑动下移； 冲击支护结构有冲击成型、 支护结构、 结构形式三个层面， 支护结构即支承支护体系； 支承支护体系由千斤顶支承杆、 水平支护、 支护顶撑组成， 具有支承和支护两种功能。  Further, the auxiliary structure of the structural ultimate method comprises five types: a sinking caisson, a support sinking well, an isolated digging pile, an impact supporting structure, a supporting support system, and the like; The sinking abutment is composed of a well sinking well and a supporting support system. The sinking well is composed of a sinking reinforcement structure, a sinking well structure, a sinking whole structure, and a recessed groove; The studio, the base, and the reverse shaft are three levels. The studio has two chambers and two diverted holes and three chambers. The two-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer studio and a safety studio. The digging pile consists of a soil transfer workshop and two safety studios; a safety retainer is set between the soil transfer studio and the safety studio, and the base is a "one-time" guide frame with the guide rod as the core, and the shaft is reversed. For concrete construction, the shaft is composed of a guide rod as the core to form a vertical "one-word" guide frame. The "one-word" guide frame of the shaft and the "one-word" guide frame of the base are concentric structures. The former is a static guide frame, and the latter is a dynamic guide frame. The guide frame, the latter slides down along the former; the impact support structure has three levels of impact forming, supporting structure and structural form, the supporting structure is the supporting support system; the supporting support system is supported by the jack, horizontal support It is composed of support top support and has two functions of support and support.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的自立结构施工法有支承结构施工法、 托换结构 施工法、 支护结构施工法、 抗隆结构施工法， 支护结构施工法有围护结构施工法和顶撑 结构施工法。 Further, the self-supporting structural construction method of the linear structure ultimate method has a support structure construction method and a support structure Construction method, supporting structure construction method, anti-long structure construction method, supporting structure construction method, construction method of retaining structure and construction method of top support structure.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的平板梁板围护结构施工法有支护沉井、 沖击支 护梁板围护结构施工法二种， 支护沉井梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、 施工竖梁 （孔） ； 2、 围护结构 （墙板） 采用支护沉井施工法， 土方推入竖梁 （孔） ， 直输地面， 其结构采 用逆作法施工； 3、 施工竖梁结构； 冲击支护梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、 采用连续 墙施工 "十字"竖梁 （带平板） ， 2、 采用冲击支护施工平板围护结构 （敷设支承支护体 系） ， 3、 采用逆作法敷设围护结构 （墙板） ， 与竖梁构成冲击支护平板梁板结构。  Further, the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the linear structure ultimate method includes two methods of supporting the sinking well and the supporting structure of the supporting beam and slab retaining structure, and the supporting method for supporting the sinking beam and slab retaining structure It is divided into three steps: 1. Construction vertical beam (hole); 2. Enclosure structure (wall panel) Adopting the support sinking construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the vertical beam (hole), and the ground is directly transported, and the structure is constructed by reverse engineering; 3, construction vertical beam structure; impact support beam plate retaining structure construction method is divided into three steps: 1, the use of continuous wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate), 2 using impact support construction flat retaining structure (laying Supporting support system) 3, using the reverse method to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam constitutes the impact support flat beam plate structure.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的顶撑结构施工法分横向顶撑施工和纵向顶撑施 工二种， 横向顶撑施工有沉梁顶撑施工法、 冲击顶撑施工法二种， 沉梁顶撑施工法有整 体沉梁顶撑施工法和组合沉梁顶撑施工法二种，纵向顶撑施工有顶撑施工法； 竖井纵向加 固施工法； 拉杆施工法。  Further, the top structure structure method of the linear structure ultimate method is divided into two types: a lateral jacking construction and a longitudinal jacking construction, and the transverse jacking construction has two methods: a sinker beam supporting method and an impact jacking construction method. The beam top bracing construction method has two types: integral girder strut construction method and combined girder strut construction method, longitudinal bracing construction with top bracing construction method; vertical longitudinal reinforcement construction method; drawbar construction method.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的沉梁顶撑施工法有组合沉梁顶撑施工法和整体 沉梁顶撑施工法二种。 组合沉梁顶撑施工法分局部沉梁顶撑施工法、 下沉支护施工法、 随沉措施施工法、 纠偏施工法和拓长沉梁顶撑施工法， 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程： 通过下 沉顶座， 千斤顶液压底座局部沉梁顶撑、 板上局部沉梁顶撑下沉至地面， 板上局部沉梁 顶撑就位， 底座局部沉梁顶撑就位； 下沉支护施工法采用支承支护体系施工法， 由底座 沉梁顶撑、 板上沉梁顶撑、 支承支护体系组成， 随沉措施施工法有底座随沉措施和板上 随沉措施二种， 底座随沉措施为结构钢筋， 板上随沉措施为钢管顶撑； 纠偏施工法： 板 下采用 π形结构水平杆， 板上采用竖向支护杆， 拓长沉梁顶撑施工法是通过顶杆管洞施 工法敷设， 有底座拓长沉梁顶撑施工法和板上拓长沉梁顶撑施工法二种。 整体沉梁顶撑 与组合沉梁顶撑相同， 但无拓长顶撑。  Further, the method for constructing the girder strut by the linear structure ultimate method includes a combined girder strut construction method and an integral girder strut construction method. Combined girder strut construction method is divided into partial girder strut construction method, sinking support construction method, sinking construction method, rectification construction method and extensional girder top support construction method, local girder top support construction process: By sinking the top seat, the partial hydraulic beam base of the jack is supported by the top beam, and the partial top beam of the plate sinks to the ground. The partial girder support on the plate is in place, and the partial girder support of the base is in place; the sinking support The construction method adopts the support and support system construction method, which consists of the base girder struts, the plate girder struts, and the support and support system. With the sinking construction method, there are two types of foundation sinking measures and plate sinking measures. With the sinking measures as structural steel bars, the plate sinking measures are steel pipe top bracing; Correction construction method: π-shaped horizontal rods are used under the plates, vertical support bars are used on the plates, and the extension girder top support construction method is through the top The pipe hole tunnel construction method is laid, and there are two kinds of construction methods of the base extension beam and the top extension beam top support construction method. The overall girder struts are the same as the combined girder struts, but no extension struts.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的抗隆结构施工法有支护抗隆结构施工法和虚拟 底板抗隆施工法二种， 支护抗隆结构施工与上部支护结构一并施工， 虚拟底板抗隆施工 法即措施抗隆结构施工法， 措施抗隆结构施工法根据工程抗隆监测确定。  Further, the anti-long structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method has two methods: a supporting anti-long structure construction method and a virtual bottom plate anti-long construction method, and the supporting anti-long structure construction and the upper supporting structure are jointly constructed, and virtual The anti-long construction method of the floor is the construction method of the anti-long structure, and the construction method of the anti-long structure is determined according to the anti-long monitoring of the project.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的辅助结构施工法有 Τ形沉井施工法、 支护沉井 施工法、 隔离挖孔桩施工法、 冲击支护结构施工法、 支承支护体系施工法五种， Τ形沉 井施工法为土方开挖与 Τ形沉井下沉交替进行， 支护沉井施工法是通过液压支承支护体 系使底座沉井下沉， 隔离挖孔桩施工法有二室土方施工法和三室土方施工法， 二室土方 施工法于一个安全工作室内挖土， 一个输土工作室内输土， 三室土方施工法于两个安全 工作室内挖土， 一个输土工作室内输土， 两者均于安全工作室内挖土， 其土方直接推入 输土工作室， 输至地面； 冲击支护结构施工法有三个层面， 一是冲击施工法， 二是支护 施工法， 三是结构施工法， 支承柱为正作法， 墙板为逆作法， 顶杆结构为下承法； 支承 支护体系施工法是通过千斤顶液压下沉。  Further, the auxiliary structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method includes a squatting caisson construction method, a support caisson construction method, an isolated digging pile construction method, an impact support structure construction method, and a support support system construction method. There are five kinds of rafting caisson construction methods, which are alternately carried out by earthwork excavation and sinking caisson sinking. The support caisson construction method is to make the base caisson sink by hydraulic support system, and the isolation digging pile construction method has two rooms. Earthwork construction method and three-chamber earthwork construction method, two-room earthwork construction method excavation in a safe working room, one soil transporting work room, three-chamber earthwork construction method in two safe working rooms, one soil transporting work room Both of them excavate in the safe working room, and the earthwork is directly pushed into the soil transfer studio and transferred to the ground; the construction method of the impact support structure has three levels, one is the impact construction method, the other is the support construction method, and the third is Structural construction method, the supporting column is the positive method, the wall panel is the reverse method, the ejector structure is the lower bearing method; the supporting and supporting system construction method is the hydraulic sinking through the jack.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的资源利用有用途和模式两个层面， 用途有地高、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由非机平台、 地面立交、 地高立交、 立交公交组成， 按 形式有一层地高、 二层地高、 铁上地高三种， 模式为终极模式、 终极模式有综合开发和 开发法则两个内容， 综合开发以公共隧道形式， 对其资源进行综合一次终极开发， 开发 法则有规划法则、 设计法则、 实施法则三种。 Further, the resource utilization of the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of use and mode, and has three types of applications: high ground, municipal facilities, and general-purpose buildings, and the ground height is from non-machine platform, ground interchange, high ground interchange, and express bus. The composition has three layers: ground height, two floor height and iron height. The mode is the ultimate mode, and the ultimate mode has two comprehensive development and development rules. The comprehensive development takes the form of a public tunnel and integrates its resources once. Ultimate development, development The law has three rules: planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的地面立交分非互通地面立交和互通地面立交二 种， 非互通地面立交由地面直通线、 地面下穿线和右匝组成， 互通地面立交是在非互通 地面立交基础上， 增加道下换向左匝而成。  Further, the linear structure of the linear structure is divided into two types: a non-interconnected ground interchange and an inter-connected ground interchange. The non-interconnected ground interchange is composed of a ground straight line, a ground underpass and a right raft, and the inter-ground interchange is on a non-interconnected ground. On the basis of the interchange, the road is changed to the left.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的非机平台有地上非机平台、 地下非机平台二种， 非机平台平交由行人道和自行车道组成， 有非机道环形平交、 信号平交两种。  Further, the non-machine platform of the linear structure ultimate method has two types of ground non-machine platform and underground non-machine platform, and the non-machine platform level is composed of a pedestrian road and a bicycle lane, and has a non-airway ring level and a signal level. Pay two.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的地高立交为互通立交， 按立交有下穿立交和上 跨立交二种， 由地高直通线、 地高下穿线、 地高上跨线、 右匝、 中间换向左匝组成， 中 间换向左匝有主线换向左匝、 多匝换向左匝、 单匝换向左匝、 无道换向左匝， 地高立交 的主线、 匝道均需按规范设置变坡点。  Further, the linear high-rise interchange of the linear structure ultimate method is an interchange, and there are two types of underpass and upper crossover according to the interchange, from the ground straight line, the ground level, the ground, the upper line, and the right side. The middle shifts to the left 匝 composition, the middle shifts to the left 匝, the main line shifts to the left 匝, the multi-turn to the left 匝, the single turn to the left 匝, the no-way to the left 匝, the main line and the ramp of the ground-high interchange are required Set the slope point according to the specification.
进一步的， 所述的线性结构终极法的立交公交有公交组成、 公交换乘二个层面， 公 交由站位、 竖梯、 通道组成， 站位有内站和外站二种， 竖梯有内梯、 中间梯、 上层外梯、 下层外梯、 平台梯， 通道有主线通道、 匝道通道； 公交换乘为一站换乘， 其换乘是通过 中间梯、 地高进出信号安全区实现。  Further, the linear structure ultimate method has a bus composition, a public exchange and two levels, and the bus consists of a station, a vertical ladder, and a channel. The station has two types: an internal station and an external station. The ladder, the middle ladder, the upper outer ladder, the lower outer ladder, the platform ladder, the passage have a main line passage and a ramp passage; the public exchange is a one-stop transfer, and the transfer is realized through the intermediate ladder and the ground height in and out signal safety zone.
采用上述技术方案， 本发明的技术效果有： 本发明结构终极法为地下空间资源开发利用 新论， 由结构法和终极法组成， 幵发为结构法， 分结构和施工， 结构为自立结构， 由支承、 托换、 支护、 抗隆等结构组成： 施工融合多种现代土木工程工法而成。 结构、 施工按现行规 范执行， 施工过程中， 工程不受地质特性控制， 与岩土工程理论无关。 利用为终极法， 分用 途和模式， 用途以地髙为主， 市政设施、 通用建筑为辅； 模式以公共隧道形式对资源进行综 合一次终极开发。 新论为地下空间资源开发利用的基本理论， 结束人类社会开发地下空间资 源凭经验、 工程不安全的历史。 新论规划、 开发、 建设现代城市， 能有效地克服城市 "综合 症" ， 对人类生存质量有着深远意义， 堪称城市可持续发展典范， 并补充、 完善全球可持续 发展。  According to the above technical solution, the technical effects of the present invention are as follows: The ultimate method of the structure of the present invention is a new theory of development and utilization of underground space resources, which is composed of a structural method and an ultimate method, and is expressed as a structural method, a substructure and a construction, and the structure is a self-supporting structure. It consists of support, underpinning, support, anti-long and other structures: The construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil engineering methods. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current regulations. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics and has nothing to do with the geotechnical theory. The use is the ultimate method, the sub-use and the mode, and the use is mainly based on the mantle, supplemented by municipal facilities and general buildings; the model is a comprehensive development of resources in the form of public tunnels. The new theory is the basic theory of the development and utilization of underground space resources, ending the history of human society's development of underground space resources based on experience and engineering insecurity. The new theory of planning, developing and building modern cities can effectively overcome the urban "comprehensive syndrome" and has far-reaching significance for the quality of human life. It can be called a model of sustainable urban development and complement and improve global sustainable development.
附图说明  DRAWINGS
图 1、 自立结构平面图；  Figure 1. Plan view of the self-supporting structure;
图 2、 自立结构横剖面图 （A_A) ；  Figure 2. Cross-sectional view of the self-supporting structure (A_A);
图 3、 T形沉井立面图；  Figure 3. T-shaped sinking elevation;
图 4、 底座沉井（支护沉井）图： （1 ) 沉井立面：  Figure 4. Sinking of the base (supporting sinking well): (1) Sinking facade:
图 5、 底座沉井（支护沉井）图： （2 ) 沉井加固结构平面 （A  Figure 5, the base caisson (supporting caisson) diagram: (2) caisson reinforcement structure plane (A
图 6、 底座沉井（支护沉井）图： （3 ) 沉井嵌槽结构平面 （B  Figure 6. The base caisson (supporting sinking well): (3) The sinking trough structure plane (B)
图 7、 底座沉井（支护沉井）图： （4 ) 沉井整体结构平面 ( C  Figure 7. The base caisson (supporting sinking well): (4) The overall structural plane of the sinking well (C
图 8、 隔离挖孔桩工作室平面图： （1 ) 二室平面图；  Figure 8. Plan view of the isolated digging pile studio: (1) Two-bedroom plan;
图 9、 隔离挖孔桩工作室平面图： （2) 三室平面图；  Figure 9. Studio plan of the isolated digging pile: (2) Three-bedroom plan;
图 10 、 底座沉梁顶撑图： （1 ) 立面图；  Figure 10, the top beam of the base beam: (1) elevation;
图 11 , 底座沉梁顶撑图： （2 ) 沉梁加固结构平面图 （A-A )  Figure 11 , Top beam sill top view: (2) Plane beam reinforcement structure plan (A-A)
图 12 . 底座沉梁顶撑图： （3 ) 沉梁嵌槽结构平面图 （B - B)  Figure 12. Top sill beam top view: (3) Plane beam groove plan view (B - B)
图 13 、 底座沉梁顶撑图： （4 ) 沉梁 π形结构平面图 （C - C )  Figure 13 and the top beam of the base beam: (4) Plane beam π-shaped structure plan (C - C)
图 14 、 底座沉梁顶撑图： （5 ) 通道剖面图 （D-D ) ； 图 15、 底座沉梁顶撑图： （6) 中间剖面图 （E-E ) Figure 14, the top beam of the base beam: (5) channel profile (DD); Figure 15. Top sill beam top view: (6) Middle section view (EE)
图 16、 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程图 ( 1 ) 底座、 板上局部沉梁顶撑下沉至地面; 图 17、 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程图 ( 2 ) 板上局部沉梁顶撑就位；  Figure 16. Flow chart of the construction of the partial girder struts (1) The base and the plate are partially sunk to the ground; Figure 17. The construction plan of the partial girder struts (2) Bit
图 18、 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程图 ( 3 ) 底座局部沉梁顶撑就位；  Figure 18. Flow chart of the construction of the partial girder struts (3) The partial girder support of the base is in place;
图 19、 非机平台平面图： ( 1 ) 地上非机平台 （位于地面层） ；  Figure 19. Non-machine platform plan: (1) Above-ground non-machine platform (located on the ground floor);
图 20、 非机平台平面图： ( 2) 地下非机平台 （位于地面下层） ；  Figure 20, non-machine platform plan: (2) underground non-machine platform (located on the ground floor);
图 21、 地面互通下穿立交和内站型公交平面图： （1 ) 直通层;  Figure 21: Cross-over and in-station bus plan for ground intercommunication: (1) Straight-through floor;
图 22、 地面互通下穿立交和内站型公交平面图： （2 ) 下穿层;  Figure 22. Ground crossing and inter-passenger bus plan: (2) Underpass;
图 23、 信号下穿地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 1 ) 地面层；  Figure 23. Single-pass bus plan for signals underpassing high-rise interchange and internal and external stations (1) Ground floor;
图 24、 信号下穿地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 2 ) 地高上层;  Figure 24, signal underpass high ground and internal and external station single bus plan (2) upper ground level;
图 25、 信号下穿地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 3 ) 地高下层;  Figure 25. Plane underpass and high-rise interchange and internal and external station single bus plan (3) Ground level;
图 26、 信号上跨地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 1 ) 地面层；  Figure 26. Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (1) Ground floor;
图 27、 信号上跨地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 2 ) 地高上层;  Figure 27. Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (2) Upper ground level;
图 28、 信号上跨地高立交和内外站单一型公交平面图 ( 3 ) 地高下层;  Figure 28. Single-type bus plan for high-crossing and internal and external stations on the signal (3) Ground level;
其中： 1、 自立结构， 2、 支承柱， 3、 拱板， 4、 竖梁， 5、 支护结构， 6、 支承结构， 7、 托换结构， 8、 抗隆结构， 9、 顶撑结构， 10、 竖向荷载， 11、 水平荷载， 12、 隆起荷 载、， 13、 结构底板， 14、 简支支护抗隆结构， 15、 抗隆顶撑， 16、 底板顶撑， 22、 嵌槽， 23、 虚拟底板， 24、 沉梁工作通道， 25、 沉梁加固结构， 26、 沉梁嵌槽结构， 27、 沉梁 it形结构， 28、 底座沉梁， 29、 竖向支护杆， 30、 下沉顶座， 32、 导向杆， 33、 沉井加 固结构， 34、 沉井嵌槽结构， 35、 沉井整体结构， 36、 底座 "一字" 导向架， 43、 千斤 顶， 53、 千斤顶支承杆， 54、 底座沉井， 59、 T形沉井， 60、 输土工作室， 61、 安全工 作室， 66、 公共隧道， 70、 支承支护体系， 71、 竖井 "一字" 导向架， 72、 安全挡土板， 73、 水平支护， 74、 支护顶撑， 75、 沉井拱座， 76、 沉井井筒， 77、 底座沉梁顶撑， 78、 底座局部沉梁顶撑， 79、 板上局部沉梁顶撑， 80、 底座拓长沉梁顶撑， 81、 板上拓长沉 梁顶撑， 88、 道下换向左匝， 89、 非机道环形平交， 90、 平台梯， 91、 中间梯， 92、 地 上非机平台， 93、 地下非机平台， 94、 地面信号主线， 95、 右匝， 96、 中间换向左匝， 98、 内站， 99、 内梯， 100、 外站， 101、 主线通道， 102、 匝道通道， 103、 下层外梯， 104、 上层外梯， 105、 变坡点， 106、 自行车道， 107、 行人道， 110、 地面直通线， 111、 地面下穿线， 112、 地高直通线， 113、 地高下穿线， U4、 地高上跨线， 115、 主线换向 左匝， 117、 单匝换向左匝， 118、 无道换向左匝， 119、 地高进出信号安全区。  Among them: 1, self-supporting structure, 2, supporting column, 3, arch plate, 4, vertical beam, 5, supporting structure, 6, supporting structure, 7, supporting structure, 8, anti-long structure, 9, top support structure 10, vertical load, 11, horizontal load, 12, uplift load, 13, structural floor, 14, simply supported anti-lobe structure, 15, anti-lobe support, 16, floor support, 22, slot 23, virtual bottom plate, 24, working beam for sinking beam, 25, reinforced beam structure, 26, sinking beam structure, 27, sinker beam structure, 28, base beam, 29, vertical support rod, 30. Sinking top seat, 32, guide rod, 33, sinking reinforcement structure, 34, sinking slot structure, 35, sinking whole structure, 36, base "one word" guide frame, 43, jack, 53, Jack support rod, 54, base sinking, 59, T-shaped sinking well, 60, soil transfer studio, 61, safety studio, 66, public tunnel, 70, support and support system, 71, shaft "one word" guide Frame, 72, safety retainer, 73, horizontal support, 74, support top Support, 75, sinking abutment, 76, sinking wellbore, 77, base girder struts, 78, base partial girder struts, 79, partial girder struts on the plate, 80, base extension girder Support, 81, on the board, the extension of the beam, 88, the road to the left, 89, non-airway ring, 90, platform ladder, 91, the middle ladder, 92, the ground non-machine platform, 93, Underground non-machine platform, 94, ground signal main line, 95, right 匝, 96, intermediate reversal left 匝, 98, inner station, 99, inner ladder, 100, outer station, 101, main line channel, 102, ramp channel, 103 , lower outer ladder, 104, upper outer ladder, 105, variable slope point, 106, bicycle lane, 107, walkway, 110, ground straight line, 111, ground under thread, 112, ground straight line, 113, ground height Under the thread, U4, the ground is over the line, 115, the main line is reversing to the left, 117, the single turn to the left, 118, no way to the left, 119, the ground is in and out of the signal safety zone.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。  Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图 1一图 2为自立结构图  Figure 1 Figure 2 is a self-standing structure diagram
自立结构承担竖向荷载（覆盖地层） 、 水平荷载（土压力） 、 隆起荷载（土体隆起）， 其最大的特点是： 底板下面不设支护结构， 而是由抗隆结构来平衡结构底板下的土压力 荷载产生的隆起。  The self-supporting structure bears the vertical load (covering the stratum), the horizontal load (earth pressure), and the uplift load (the soil uplift). Its biggest feature is: there is no support structure under the bottom plate, but the anti-long structure is used to balance the structural bottom plate. The bulge caused by the earth pressure load.
图 3为 T形沉井立面图  Figure 3 is a T-shaped sinking elevation
T形沉井为现浇钢筋混凝土结构， 沉井拱座下沉与井筒现浇混凝土交替进行。 图 4一图 7为底座沉井（支护沉井）图。 The T-shaped sinking well is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure, and the sinking arch abutment is alternated with the cast-in-place concrete of the wellbore. Figure 4 is a diagram of the base sinking hole (supporting sinking well).
支护沉井由底座沉井与支承支护体系组成， 底座沉井是通过对支承支护体系加压， 促使底座沉井下沉。 换言之， 支护沉井是通过底座沉井下沉， 逐一敷设支承支护体系。  The support sinking well consists of a base sinking well and a supporting support system. The base sinking well presses the supporting support system to promote the sinking of the base sinking well. In other words, the support of the sinking well is to sink the sinking through the base, and the support and support system is laid one by one.
图 8——图 9为隔离挖孔桩工作室平面图  Figure 8 - Figure 9 is a plan view of the isolated digging pile studio
二室、 三室隔离挖孔桩按工程需要确定。  The two-chamber and three-chamber isolation digging piles are determined according to the needs of the project.
图 10——图 15为底座沉梁顶撑图  Figure 10 - Figure 15 is the top beam of the base beam
底座沉梁顶撑由沉梁 π形结构、 沉梁嵌槽结构和沉梁加固结构组成。 沉梁 π形结构 为挖土、 下沉工作室， 沉梁嵌槽结构敷设竖向支护杆， 沉梁加固结构上设置千斤顶， 沉 梁顶撑结构两端设置沉梁工作通道。  The base beam girder is composed of a sloping beam π-shaped structure, a sinking beam-embedded structure and a reinforced beam reinforcement structure. The π-shaped structure of the sinking beam is a vertical retaining rod for the excavation and sinking working chamber, and the sinking beam is embedded in the trough structure. The jacking beam is provided with a jack on the reinforcement structure, and the working beam of the sinking beam is arranged at both ends of the sinking beam supporting structure.
图 16—一图 18为局部沉梁顶撑施工流程图  Figure 16 - Figure 18 is a flow chart of the construction of a partial girder
局部沉梁顶撑施工流程图是以一根底座局部沉梁顶撑和一根板上局部沉梁顶撑为 例， 采用支承支护体系敷设， 拓长沉梁顶撑采用顶杆管洞敷设。  The construction flow chart of the partial girder struts is a case of a partial girder struts of a base and a partial girder struts of a plate. The supporting support system is used for laying, and the extension girder struts are laid by ejector holes. .
底座沉井、 底座沉梁顶撑的整体结构均可不设置嵌槽。  The entire structure of the base sinking well and the base girder roof support may not be provided with a recessed groove.
图 19一一图 20为地上非机平台、 地下非机平台平面图  Figure 19 - Figure 20 is a plan view of the ground non-machine platform and underground non-machine platform
非机平台采用非机道环形平交 （即交织平交） 或信号平交二种。  The non-machine platform adopts non-channel round-crossing (ie, interlaced flat) or signal leveling.
图 21——图 22为互通地面立交和分散单一型公交平面图。  Figure 21 – Figure 22 shows a plan for intercommunicating ground and decentralized single bus.
公交通过主线通道进出地面。 右匝位于外侧， 左匝靠近下穿线， 对建筑工程设计、 施工有利。  The bus enters and exits the ground through the main line. The right raft is located on the outside, and the left raft is located near the lower thread, which is beneficial to the design and construction of the building.
图 23 __图 28为下穿、 上跨信号地高立交和分散单一型公交平面图。  Figure 23 __ Figure 28 is a plan view of a high-crossing and decentralized single-type bus for the underpass and the upper cross-signal.
下穿、 上跨地高立交具有互通功能。  Underwearing and cross-border high interchange have interworking functions.
一种结构终极法， 有线性结构终极法和点块结构终极法二种， 线性结构终极法有资 源开发和资源利用二个层面， 资源开发分结构与施工， 结构有自立结构 1、 公共隧道 66、 辅助结构三种， 自立结构由支承结构 6、 托换结构 7、 支护结构 5、 抗隆结构 8组成； 施 工融合多种现代土建和勘察施工工艺而成， 结构、 施工按现行规范执行， 施工过程中， 工程不受地质特性控制， 与岩土工程理论无关， 自立结构 1承受竖向荷载 10、 水平荷载 11和隆起荷载 12三种荷载， 竖向荷载 10由支承结构 6、 托换结构 7承担， 支承结构 6 由支承柱 2构成， 水平荷载 11支护结构 5承担， 支护结构 5由围护结构和顶撑结构 9组 成， 隆起荷载 12由抗隆结构 8承担， 抗隆结构 8为虚拟底板 23抗隆， 资源利用分用途 和模式， 用途有地高 109、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由非机平台、 地面立交、 地 高立交、立交公交组成， 模式是以公共隧道 66形式， 对其资源进行综合、一次终极开发， 施工法有自立结构 1施工法和辅助结构施工法二种， 所述的点块结构终极法有圆形结构 法和非圆形组合法二种， 圆形结构法由圆形支护结构和虚拟底板抗隆组成， 组合法由结 构法和作岛法组成； 线性结构终极法的自立结构 1 由支承结构 6、 托换结构 7、 支护结构 5、 抗隆结构 8组成， 支护结构 5由围护结构和顶撑结构 9组成： 线性结构终极法的围护 结构为梁板围护结构， 其结构有拱板梁板结构和平板梁板结构二种， 拱板梁板围护结构 由竖梁 4和拱板 3组成， 平板梁板围护结构由竖梁 4和平板组成， 结构有连续墙、 支护 沉井、 冲击支护平板梁板结构； 线性结构终极法的顶撑结构 9有横向顶撑结构和纵向顶 撑结构二种， 横向顶撑有沉梁顶撑结构、 冲击顶撑结构、 支护沉井顶撑结构三种， 沉梁 顶撑结构的底座沉梁顶撑 77由沉梁加固结构 25、 沉梁嵌槽结构 26、 沉梁 π形结构 27， 沉梁工作通道 24和嵌槽 22组成， 沉梁顶撑两端设置沉梁工作通道 24， 沉梁工作通道 24 是沉梁土方和施工通道， 沉梁顶撑结构有整体沉梁顶撑结构和组合沉梁顶撑结构二种， 组合沉梁顶撑结构由局部沉梁顶撑和拓长沉梁顶撑组成， 冲击顶撑结构有分段冲击顶撑 结构和整体冲击顶撑结构二种， 纵向结构有顶撑、 拉杆、 竖井纵向加固三种； 线性结构 终极法的抗隆结构 8有支护抗隆结构和虚拟底板 23抗隆两种，支护抗隆结构有倒悬臂支 护抗隆结构和简支支护抗隆结构 14二种， 结构底板 13以下悬臂支护结构称其为倒悬臂 支护抗隆结构，简支支护抗隆结构 14由底板顶撑 16和抗隆顶撑 15支撑支护抗隆结构而 成， 虚拟底板 23抗隆由建筑抗隆结构和措施抗隆结构构成， 措施抗隆结构有 Τ形沉井 59措施抗隆结构、 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构二种； 结构终极法的辅助结构有 Τ形沉井 59、 支护沉井、 隔离挖孔桩、 冲击支护结构、 支承支护体系 70等五种； Τ形沉井 59由沉井 井筒 76和沉井拱座 75构成， 支护沉井由底座沉井 54和支承支护体系 70组成， 底座沉 井 54由沉井加固结构 33、 沉井嵌槽结构 34、 沉井整体结构 35、 嵌槽 22组成； 隔离挖 孔桩按工作室、 底座、 逆作竖井三个层面， 工作室有二室隔离挖孔桩和三室隔离挖孔二 种， 二室隔离挖孔桩由一个输土工作室 60和一个安全工作室 61组成， 三室隔离挖孔桩 由一个输土工作室 60和两个安全工作室 61组成； 输土工作室 60与安全工作室 61间设 置安全挡土板 72， 底座以导向杆 84为核心构成底座 "一次"导向架 36， 竖井采用逆作 混凝土施工， 竖井以导向杆 84为核心构成竖井 "一字" 导向架 71， 竖井 "一字"导向 架 71与底座 "一字"导向架 36为同心结构， 前者为静态导向架， 后者为动态导向架， 后者沿前者滑动下移； 冲击支护结构有冲击成型、 支护结构、 结构形式三个层面， 支护 结构即支承支护体系 70 ; 支承支护体系 70由千斤顶支承杆 53、 水平支护 73、 支护顶撑 74组成， 具有支承和支护两种功能； 线性结构终极法的自立结构 1施工法有支承结构 6 施工法、 托换结构 7施工法、 支护结构 5施工法、 抗隆结构 8施工法， 支护结构 5施工 法有围护结构施工法和顶撑结构 9施工法； A structural ultimate method, there are two kinds of linear structure ultimate method and point block structure ultimate method. The linear structure ultimate method has two levels of resource development and resource utilization, resource development substructure and construction, and structure has self-supporting structure 1. Public tunnel 66 There are three auxiliary structures. The self-supporting structure is composed of support structure 6, understand structure 7, support structure 5 and anti-long structure 8. The construction is integrated with a variety of modern civil construction and survey construction techniques. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current regulations. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics, and has nothing to do with the geotechnical theory. The self-supporting structure 1 is subjected to three loads of vertical load 10, horizontal load 11 and uplift load 12, and vertical load 10 is supported by support structure 6. 7 undertake, the support structure 6 is composed of the support column 2, the horizontal load 11 support structure 5 is assumed, the support structure 5 is composed of the support structure and the top support structure 9, the bulging load 12 is carried by the anti-lobe structure 8, the anti-lobe structure 8 For the virtual bottom plate 23 anti-long, resource utilization and use, the use of ground height 109, municipal facilities, general construction three, ground height by non-machine platform, ground The composition of the cross-border, high-rise interchange, and interchange bus is based on the form of a public tunnel 66, which integrates its resources and an ultimate development. The construction method includes two types: the self-supporting structure 1 and the auxiliary structure construction method. The ultimate method consists of a circular structure method and a non-circular combination method. The circular structure method consists of a circular support structure and a virtual base plate anti-lobe. The combination method consists of a structural method and an island method. The linear structure is a self-supporting method. The structure 1 is composed of a support structure 6, a support structure 7, a support structure 5, and an anti-cold structure 8, and the support structure 5 is composed of a support structure and a top support structure 9: The linear structure ultimate structure is a beam-span structure The structure has two structures: an arch plate beam structure and a flat beam plate structure. The arch beam and beam plate enclosing structure is composed of a vertical beam 4 and an arch plate 3, and the flat beam plate enclosing structure is composed of a vertical beam 4 and a flat plate. The structure has a continuous wall, a supporting sinking hole, and an impact-supporting flat beam-slab structure; the top-supporting structure 9 of the linear structure ultimate method has two types of a lateral strut structure and a longitudinal strut structure, and the transverse strut has a girder strut structure, Impact top support , Three kinds caisson roof support structure protection, Shen beam The base beam-supporting structure 77 of the top support structure is composed of a sinker beam reinforcement structure 25, a sinker beam groove structure 26, a sinker beam π-shaped structure 27, a sinker beam working channel 24 and a recessed groove 22, and the sinker beam is supported at both ends. The beam working channel 24, the sinking beam working channel 24 is a girder earthwork and a construction channel, the girder strut structure has an integral girder strut structure and a combined girder strut structure, and the combined girder strut structure is composed of a partial girder The top support and the extension long beam top support, the impact top support structure has two kinds of impact striking structure and the overall impact strut structure, the longitudinal structure has top support, tie rod, vertical reinforcement of the shaft; linear structure ultimate method The anti-long structure 8 has two supporting anti-lobe structures and a virtual bottom plate 23 anti-lobe. The supporting anti-long structure has two kinds of inverted cantilever supporting anti-long structure and simple supporting anti-lobe structure, and the cantilever branch below the structural bottom plate 13 The retaining structure is called the inverted cantilever supporting anti-long structure, and the simple supported supporting anti-long structure 14 is formed by the bottom strut 16 and the anti-lobe support 15 supporting the anti-long structure, and the virtual bottom plate 23 is anti-long by the building anti-long Structure and measures anti-long structure, measures anti-long structure There are two kinds of anti-lobe structures and anti-lobe structures for the structure of the caisson 59; the auxiliary structure of the structure ultimate method has the 沉-shaped caisson 59, the support sinking well, the isolated digging pile, the impact support structure, the support support There are five kinds of system 70; the shape sinking well 59 is composed of a sinking well 76 and a sinking arch 75, the supporting sinking well is composed of a base sinking 54 and a supporting support system 70, and the base sinking 54 is composed of a sinking reinforcement structure. 33. The sinking trough structure 34, the sinking whole structure 35, and the trough 22; the isolated digging pile is divided into three levels according to the working chamber, the base, and the reverse shaft, and the studio has two chambers of isolated digging piles and three chambers. Two types of holes, the two-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer workshop 60 and a safety studio 61. The three-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer studio 60 and two safety studios 61; 60 and safety studio 61 are provided with a safety retaining plate 72. The base is formed with a guiding rod 84 as a core to form a base "one time" guiding frame 36. The shaft is constructed by reverse concrete, and the shaft is formed with a guiding rod 84 as a core to form a vertical "word". Guide frame 71, shaft "one word" guide frame 71 and The "one-word" guide frame 36 is a concentric structure, the former is a static guide frame, the latter is a dynamic guide frame, and the latter is sliding down along the former; the impact support structure has three levels of impact forming, supporting structure and structural form. The support structure is the support support system 70 ; the support support system 70 is composed of a jack support rod 53, a horizontal support 73, and a support top stay 74, and has two functions of support and support; a self-supporting structure of a linear structure ultimate method 1 Construction method has support structure 6 Construction method, underpinning structure 7 construction method, supporting structure 5 construction method, anti-long structure 8 construction method, supporting structure 5 construction method with retaining structure construction method and top support structure 9 construction method ;
线性结构终极法的平板梁板围护结构施工法有支护沉井、 冲击支护梁板围护结构施 工法二种， 支护沉井梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、 施工竖梁 （孔）； 2、 围护结构（墙 板）采用支护沉井施工法， 土方推入竖梁（孔） ， 直输地面， 其结构采用逆作法施工： 3、 施工竖梁结构； 冲击支护梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、 采用连续墙施工 "十字"竖梁 (带平板） ， 2、 采用冲击支护施工平板围护结构 （敷设支承支护体系） ， 3、 采用逆作 法敷设围护结构 （墙板） ， 与竖梁构成冲击支护平板梁板结构； 线性结构终极法的顶撑 结构施工法分横向顶撑施工和纵向顶撑施工二种， 横向顶撑施工有沉梁顶撑施工法、 冲 击顶撑施工法二种，沉梁顶撑施工法有整体沉梁顶撑施工法和组合沉梁顶撑施工法二种， 纵向顶撑施工有顶撑施工法； 竖井纵向加固施工法； 拉杆施工法； 线性结构终极法的沉 梁顶撑施工法有组合沉梁顶撑施工法和整体沉梁顶撑施工法二种； 组合沉梁顶撑施工法 分局部沉梁顶撑施工法、 下沉支护施工法、 随沉措施施工法、 纠偏施工法和拓长沉梁顶 撑施工法， 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程： 通过下沉顶座 30， 千斤顶 43液压底座局部沉梁顶 撑 78、 板上局部沉梁顶撑 79下沉至地面， 板上局部沉梁顶撑 81就位， 底座局部沉梁顶 撑 80就位； 下沉支护施工法采用支承支护体系 70施工法， 由底座沉梁顶撑、 板上沉梁 顶撑、 支承支护体系 70组成， 随沉措施施工法有底座随沉措施和板上随沉措施二种，底 座随沉措施为结构钢筋， 板上随沉措施为钢管顶撑； 纠偏施工法： 板下采用 π形结构水 平杆， 板上采用竖向支护杆 29， 拓长沉梁顶撑施工法是通过顶杆管洞施工法敷设， 有底 座拓长沉梁顶撑 80施工法和板上拓长沉梁顶撑 81施工法二种。 整体沉梁顶撑与组合沉 梁顶撑相同， 但无拓长顶撑； 线性结构终极法的抗隆结构 8施工法有支护抗隆结构施工 法和虚拟底板 23抗隆施工法二种， 支护抗隆结构施工与上部支护结构 5—并施工， 虚拟 底板 23抗隆施工法即措施抗隆结构施工法， 措施抗隆结构施工法根据工程抗隆监测确 定； 线性结构终极法的辅助结构施工法有 Τ形沉井施工法、 支护沉井施工法、 隔离挖孔 桩施工法、 冲击支护结构施工法、 支承支护体系 70施工法五种， Τ形沉井 59施工法为 土方开挖与 Τ形沉井 59下沉交替进行， 支护沉井施工法是通过液压支承支护体系 70使 底座沉井 54下沉， 隔离挖孔桩施工法有二室土方施工法和三室土方施工法， 二室土方施 工法于一个安全工作室 61内挖土， 一个输土工作室 60内输土， 三室土方施工法于两个 安全工作室 61内挖土， 一个输土工作室 60内输土， 两者均于安全工作室 61内挖土，其 土方直接推入输土工作室 60， 输至地面； 冲击支护结构施工法有三个层面， 一是冲击施 工法， 二是支护施工法， 三是结构施工法， 支承柱为正作法， 墙板为逆作法， 顶杆结构 为下承法； 支承支护体系 70施工法是通过千斤顶 43液压下沉； 线性结构终极法的资源 利用有用途和模式两个层面， 用途有地高 109、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由非机 平台、 地面立交、 地高立交、 立交公交组成， 按形式有一层地高、 二层地高、 铁上地高 三种， 模式为终极模式、 终极模式有综合开发和开发法则两个内容， 综合开发以公共隧 道 66形式， 对其资源进行综合一次终极开发， 开发法则有规划法则、 设计法则、 实施法 则三种； 线性结构终极法的地面立交分非互通地面立交和互通地面立交二种， 非互通地 面立交由地面直通线 110、 地面下穿线 111和右匝 95组成， 互通地面立交是在非互通地 面立交基础上， 增加道下换向左匝 88而成； 线性结构终极法的非机平台有地上非机平台 92、 地下非机平台 93二种， 非机平台平交由行人道 107和自行车道 106组成， 有非机道 环形平交 89、 信号平交两种； 线性结构终极法的地高立交为互通立交， 按立交有下穿立 交和上跨立交二种， 由地高直通线 112、 地高下穿线 113、 地高上跨线 114、 右匝 95、中 间换向左匝 96组成， 中间换向左匝 96有主线换向左匝 115、 多匝换向左匝、 单匝换向 左匝 117、 无道换向左匝 118， 地高立交的主线、 匝道均需按规范设置变坡点 105; 线性 结构终极法的立交公交有公交组成、 公交换乘二个层面， 公交由站位、 竖梯、 通道组成， 站位有内站 98和外站 100二种， 竖梯有内梯 99、 中间梯 91、 上层外梯 104、 下层外梯 103、 平台梯 90， 通道有主线通道 101、 匝道通道 102 ; 公交换乘为一站换乘， 其换乘是 通过中间梯 91、 地高进出信号安全区 119实现。 The construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the linear structure ultimate method includes two methods: the supporting sinking well and the impact supporting beam slab retaining structure construction method. The construction method of supporting the sinking beam and slab retaining structure is divided into three steps: 1. Construction Vertical beam (hole); 2, the envelope structure (wall panel) adopts the support sinking construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the vertical beam (hole), and the ground is directly transported, and the structure is constructed by the reverse method: 3. The construction vertical beam structure; The construction method of the impact-supporting beam-slab retaining structure is divided into three steps: 1. The continuous-wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate), 2. The impact-supporting construction flat retaining structure (laying support and support system), 3 The reverse structure is used to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam is used to form the impact-supporting flat beam-slab structure; the top-support structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method is divided into two types: lateral bracing construction and longitudinal bracing construction. There are two kinds of construction methods: the girder top support construction method and the impact top support construction method. The girder top support construction method has two kinds of integral girder top support construction method and combined girder top support construction method, and the longitudinal bracing construction has top support. Construction method; vertical reinforcement construction of shaft Method; drawbar construction method; vertical beam top support construction method of linear structure ultimate method has two kinds of combined girder strut construction method and integral girder top support construction method; combined girder top support construction method is divided into partial girder top support construction Method, sinking and supporting construction method, construction method with sinking measures, method of correcting deviation and construction method of extension beam and top support, partial pile beam supporting construction process: through sinking top seat 30, jack 43 hydraulic base partial sinking beam The top support 78 and the partial girder struts 79 on the plate sink to the ground, and the partial girder struts 81 on the plate are in position, and the partial girder struts 80 of the pedestal are in place; the supporting and supporting construction method adopts the supporting support system 70 Construction method, by the base beam girder, the plate sinking beam The top support and the support support system 70 are composed of the foundation construction method according to the sinking measures and the sinking measures and the sinking measures on the board. The base is covered with the sinking measures as the structural steel bar, and the sinking measures are the steel pipe top support; : The π-shaped horizontal rod is used under the board, and the vertical supporting rod 29 is used on the board. The construction method of the extension beam is supported by the ejector hole tunnel construction method, and the base extension beam sill top 80 construction method and There are two kinds of construction methods for the extension of the beam on the plate. The overall girder struts are the same as the composite girder struts, but there is no extension struts; the linear structure ultimate method of anti-lobe structure 8 construction method has support anti-long structure construction method and virtual bottom plate 23 anti-long construction method, Supporting anti-long structure construction and upper support structure 5-and-construction, virtual bottom plate 23 anti-long construction method is the measure anti-long structure construction method, measure anti-long structure construction method is determined according to engineering anti-long monitoring; auxiliary of linear structure ultimate method The structural construction method includes five methods: the squatting caisson construction method, the support caisson construction method, the isolated digging pile construction method, the impact support structure construction method, and the support support system 70 construction method. The earthwork excavation alternates with the sinking sinking 59, and the supporting sinking construction method is to sink the base caisson 54 through the hydraulic support support system 70. The method of isolating the digging pile has a two-chamber earthwork construction method and three rooms. Earthwork construction method, two-room earthwork construction method excavated in a safety studio 61, soil transfer in a soil transfer studio 60, three-room earthwork construction method excavated in two safety studios 61, a soil transfer studio 60 Inner soil, two Excavated in the safety studio 61, the earthwork is directly pushed into the soil transfer studio 60, and transferred to the ground; the impact support structure construction method has three levels, one is the impact construction method, the other is the support construction method, and the third is Structural construction method, the supporting column is the positive method, the wall plate is the reverse method, the ejector structure is the lower bearing method; the supporting support system 70 is constructed by the hydraulic pressure sinking of the jack 43; the resource utilization of the linear structure ultimate method has its purpose and mode Two levels, the use of ground height 109, municipal facilities, general construction three kinds, the ground height consists of non-machine platform, ground interchange, high ground interchange, interchange bus, in the form of a layer of ground height, two floors of ground, iron There are three types of land, the model is the ultimate mode, and the ultimate mode has two principles of comprehensive development and development. The comprehensive development is in the form of a public tunnel 66. The ultimate development of its resources is integrated. The development rules include planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules. Kind of ground structure intersection method of non-interchangeable ground interchange and inter-ground interchange, non-interconnected ground interchange by ground straight line 11 0. The ground under the line 111 and the right 匝 95 are composed. The intercommunication ground crossing is based on the non-interconnected ground interchange, and the sub-transfer to the left 匝88 is added. The non-machine platform of the linear structure ultimate method has the above-ground non-machine platform 92. There are two types of underground non-machine platforms 93. The non-machine platform leveling consists of a walkway 107 and a bicycle lane 106. There are two types of non-airway circular crossings and signal crossings. The linear structure of the ultimate method is an interchange. According to the interchange, there are two types of underpass and upper crossover, consisting of a ground straight line 112, a ground height thread 113, a ground height upper line 114, a right side 95, and a middle shift left side 96. 96 has main line reversal left 匝 115, multi 匝 reversing left 匝, single 匝 reversing left 匝 117, no way reversing left 匝 118, the main line and ramp of the ground high interchange are required to set the slope point 105 according to the specification; The structure of the ultimate method of public transport bus has a bus, the public exchange by two levels, the bus consists of station, vertical ladder, channel, station has two stations, the internal station 98 and the external station 100, the ladder has an internal ladder 99, the middle ladder 91. The upper outer ladder 104, the lower outer ladder 103, and the platform ladder 90, The channel has a main line channel 101 and a ramp channel 102; the public exchange is a one-stop transfer, and the transfer is realized by the intermediate ladder 91 and the ground height in and out signal safety zone 119.
本发明结构终极法有自立结构、 公共隧道、 辅助结构三个层面； 自立结构是结构终 极法的核心， 也是敷设公共隧道 （地下框架结构） 的安全保障， 辅助结构是实现自立结 构的措施结构； 结构终极法由结构法和终极法组成， 资源开发采用结构法， 分结构和施 工二个层面， 结构为自立结构， 由支承结构、 托换结构、 支护结构、 抗隆结构等组成， 施工融合多种现代土建和勘察施工工艺而成， 结构、 施工按现行规范执行， 施工过程中， 工程不受地质特性控制， 与岩土工程理论无关。 资源利用采用终极法， 分用途和模式， 用途以地高为主， 市政设施、 通用建筑为辅， 模式以公共隧道形式对资源进行综合、 一 次终极开发； 结构终极法按线性结构终极法和点块结构终极法分别叙述于此。 The ultimate method of the structure of the invention has three levels of self-supporting structure, public tunnel and auxiliary structure; the self-supporting structure is the core of the structural ultimate method, and is also the safety guarantee for laying a public tunnel (underground frame structure), and the auxiliary structure is a measure structure for realizing the self-supporting structure; The structural ultimate method consists of the structural method and the ultimate method. The resource development adopts the structural method, the substructure and the construction. The structure is the self-supporting structure, which consists of the supporting structure, the supporting structure, the supporting structure and the anti-long structure. It is made up of a variety of modern civil works and surveying construction techniques. The structure and construction are carried out according to the current specifications. During the construction process, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics and has nothing to do with geotechnical engineering theory. Resource utilization adopts the ultimate method, sub-use and mode, The application is mainly based on ground height, supplemented by municipal facilities and general buildings. The model integrates resources in the form of public tunnels and an ultimate development. The structure ultimate method is described in the linear structure ultimate method and the point block structure ultimate method.
甲、 线性结构终极法  A, linear structure ultimate method
结构终极法用于城市道路下地下空间资源开发利用， 其结构终极法称为线性结构终 极法， 按资源开发、 资源利用二个层面分别叙述。  The structural ultimate method is used for the development and utilization of underground space resources under urban roads. The ultimate method of structure is called the linear structure ultimate method, which is described separately in terms of resource development and resource utilization.
一、 资源开发  First, resource development
线性地下空间资源开发采用结构法， 分结构 （设计） 和施工 （工艺） 二个层面。 一） 结构  The development of linear underground space resources uses two methods: structural method, substructure (design) and construction (process). a) structure
结构按自立结构、 公共隧道、 辅助结构等分别叙述。  The structure is described in terms of a self-supporting structure, a public tunnel, an auxiliary structure, and the like.
(一） 自立结构  (1) Self-supporting structure
自立结构按由支承结构、 托换结构、 支护结构、 抗隆结构等分别叙述。  The self-supporting structure is described separately by the support structure, the underpinning structure, the supporting structure, and the anti-longing structure.
1、 支承结构  1, support structure
支承覆盖地层和公共隧道荷载的结构称其为支承结构， 支承结构按支承柱、支承柱 基础等分别叙述。  The structure supporting the bearing layer and the common tunnel load is referred to as a supporting structure, and the supporting structure is described separately according to the supporting column and the supporting column foundation.
1 ) 支承柱  1) Support column
支承柱有隔离挖孔支承柱、沖击支承柱等二种。 隔离挖孔支承柱， 采用隔离挖孔竖 井敷设支承柱， 其柱称为隔离挖孔支承柱。 冲击支承柱， 采用冲击支护竖井敷设支承柱， 其柱称为冲击支承柱。  The support column has two types: an isolated digging support column and an impact support column. The digging support column is isolated, and the support column is laid by the isolation digging shaft, and the column is called the isolation digging support column. For the impact support column, the support column is laid by the impact support shaft, and the column is called the impact support column.
2 ) 支承桩基础  2) Support pile foundation
支承柱基础有单桩基础和多桩基础二种。  The support column foundation has two types: single pile foundation and multiple pile foundation.
2、 托换结构  2, the replacement structure
支承覆盖地层等竖向荷载的结构称其为托换结构。 托换结构有单层、 双层托换结构 二种。 单层托换结构仅有一衬， 由纵梁支承， 双层托换结构由一衬和二衬拱板组成， 一 衬称为托换结构， 属于施工措施， 二衬为现浇结构， 属于结构部分。 纵梁支承于围护结 构和支承柱上。  The structure supporting the vertical load such as covering the ground is called the underpinning structure. The underpinning structure has two types: single layer and double layer underpinning structure. The single-layer underpinning structure has only one lining, which is supported by the longitudinal beam. The double-layer underpinning structure is composed of a lining and a second lining arching plate. One lining is called a supporting structure, which belongs to the construction measure, and the second lining is a cast-in-situ structure, belonging to the structure. section. The stringers are supported on the retaining structure and the support column.
3、 支护结构  3, support structure
支护结构由围护结构和顶撑结构构成。  The support structure is composed of a retaining structure and a top support structure.
1 ) 围护结构  1) Enclosure structure
围护结构为梁板围护结构， 其结构有拱板梁板围护结构和平板梁板围护结构二种， 前者受力模型为： 土压力一一拱板一一竖梁一一顶撑结构， 拱板梁板围护结构采用连续 墙； 后者受力模型为： 土压力一一平板一一水平暗梁一一竖梁一一顶撑结构。 平板梁板 结构以平板命名， 其结构有支护沉井、 冲击支护、 连续墙平板梁板围护结构三种。 前二 种 （支护沉井、 冲击支护） 平板梁板结构的围护机构即墙板结构。 后者 （连续墙） 施工 阶段为 T型结构， 即竖梁两侧的平板为悬臂板， 工程阶段增设墙板构成复合结构， 改变 其原有受力状态。 T型结构为特殊平板梁板围护结构， 施工、 工程阶段， 受力各不相同。  The retaining structure is a beam and slab retaining structure, and its structure has two kinds of arch slab beam retaining structure and slab beam and slab retaining structure. The former force model is: earth pressure one arch, one vertical beam one by one Structure, the arched beam and slab retaining structure adopts continuous wall; the latter force model is: earth pressure one by one, one horizontal one, one horizontal beam, one vertical beam, one top support structure. The slab beam plate structure is named after the plate, and its structure has three kinds of support sinking wells, impact support, and continuous wall slab beam and slab retaining structure. The first two types (supporting caisson, impact support), the lining beam and slab structure of the envelope mechanism is the wall panel structure. The latter (continuous wall) construction stage is T-shaped structure, that is, the flat plate on both sides of the vertical beam is a cantilever plate, and the wall plate is added to form a composite structure in the engineering stage to change its original stress state. The T-shaped structure is a special flat beam and slab retaining structure, and the construction and engineering stages are different.
2)顶撑结构  2) Top support structure
顶撑结构按竖向、 平面以及连接和节点分别叙述。 ( 1 ) 按竖向 The top support structure is described separately in the vertical direction, the plane, and the connections and nodes. (1) by vertical
顶撑结构按竖向有板上顶撑、 板下顶撑二种。 结构底板上的顶撑称为板上顶撑，为 工具式钢结构； 结构底板下的顶撑称为板下顶撑， 为一次性钢筋混凝土结构。  The top support structure has two kinds of top support and vertical support under the board. The top support on the structural bottom plate is called the plate top support, which is a tool steel structure; the top support under the structural bottom plate is called the under-plate top support, which is a disposable reinforced concrete structure.
( 2 ) 按平面  ( 2 ) by plane
按平面有横向结构和纵向结构二种。  There are two kinds of horizontal structures and vertical structures according to the plane.
A、 横向结构  A, horizontal structure
横向结构有沉梁顶撑结构、冲击顶撑结构、支护沉井顶撑结构（见支护沉井）三种。 A)沉梁顶撑结构  The transverse structure has three kinds of girder struts, impact struts, and supporting caisson struts (see supporting sinking wells). A) Shen beam struts
沉梁顶撑结构有整体沉梁顶撑结构、 组合沉梁顶撑结构二种。  The pile-supporting structure of the girder has two kinds of integral girder strut structure and combined girder strut structure.
( A) 整体沉梁顶撑结构  (A) integral girder strut structure
沉梁顶撑结构全长下沉， 其结构称为整体沉梁顶撑结构。整体沉梁顶撑结构是对组 合沉梁结构而言， 其实整体沉梁顶撑结构即沉梁顶撑结构。 沉梁顶撑结构是通过底座沉 梁顶撑敷设。 底座沉梁顶撑按竖向、 平面分别叙述。 按竖向， 底座沉梁顶撑由沉梁加固 结构、 沉梁嵌槽结构、 沉梁 形结构组成。 沉梁 形结构相当于一根 π形梁， 在其 π形 梁外侧设置纠偏水平杆， 沉梁 π形结构是沉梁下沉和挖土工作室。 在沉梁 π形结构上面 设有沉梁加固结构， 沉梁嵌槽结构， 是敷设竖向支护杆的工作室。 沉梁顶撑的下沉支护 是由沉梁 π形结构、 支承支护体系、 沉梁工具式钢管顶撑组成。 从平面， 底座沉梁顶撑 中间为沉梁 π形结构等， 两侧为竖井， 坚井是土方开挖和沉梁下沉的工作通道。 板下沉 梁顶撑为钢筋混凝土结构， 其形式有二， 一是底座顶撑， 即在底座沉梁内敷设钢筋混凝 土而成， 二是现浇顶撑， 现浇顶撑设在沉梁 π形结构上面， 直接现浇钢筋混凝土而成。 根据框架结构深度和地质特性， 板上、 板下沉梁顶撑的数量按设计确定。 从工作原理， 沉梁顶撑是依托底座沉梁顶撑液压下沉。  The girder struts have a full-length sinking structure, and the structure is called an integral girder strut structure. The overall girder strut structure is for the combined girder structure. In fact, the integral girder strut structure is the girder strut structure. The girder struts are laid through the base beam. The top beam of the base beam is described in the vertical direction and the plane. In the vertical direction, the top beam struts of the base are composed of a reinforced beam structure, a sinker beam structure, and a sinker beam structure. The girder-shaped structure is equivalent to a π-shaped beam, and a rectifying horizontal rod is arranged outside the π-shaped beam. The grading beam π-shaped structure is a sinking beam sinking and excavation working chamber. On the girders of the girder, there is a reinforced beam structure, and the girder-embedded structure is a working chamber for laying vertical support bars. The sinking support of the sill beam is composed of a sloping beam π-shaped structure, a supporting support system, and a sinking beam tool-type steel pipe top support. From the plane, the top of the sill beam is supported by the sloping beam π-shaped structure, and the shaft is on both sides. The well is the working channel for earthwork excavation and sinking beam sinking. The slab-supported girders are reinforced concrete structures. There are two forms, one is the base struts, that is, the reinforced concrete is laid in the girder of the base, the second is the cast-in-place struts, and the cast-in-place struts are placed on the girder π. Above the shape structure, directly cast reinforced concrete. According to the depth and geological characteristics of the frame structure, the number of sill braces on the plate and the slab is determined by design. From the working principle, the sill beam is supported by the hydraulic support of the base beam.
( Β ) 组合沉梁顶撑结构  ( Β ) Combined girder struts
组合沉梁顶撑结构由局部沉梁顶撑和拓长沉梁顶撑组成。 沉梁顶撑仅部份下沉， 其 顶撑称为局部沉梁顶撑。 局部沉梁顶撑的剩余部份称其为拓长沉梁顶撑。  The combined girder struts are composed of partial girder struts and extension girders. The top support of the girder is only partially sunken, and the top support is called a partial girder support. The remainder of the partial girder struts is referred to as the extension girder struts.
a、 局部沉梁顶撑  a, partial girder support
局部沉梁顶撑与整体沉梁顶撑相同， 不赘述。  The partial girder struts are the same as the integral girder struts, and are not described here.
b、 拓长顶撑结构  b, extension of the top support structure
拓长顶撑结构是通过顶杆管洞敷设， 有板上拓长沉梁顶撑、板下拓长沉梁顶撑二种， 顶杆管洞由顶杆、 格栅、 内环组成。  The extension of the top support structure is laid through the ejector hole, and there are two kinds of extensions of the slab and the top of the slab. The stern tube is composed of a ejector, a grille and an inner ring.
B、 冲击顶撑结构  B. Impact strut structure
冲击顶撑结构有分段、 整体冲击顶撑结构二种。 冲击顶撑采用分段冲击成型， 其结 构称为分段冲击顶撑结构； 冲击顶撑采用全长冲击成型， 其结构称为整体冲击顶撑结构。 冲击顶撑结构用于乱石、 建筑垃圾地层。  The impact ejector structure has two types of segmented and integral impact struts. The impact struts are formed by segmental impact forming, and the structure is called a segmented impact struts; the impact struts are formed by full-length impact molding, and the structure is called an integral impact struts. The impact roof structure is used for rock and construction waste formations.
( 2 ) 纵向结构  (2) Longitudinal structure
纵向结构有顶撑、 拉杆、 竖井加固三种。 顶撑详见横向顶撑。 拉杆为斜拉杆， 斜拉 杆对称设置， 从上层框架结构与下层支承柱斜拉。 竖井加固是通过支承柱与竖井护壁加 固而成。 ( 3 ) 连接与节点 The longitudinal structure has three types: top support, tie rod and shaft reinforcement. See the lateral support for the top support. The pull rod is a diagonal pull rod, and the diagonal pull rod is symmetrically arranged, and is obliquely pulled from the upper frame structure and the lower support column. Shaft reinforcement is reinforced by support columns and shaft retaining walls. (3) Connections and nodes
顶撑结构采用混凝土连接， 便于顶撑拆除， 支承柱与顶撑采用工具式钢结构结点。 4、 抗隆结构  The top support structure is connected by concrete, which is convenient for the top support to be removed, and the support column and the top support are made of tool steel structure joints. 4, anti-long structure
抗隆结构有支护抗隆结构和配重抗隆结构二种。  The anti-long structure has two kinds of support anti-lobe structure and counterweight anti-lobe structure.
1 ) 支护抗隆结构  1) Supporting anti-lobe structure
通过支护结构实现抗隆， 其结构称为支护抗隆结构。 支护抗隆结构设置后， 不能随 意变动， 所以， 支护抗隆结构又称其为静态抗隆。 支护抗隆结构有倒悬臂抗隆结构和简 支抗隆结构二种。  The anti-lobe is realized by the supporting structure, and the structure thereof is called the supporting anti-lobe structure. After the support anti-lobe structure is set, it cannot be changed arbitrarily. Therefore, the support anti-lobe structure is also called static anti-lobe. The supporting anti-long structure has two kinds of inverted cantilever anti-long structure and simple anti-long structure.
( 1 ) 倒悬臂抗隆结构  (1) inverted cantilever structure
底板顶撑下面的倒悬臂支护结构阻止土体隆起， 其抗隆结构称为倒悬臂抗隆结构。 The inverted cantilever support structure under the bottom support of the bottom plate prevents the soil from rising, and the anti-long structure is called the inverted cantilever anti-long structure.
( 2 ) 简支抗隆结构 (2) Simple support anti-long structure
底板顶撑下面的简支支护结构阻止土体隆起， 其抗隆结构称为简支抗隆结构。 支护 抗隆结构由底板顶撑和抗隆顶撑共同支撑支护结构而成。  The simple support structure under the top support of the bottom plate prevents the soil from rising, and the anti-long structure is called the simple support anti-long structure. Support The anti-long structure is formed by the support of the bottom support and the anti-lobe support.
2 ) 配重抗隆结构  2) Counterweight anti-long structure
配重抗隆结构是利用物体重量阻止土体隆起， 其抗隆结构称为配重抗隆结构。 配重 抗隆结构由建筑配重抗隆结构与措施配重抗隆结构组成， 配重抗隆结构可理解为结构底 板下面的虚拟底板， 所以， 配重抗隆结构又称其为虚拟底板抗隆。 措施配重抗隆结构按 实际抗隆监测设计， 所以又称为动态抗隆结构。  The weight-bearing anti-lobe structure is to use the weight of the object to prevent the soil from rising, and the anti-lobe structure is called the counterweight anti-lobe structure. The counterweight anti-lobe structure consists of the building counterweight anti-long structure and the measure counterweight anti-lobe structure. The counterweight anti-lobe structure can be understood as the virtual bottom plate under the structural bottom plate. Therefore, the counterweight anti-lobe structure is also called the virtual bottom plate anti-cold structure. Long. The measure weight-bearing anti-long structure is designed according to the actual anti-long monitoring, so it is also called dynamic anti-long structure.
( 1 ) 建筑抗隆结构  (1) Building anti-long structure
利用框架结构的重量阻止土体隆起， 其抗隆结构称为建筑配重抗隆结构。  The weight of the frame structure is used to prevent the uplift of the soil, and the anti-long structure is called the building weight anti-long structure.
( 2)措施抗隆结构  (2) Measures against the structure
措施抗隆结构， 是指框架结构土方开挖时， 支护抗隆结构 （倒悬臂抗隆结构或简支 抗隆结构） 不能有效阻止土体隆起， 需要及时采用措施抗隆结构阻止框架结构内土体隆 起， 其结构称为措施抗隆结构。 实际上， 措施抗隆结构是与框架结构共同组成配重抗隆 结构， 阻止土体隆起。 建筑抗隆结构已经存在， 关键是措施抗隆结构敷设。 措施抗隆结 构有 T形沉井措施抗隆结构、 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构二种。  The anti-lobe structure refers to the support structure of the frame structure when the earthwork is excavated. The anti-lobe structure (inverted cantilever structure or simply supported anti-lobe structure) can not effectively prevent the uplift of the soil. It is necessary to adopt measures to prevent the structure of the structure from being blocked in time. The soil is bulged and its structure is called the anti-long structure. In fact, the measure anti-long structure is combined with the frame structure to form a counterweight anti-long structure, which prevents the soil from rising. The anti-long structure of the building already exists, and the key is to measure the anti-long structure laying. The anti-cave structure of the measures has two kinds of anti-long structure, T-shaped caisson measures, and anti-lobe structure.
( 1 ) T形沉井措施抗隆结构  (1) T-shaped caisson measures anti-long structure
T形沉井措施抗隆结构是将 T形沉井下沉至底板下面， 沉井敷设钢筋混凝土底板， 并从沉井内向外高压注浆或通过水平旋喷搅拌， 使沉井外土体变为结石， 沉井内填土， 构成 T形沉井措施抗隆结构。  The T-shaped caisson measures anti-lobe structure is to sink the T-shaped caisson to the bottom of the floor, and the caisson is laid with reinforced concrete floor, and the high-pressure grouting from the inside of the caisson or the horizontal jet-jet mixing makes the soil outside the sinking well become Stones, filled in the caisson, constitute a T-shaped sinking measures anti-long structure.
( 2 ) 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构  (2) Rotary spray mixing measures anti-long structure
旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构是在框架结构内， 敷设竖向旋喷搅拌， 使土体变为结石， 实 现旋喷搅拌桩阻止土体隆起， 其抗隆结构称为旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构。  The anti-lobe structure of the rotary jet mixing method is in the frame structure, the vertical swirling spray is applied to make the soil become a stone, and the rotary jet mixing pile is prevented from blocking the soil uplift. The anti-long structure is called the jet-jet stirring anti-long structure. .
覆盖地层等竖向荷载、土体向上隆起荷载和土压力水平荷载均由自立结构自身承担， 其设计、 施工按现行结构规范执行。 自立结构是敷设公共隧道的安全保障。  The vertical load such as covering the stratum, the upward uplift load of the soil and the horizontal load of the earth pressure are all undertaken by the self-supporting structure itself, and the design and construction are carried out according to the current structural specifications. The self-supporting structure is a safety guarantee for laying public tunnels.
(二） 公共隧道  (ii) Public tunnel
地下空间资源从开发、 利用层面， 称其为结构终极法； 从用途、 模式层面， 称其为 公共隧道法。 准确地讲， 公共隧道法对其资源实施综合、 一次终极开发， 只有在公共隧 道法前提下， 框架结构才能界定为公共隧道， 否则， 不能称其为公共隧道。 公共隧道按 框架结构、 抗隆结构、 墙板结构分别叙述。 From the level of development and utilization, the underground space resources are called the ultimate method of structure; from the use and mode level, it is called Public tunnel law. To be precise, the public tunneling method implements a comprehensive and one-time development of its resources. Only under the premise of the public tunneling method can the framework structure be defined as a public tunnel. Otherwise, it cannot be called a public tunnel. The public tunnels are described separately according to the frame structure, the anti-long structure and the wall panel structure.
一） 框架结构  a) Frame structure
地下工程为框架结构， 有常规框架结构和混合框架结构两种。 所谓混合框架结构是 指框架结构下面设置大型雨水排水管网 （管道） ， 实际上， 混合框架结构是由框架结构 和框架结构下面的管网组成。 管网设计因工程而异， 可设置于框架结构内或框架结构下 面。  Underground engineering is a frame structure, which has two kinds of conventional frame structure and hybrid frame structure. The so-called hybrid frame structure means that a large rainwater drainage pipe network (pipe) is arranged under the frame structure. In fact, the hybrid frame structure is composed of a frame structure and a pipe network below the frame structure. The pipe network design varies from project to project and can be placed inside or under the frame structure.
二） 抗隆结构  b) anti-long structure
按抗隆结构有无抗隆结构和有抗隆结构两种。 有抗隆结构是根据抗隆监测， 设置虚 拟底板抗隆结构。  According to the anti-long structure, there are two kinds of anti-long structure and anti-long structure. The anti-long structure is based on the anti-long monitoring, and the virtual floor anti-lobe structure is set.
三） 墙板结构  c) Wall panel structure
墙板结构即围护结构， 根据自立结构理论， 墙板结构为梁板结构。  The wall panel structure is the envelope structure. According to the theory of self-supporting structure, the wall panel structure is a beam and slab structure.
(三） 辅助结构  (iii) Auxiliary structure
辅助结构有 τ形沉井、 支护沉井、 隔离挖孔桩、 冲击支护结构、 支承支护体系等五 种。  The auxiliary structure includes five types: τ-shaped caisson, support caisson, isolated digging pile, impact support structure and support and support system.
1、 τ形沉井  1. τ-shaped sinking well
τ形沉井由沉井拱座和沉井井筒组成， 沉井拱座上部为拱形， 沉井井筒为圆形， 沉 井拱座为挖土、 下沉工作室， 井筒为输土、 施工工作通道。 其工作原理与一般沉井相同， 但结构不同。  The τ-shaped sinking well consists of a sinking arch and a sinking well. The upper part of the sinking arch is arched, the sinking well is round, the sinking arch is the excavation and sinking studio, and the wellbore is for soil and construction. Working channel. Its working principle is the same as that of a general sinking well, but its structure is different.
2、 支护沉井  2, support sinking well
支护沉井 （支护沉井亦称为支护沉板） 分底座沉井和支承支护体系两个层面， 底座 沉井由沉井加固结构、 沉井嵌槽结构和沉井底座结构组成。 沉井嵌槽结构设有嵌槽。 支 承支护体系是通过液压将底座沉井下沉， 用于墙板结构、 顶撑结构敷设。 采用支护沉井 敷设的墙板结构， 称其为支护沉井墙板结构。 釆用支护沉井敷设顶撑结构， 其结构称为 支护沉井顶撑结构。 顶撑结构是支护沉井支承支护体系的组成部分。  Supporting sinking wells (supporting sinking wells, also known as supporting sinking plates) are divided into two levels: the foundation sinking well and the supporting support system. The base sinking well consists of the sinking well reinforcement structure, the sinking well groove structure and the sinking well base structure. . The sinking slot structure is provided with a recessed groove. The support and support system is to sink the base sinking by hydraulic pressure, and is used for laying the wall panel structure and the top support structure. The wallboard structure laid by the support sinking well is called the supporting sinking wallboard structure.顶 Supporting the caisson to lay the struts, the structure of which is called supporting the caisson struts. The top support structure is an integral part of the support bearing support system.
3、 隔离挖孔桩  3, isolated digging pile
隔离挖孔桩不同于现有挖孔桩， 其竖井可为圆、 椭圆、 矩形等任意形状。 将隔离挖 孔桩平面划分为安全、 输土工作室， 安全工作室为土方挖掘工作室， 输土工作室为土方 输送工作通道， 在两室间设置安全挡土板。 根据隔离挖孔桩的大小， 有二室隔离挖孔桩 和三室隔离挖孔桩二种。 以导向杆为核心的底座 "一字" 导向架具有动态特性， 以导向 杆为核心的竖井 "一字" 导向架具有静态特性， 两者为同心结构， 随隔离挖孔桩土方挖 掘， 底座 "一字"导向架可自由地沿竖井 "一字"导向架滑动下移。  The isolated digging pile is different from the existing digging pile, and the shaft can be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse or a rectangle. The isolated digging pile plane is divided into a safe and soil-transporting studio, the safety studio is a earth-moving excavation studio, the soil-transporting studio is a earthwork conveying working channel, and a safety retaining plate is arranged between the two chambers. According to the size of the isolated digging pile, there are two types of two-chamber isolation digging piles and three-chamber isolation digging piles. The "one-word" guide frame with the guide rod as the core has dynamic characteristics. The shaft "one-word" guide frame with the guide rod as the core has static characteristics. The two are concentric structures, and the earthwork excavated with the isolated digging pile, the base" The word "guide frame" is free to slide down the "slot" guide frame along the shaft.
4、 冲击支护结构  4, impact support structure
冲击支护结构有三个层面： 一冲击成型； 二支护结构； 三结构形式。 冲击支护结构 适用于建筑垃圾复杂地层。 冲击成型有孔状、 线性二种； 支护结构为支承支护体系， 支 承支护体系分段组成； 结构形式有支承柱、 墙板结构、 顶撑结构， 亦称为冲击支护支承 柱、 冲击支护墙板结构、 冲击支护顶撑结构。 The impact support structure has three levels: one impact molding; two support structures; three structural forms. The impact support structure is suitable for complex formations of construction waste. The impact forming has two kinds of holes and linear; the supporting structure is a supporting support system, and the supporting support system is composed of segments; the structural form has a supporting column, a wall plate structure and a top bracing structure, which is also called impact support support. Column, impact support wall panel structure, impact support roof structure.
5、 支承支护体系  5, support support system
支承支护体系由立杆、 水平支护杆和水平顶撑组成， 立杆可采用千斤顶支承杆或对 其加固， 具有支承、 支护两种功能。 支承功能是指液压对底座 （底座沉井、 底座沉梁顶 撑） 加压支承功能； 支护功能是指对竖向支护杆的支护功能。 支承支护体系用于支护沉 井墙板结构和沉梁顶撑。  The support and support system consists of a pole, a horizontal support rod and a horizontal top support. The pole can be reinforced by a jack support rod and has two functions of support and support. The supporting function refers to the hydraulic support function of the base (base sinking and base girder supporting); the supporting function refers to the supporting function of the vertical supporting rod. The support and support system is used to support the sinking wall panel structure and the countersunk roof stay.
辅助结构是敷设自立结构不可或缺的措施结构。  The auxiliary structure is an indispensable measure structure for laying the self-supporting structure.
二） 施工  b) Construction
施工按自立结构施工法、 公共隧道施工法、 辅助结构施工法分别叙述。  The construction is described separately according to the self-supporting construction method, the public tunnel construction method, and the auxiliary structure construction method.
(一） 自立结构施工法  (1) Self-supporting structure construction method
自立结构施工有支承结构施工法、 顶板结构施工法、 支护结构施工法、 抗隆结构施 工法四种。  The self-supporting structure construction has four types: support structure construction method, roof structure construction method, support structure construction method and anti-long structure construction method.
1、 支承结构施工法  1. Support structure construction method
支承结构施工法按支承柱基础施工法和支承柱施工法分别叙述。  The support structure construction method is described separately according to the support column foundation construction method and the support column construction method.
( 1 ) 支承柱基础施工法  (1) Support column foundation construction method
支承柱基础施工法有单桩基础施工法和多桩基础施工法二种， 单桩基础的支承柱支 承于单桩之上， 桩的种类根据工程确定， 多桩基础的支承柱支承于多桩之上， 多桩基础 关健是承台施工， 多桩承台采用顶杆管洞、 注浆工艺敷设， 然后在承台上敷设支承柱。  The support column foundation construction method includes a single pile foundation construction method and a multi-pile foundation construction method. The support column of the single pile foundation is supported on a single pile, and the type of the pile is determined according to the project, and the support columns of the multi-pile foundation are supported by the plurality of piles. Above, the multi-pile foundation is the construction of the cap, the multi-pile cap is laid by the ejector hole and the grouting process, and then the support column is laid on the cap.
( 2) 支承柱施工法  (2) Support column construction method
支承柱施工采用隔离挖孔支承柱施工法和冲击支承柱施工法施工竖井， 支承柱在竖 井内施工。  The support column construction adopts the isolation digging support column construction method and the impact support column construction method to construct the shaft, and the support column is constructed in the vertical shaft.
2、 托换结构施工法  2. Underpinning structure construction method
托换结构施工法分逆作顶板施工法、 托换顶板施工法二种。 逆作顶板施工法采用明 挖工艺施工。 托换顶板施工法采用暗挖工艺。  The underpinning structure construction method is divided into two types: the reverse construction method and the roof replacement construction method. The reverse roof construction method is constructed by the open cut process. The undercut roof construction method uses an undercut process.
3、 支护结构施工法  3. Support structure construction method
支护结构施工法有二： 一、 围护结构施工法； 二、 顶撑结构施工法。  There are two construction methods for supporting structures: 1. Construction method of retaining structure; 2. Construction method of supporting structure.
1 ) 围护结构施工法  1) Enclosure construction method
拱板连续墙梁板围护结构施工法不赘述。 平板梁板围护结构施工法有二： 一、 支护 沉井平板梁板围护结构施工法； 二、 冲击支护平板梁板围护结构施工法。 一、 支护沉井 平板梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、 施工竖梁 （孔） ； 2、 围护结构 （墙板） 釆用支护 沉井施工法， 其土方推入竖井 （孔） ， 直输地面， 结构采用逆作法施工； 3、 施工竖梁结 构。二、冲击支护平板梁板围护结构施工法分三步： 1、采用连续墙施工"十字"竖梁（带 平板） ； 2、 采用冲击支护施工平板围护结构 （敷设支承支护体系） ； 3、 采用逆作法敷 设围护结构 （墙板） ， 与竖梁构成冲击支护平板梁板结构。  The construction method of the arched continuous wall beam and slab retaining structure will not be described. There are two construction methods for the slab beam and slab retaining structure: 1. Supporting construction method for the sinking slab beam and slab retaining structure; 2. Construction method for impact supporting slab beam and slab retaining structure. I. Supporting the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the sinking well is divided into three steps: 1. Construction vertical beam (hole); 2. Enclosure structure (wall panel) 支 Supporting caisson construction method, the earthwork is pushed into the shaft (hole), straight to the ground, the structure is constructed by reverse engineering; 3. Construction vertical beam structure. Second, the impact support slab beam plate retaining structure construction method is divided into three steps: 1, the use of continuous wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat plate); 2, the use of impact support construction flat retaining structure (laying support support system 3, using the reverse method to lay the envelope structure (wall panel), and the vertical beam constitutes the impact support flat plate beam structure.
2 ) 顶撑结构施工法  2) Top support structure construction method
顶撑结构施工法分横向顶撑施工、 纵向顶撑施工二种。  The top support structure construction method is divided into two types: lateral jacking construction and longitudinal jacking construction.
( 1 ) 横向顶撑施工法  (1) Horizontal jacking construction method
横向顶撑施工法有沉梁顶撑、 冲击顶撑、 支护沉井 （见支护沉井施工法） 顶撑结构 施工法三种。 The transverse jacking construction method has a sill beam struts, impact struts, and supporting sinking wells (see supporting sinking construction method). Three construction methods.
A、 沉梁顶撑施工法  A, Shenliang top support construction method
沉梁顶撑施工法分组合沉梁顶撑施工法和整体沉梁顶撑施工法二种。  The construction method of the girder top support is divided into two types: the combined girder top support construction method and the integral girder top support construction method.
A) 组合沉梁顶撑施工法  A) Combined girder top support construction method
组合沉梁顶撑施工法按局部沉梁顶撑施工法、 液压下沉施工法、 随沉措施施工法、 纠偏施工法和拓长沉梁顶撑施工法分别叙述。  The combined girder strut construction method is described in the following methods: partial girder strut construction method, hydraulic subsidence construction method, construction method with sinking measures, rectification construction method and extension girder top support construction method.
(A) 局部沉梁顶撑施工法  (A) Local girder top support construction method
局部沉梁顶撑施工从上而下就位。 现按一根板上局部沉梁顶撑和一根底座局部沉梁 顶撑为例予以说明。 施工流程分三步： 底座局部沉梁顶撑、 板上局部沉梁顶撑下沉至地 面； 板上局部沉梁顶撑就位； 底座局部沉梁顶撑就位。 如果底座局部沉梁顶撑、 板下局 部沉梁顶撑均为多根， 板上局部沉梁顶撑仍依次从上而下就位， 底座局部沉梁顶撑首先 就位，但底座局部沉梁顶撑上面的局部沉梁板下顶撑应从下而上敷设板下局部拓长顶撑， 然后敷设中间板下局部沉梁顶撑。  The construction of the partial girder struts is in place from top to bottom. Now, an example is given by taking a partial girder struts on one plate and a partial girder struts on a base as an example. The construction process is divided into three steps: the partial girder struts of the base and the partial girder sills of the slab sink to the ground; the partial girder struts of the slab are in place; the partial girder struts of the pedestal are in place. If the base is partially supported by the top beam and the top of the plate is partially supported by the top of the plate, the top beam of the plate is still in position from top to bottom, and the top of the base is first placed in the top, but the base is partially sunken. The lower struts of the partial slabs above the beam struts shall be partially extended and supported from the bottom to the top of the slab, and then the partial sill bracing under the intermediate slab shall be laid.
(B) 液压下沉施工法  (B) Hydraulic sinking construction method
液压下沉施工法是通过常规千斤顶或空心千斤顶对支承支护体系加压， 敷设沉梁顶 撑。  The hydraulic sinking construction method is to pressurize the supporting support system by a conventional jack or a hollow jack, and lay the girder struts.
(C) 随沉措施施工法  (C) Construction method with sinking measures
所谓随沉措施是指局部沉梁下沉时， 拓长沉梁顶撑的结构钢筋等和钢管结构等安置 于局部沉梁顶撑内随之下沉， 属于施工措施， 所以， 称其措施为随沉措施。 随沉措施有 板下随沉措施和板上随沉措施二种。 板下随沉措施为钢筋混凝土的结构钢筋等， 板上随 沉措施为钢管结构， 否则拓长沉梁顶撑就不能实现。  The so-called sinking measure refers to the structural sinking of the steel beam structure, such as the structural steel bars and the steel pipe structure, which are placed in the top of the top beam, and the construction measures are taken. Therefore, the measures are With the sinking measures. With the sinking measures, there are two kinds of measures under the board and the sinking measures. The slab-receiving measures are reinforced concrete structural steel bars, etc., and the sinking measures are steel pipe structures. Otherwise, the extension of the girder can not be achieved.
( D) 纠偏施工法  (D) Correction construction method
板下沉梁顶撑采用水平杆纠偏， 板上沉梁顶撑采用竖向支护杆纠偏。  The horizontal support of the slab beam is corrected by the horizontal rod, and the vertical support of the slab beam is corrected by the vertical support rod.
( E) 拓长沉梁顶撑施工法  (E) Extension of the long beam top support construction method
局部板下沉梁顶撑就位后， 进行纠偏调整， 在局部沉梁顶撑内， 采用顶杆管洞施工 法拓长。 所谓顶杆管洞施工法拓长， 是依次按顶杆、 格栅、 挖土、 内环逐一施工， 将沉 梁顶撑拓长为管洞 （坑道） ， 利用随沉结构钢筋和钢管结构， 将拓长板下顶撑敷设为钢 筋混凝土结构， 板上拓长沉梁顶撑敷设为工具式钢管结构。  After the partial plate sinking beam is supported in position, the correcting and deviation adjustment is carried out. In the partial girder struts, the ejector hole pipe construction method is used for extension. The so-called ejector tube hole construction method is extended according to the ejector, grille, excavation and inner ring, and the top of the girder is extended into a pipe hole (pit), and the steel structure with steel structure is used. The top plate of the extension plate is laid as a reinforced concrete structure, and the top of the plate is set as a tool-type steel pipe structure.
B ) 整体沉梁顶撑施工法  B) Overall girder top support construction method
整体沉梁顶撑施工是全长沉梁顶撑均采用液压下沉工艺敷设， 其施工流程同局部沉 梁顶撑施工， 但无需随沉措施施工和拓长沉梁顶撑施工。  The construction of the integral girder struts is that the full-length girder struts are laid by hydraulic subsidence, and the construction process is the same as that of the partial girder struts, but it is not necessary to carry out the construction with the sinking measures and the extension of the girder.
B、 冲击顶撑施工法  B. Impact top support construction method
冲击顶撑施工法分冲击成型施工和支承支护体系施工二个层面， 冲击成型后， 再施 工支承支护体系， 顶撑结构是支承支护体系的组成部分， 应一并施工。  The impact jacking construction method divides the impact forming construction and the supporting support system construction into two layers. After the impact forming, the supporting support system is constructed. The supporting structure is a component of the supporting supporting system and should be constructed together.
( 2 ) 纵向顶撑施工法  (2) Longitudinal jacking construction method
纵向顶撑施工有顶撑结构施工法、 拉杆施工法、 加固竖井施工法。 顶杆结构施工法 (见前） 。 拉杆施工采用钻孔施工法。 加固是通过支承柱竖井护壁与土体加固顶紧， 确 保支承柱、 竖井护壁、 土体三者稳固。 4、 抗隆结构施工法 The longitudinal jacking construction has a top support structure construction method, a drawbar construction method, and a reinforcement shaft construction method. Construction method of ejector structure (see above). The drawbar construction method is adopted for the drawbar construction. The reinforcement is ensured by the support column shaft retaining wall and the soil reinforcement, ensuring that the support column, the shaft retaining wall and the soil body are stable. 4, anti-long structure construction method
抗隆结构施工有支护抗隆施工和配重抗隆施工二种。  The anti-long structure construction has two kinds of support anti-long construction and counterweight anti-long construction.
1 ) 支护抗隆施工法  1) Supporting anti-long construction method
支护抗隆施工法有倒悬臂抗隆施工法和简支抗隆施工法二种。 倒悬臂抗隆施工与围 护结构一并施工。 简支抗隆施工分二个层面： 一是支护抗隆施工， 支护抗隆施工与围护 结构一并施工； 二是顶撑施工， 顶撑施工有底板顶撑施工、 抗隆顶撑施工等二种， 其施 工与上部顶撑施工一并进行。  The supporting anti-long construction method has two kinds of inverted cantilever anti-long construction method and simple support anti-long construction method. The inverted cantilever anti-long construction is constructed together with the retaining structure. The Jianzhi anti-long construction is divided into two levels: one is to support the anti-long construction, and the supporting anti-long construction is combined with the retaining structure; the second is the top support construction, the top support construction has the bottom support construction, and the anti-long support Construction and other two types, the construction is carried out together with the upper top support construction.
2 ) 配重抗隆施工法  2) Counterweight anti-long construction method
配重抗隆施工法有建筑抗隆施工与措施抗隆施工两个层面， 建筑抗隆施工即框架结 构施工， 实际上， 配重抗隆施工是指措施抗隆施工法。 措施抗隆施工法按 T形沉井措施 抗隆施工法、 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆施工法等分别叙述。  The counterweight anti-long construction method has two levels: construction anti-long construction and measures anti-long construction. The construction anti-long construction is the framework construction. In fact, the counterweight anti-long construction refers to the measure anti-long construction method. Measures for the anti-long construction method are described in accordance with the T-shaped caisson measures, the anti-long construction method, and the rotary-jet mixing measures.
( 1 ) T形沉井措施抗隆施工法  (1) T-shaped caisson measures anti-long construction method
T形沉井措施抗隆施工法分三步， 第一步： 将 T形沉井沉至设计标高， 并采用钢筋 混凝土封底； 第二步： 在 T形沉井外高压注浆， 或通过水平旋喷搅拌， 使沉井外土体变 为结石； 第三步： 沉井内回填土。  T-shaped caisson measures The anti-long construction method is divided into three steps. The first step is to sink the T-shaped sinking well to the design elevation and use reinforced concrete to seal the bottom. Step 2: High-pressure grouting outside the T-shaped caisson, or pass the level Rotary spray mixing, the soil outside the sinking well becomes a stone; The third step: backfill in the sinking well.
( 2 ) 旋喷搅拌桩措施抗隆施工法  (2) Rotary spray mixing pile measures anti-long construction method
旋喷搅拌措施抗隆施工法是在框架结构内， 按设计要求， 通过竖向旋喷搅拌施工， 使其框架结构结构底板下土体变为结石。  Rotary spray mixing measures The anti-long construction method is carried out in the frame structure, according to the design requirements, through the vertical swirling spray mixing construction, so that the soil under the frame structure of the frame structure becomes a stone.
(二） 公共隧道施工法  (2) Public tunnel construction method
自立结构、 辅助结构施工贯穿公共隧道施工全过程。 公共隧道施工是按路段单元逐 一实施， 每段公共隧道施工类似一个基坑施工。 公共隧道施工法按框架施工法、 抗隆施 工法、 墙板施工法分别叙述。  Self-supporting structure and auxiliary structure construction run through the whole process of public tunnel construction. The construction of public tunnels is carried out one by one according to the section of the road section. Each section of the public tunnel construction is similar to a foundation pit construction. The public tunnel construction method is described separately according to the frame construction method, the anti-long construction method, and the wallboard construction method.
一） 框架施工法  a) Frame construction method
框架施工有常规框架施工法和混合框架施工法二种。 所谓混合框架结构施工法是框 架施工至底板后， 再采用支护沉井施工法和顶杆管洞施工法交替施工大型雨水管网。 大 型雨水管网施工后， 继续施工框架结构底板等。 常规框架施工法和混合框架施工法均采 用逆作施工法。  There are two types of frame construction: conventional frame construction method and hybrid frame construction method. The so-called hybrid frame structure construction method is to construct a large rainwater pipe network alternately by using the support sinking construction method and the ejector pipe hole construction method after the frame construction to the bottom plate. After the construction of the large rainwater pipe network, continue to construct the bottom plate of the frame structure. Both the conventional frame construction method and the hybrid frame construction method use the reverse construction method.
二） 抗隆施工法  b) Anti-long construction method
抗隆施工分无措施抗隆结构施工和有措施抗隆结构施工两类。 无措施隆结构施工是 指公共隧道施工不设置配重抗隆结构 （亦称为虚拟底板） ， 即无动态抗隆， 只有静态抗 隆。 有措施抗隆施工是指公共隧道施工设置配重抗隆结构， 即静态抗隆和动态抗隆兼有。 具体施工： 首先根据抗隆监测， 公共隧道施工至一定高度， 采用 T形沉井敷设配重抗隆 结构 （虚拟地板） ， 然后继续施工公共隧道。  There are no measures to prevent the construction of the anti-long structure, and there are two types of measures to prevent the construction of the anti-long structure. The construction of the unsupported structure means that the public tunnel construction does not have a counterweight anti-lobe structure (also known as a virtual bottom plate), that is, there is no dynamic anti-lobe, only static anti-lobe. There are measures to prevent the construction of the anti-high-rise, which means that the public tunnel construction is equipped with a counterweight and anti-long structure, that is, static anti-long and dynamic anti-long. Specific construction: Firstly, according to the anti-peak monitoring, the public tunnel construction to a certain height, the T-shaped sinking well is used to lay the counterweight anti-long structure (virtual floor), and then the construction of the public tunnel.
三） 墙板施工法  c) Wallboard construction method
墙板施工详见围护结构施工法。  See the construction method of the envelope structure for details of wallboard construction.
(三） 辅助结构施工法  (3) Auxiliary structure construction method
辅助结构施工有 T形沉井施工法、 支护沉井施工法、 隔离挖孔桩施工法、 冲击支护 竖井施工法、 支承支护体系施工法等五种。 1、 τ形沉井施工法 There are five kinds of auxiliary structure construction: T-shaped caisson construction method, supporting caisson construction method, isolated digging pile construction method, impact support shaft construction method and support support system construction method. 1. Construction method of τ-shaped caisson
τ形沉井与一般沉井施工工艺相同： 挖土、下沉、井筒混凝土浇灌等逐一交叉进行。 The τ-shaped sinking well is the same as the general sinking construction process: excavation, sinking, and wellbore concrete watering are carried out one by one.
2、 支护沉井施工法 2. Supporting sinking construction method
支护沉井施工法分底座沉井施工和支承支护体系施工两个层面， 底座沉井通过机具 挖土， 液压支承支护体系促使底座沉井下沉， 支承支护体系随底座沉井下沉逐一敷设。 两者交替施工， 直至底座沉井下沉设计标高为止。 支护沉井施工法有墙板支护沉井施工 法和顶撑结构支护沉井施工法二种。 墙板支护沉井施工法采用逆作法。 顶撑结构支护沉 井施工法， 其顶撑结构为支承支护体系的组成部分， 两者一并施工。  The support sinking construction method is divided into two levels: the construction of the caisson and the construction of the support and support system. The caisson of the base is excavated by the implement, and the hydraulic support system promotes the sinking of the caisson. The support and support system sinks with the sinking of the base. Laying. The two are alternately constructed until the base sinking sinks down to the design elevation. The support sinking construction method has two methods: wall panel support sinking construction method and top support structure supporting sinking construction method. The wall panel support sinking construction method adopts the reverse method. The top support structure supports the sinking construction method, and the top support structure is a component of the support support system, and the two are constructed together.
3、 隔离挖孔桩施工法  3, isolation digging pile construction method
隔离挖孔桩施工法分土方施工法和护壁施工法。 土方施工法有二室土方施工方和三 室土方施工法二种， 二室土方施工法于一个安全工作室内挖土， 一个输土工作室内输土; 三室土方施工法于两个安全工作室内挖土， 一个输土工作室内输土， 二室、 三室土方施 工法均于安全工作室内挖土， 其土方直接推入输土工作室， 输送至地面。 护壁施工法采 用逆作法。  Separation and digging pile construction method is divided into earthwork construction method and wall protection construction method. The earthwork construction method has two types of earthwork construction method and three-room earthwork construction method. The two-room earthwork construction method excavates in a safe working room, and the soil is transported in a soil working room. The three-chamber earthwork construction method excavates in two safe working rooms. , a soil transporting work room, the two-chamber, three-chamber earthwork construction methods are excavated in the safe working room, and the earthwork is directly pushed into the soil transfer studio and transported to the ground. The wall construction method uses a reverse method.
4、 冲击支护结构施工法  4. Impact support structure construction method
冲击支护结构施工法有成型、 支护、 结构施工三个层面。 一、 成型采用孔状、 线性 冲击成型； 二、 成型后， 设置支护结构 （支承支护体系） ； 三、 排除泥浆， 在结构内敷 设支承柱 （正作法） 、 墙板结构 （逆作法） 、 顶撑结构 （下沉法） 。  The construction method of impact support structure has three levels of forming, supporting and structural construction. 1. Forming adopts hole shape and linear impact forming; 2. After forming, support structure (support support system); 3. Exclude mud, lay support column in structure (positive method), wall plate structure (reverse method) , top support structure (sinking method).
5、 支承支护体系施工法  5, support support system construction method
支承支护体系施工法是随底座下沉逐一从上而下敷设。 换言之， 随底座下沉， 支承 支护体系的立杆、 水平支护杆、 水平顶撑逐一施工。  The supporting support system construction method is to lay down from top to bottom with the base sinking one by one. In other words, as the base sinks, the poles supporting the support system, the horizontal support bars, and the horizontal top supports are constructed one by one.
自立结构、 辅助结构、 公共隧道等设计、 施工按有关现行规范执行。  Design and construction of self-supporting structures, auxiliary structures, public tunnels, etc. shall be carried out in accordance with relevant current norms.
二、 资源利用  Second, resource utilization
线性地下空间资源利用采用终极法， 分用途和模式二个层面。  The use of linear underground space resources adopts the ultimate method, which is divided into two levels: use and mode.
一） 用途  a) use
用途是以地高为主， 市政设施和通用建筑为辅的综合幵发。 地下空间无非机道， 地 高与地铁同样具有大容量、 快速、 准点等优点。 很明显， 利用地下空间解决城市交通并 非地铁的 "专利" 。 两者从地下空间开发效果和交通利用潜能等诸多方面对比， 前者优 于后者。 今天， 汽车换代为汽车地下化提供了技术支撑 （安全、 零排） 。 不仅如此， 地 高可提供足够的充电基础设施， 既方便、 又经济。  The use is based on the combination of high ground, municipal facilities and general construction. The underground space is nothing more than a machine path. The ground height and the subway also have the advantages of large capacity, fast, and on-time. Obviously, the use of underground space to solve urban traffic is not a "patent" of the subway. The two are compared with many aspects such as the development effect of underground space and the potential of transportation utilization. The former is superior to the latter. Today, car replacement provides technical support (safety, zero row) for car underground. Not only that, but the high ground provides a sufficient charging infrastructure that is both convenient and economical.
(一） 地高  (1) Ground height
在城市道路下面设置地高， 是汽车地下化的需要， 也是拓展城市道路交通唯一途径， 别无选择。 地高不仅能有效地 "治堵" ， 而且为人类社实现会梦寐以求的智能、 秩序、 和谐城市交通提供了平台。 地高立交位于道路界定范围内， 其立交又称为路界立交。 地 高按一层地高、 二层地高、 铁上地高、 多道交叉分别叙述。  Setting the ground below the urban road is the need for the undergroundization of the car, and it is also the only way to expand the urban road traffic. There is no choice. The height of the earth can not only effectively "block", but also provide a platform for the human society to realize the intelligent, orderly and harmonious urban transportation that it will dream of. The high ground interchange is located within the definition of the road, and its interchange is also known as the road boundary interchange. The ground height is described by one layer of ground height, two floors of ground height, iron on the ground, and multiple intersections.
1、 一层地高  1, a layer of ground
一层地高按交通种类、 路段设置、 交叉与立交等分别叙述。  The height of one floor is described by traffic type, road section setting, intersection and interchange.
1 ) 车道种类 车道种类分单道交通和多道交通二种， 单道交通仅设置地高， 多道交通由地高和非 机道 （自行车道） 组成。 1) Lane type There are two types of lanes: single-channel traffic and multi-channel traffic. Single-channel traffic is only set to a high ground. Multi-channel traffic consists of ground and non-airways (bicycle lanes).
2) 路段设置  2) Road section setting
在地髙路段上， 设置路段进出匝 （垂直、 平行） 、 路段换向匝、 路段变线段。 路段 进出匝按道路方向， 有垂直、 平行进出匝两种， 垂直进出匝可直接进出地高或间接进出 地高， 间接进出地髙是通过上层通用建筑进出地高路段， 进出匝可对称或非对称设置； 路段换向匝、 路段变线段通过单边拓宽或双边拓宽实现。  On the mantle section, set the section entry and exit 垂直 (vertical, parallel), section reversal 匝, section change line segment. In and out of the road section, there are two types of vertical and horizontal travel. Vertical entry and exit can directly enter and exit the ground or indirectly into and out of the ground. Indirect access to the mantle is through the upper section of the general building into and out of the high section. Symmetrical setting; section reversing 匝, section changing line segment is realized by unilateral widening or bilateral widening.
3)交叉与立交  3) Cross and interchange
交叉与立交按地面交叉、 地面立交、 非机平台、 地高立交、 地高立交组合、 立交公 交等分别叙述。  Crossing and interchange are described separately by ground crossing, ground interchange, non-machine platform, high ground interchange, high ground interchange, and interchange.
( 1 ) 地面交叉  (1) Ground crossing
地面交叉为信号平交  Ground crossing for signal leveling
( 2 ) 地面立交  (2) Ground interchange
地面立交有地面下穿立交和地面上跨立交二种。 地面下穿立交增设线下换向左匝， 其立交称为互通地面下穿立交。 所谓线下换向左匝， 是指左匝在地面主线下面通过， 其 左匝称为道下换向左匝。  Ground interchanges include two types of ground crossings and ground crossings. Under the ground, the interchange is added to the left line, and the interchange is called the intercommunication. The so-called offline reversal of the left squat refers to the left squat passing under the main line of the ground, and the left squat is called the lower left squat.
( 3 ) 非机平台  (3) Non-machine platform
设置非机道 （自行车道、 行人道） 的平台称其为非机平台。 非机平台有地上非机平 台和地下非机平台二种， 地上非机平台位于地面层， 实际上， 平台上面的交通相当于高 架。 地下非机平台位于地面下层， 地面层设有地面平台梯。 地上非机道平交有环形交织 平交、 信号平交两种， 地下非机道平交为错位平交。 所谓错位平交， 是指自行车道在平 台行人道竖梯下通过， 形成自行车环行道。  A platform that sets up non-airways (bicycle lanes, walkways) is called a non-machine platform. The non-machine platform has two kinds of ground non-machine platforms and underground non-machine platforms. The ground non-machine platform is located on the ground floor. In fact, the traffic above the platform is equivalent to the overhead. The underground non-machine platform is located on the lower floor of the ground, and the ground floor has a ground platform ladder. The above-ground non-machineway leveling has two types: circular interlacing, level crossing, and signal leveling. The underground non-airway crossing is a faulty level. The so-called misplaced level crossing means that the bicycle lane passes under the platform pedestrian walkway to form a bicycle ring road.
( 4) 地高立交  (4) High ground interchange
地高立交按立交形式、 立交组成等分别叙述。  The high-level interchanges are described separately in terms of the form of interchange and the composition of the interchange.
A、 立交形式  A, interchange form
地高立交有下穿立交和上跨立交二种， 均为互通立交。  There are two types of high-level interchanges: the underpass and the crossover. They are all interchanges.
B、 立交组成  B, the composition of the interchange
地高立交由主线 （跨越线和直通线） 、 左匝、 右匝、 进出匝 （斜坡道） 等分别叙述。 The high ground interchange is described by the main line (crossing line and straight line), left side, right side, and in and out (slope road).
A) 主线 A) Main line
主线有直通线、 下穿线、 上跨线。  The main line has a straight line, a lower thread, and an upper line.
B ) 左匝  B) Left
左匝按换向、 拓宽等分别叙述。 按换向， 左匝有主线换向左匝、 多匝换向左匝、 单 匝换向左匝、 无道换向左匝等四种。 主线换向左匝： 换向左匝在主线中间换向， 其换向 称为主线换向左匝。 多匝换向左匝： 避免立交出现主线换向左匝， 主线 （下穿立交的下 穿线） 提前下穿， 将主线换向左匝变为多匝换向左匝。 所谓多匝换向左匝是指换向左匝 在右匝和进出匝等匝道中间换向。 单匝换向左匝： 换向左匝在右匝中间换向， 其换向称 为单匝换向左匝。 无道换向左匝： 换向左匝在无其它车道条件下换向， 其换向称为无道 换向左匝。 按拓宽有单边拓宽换向和双边拓宽二种。 仅在道路一边拓宽， 称其为单边拓 宽。 在道路两边同时拓宽， 称其为双边拓宽。 Left-handed reversing, widening, etc. are described separately. According to the reversal direction, there are four kinds of main line reversing left 匝, multi 匝 reversing left 匝, single 匝 reversing left 匝, no way reversing left 匝. The main line is reversing to the left: The reversing left is reversing in the middle of the main line, and the commutation is called the main line reversing to the left. More 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 匝 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免 避免The so-called multi-turn reversal to the left 匝 refers to the reversal of the left 匝 in the middle of the right 匝 and the entrance and exit 匝. Single turn to left left: The reverse left turn is reversed in the middle of the right turn, and the commutation is called single turn to left. No way to reversing left: The reversing left 换 is reversing in the absence of other lanes, and the commutation is called no-way reversal to the left 匝. According to the widening, there are two types of unilateral widening and bilateral widening. Widening on the side of the road, calling it a unilateral extension width. Broaden both sides of the road at the same time, calling it a bilateral expansion.
C) 右匝  C) Right
右匝按立交， 有下穿立交设上层右匝、 上跨立交设下层右匝等二种。  Right-handedly presses the interchange, there are two types of lower right-handed crossings, upper-spans, and lower-level verticals.
D) 进出匝  D) In and out 匝
地高立交进出匝是立交重要的组成部份， 进出匝的纵向位置根据立交形式、 立交层 次和立交道型设置， 有立交进出匝和路段进出匝二种。  The high-level interchange is an important part of the interchange. The vertical position of the entry and exit is based on the form of interchange, the level of interchange and the type of interchange. There are two types of interchanges, exits and exits.
( 5 ) 地高立交组合  (5) High ground interchange
地高立交组合是指地面信号平交和地高立交叠加， 其立交称为信号地高立交， 按地 高层次， 有信号单层地高立交和信号双层地高立交二种。  The ground-high interchange combination refers to the superposition of ground signal leveling and ground-high interchange, and its interchange is called signal ground high interchange, according to the high level of the ground, there are two types of signals: single-layer high-crossing and signal double-layer high-crossing.
( 6) 立交公交  (6) Interchange bus
立交公交按设计原则、 公交组成和公交换乘等分别叙述。  Interchange buses are described separately according to design principles, bus composition and bus interchange.
A、 设计原则  A, design principles
立交公交设计原则为各行其道， 互不交织， 为此， 立交设置专用公交段， 为站位、 竖梯、 通道、 公交进出道、 非机道平交等设施提供平台。  The design principles of interchange bus are all different, and they are not intertwined. For this purpose, special bus sections are set up for interchanges to provide platforms for stations, vertical ladders, passages, bus entrances and exits, and non-airway crossings.
B、 公交组成  B, bus composition
立交公交由站位、 竖梯、 通道、 非机道平交组成。  The interchange bus consists of station, vertical ladder, passage, and non-airway crossing.
A) 站位  A) Station
站位分内站和外站二种。 站位设置于主线中间， 称其为内站， 内站亦称主站。 站位 设置于主线外侧， 称其为外站， 外站亦称为匝站。 外站有单一型和混合型二种。 单一型 为一匝一站： 混合型站位为二匝一站， 即左、 右匝道共用一个站位。  There are two types of stations: the internal station and the external station. The station is set in the middle of the main line, which is called the internal station, and the internal station is also called the main station. The station is set outside the main line, which is called the external station. The external station is also called the station. There are two types of external stations: single type and mixed type. Single type is one station: The hybrid station is two stations, that is, the left and right ramps share one station.
B) 竖梯  B) Vertical ladder
公交竖梯有内梯、 上线外梯、 下线外梯、 平台梯、 中间梯等。 竖梯位于主线中间， 其梯称为内梯； 竖梯位于主线外侧， 其梯称为外梯， 位于上层主线的外梯， 其梯称为上 层外梯， 位于下层主线的外梯， 其梯称为下层外梯。 地面至地下平台的竖梯， 其梯称为 平台梯。 设置于信号平交主线中间的梯， 其梯称为中间梯。  The bus vertical ladder has an inner ladder, an upper outer ladder, a lower outer ladder, a platform ladder, and an intermediate ladder. The vertical ladder is located in the middle of the main line, and the ladder is called the inner ladder. The vertical ladder is located outside the main line. The ladder is called the outer ladder. The ladder is located on the outer ladder of the upper main line. The ladder is called the upper outer ladder, and the ladder is located on the outer ladder of the lower main line. It is called the lower outer ladder. The ladder from the ground to the underground platform is called a platform ladder. The ladder is placed in the middle of the signal crossing main line, and the ladder is called the middle ladder.
C)通道  C) channel
通道有主线通道和匝道通道二种。 设置于主线下的通道， 称其为主线通道； 设置于 匝道下的通道， 称其为匝道通道。  The channel has two main channels and a ramp channel. The channel set under the main line is called the main line channel; the channel set under the ramp is called the ramp channel.
D)非机道平交  D) Non-airway crossing
非机道由自行车道和行人道组成， 非机道平交有二： 一、非机道信号平交； 二、 非 机道环形平交， 实际选用视非机道交通流量而定。  The non-airway consists of bicycle lanes and pavements. There are two non-airway crossings: 1. Non-airway signals are leveled; 2. Non-airway circular cross-sections, the actual selection depends on non-airway traffic flow.
C、 公交换乘  C, public exchange
地面与地高公交换乘于立交内实现， 其换乘称为一站换乘。 一站换乘是通过中间梯、 地高进出信号安全区实现。 应该指出的是： 站位、 竖梯、 通道、 行人道、 非机道、 进出 道等按现行有关设计规范设计。 在确保进出道、 非机道平交优化畅通的前提下， 站位、 竖梯、 通道、 行人道、 非机道、 进出道的设计可因工程而异。  The exchange between the ground and the ground is realized in the interchange, and the transfer is called one-stop transfer. One-stop transfer is achieved through the intermediate ladder and the ground-level signal security zone. It should be noted that: station, vertical ladder, passage, walkway, non-airway, access and exit, etc. are designed according to the current relevant design specifications. The design of stations, vertical ladders, passageways, walkways, non-airways, and access roads may vary from project to project on the premise of ensuring optimal access to the exit and exit routes.
2、 二层地高  2, two floors high
地下空间设置二层地高， 其地高称为二层地高。 二层地高路段通过平行进出匝实现 互通。 二层地高交叉为四层地高立交， 形成两个互通地高立交。 The underground space is set to two floors and its ground height is called two floors. The two-story high-rise section is realized by parallel in and out Interoperability. The two-story ground-high intersection is a four-story high-rise interchange, forming two intertwined high interchanges.
3、 铁上地高  3, the iron on the ground
在地铁上设置地高， 其地高称为铁上地高。 铁上地高的路段和立交设计， 根据地铁 路段的竖向标高和车站的平面位置， 因地制宜， 随工程而异。  Set the ground height on the subway, and its ground height is called the iron height. The design of the section and the interchange of the high ground on the iron, according to the vertical elevation of the subway section and the plane position of the station, is adapted to local conditions and varies from project to project.
(二） 市政设施  (ii) Municipal facilities
市政设施有雨水管网、 超级蓄水池、 污水管网、 污水处理设施、 以及其它市政管网 设施等。 按项目有建设项目和拟建项目二类。 拟建项目采用预留空间， 届时， 根据城市 发展规划需要再敷设。  Municipal facilities include rainwater networks, super reservoirs, sewer networks, sewage treatment facilities, and other municipal network facilities. According to the project, there are two types of construction projects and proposed projects. The proposed project will use reserved space, and then it will be laid according to the urban development plan.
(三） 通用建筑  (iii) General Construction
通用建筑有四个层面： 一是商业、 住房建筑； 二是静态交通； 三是汽车换代基础设 施 （充电或加氢） ； 四是防灾抗毁设施。 所谓通用建筑是指各种用途可相互置换。 根据 需要通用建筑有单层和多层二种。  There are four levels of general construction: one is commercial and housing construction; the other is static transportation; the third is automobile replacement infrastructure (charging or hydrogenation); the fourth is disaster prevention and destruction facilities. The so-called general construction means that the various uses can be replaced with each other. There are two types of single and multiple layers for general construction.
线性地下空间资源开发遇上江、 河、 铁路、 建筑物等， 是通过隧道敷设地下交通、 市政管网与两端相连。  The development of linear underground space resources meets the rivers, rivers, railways, buildings, etc., and underground traffic is transported through tunnels, and the municipal pipe network is connected to both ends.
二） 模式  b) mode
资源开发利用模式按综合开发和开发法则分别叙述。  The resource development and utilization model is described separately in terms of comprehensive development and development rules.
(一） 综合开发  (1) Comprehensive development
综合开发是将地下交通、 市政设施、 通用建筑等， 以公共隧道形式进行综合一次终 极开发。  Comprehensive development is the integration of underground transportation, municipal facilities, general construction, etc. in the form of public tunnels for a comprehensive development.
(二） 开发法则  (ii) Development rules
开法法则是地下空间资源实施综合一次终极开发的设计规则， 分规划法则、 设计法 则、 实施法则三个层面。  The law of opening law is a design rule for the implementation of integrated and ultimate development of underground space resources, which is divided into three levels: planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
1、 规划法则  1. Planning rules
规划法则采用超前统筹规划法则。 规划法则是以城市交通 （汽车动、 静态交通） 需 求为依据， 使其汽车动、 静态交通等实现需求与供应相匹配。 所以， 又称为供需匹配规 划法则。 地下空间资源规划是以路段作为规划建设单元， 逐一形成地下交通网络， 确保 城市交通 （路、 车） 供需动态平衡。  The planning rules adopt an advanced planning rule. The planning rule is based on the demand of urban traffic (automobile and static traffic), so that its dynamic and static traffic can be matched with demand. Therefore, it is also called the supply and demand matching planning rule. Underground space resource planning is to use the road section as a planning and construction unit to form an underground transportation network one by one to ensure the dynamic balance of supply and demand of urban traffic (roads, vehicles).
2、 设计法则  2, the design rules
设计法则采用通用置换设计法则。 通用置换设计法则的核心是设计安全度取值， 结 构设计应根据超前统筹规划的项目， 设计荷载按最大值取用， 以及有关构造处理， 使工 程适应各种用途动态变化需求， 置换灵活方便， 达到通用的目的， 所以， 设计法则称为 通用置换设计法则。 因工程设计按最大荷载取值， 设计法则又称为最大荷载设计法则。  The design rule uses a universal replacement design rule. The core of the universal replacement design rule is the design safety value. The structural design should be based on the advanced planning project, the design load should be taken according to the maximum value, and the related construction processing, so that the project can adapt to the dynamic change requirements of various uses, and the replacement is flexible and convenient. To achieve a general purpose, the design law is called the universal replacement design rule. Because the engineering design takes the maximum load, the design rule is also called the maximum load design rule.
3、 实施法则  3. Implementation rules
实施法则采用一次分段实施法则。 实施法则是终极开发的关键。 地下空间资源开发 不像地面建筑， 可多次重复再开发， 而地下空间开发后难以变换， 只能一次开发， 所以， 框架结构竖向 （深度） ， 采用一次终极开发。 城市交通为山峰形， 中区交通量多， 周边 交通量少， 地下空间开发是以城市中区逐一分段向周边延伸， 不断的加长、 加密， 逐步 形成地高路网， 确保路与车二者供需平衡， 所以， 道路 （纵向） 从功能上， 需要分段终 极开发， 实施法则由一次终极开发和分段终极开发构成， 法则统称为一次、 分段终极实 施法则 （简称终极实施法则） 。 实施法则遵循规划法则的道与车供需动态平衡的原则。 The implementation rule uses a one-step implementation rule. The implementation rules are the key to ultimate development. The development of underground space resources is not like ground buildings. It can be re-developed many times. After the development of underground space, it is difficult to change. It can only be developed once. Therefore, the frame structure is vertical (depth) and adopts an ultimate development. The urban traffic is mountain-shaped, the traffic volume in the central area is large, and the surrounding traffic is small. The underground space development is extended to the periphery by the urban central area one by one, continuously lengthening and encrypting, gradually forming a high road network, ensuring roads and vehicles. Balance between supply and demand, so the road (longitudinal) functionally needs segmentation Extreme development, the implementation of the law consists of a final development and segmentation of the ultimate development, the law is collectively referred to as the one-time, the ultimate implementation of the law (referred to as the ultimate implementation of the law). The implementation law follows the principle of the law of planning and the dynamic balance of supply and demand of vehicles.
乙、 点块结构终极法  B, point block structure ultimate method
点块结构终极法用于点法地下空间资源开发， 即基坑开发， 其结构形式有二： 一是 圆形点块结构法 （圆形结构法） ； 二是非圆形点块组合法 （非圆形组合法） 。 一、 圆形 结构法： 圆形结构法由圆形连续墙和虚拟底板组成， 结构底板上面， 圆形连续墙为支护 结构， 结构底板下面， 圆形连续墙为抗隆结构， 前者承担土压力水平荷载， 后者承担土 体隆起荷载。 根据基坑深度连续墙可分为多次错位施工， 虚拟底板采用 τ形沉井、 旋喷 搅拌桩二种。 底板设计和敷设根据抗隆监测确定。 二、 非圆形结合法： 非圆形即方形、 矩形等。 组合法是由结构法与作岛法组成， 即中间采用作岛法， 周边釆用结构法， 所以， 其法称为组合法。 点块地下空间资源利用与线性地下空间资源利用不同， 其用途和模式 因工程而异。  The point block structure ultimate method is used for the development of point space underground space resources, that is, foundation pit development. There are two structural forms: one is the circular point block structure method (circular structure method); the other is the non-circular point block combination method. Circular combination method). 1. Circular structure method: The circular structure method consists of a circular continuous wall and a virtual floor. Above the structural floor, the circular continuous wall is the supporting structure. Below the structural floor, the circular continuous wall is an anti-long structure. The former bears the soil. Pressure horizontal load, the latter bears the soil uplift load. According to the depth of the foundation pit, the continuous wall can be divided into multiple misplaced constructions. The virtual bottom plate adopts two types: the τ-shaped sinking well and the rotary jet mixing pile. The design and laying of the floor is determined by the anti-peak monitoring. Second, the non-circular combination method: non-circular, that is, square, rectangular and so on. The combination method consists of a structural method and an island method, that is, the middle method is used as the island method, and the surrounding structure method is used. Therefore, the method is called a combination method. The utilization of point space underground space resources is different from the utilization of linear underground space resources, and its use and mode vary from project to project.
由于地下空间资源开发利用受地质特性、 基坑深度、 场地周边建筑和开发用途等诸 多因素制约， 资源开发对岩土理论、 自然放坡等非结构理论仍需应用， 不能弃之。 结构 终极法为地下空间资源开发利用的核心和主体， 属于基本理论和方法， 结束人类社会长 期以来， 对地下空间资源幵发利用处于被动、 无序、 低效以及凭 "经验" 、 施工不安全 的历史。  Since the development and utilization of underground space resources are restricted by many factors such as geological characteristics, depth of foundation pits, buildings around the site and development uses, resource development still needs to be applied to non-structural theories such as geotechnical theory and natural grading, and cannot be abandoned. The ultimate method of structure is the core and main body of the development and utilization of underground space resources. It belongs to the basic theory and method. Ending human society for a long time, the use of underground space resources is passive, disorderly, inefficient, and based on "experience" and unsafe construction. History.
现将其优越性阐述于此： 1、 资源开发节约土地资源， 开辟地下多元地产， 城市也更 环保； 2、 医治 "城市综合症" ， 实现和谐、 秩序、 畅通交通和城市集约； 3、 克服物流 顽症； 4、 消弭内涝灾害； 5、 对目前汽车换代所需的基础设施 （充电或加氢） 能提供最 佳场地； 6、 汽车地下化对全球汽车产业的发展不无裨益； 7、 地下空间资源以公共隧道 模式开发， 有利于市政设施增设、 换代、 维护， 避免城市污染； 8、 工程施工安全， 造价 便宜。  Now its advantages are described here: 1. Resource development saves land resources, opens up underground diversified real estate, and the city is more environmentally friendly; 2. Heals "urban syndrome" to achieve harmony, order, smooth traffic and urban intensive; 3. Overcome Logistics stubborn; 4, eliminating internal disasters; 5, providing the best site for the current infrastructure (charging or hydrogenation) required for car replacement; 6, car undergroundization is beneficial to the development of the global automotive industry; 7, underground The development of space resources in the public tunnel mode is conducive to the addition, replacement and maintenance of municipal facilities and avoiding urban pollution. 8. Construction safety and low cost.
最后应说明的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制， 尽管参照较 佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域的技术人员应当理解， 可以对本发明的技术 方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围， 其均应涵盖在本 发明的权力要求范围当中。  It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art Modifications or equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1、 一种结构终极法， 其特征在于： 线性结构终极法和点块结构终极法， 所述的线性 结构终极法有资源开发和资源利用二个层面， 资源开发分结构与施工， 结构有自立结构 1. A structural ultimate method, characterized in that: a linear structure ultimate method and a point block structure final method, the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of resource development and resource utilization, resource development substructure and construction, and the structure has self-reliance structure
(1) 、 公共隧道 （66) 、 辅助结构三种， 自立结构由支承结构 （6) 、 托换结构 （7) 、 支护结构 （5) 、 抗隆结构 （8) 组成； 施工融合多种现代土建和勘察施工工艺而成， 结 构、 施工按现行规范执行， 施工过程中， 工程不受地质特性控制， 与岩土工程理论无关， 自立结构 （1) 承受竖向荷载 （10) 、 水平荷载 （11) 和隆起荷载 （12)三种荷载， 竖向 荷载 （10) 由支承结构 （6) 、 托换结构 （7) 承担， 支承结构 （6) 由支承柱 （2) 构成， 水平荷载 （11) 支护结构 （5) 承担， 支护结构 （5) 由围护结构和顶撑结构 （9) 组成， 隆起荷载 （12) 由抗隆结构 （8) 承担， 抗隆结构 （8) 为虚拟底板 （23) 抗隆， 资源利 用分用途和模式， 用途有地高 （109) 、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由非机平台、地 面立交、 地高立交、 立交公交组成， 模式是以公共隧道（66) 形式， 对其资源进行综合、 一次终极开发， 施工法有自立结构 （1)施工法和辅助结构施工法二种， 所述的点块结构 终极法有圆形结构法和非圆形组合法二种， 圆形结构法由圆形支护结构和虚拟底板抗隆 组成， 组合法由结构法和作岛法组成。 (1), public tunnel (66), auxiliary structure three, self-supporting structure consists of support structure (6), underpinning structure (7), supporting structure (5), anti-long structure (8); Modern civil construction and survey construction technology, structure and construction are carried out according to current specifications. During construction, the project is not controlled by geological characteristics, and has nothing to do with geotechnical theory. Self-supporting structure (1) subjected to vertical load (10), horizontal load (11) and the uplift load (12) three loads, the vertical load (10) is borne by the support structure (6) and the underpinning structure (7), and the support structure (6) is composed of the support column (2), horizontal load ( 11) Support structure (5) The support structure (5) consists of the retaining structure and the top support structure (9). The uplift load (12) is carried out by the anti-long structure (8), and the anti-long structure (8) is Virtual bottom plate (23) anti-long, resource utilization and mode, use high ground (109), municipal facilities, general construction three types, ground height consists of non-machine platform, ground interchange, high ground interchange, interchange bus, mode Public The tunnel (66) form, the synthesis of its resources, an ultimate development, the construction method has two kinds of self-supporting structures (1) construction method and auxiliary structure construction method, and the point block structure ultimate method has a circular structure method and a non-circle There are two kinds of combination methods. The circular structure method consists of a circular support structure and a virtual bottom plate. The combination method consists of a structural method and an island method.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的自 立结构 （1) 有支承结构 （6) 、 托换结构 （7) 、 支护结构 （5) 、 抗隆结构 （8) 组成， 支护结构 （5) 由围护结构和顶撑结构 （9) 组成。  2. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-supporting structure of the linear structure ultimate method (1) has a supporting structure (6), a supporting structure (7), and a supporting structure (5) The anti-long structure (8) is composed of a support structure (5) composed of a retaining structure and a top support structure (9).
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的 围护结构为梁板围护结构， 其结构有拱板梁板结构和平板梁板结构二种， 拱板梁板围护 结构由竖梁 （4) 和拱板 （3) 组成， 平板梁板围护结构由竖梁 （4) 和平板组成， 结构有 连续墙、 支护沉井、 冲击支护平板梁板结构。  The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the linear structure ultimate method comprises a beam and a plate enclosing structure, and the structure has an arch plate beam structure and a flat beam plate structure. In the two types, the arch beam and slab retaining structure is composed of a vertical beam (4) and an arch plate (3). The slab beam and slab retaining structure is composed of a vertical beam (4) and a flat plate, and the structure has a continuous wall, a support sinking hole, Impact support slab beam and slab structure.
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的 顶撑结构 （9)有横向顶撑结构和纵向顶撑结构二种， 横向顶撑有沉梁顶撑结构、 冲击顶 撑结构、 支护沉井顶撑结构三种， 沉梁顶撑结构的底座沉梁顶撑 （77) 由沉梁加固结构 The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the linear structure final structure of the top support structure (9) has two types of a lateral top support structure and a longitudinal top support structure, and the lateral top support has Three types of girder struts, impact struts, and supporting caisson struts, foundation girder struts of the girders (77)
(25) 、 沉梁嵌槽结构 （26) 、 沉梁 π形结构 （27) ， 沉粱工作通道 （24) 和嵌槽 （22) 组成， 沉梁顶撑两端设置沉梁工作通道 （24) ， 沉梁工作通道 （24) 是沉梁土方和施工 通道， 沉梁顶撑结构有整体沉梁顶撑结构和组合沉梁顶撑结构二种， 组合沉梁顶撑结构 由局部沉梁顶撑和拓长沉梁顶撑组成， 冲击顶撑结构有分段冲击顶撑结构和整体冲击顶 撑结构二种， 纵向结构有顶撑、 拉杆、 竖井纵向加固三种。 (25), the sinker beam structure (26), the sinker beam π-shaped structure (27), the sinking working channel (24) and the recessed groove (22), and the sinker beam working channel is provided at both ends of the sinker beam support (24) The working channel of the girders (24) is the earthwork of the girder and the construction channel. The girders of the girder has two types: the integral girder strut structure and the combined girder strut structure. The combined girder strut structure consists of a partial girder top. The support and the extension of the long beam are composed of the top support. The impact roof structure has two types: a section impact strut structure and an overall impact strut structure. The longitudinal structure has three types of top support, tie rod and vertical reinforcement of the shaft.
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的 抗隆结构 （8) 有支护抗隆结构和虚拟底板 （23)抗隆两种， 支护抗隆结构有倒悬臂支护 抗隆结构和简支支护抗隆结构 （14) 二种， 结构底板 （13) 以下悬臂支护结构称其为倒 悬臂支护抗隆结构， 简支支护抗隆结构 （14) 由底板顶撑 （16) 和抗隆顶撑 （15) 支撑 支护抗隆结构而成， 虚拟底板 （23) 抗隆由建筑抗隆结构和措施抗隆结构构成， 措施抗 隆结构有 Τ形沉井 （59) 措施抗隆结构、 旋喷搅拌措施抗隆结构二种。  The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the anti-lobe structure (8) of the linear structure ultimate method has a support anti-lobe structure and a virtual bottom plate (23) anti-lobe. Supporting anti-lobe structure has inverted cantilever support anti-long structure and simple support anti-lobe structure (14) Two kinds, structural bottom plate (13) The following cantilever support structure is called inverted cantilever support anti-long structure, simple support The supporting anti-long structure (14) is formed by the bottom support (16) and the anti-lobe support (15) supporting and supporting the anti-long structure, and the virtual bottom plate (23) is composed of the anti-long structure and the anti-long structure of the structure. Measures for the anti-long structure have a squat-shaped sinking well (59) measures anti-long structure, rotary spray mixing measures anti-long structure.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的结构终极法的辅助结 构有 T形沉井 （59 ) 、 支护沉井、 隔离挖孔桩、 冲击支护结构、 支承支护体系 （70) 等 五种； Τ形沉井 （59 ) 由沉井井筒 （76) 和沉井拱座 （75 ) 构成， 支护沉井由底座沉井6. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1, wherein: said auxiliary junction of said structural ultimate method There are five kinds of T-shaped caisson (59), support caisson, isolated digging pile, impact support structure, support support system (70), etc.; sinking sinking well (59) by sinking wellbore (76) And the sinking abutment (75), supporting the sinking well from the base
( 54) 和支承支护体系 （70 ) 组成， 底座沉井 （54) 由沉井加固结构 （33 ) 、 沉井嵌槽 结构 （34) 、 沉井整体结构 （35) 、 嵌槽 （22) 组成； 隔离挖孔桩按工作室、 底座、 逆 作竖井三个层面， 工作室有二室隔离挖孔桩和三室隔离挖孔二种， 二室隔离挖孔桩由一 个输土工作室 （60 ) 和一个安全工作室 （61 ) 组成， 三室隔离挖孔桩由一个输土工作室(54) and support support system (70), base sinking (54) by sinking reinforcement structure (33), sinking well structure (34), sinking whole structure (35), slotted (22) Composition; isolated digging piles according to the studio, the base, the reverse shaft three levels, the studio has two compartments of isolated digging piles and three compartments of isolated digging holes, two compartments of isolated digging piles by a soil transfer studio (60 And a safety studio (61), a three-chamber isolation digging pile consists of a soil transfer studio
( 60) 和两个安全工作室 （61 ) 组成； 输土工作室 （60) 与安全工作室 （61 ) 间设置安 全挡土板 （72 ) , 底座以导向杆 （84) 为核心构成底座 "一次" 导向架 （36) ， 竖井采 用逆作混凝土施工， 竖井以导向杆 （84) 为核心构成竖井 "一字" 导向架 （71 ) ， 竖井( 60) and two safety studios (61 ); a safety retainer (72) is set between the soil transfer studio (60) and the safety studio (61), and the base is formed by the guide rod (84). Once the "guide frame (36), the shaft is constructed by reverse concrete, and the shaft is constructed with the guide rod (84) as the core to form the "one-word" guide frame (71), the shaft
"一字"导向架 （71 ) 与底座 "一字"导向架 （36) 为同心结构， 前者为静态导向架， 后者为动态导向架， 后者沿前者滑动下移； 冲击支护结构有冲击成型、 支护结构、 结构 形式三个层面， 支护结构即支承支护体系 （70) ； 支承支护体系 （70) 由千斤顶支承杆The "one word" guide frame (71) and the base "one word" guide frame (36) are concentric structures, the former is a static guide frame, the latter is a dynamic guide frame, the latter sliding down along the former; the impact support structure has Three layers of impact forming, supporting structure and structural form, supporting structure (supporting support system) (70); supporting and supporting system (70) by jack supporting rod
( 53 ) 、 水平支护 （73 ) 、 支护顶撑 （74 ) 组成， 具有支承和支护两种功能。 (53), horizontal support (73), support top support (74), with support and support.
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的自立 结构 （1 ) 施工法有支承结构 （6) 施工法、 托换结构 （7 ) 施工法、 支护结构 （5 ) 施工 法、 抗隆结构 （8) 施工法， 支护结构 （5) 施工法有围护结构施工法和顶撑结构 （9 )施 工法。  7. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1, wherein: the self-supporting structure of the linear structure ultimate method (1) has a supporting structure (6) a construction method, an underpinning structure (7), a construction method, Support structure (5) Construction method, anti-long structure (8) Construction method, support structure (5) Construction method has enclosure structure construction method and roof support structure (9) construction method.
8、根据权利要求 7所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的平板梁板 围护结构施工法有支护沉井、 冲击支护梁板围护结构施工法二种， 支护沉井梁板围护结构施 工法分三步： 1、 施工竖梁（孔）； 2、 围护结构（墙板）采用支护沉井施工法， 土方推入竖梁 The structural ultimate method according to claim 7, wherein: the construction method of the flat beam and slab retaining structure of the linear structure ultimate method comprises a supporting sinking well and an impact supporting beam plate retaining structure construction method The construction method of supporting the sinking beam and slab retaining structure is divided into three steps: 1. Construction vertical beam (hole); 2. The supporting structure (wall panel) adopts the supporting sinking construction method, and the earthwork pushes into the vertical beam.
(孔）， 直输地面， 其结构采用逆作法施工； 3、 施工竖梁结构； 冲击支护梁板围护结构施工 法分三步： 1、 采用连续墙施工 "十字"竖梁（带平板）， 2、 采用冲击支护施工平板围护结构(hole), straight to the ground, its structure is constructed by reverse method; 3, construction vertical beam structure; impact support beam plate retaining structure construction method is divided into three steps: 1, using continuous wall construction "cross" vertical beam (with flat ) 2, using impact support construction flat retaining structure
(敷设支承支护体系）， 3、采用逆作法敷设围护结构（墙板)， 与竖梁构成冲击支护平板梁板 结构。 (laying the support and support system), 3. Applying the retaining structure (wall panel) by the reverse method, and forming the impact-supporting flat beam-slab structure with the vertical beam.
9、 根据权利要求 1或 7所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法 的顶撑结构施工法分横向顶撑施工和纵向顶撑施工二种， 横向顶撑施工有沉梁顶撑施工 法、 冲击顶撑施工法二种， 沉梁顶撑施工法有整体沉梁顶撑施工法和组合沉梁顶撑施工 法二种，纵向顶撑施工有顶撑施工法； 竖井纵向加固施工法； 拉杆施工法。  The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: the linear structure ultimate method of the top support structure is divided into two types: lateral jacking construction and longitudinal jacking construction, and the lateral jacking construction has There are two kinds of construction methods of the girders and the construction methods of the impact struts. The construction method of the girders of the girders has two kinds of construction methods: integral girder strut construction method and combined girder strut construction method, and longitudinal bracing construction has top support construction method; Shaft longitudinal reinforcement construction method; drawbar construction method.
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的沉 梁顶撑施工法有组合沉梁顶撑施工法和整体沉梁顶撑施工法二种。 组合沉梁顶撑施工法 分局部沉梁顶撑施工法、 下沉支护施工法、 随沉措施施工法、 纠偏施工法和拓长沉梁顶 撑施工法， 局部沉梁顶撑施工流程： 通过下沉顶座 （30) ， 千斤顶 （43 ) 液压底座局部 沉梁顶撑 （78 ) 、 板上局部沉梁顶撑 （79) 下沉至地面， 板上局部沉梁顶撑 （81 )就位， 底座局部沉梁顶撑 （80 ) 就位； 下沉支护施工法采用支承支护体系 （70) 施工法， 由底 座沉梁顶撑、 板上沉梁顶撑、 支承支护体系 （70 ) 组成， 随沉措施施工法有底座随沉措 施和板上随沉措施二种， 底座随沉措施为结构钢筋， 板上随沉措施为钢管顶撑； 纠偏施 工法： 板下采用 π形结构水平杆， 板上采用竖向支护杆 （29) ， 拓长沉梁顶撑施工法是 通过顶杆管洞施工法敷设， 有底座拓长沉梁顶撑 （80) 施工法和板上拓长沉梁顶撑 （81) 施工法二种。 整体沉梁顶撑与组合沉梁顶撑相同， 但无拓长顶撑。 10. The structural ultimate method according to claim 9, wherein: the method for constructing the beam-supporting method of the linear structure ultimate method comprises two methods: a combined girder struting construction method and an integral girder struting construction method. Combined girder strut construction method is divided into partial girder strut construction method, sinking support construction method, sinking construction method, rectification construction method and extensional girder top support construction method, local girder top support construction process: By sinking the top seat (30), the jack (43), the hydraulic base, the partial girder struts (78), the plated partial girder struts (79) sink to the ground, and the partial girder struts (81) on the plate Position, the base partial girder top support (80) is in place; the sinking support construction method adopts the support support system (70) construction method, the base beam girder support, the plate girder support, the support support system ( 70) Composition, with the construction method of the sinking measures, there are two types of foundation sinking measures and sinking measures on the board. The base is covered with the sinking measures as structural steel bars, and the board is supported by the sinking measures for the steel pipe. Correction construction method: π shape under the board The horizontal rod is used for the structure, and the vertical support rod (29) is used on the board. The construction method of the extension beam and the top support is laid by the ejector hole tunnel construction method, and the base extension beam struts (80) construction method and board Extension long beam support (81) Two kinds of construction methods. The overall girder struts are the same as the combined girder struts, but no extension struts.
11、 根据权利要求 7所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的抗 隆结构 （8) 施工法有支护抗隆结构施工法和虚拟底板 （23) 抗隆施工法二种， 支护抗隆 结构施工与上部支护结构 （5)—并施工， 虚拟底板（23) 抗隆施工法即措施抗隆结构施 工法， 措施抗隆结构施工法根据工程抗隆监测确定。  11. The structural ultimate method according to claim 7, wherein: the anti-long structure (8) construction method of the linear structure ultimate method has a supporting anti-long structure construction method and a virtual bottom plate (23) anti-long construction Two kinds of methods, supporting anti-long structure construction and upper supporting structure (5)--construction, virtual bottom plate (23) anti-long construction method means measures anti-long structure construction method, measures anti-long structure construction method according to engineering anti-long monitoring determine.
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的辅 助结构施工法有 T形沉井施工法、 支护沉井施工法、 隔离挖孔桩施工法、 冲击支护结构 施工法、 支承支护体系 （70) 施工法五种， T形沉井 （59) 施工法为土方开挖与 T形沉 井（59)下沉交替进行，支护沉井施工法是通过液压支承支护体系（70)使底座沉井（54) 下沉， 隔离挖孔桩施工法有二室土方施工法和三室土方施工法， 二室土方施工法于一个 安全工作室 （61) 内挖土， 一个输土工作室 （60) 内输土， 三室土方施工法于两个安全 工作室 （61) 内挖土， 一个输土工作室 （60) 内输土， 两者均于安全工作室 （61) 内挖 土， 其土方直接推入输土工作室 （60) ， 输至地面； 冲击支护结构施工法有三个层面， 一是冲击施工法， 二是支护施工法， 三是结构施工法， 支承柱为正作法， 墙板为逆作法， 顶杆结构为下承法； 支承支护体系 （70) 施工法是通过千斤顶 （43) 液压下沉。  12. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary structure construction method of the linear structure ultimate method comprises a T-shaped caisson construction method, a support caisson construction method, and an isolation digging pile construction method. , impact support structure construction method, support support system (70) construction method five kinds, T-shaped caisson (59) construction method for earthwork excavation and T-shaped caisson (59) sinking alternately, support sinking The construction method is to sink the foundation sinking hole (54) through the hydraulic support support system (70). The method of isolating the digging pile has two-room earthwork construction method and three-chamber earthwork construction method, and the two-room earthwork construction method is in a safety studio. (61) Internal excavation, soil transport in a soil transfer studio (60), three-chamber earthwork construction method excavation in two safety studios (61), soil transport in a soil transfer studio (60), both They all excavated in the safety studio (61), and the earthwork was directly pushed into the soil transfer studio (60) and transferred to the ground. The impact support structure construction method has three levels, one is the impact construction method, and the other is the support construction. Method, third is structural construction method, support column N practice, an inverse approach wall, the plunger supporting structure method; bearing support system (70) construction method is a jack (43) hydraulic sink.
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法的资 源利用有用途和模式两个层面， 用途有地高 （109) 、 市政设施、 通用建筑三种， 地高由 非机平台、 地面立交、 地高立交、 立交公交组成， 按形式有一层地高、 二层地高、 铁上 地高三种， 模式为终极模式、 终极模式有综合幵发和幵发法则两个内容， 综合开发以公 共隧道 （66) 形式， 对其资源进行综合一次终极开发， 开发法则有规划法则、 设计法则、 实施法则三种。  13. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1, wherein: the resource utilization of the linear structure ultimate method has two levels of use and mode, and the use is high (109), municipal facilities, and general buildings. The ground height consists of non-machine platform, ground interchange, high ground interchange, and interchange bus. There are three types of ground height, two floors, and iron on the ground. The mode is the ultimate mode, and the ultimate mode has comprehensive bursts and flaws. The two principles of the law are comprehensively developed in the form of a public tunnel (66), which integrates the ultimate development of its resources. The development rules include planning rules, design rules, and implementation rules.
14、 根据权利要求 1或 13所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法 的地面立交分非互通地面立交和互通地面立交二种， 非互通地面立交由地面直通线 14. The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 13, wherein: the linear structure of the linear method of the ground separation is not inter-ground intersection and inter-ground interchange, and the non-interconnected ground interchange is provided by the ground straight line.
(110) 、 地面下穿线 （111) 和右匝 （95) 组成， 互通地面立交是在非互通地面立交基 础上， 增加道下换向左匝 （88) 而成。 (110), the ground under the thread (111) and the right raft (95), the intercommunication ground is based on the non-interchangeable ground interchange, the increase of the road down to the left 匝 (88).
15、 根据权利要求 1或 13所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法 的非机平台有地上非机平台 （92) 、 地下非机平台 （93) 二种， 非机平台平交由行人道 The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 13, wherein: the non-machine platform of the linear structure ultimate method comprises a ground non-machine platform (92) and an underground non-machine platform (93), Machine platform leveled by walkway
(107) 和自行车道 （106) 组成， 有非机道环形平交 （89) 、 信号平交两种。 (107) It consists of a bicycle lane (106) with a non-airway circular crossover (89) and a signal level crossing.
16、 根据权利要求 1或 13所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法 的地高立交为互通立交， 按立交有下穿立交和上跨立交二种， 由地高直通线 （112) 、地 高下穿线 （113) 、 地高上跨线 （114) 、 右匝 （95) 、 中间换向左匝 （96) 组成， 中间 换向左匝 （96) 有主线换向左匝 （115) 、 多匝换向左匝、 单匝换向左匝 （117) 、 无道 换向左匝 （118) ， 地高立交的主线、 匝道均需按规范设置变坡点 （105) 。  The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 13, wherein: the high-level interchange of the linear structure ultimate method is an interchange, and there are two types of undercuts and upper crossovers according to the interchange, and the ground height is Straight line (112), ground height threading (113), ground height upper line (114), right side (95), middle shift left (96), middle shift left (96) with main line change Left 匝 (115), multi-turn to left 匝, single turn to left 匝 (117), no way to left left (118), the main line and ramp of the ground interchange must be set to the slope point ( 105).
17、 根据权利要求 1或 13所述的结构终极法， 其特征在于： 所述的线性结构终极法 的立交公交有公交组成、 公交换乘二个层面， 公交由站位、 竖梯、 通道组成， 站位有内 站 （98) 和外站 （100) 二种， 竖梯有内梯 （99) 、 中间梯 （91) 、 上层外梯 （104) 、 下层外梯 （103) 、 平台梯 （90) ， 通道有主线通道 （101) 、 匝道通道 （102) ； 公交换 乘为一站换乘， 其换乘是通过中间梯 （91) 、 地高进出信号安全区 （119) 实现。  The structural ultimate method according to claim 1 or 13, wherein: the linear structure ultimate method has a bus composition, a public exchange and two levels, and the bus consists of a station, a ladder, and a channel. There are two types of stations: internal station (98) and outer station (100). The vertical ladder has an inner ladder (99), an intermediate ladder (91), an upper outer ladder (104), a lower outer ladder (103), and a platform ladder ( 90), the channel has a main line channel (101), a ramp channel (102); the public exchange is a one-stop transfer, and the transfer is realized by the intermediate ladder (91) and the ground height in and out signal safety zone (119).
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