CN111661968A - 头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺 - Google Patents

头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺 Download PDF

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CN111661968A
CN111661968A CN202010482998.9A CN202010482998A CN111661968A CN 111661968 A CN111661968 A CN 111661968A CN 202010482998 A CN202010482998 A CN 202010482998A CN 111661968 A CN111661968 A CN 111661968A
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acetone
ethyl acetate
recycling
waste
solution
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许国勇
白滨池华
欧阳浩允
李发祥
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Chongqing Mingdao Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Abstract

近年来，随着制药行业的快速发展，我国原料药和药品的制剂生产一万多种，废水废排放量达0.25GT/年。年平均处理率还不到30％。在制药产品的生产工艺中产生大量的高污染的有机废水，成分复杂，毒性大，色度高，水质水量变化大而难生物降解，是工业废水中较难处理的一种，被列入《国家危险废物名录》2016版中，编号HW02类。在生产头孢西丁酸原料药过程中，产生的残余排污水中含有两种有机溶剂，即乙酸乙酯和丙酮混合液，难以用常规的工艺将其单一的回收利用。头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺采用的方法为：先从废水中回收两混合溶剂，再进行盐析，将乙酸乙酯与丙酮分离、脱水、分馏等工序，处理后即达到工业级的乙酸乙酯与丙酮产品回收利用。

Description

头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺
一、技术领域
21世纪，制药行业进入了快速发展的阶段，2016年统计数据表明，我国已成为名副其实的医药制品生产大国，是世界第二大原料药生产国。
制药过程非常复杂，产生的中间体和代谢产物，大量的高浓度、高毒性、难降解的残留物。随着制药行业的持续发展，废水排放量越来越大，占到总工业废水量的3％左右。该类废水被列入《国家危险废物名录》2016版中，编号HW02类。
本发明对头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺，属于环境技术领域，研究的学科是环境科学技术，环境工程学及有毒污染物防治工程。自2010年7月1日起，强制推行《制药工业水污染物排放标准》，已成为国家环境保护重点治理的行业之一。
二、背景技术
目前制药废水治理技术有：
1.混凝沉淀法：
这是最常用的预处理方法，通过投加化学药剂，使其产生吸附，中和微粒间电荷，压缩扩散双电子层产生的混聚作用。在重力作用下沉淀。其优点为不仅有效降低污染物浓度还可以改善废水的生物降解性能，缺点是会产生大量的化学污泥，造成二次污染，出水的PH值较低，含盐量高，对氨氮的除去率较低。
2.吸附法：
指利用多孔性固体吸附废水中一种或几种污染物，以回收或去除污染物，从而使废水得到净化的方法，优点是处理效果好，缺点是成本高。
有关资料介绍，膜分离、铁碳法、光催化氧化法、生化法、上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、HVSB、UBF、ABR等生化处理技术。
根据制药废水的特点，仅靠单一的处理工艺很难使出水达标排放，必须用多种工艺联合处理的方法，才能有效即达到处理的最终要求。同时必须对废水中回收部分有回收价值的有机溶剂，才能实现资源处理费用与成本平衡，回收与利用的社会经济价值。
参考文献
1.制药厂废水处理技术及研究进展.陈美花.科学与财富.2018，(20).
2.制药厂废水处理技术研究进展.张岩.工业水处理.2018.5.38.(5.)
3.中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.医药工业发展规划指南.(EBOL).208-11-07.
4.Karelidv.LarssonG.Berade B.Pilod Scale removal Pnafcuaceuti-Calsofgranular and Poudered activrated Carbon Tracrment at tnce WastewaterTreatment Plants[J].Journal of Environmental Management.2017.193,491-502.
三、发明内容
本发明在工业化生产线上实施的方法为：针对乙酸乙酯与丙酮为低沸点、易挥发的特点，对两混合溶剂的废水量置于蒸馏釜内进行蒸馏，将两溶剂与废水分离。蒸馏液通过盐析手段，将乙酸乙酯与丙酮分离，乙酸乙酯加无水硫酸钠除杂，丙酮经过分馏后，加无水氯化钙干燥。
有机残余液经氧化——混凝方式处理，可达标排放。
四、具体工艺步骤如下：
1.乙酸乙酯物化参数
无色具有芳香气味的液体，微溶于水，沸点77℃，在空气中可燃极限2.2-9％。
2.丙酮物化参数
无色易挥发、易燃液体，能与水、醇、醚等有机溶剂混溶，沸点56.5℃，爆炸极限2.05-19.0(体积)。
3.将两溶剂的废水置于密封蒸馏釜进行蒸馏，收集两溶剂混合液，在有搅拌容器中，加入20％的氯化钠溶剂盐析。有机相为乙酸乙酯，用无水硫酸钠脱水，水相中丙酮经过分馏、脱水剂用无水氯化钙干燥。

Claims (3)

1.一种头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺,将有毒残留液置于蒸馏容器中，加热对乙酸乙酯、丙酮等混合液进行常规蒸馏，得到无色的混合溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1的概述：蒸馏液经过化验，准确测得乙酸乙酯、丙酮的含量。混合溶剂在1:17转的搅拌釜内，加入10％的含盐(氯化钠溶液)分五次洗涤，取乙酸乙酯样品，测丙酮含有量低于千分之三即盐析终点。
乙酸乙酯溶液中加入无水硫酸钠脱水干燥回用，硫酸钠干燥后回用。
丙酮溶液经分馏塔处理，用无水氯化钠处理后回用，氯化钙干燥后回用，盐析液回用。
3.残余液用生物、化学法处理后，达标排放。
CN202010482998.9A 2020-06-01 2020-06-01 头孢西丁酸废液中回收溶剂工艺 Pending CN111661968A (zh)

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