CN111658236A - 一种用复合激光制备钛合金植入体表面微纳结构以增强表面细胞黏附的方法 - Google Patents
一种用复合激光制备钛合金植入体表面微纳结构以增强表面细胞黏附的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用复合激光制备钛合金植入体表面微纳结构的方法，包括如下步骤：采用光纤激光加工工艺在钛合金材料表面加工出微米级的仿树蛙脚掌皮肤的沟槽形貌；然后采用飞秒激光加工工艺在钛合金材料表面加工出纳米条纹，即可在钛合金植入体表面形成仿树蛙脚掌皮肤的微纳米组合结构。本方法使用光纤激光和飞秒激光加工法制备微纳米组合结构，通过体外模拟体液浸泡与成骨细胞增殖实验以及接触角实验研究不同表面微结构的生物活性，实验结果表明此方法能够改善钛合金人工骨骼的表面生物活性和促进细胞定向生长的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构的制备方法，特别涉及一种激光加工钛合金植入体以增强生物表面活性和促进细胞定向生长功能的方法。
背景技术
钛合金材料因其良好的机械力学性能以及生物相容性而被广泛的应用于人工骨植入领域。但钛合金材料存在生物惰性，植入人体后，不易与骨组织形成稳定可靠的生物键合，使植入体周围发生炎症，更有甚者引起植入体脱落，导致植入失败，因此，提升钛合金材料与骨组织的结合能力成为植入体必须解决的问题。
钛合金植入体应该与骨组织具有良好的生物相容性，进而加快组织生长，综上所述目前急需一种能够使得钛合金植入体具有良好生物相容性得加工方法。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提出一种用复合激光制备钛合金植入体表面微纳结构以增强表面细胞黏附的方法，能够有效提升钛合金植入体表面的生物活性。
针对人工骨表面微结构设计制造中存在的植入体结合强度不高，易出现植入松动乃至脱落等问题；本发明依据仿生学原理，结合树蛙脚掌皮肤具有粘附性的特点，设计出仿树蛙脚掌皮肤形貌的六边形微纳米组合结构，为了实现所设计表面微纳米组合结构的制备，本方法使用光纤激光和飞秒激光加工法制备微纳米组合结构，通过体外模拟体液浸泡实验、细胞增殖以及接触角实验研究不同表面微结构的生物活性，实验结果表明此方法能够改善钛合金人工骨骼的表面生物活性和促进细胞定向生长功能。
附图说明
图1为光纤激光器制备的微六边形SEM图。
图2为飞秒激光加工后的微纳米结构SEM图。
图3为光纤激光和飞秒激光器处理后表面HA沉积图。
图4为细胞增殖对比扫描电镜图。左图为光滑钛合金表面MC3T3细胞培养7天后的细胞增殖照片，右图为复合激光处理后的钛合金表面MC3T3细胞培养7天后的细胞增殖照片。
图5为成骨细胞增殖实验对比数据图。
图6为成骨细胞生长方向分布图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明的具体实施进一步详细说明。
材料选用TC4钛合金，其组成为Ti6Al4V，该合金被广泛的应用于人工骨植入领域。
首先将钛合金TC4依次用不同粗糙度砂纸打磨、绒布抛光后，放入装有丙酮的烧杯中超声波清洗10min，取出后，依次放入无水乙醇和去离子水中超声波清洗10min，去除样品表面的杂质。
通过对天然骨结构进行分析发现，结合树蛙脚掌皮肤具有粘附性的特点，仿生设计出六边形的微米级结构，六边形边长为150~300
，六边形间沟槽宽100
。在此基础上结合纳米结构制备工艺，设计纳米条纹空间周期为400nm。因激光加工具有可控性，先采用激光加工法进行表面六边形微米结构的加工，然后采用飞秒激光进行植入体表面纳米形貌的制备。
附图1为光纤激光器制备的微六边形SEM图。其具体加工参数为光纤激光脉冲占空比50%，加工速度0.2m/min、0.5m/min、0.8m/min、1.1m/min和1.4m/min，加速度30m/min，功率10W、12W、14W、16W，频率1000Hz和100KHz，加工长度35mm，实验温度25℃。制备出上述设计的微米结构。
采用视频光学接触角仪分别对采用光纤激光器构建微六边形结构的钛合金表面与钛合金基体光滑表面进行接触角测量，得到钛合金基体光滑表面的接触角为59.6°，而经过光纤激光器构建微六边形结构的钛合金表面为46.8°~53.2°，实验结果表面该结构能够减小基体材料的接触角提升钛合金材料表面亲水性，有利于提升植入体表面生物活性。
附图2为飞秒激光加工后的微纳米结构SEM图。具体加工参数与方法为飞秒激光脉冲220fs，中心波长515nm，重复频率100KHz，加工速度依次选取：5mm/s，10mm/s，20mm/s，50mm/s，100mm/s，200mm/s，500mm/s，1000mm/s，激光能量输出百分比10~100%。通过对不同实验参数下激光加工形貌进行观察发现，得到当V=5mm/s，P=1.530W；V=10mm/s，P=0.540W；V=20mm/s，P=1.002W；V=200mm/s，P=2.083W时，制备的表面形貌效果最好。
附图3为光纤激光和飞秒激光器处理后表面HA沉积图。相同飞秒激光加工参数（V=200mm/s，激光功率P=2.083W）下不同微六边形结构（边长L依次为150
、200
、250
、300
）上的表面羟基磷灰石沉积效果表明：该表面微纳结构具有较好的生物相容性。当微六边形边L=200
时，表面有一层均匀的羟基磷灰石涂层产生，涂层即将覆盖整个微纳米结构表面，表现良好的生物相容性。通过对相同尺寸微米级六边形结构上不同纳米结构的观察和研究发现，光纤激光制备的微六边形与飞秒激光制备的经典条纹组合结构，使材料表面具有较高的生物活性。经典条纹结构较其它纳米级结构的表面形貌更加规则，条纹分布比较均匀，对羟基磷灰石的成核和成长具有积极的促进作用。结果表明通过复合激光处理后微纳米结构具有相对较高的生物相容性。
附图4为细胞增殖对比扫描电镜图，左图为光滑钛合金表面MC3T3细胞培养7天后的细胞增殖照片，右图为复合激光处理后的钛合金表面MC3T3细胞培养7天后的细胞增殖照片。经过对比，复合激光处理后的钛合金表面结构能够显著提高成骨细胞黏附和增殖功能。
附图5为成骨细胞增殖实验对比数据。实验分别在光滑的钛合金表面、光纤激光器构建微六边形结构的钛合金表面以及复合激光处理后的钛合金表面进行不同培养天数下的成骨细胞增殖实验。对照组为无样品的细胞培养液以观察细胞生长情况。复合激光处理后的钛合金表面第一天的光密度水平高于其他表面与对照组，说明该结构改善了细胞粘附。在培养第5天和第7天的光密度水平几乎可以超过或达到对照组的水平。因此，复合激光处理后的钛合金表面对成骨细胞粘附和增殖有积极的影响。
附图6a为复合激光处理后的钛合金表面成骨细胞生长图像，图6b为成骨细胞分布方向统计图。图a中的箭头为激光加工的纳米条纹方向，设定纳米条纹方向为0°，经过统计，77.6%的细胞分布在-45°~+45°的方向上。因此，可以得出结论，激光加工的纳米条纹能够诱导细胞排列，促进细胞定向生长，细胞的定向生长有助于沿种植体表面纳米波纹方向具有更高的机械强度，这将对植入体的应用产生积极的影响。
Claims (9)
1.一种用复合激光制备钛合金植入体表面微纳结构的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：采用光纤激光加工工艺在钛合金材料表面加工出微米级的仿树蛙脚掌皮肤的沟槽形貌；然后采用飞秒激光加工工艺在钛合金材料表面加工出纳米条纹，即可在钛合金植入体表面形成仿树蛙脚掌皮肤的微纳米组合结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，光纤激光加工工艺中，光纤激光脉冲占空比为50%，加工速度为0.2 m/min~30m/min，功率为10W~16W，频率为1000Hz~100KHz。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，飞秒激光加工工艺中，飞秒激光脉冲为220fs，中心波长为515nm，重复频率为100KHz，加工速度为5 mm/s~1000mm/s，激光能量输出百分比10%~100%。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，飞秒激光加工工艺中，当加工速度为5mm/s时，功率为1.530W；当加工速度为10mm/s时，功率为0.540W；当加工速度为20mm/s时，功率为1.002W；当加工速度为200mm/s时，功率为2.083W。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，微米级的仿树蛙脚掌皮肤的沟槽形貌是指由沟槽将钛合金材料表面分割成若干相互拼接的六边形的表面形貌，作为次级形貌的六边形结构以及六边形之间的沟槽结构均具有微米级尺寸。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述作为次级形貌的六边形边长为150~300
；相邻六边形间的沟槽宽度为100
。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，纳米条纹尺寸为400nm。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述方法得到的钛合金植入体。
9.权利要求1-7任一项所述方法用于增强钛合金植入体表面细胞黏附能力和/或成骨细胞定向生长能力的应用。
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| CN113897569B (zh) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-04-01 | 东北大学 | 一种提高细胞粘附与增殖的钛合金表面形貌及制备方法 |
| CN114990546A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-02 | 贵州大学 | 一种飞秒激光结合激光熔覆在TC4表面制备β型TixNb涂层的方法及TC4和应用 |
| CN114990546B (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-06-02 | 贵州大学 | 一种飞秒激光结合激光熔覆在TC4表面制备微纳米结构TixNb涂层的方法及应用 |
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