CN111653871B - Broadband horn antenna based on stepped four ridges - Google Patents
Broadband horn antenna based on stepped four ridges Download PDFInfo
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- CN111653871B CN111653871B CN202010774854.0A CN202010774854A CN111653871B CN 111653871 B CN111653871 B CN 111653871B CN 202010774854 A CN202010774854 A CN 202010774854A CN 111653871 B CN111653871 B CN 111653871B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0275—Ridged horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
- H01Q5/55—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation for horn or waveguide antennas
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Abstract
The application discloses broadband horn antenna based on cascaded four spines, including conical horn, cascaded four spines, bottom sprag piece and feed coaxial line. The conical horn includes a straight waveguide section and a horn section. The end with larger sectional area of the horn section is a circle and is connected with four elliptical arc sections obtained by intersecting two mutually orthogonal cylinders; the side wall of the horn section is provided with four through holes I which are sequentially spaced by 90 degrees. The stepped four ridges are a cross structure formed by four ridge plates which are mutually orthogonal; each ridge plate comprises a plurality of sections of metal plates which are the same in height and gradually decreased in width, are sequentially connected in a step shape, are provided with a second through hole, and further comprise a section of metal plate of which the outer ridge line is curved. The bottom supporting block is a cross structure formed by four rectangular blocks which are mutually orthogonal. The four feed coaxial lines penetrate through four through holes III in the conical horn at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence and are used for being electrically connected with four stepped ridge plates with four ridges. The method and the device realize ultra wide band, high port isolation and high cross polarization isolation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a broadband horn antenna which can be used as a probe antenna for near-field antenna measurement.
Background
The antenna measurement techniques are classified into far field (far field) measurement, near field (near field) measurement, and compact antenna test range (compact antenna test range) measurement. The near-field measurement is to measure the amplitude and phase of the radiation of the antenna to be measured in the near field by using a probe (also called probe antenna) with known characteristics, and then obtain the far-field radiation characteristic of the antenna to be measured through near-far field transformation. The method overcomes the limitation of the field size, and improves the measurement precision, thereby receiving wide attention.
Horn antennas (horn antenna) are commonly used as probe antennas because of their simple structure, easy processing, high gain, and good radiation pattern symmetry. The pyramid horn antenna commonly used in near-field antenna measurement has the advantages of simple structure, higher gain and symmetrical radiation pattern; the disadvantages are that the bandwidth is not wide enough, so that the probe needs to be replaced frequently when the broadband antenna is measured, and the single polarization characteristic is not beneficial to the measurement of the dual-polarization antenna.
Factors such as a relative probe directional diagram, a polarization ratio of the probe, coupling between the probe and the antenna to be measured, a position error of the probe and the like are closely related to the measurement quality of the final antenna. When the dual-polarized antenna is measured, compared with a single-polarized probe, the dual-polarized probe can avoid rotating operation, eliminates errors caused by movement or position change for meeting different polarization requirements, and can greatly improve the measurement efficiency. The main factors influencing the dual-polarized probe comprise working bandwidth, cross polarization isolation, port isolation and the like.
In the meeting discussion article of 8mm double-polarization four-ridge pyramid horn antenna design published by yoging and Zhouyou on the microwave millimeter wave conference in 2018 nationwide on 5/6/2018, a double-polarization horn antenna is disclosed, wherein the horn adopts a four-ridge structure of an exponential ridge curve, dual-polarization output is realized by respectively feeding two coaxial lines, the dual-polarization horn can work at 34GHz to 36GHz, the bandwidth is similar to that of a common conical horn, the standing-wave ratio in a dual-port band is less than 1.5, and the port isolation is greater than 20 dB. As a dual-polarized horn antenna, standing waves in a band are small, but the bandwidth is narrow, the port isolation is poor, and more errors are easily introduced in measurement. There is room for improvement in terms of operating bandwidth and port isolation, among others.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem that this application will be solved is to overcome not enough among the above-mentioned prior art, proposes an ultra wide band dual polarization horn antenna based on cascaded four ridges, uses the four ridge structures of cascaded transition to realize better impedance matching effect, has greatly increased horn antenna's bandwidth to use differential feed to realize dual polarization characteristic and have higher port isolation and higher cross polarization isolation on this basis, use the near field measurement efficiency that can improve the antenna as dual polarization probe antenna in near field measurement. The cross section of the conical horn antenna is circular, and dual-polarization output is supported.
In order to solve the technical problem, the broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four ridges comprises a conical horn, the stepped four ridges, a bottom supporting block and a feeding coaxial line. The conical horn comprises a straight waveguide section and a horn section, wherein the straight waveguide section is cylindrical, one end of the straight waveguide section is closed, and the other end of the straight waveguide section is open; the horn section is approximately in a round table shape, two ends of the horn section are both opened, the opening surface of the end with the smaller sectional area is in a circular shape and is connected with the opening end of the straight waveguide section, and the opening surface of the end with the larger sectional area is in a circular shape and is connected with four sections of elliptical arc sections obtained by intersecting two mutually orthogonal cylinders; the side wall of the horn section close to the end with the larger sectional area is provided with a first through hole with 90-degree intervals in sequence. The stepped four-ridge structure comprises four ridge plates, two opposite ridge plates are on the same plane, adjacent ridge plates are in a vertical relation, and the whole stepped four-ridge structure is in a cross structure; each ridge plate comprises a plurality of sections of metal plates which have the same height and gradually decreased width and are connected in sequence to form a ladder shape, and the metal plates of which the outer ridge lines are curved are connected with the metal plate with the smallest width in the plurality of sections of metal plates of the ladder shape. And a second through hole is formed in the metal plate with the smallest width in the stepped multi-section metal plates of each ridge plate. The bottom supporting blocks are four same rectangular blocks which are mutually orthogonal to form a cross structure, and the stepped four ridges are connected with the closed end of the straight waveguide section of the conical horn through the bottom supporting blocks. The four feeding coaxial lines penetrate through four through holes III in the conical horn at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence and are used for electrically connecting four stepped ridge plates with four ridges; the two opposite feed coaxial lines form a group, the input amplitudes of the same group of feed coaxial lines are equal, and the phase difference is 180 degrees. Above-mentioned broadband horn antenna has integrateed cascaded four spines and difference feed structure on conical horn antenna's basis, has increased conical horn antenna's bandwidth, has dual polarization characteristic, high cross polarization isolation and high port isolation simultaneously. The shape of the opening surface at the end with the larger sectional area of the horn section is changed, the side wall is provided with the through hole I, the field distribution near the opening surface of the horn antenna can be changed, and the influence of the diffraction of the edge of the opening surface on the radiation characteristic is reduced, so that the gain of the main radiation direction is increased, and the directionality of the antenna is improved. The stepped four ridges can lower the main mode cut-off frequency of the horn, so that the working bandwidth of the ridge-added horn with the same size is wider. The combination of the stepped change section with four stepped ridges and the curve change section can better realize the impedance matching effect, so that the ridged horn antenna is easier to be connected with the coaxial line with lower impedance in a matching way. The step change section comprises a step structure formed by a plurality of sections of metal plates, and is used for better matching the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line with the free-space wave impedance. The outer ridge line of the curve change section adopts a smooth curve, so that the reflection of the aperture surface to incident waves can be reduced, and a good impedance matching effect is realized. And a second through hole is formed in the stepped metal plate of each ridge plate, and the current distribution on the ridge plates is adjusted, so that reflection can be reduced, and the standing-wave ratio of the antenna can be improved. By applying differential feed, the four ridgeplates correspond to the four feed points, the currents on the opposite group of feed coaxial lines are in equal amplitude and opposite phase, the radiation leakage and the coupling are mutually offset, and the generation of high-order modes is inhibited, so that the cross polarization isolation and the port isolation are improved.
Furthermore, four third through holes are formed in the position, close to the opening end, of the side wall of the straight waveguide section in a centrosymmetric manner, or four third through holes are formed in the bottom surface of the closed end of the straight waveguide section in a centrosymmetric manner and used for four feeding coaxial lines to penetrate through. This is an exemplary illustration of the via location.
Further, the outer ridge line of the curved metal plate is in a cubic Bessel curve shape. The curved change section of the ridge plate is tangent and connected with the outer ridge line of the section with the smallest width in the step change section, so that the reflection of transmission electromagnetic waves can be reduced, and a better impedance matching effect is realized.
Furthermore, the metal plate with the largest width in the multiple stepped metal plates is arranged at one end with a smaller cross section of the horn section, and the metal plate with the smallest width in the multiple stepped metal plates and the metal plate with the curved outer ridge line are protruded out of one end with a larger cross section of the horn section. Therefore, the transition effect of improving the impedance can be adjusted by adjusting the width of each part of the step change section.
Further, each part of the stepped four ridges is not in contact with the side wall of the conical horn. The antenna is a reverse fixed four-ridge structure, and has obvious difference from the traditional four-ridge antenna which protrudes the four-ridge structure inwards from the inner wall of the horn due to the difference of the form of loading the ridge structure from the horn and the mode of transmitting electromagnetic waves.
Further, the thickness of each ridge plate decreases from outside to inside in a cubic Bezier curve form. This indicates that the outermost thickness of each ridgeplate is the largest, and the innermost thickness is the smallest, which can improve the in-band matching effect of the ridged horn antenna.
Further, the width of the bottom supporting block is smaller than that of the metal plate with the largest width in the stepped multi-section metal plates, and the center of the cross structure formed by the four bottom supporting blocks is aligned with the center of the cross structure of the stepped four ridges. This is to ensure structural symmetry and avoid adverse effects due to irregular structures.
Further, the bottom supporting block, the side wall of the straight waveguide section of the conical horn and the bottom plate at the closed end form a back cavity. The back cavity structure can effectively reduce the interference of backward radiation to forward radiation, and is favorable for improving the standing-wave ratio of high frequency.
Furthermore, the feeding coaxial lines are four coaxial lines with characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and are respectively and electrically connected with the lower side surfaces of the metal plates with the largest width in the stepped multi-section metal plates of the four ridge plates. This is an example of a feed connection.
Furthermore, the outer shielding layer of the feed coaxial line is connected with the side wall or the bottom surface of the conical horn, and the inner core penetrates through the third through hole in the conical horn. The outer shielding layer of the feed coaxial line is used for grounding, and the inner core is connected with the metal plate with the largest width in the multiple sections of stepped metal plates of each ridge plate for feeding.
The technical effects achieved by the present application are embodied in several aspects.
Firstly, a four-ridge structure is reversely fixed in the conical horn antenna, an outer ridge line of the four-ridge structure is transited from an input end to an output end in a step form, and the characteristic impedance of the four-ridge horn antenna is changed by adjusting the step size of a step change section and the outer ridge line parameter of a curve change section, so that the impedance matching of the horn antenna and a feed coaxial line input port is realized. Meanwhile, the second through holes are formed in the stepped metal plate of each ridge plate, so that the current distribution on the ridge plates is adjusted, and reflection can be reduced to improve the standing-wave ratio of the antenna.
Secondly, the thickness of each ridge plate of the stepped four-ridge structure is also subjected to gradient processing in a form of a cubic Bezier curve from outside to inside, so that the characteristic impedance of the ridge-added horn can be changed, and the matching characteristic in the band can be improved.
And thirdly, the shape of the opening surface at the end with the larger sectional area of the horn section of the conical horn is changed into that the four elliptical arc sections are connected, the side wall close to the end with the larger sectional area of the horn section is provided with a first four through holes, the field distribution near the horn opening surface can be changed by adjusting the shape of the opening surface and the size of the first through holes, the influence of diffraction on the radiation characteristic at the edge of the opening surface is reduced, and the directivity of the radiation pattern of the horn antenna is improved.
Fourthly, the feed end of the stepped four-ridge structure adopts differential feed, four feed points are respectively distributed at the tail ends of the side surfaces of the four ridge plates, the currents of the opposite group of coaxial lines are in equal amplitude and opposite phase, and radiation leakage and coupling of the coaxial lines are mutually offset, so that generation of a higher-order mode is inhibited; when a group of feeding points work, the pair of ridges orthogonal to the direction of the feeding points are not excited, so that the influence on the performance of the antenna is small, and the antenna has dual polarization characteristics, high cross polarization isolation and high port isolation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband horn antenna based on four stepped ridges provided in the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the stepped four ridges of fig. 1 viewed from above.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a single ridge plate of the stepped four ridges of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing simulation results of voltage standing wave ratio versus frequency variation in dual-polarized excitation of the horn antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of cross-polarization isolation versus frequency for x-polarization excitation of the feedhorn of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of input port isolation versus frequency curves of the feedhorn of fig. 1.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: the horn-shaped structure comprises a conical horn 1, a straight waveguide section 11, a horn section 12, a through hole I120, a stepped four ridge 2, a ridge plate 21, a ridge plate first part 21a, a ridge plate second part 21b, a ridge plate third part 21c, a ridge plate fourth part 21d, a ridge plate fifth part 21e, a ridge plate sixth part 21f, a through hole II 210, a bottom support block 3 and a coaxial feed line 4.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four-ridge structure provided by the present application includes a conical horn 1, a stepped four-ridge structure 2, a bottom support block 3, and a feeding coaxial line 4. In order to better show the internal structure of the feedhorn of the present application, fig. 1 is a perspective view.
The conical horn 1 includes a straight waveguide section 11 and a horn section 12. The straight waveguide section 11 is cylindrical, with one end closed and the other open. The radius of the mouth surface of the straight waveguide section 11 is R1. The horn section 12 is initially in the shape of a circular truncated cone and has a height h3Both ends are open, and the cross section is in radius linearityIncreased circularity. The mouth face shape of the end of the horn section 12 having a smaller cross-sectional area is a radius R1Is connected to the open end of the straight waveguide section 11. The mouth face shape of the end with larger cross section area of the horn section 12 is formed by the radius R3Is changed into a circle with radius R3The radius of the circle orthogonal to the two central axes is R2Four elliptical arc sections obtained by intersecting the cylinders are connected. The central axis of one of the cylinders is in a plane with one pair of the ridge plates 21, and the central axis of the other cylinder is in a plane with the other pair of the ridge plates 21. R2And R3The central axes of the two cylinders are the same or similar, and the height of the central axes of the two cylinders is basically flush with the end with larger sectional area of the initial circular truncated cone. Four side walls of the horn section 12 close to one end with a larger sectional area are arranged on the side wall in central symmetry at intervals of 90 DEG and have a height of h1Width W0First rectangular via 120. The midpoints of the upper and lower sides of the four rectangular through holes I120 are respectively aligned with the four ridge plates 21. The shape of the first rectangular through hole 120 can be changed into trapezoid, ellipse and the like, and the central axis of each first rectangular through hole is aligned with one ridge plate 21. Through changing the mouth face shape of the end with the bigger mouth face radius of the horn section 12 and opening the first through hole 120 on the side wall of the horn section 12 close to the end with the bigger sectional area, the field distribution near the mouth face is changed, the influence of the diffraction of the edge of the mouth face on the radiation characteristic of the antenna is reduced, the energy is more concentrated, thereby increasing the gain of the main radiation direction and improving the directionality of the antenna. Preferably, R1=11.5mm，R2=25.5mm，R3=25.5mm，h1=10.8mm，h3=108mm，W0=7mm。
The four stepped ridges 2 are four same ridge plates (also called ridge sheets) 21, two opposite ridge plates 21 are on the same plane, the adjacent ridge plates 21 are in a vertical relation, and the whole four stepped ridges 2 form a cross structure. Referring to fig. 2, the thickness of each ridge plate 21 gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. The thickness of the ridge plate 21 at the outermost side farthest from the center of the cross structure is W1The thickness of the ridge plate 21 at the innermost side closest to the center of the cross structure is W2The overall thickness of the spine panel 21 is from outermost to innermostThe sides vary in the form of cubic bezier curves (also known as bezier curves). Referring to fig. 3, each of the ridge plates 21 includes six portions, wherein the first portion 21a to the fifth portion 21e are five metal plates having the same height h and gradually decreasing width (distance from the outer edge to the center of the cross structure), and the sixth portion 21f is a section of a cubic bezier curve-shaped ridge line having a height h4Is connected to the ridge plate fifth portion 21 e. The fifth part 21e of the ridge plate is provided with a height h2Width W4The second rectangular through hole 210. The upper edge of the second rectangular through hole 210 is aligned with the upper edge of the fifth part 21e of the ridge plate, and the height h2And should not be greater than the height h of the spine panel fifth portion 21 e. The shape of the second rectangular through holes 210 can also be changed into a slender trapezoid, an oval and the like, and the upper edge of each second rectangular through hole is aligned with the upper edge of the fifth part 21e of the ridge plate and is not more than the height h of the fifth part 21e of the ridge plate. By changing the height h of the second rectangular through hole 2102And width W4The current distribution on the ridgeplate 21 may be adjusted to reduce reflections, thereby improving the impedance matching effect at low frequencies of the antenna. The ridge first portion 21a is located inside the conical horn 1 at the end of the horn section 12 where the cross-sectional area is smaller. The ridge plate fifth and sixth portions 21e and 21f are located inside the conical horn 1 and protrude beyond the end of the horn section 12 where the cross-sectional area is large. The whole stepped four ridges 2 are not contacted with the side wall of the conical horn 1. For example, the first to fifth portions 21a to 21e of the ridge plate have widths L, respectively1To L5，L1＞L2＞L3＞L4＞L5The heights are all h. The thickness of each ridge plate 21 is gradually changed in a cubic Bezier curve mode, the width is gradually changed in a step mode, only the top end is gradually changed in a cubic Bezier curve mode, and the special shape design can change the characteristic impedance of the ridge plate 21; the matching from the impedance of the coaxial line to the wave impedance of the free space is realized through the transition of the characteristic impedance of a plurality of metal plates 21a to 21e with the gradually changed widths; the reflection of transmission electromagnetic waves can be reduced through the cubic Bessel curve-shaped ridge line of the top metal plate 21f, and a good impedance matching effect is realized. Preferably, W1=1.3mm，W2=1mm，L1=10mm，L2=9.81mm，L3=9.21mm，L4=8.62mm，L5=8mm，h=20mm，h2=9mm，h4=8mm，W4=0.9mm。
Preferably, the coordinate parameter equation of the cubic bezier curve shape ridge line of the metal plate of the ridge plate sixth portion 21f is as follows. x ═ 1-t)3×x5＋3×t×(1－t)2×x6＋3×t2×(1－t)×x7＋t3×x8。z＝(1－t)3×z5＋3×t×(1－t)2×z6＋3×t2×(1－t)×z7＋t3×z8. Wherein t is a parameter, and t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; (x)5,z5）、（x6,z6）、（x7,z7）、（x8,z8) Respectively is the start end point coordinate, the start end control point coordinate, the end control point coordinate and the end point coordinate. x represents the distance of a point on the curve to the z-axis, and z represents the distance of a point on the curve to the x-axis. Preferably, the (x) in the xoz plane is the origin of coordinates at the center of the bottom surface of the cross structure of the bottom support block 35,z5）、（x6,z6）、（x7,z7）、（x8,z8) Respectively (-8 mm, 108 mm), (-7 mm, 116 mm), (-0.11 mm, 116 mm), (0 mm, 116 mm).
The thickness of the ridge plate is in a cubic Bezier curve relationship transition, and the expression is shown as follows. x ═ 1-t)3×x1＋3×t×(1－t)2×x2＋3×t2×(1－t)×x3＋t3×x4。y＝(1－t)3×y1＋3×t×(1－t)2×y2＋3×t2×(1－t)×y3＋t3×y4. Wherein t is a parameter, and t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; (x)1,y1）、（x2,y2）、（x3,y3）、（x4,y4) Respectively as the initial end point coordinate and the initial end control pointCoordinates, termination end control point coordinates, termination end point coordinates. x represents the distance of a point on the curve to the y-axis, and y represents the distance of a point on the curve to the x-axis. Preferably, (x) in the xoy plane with the center of the bottom surface of the cross structure of the bottom support block 3 as the origin of coordinates1,y1）、（x2,y2）、（x3,y3）、（x4,y4) Respectively (0.5 mm ), (29 mm, 0.4 mm), (29.5 mm, 4.38 mm), and (30 mm, 4.5 mm).
The bottom supporting block 3 is four same rectangular blocks which are mutually orthogonally fixed to form a cross structure and connected with the bottoms of the stepped four ridges 2. The overall width (distance from the outer edge to the center of the cross) of each rectangular block is L0Height of h0Thickness of W3. The width of the bottom support block 3 is smaller than that of the ridge plate first portion 21a, and the center of the cross structure formed by the four bottom support blocks 3 is aligned with the center of the cross structure of the stepped four ridges 2. The bottom supporting block 3 is used as a supporting body to connect the stepped four ridges 2 and the conical horn 1 into a whole, and the structure is simple and easy to process. Specifically, the stepped four ridges 2 are connected to the closed end of the straight waveguide section 11 through the bottom support block 3. Preferably, L0=4mm,h0=7mm,W3=1mm。
The feeding coaxial lines 4 are four coaxial lines with characteristic impedance of 50 omega, and the outer conductor (outer shielding layer) of the feeding coaxial line 4 is connected with the side wall of the straight waveguide section 11 of the conical horn 1. The inner core of the feed coaxial line 4 is used as a probe to pass through four through holes III which are sequentially spaced by 90 degrees and are arranged on the side wall of the straight waveguide section 11 of the conical horn 1 and are close to the opening end, and the inner core is used for being electrically connected with the lower side surfaces of four ridge plates 21 of the stepped four-ridge 2. For example, the inner cores of the four feeding coaxial lines 4 are electrically connected to the side surfaces of the first portions 21a of the four ridge plates, respectively. The two feeding coaxial lines in opposite directions form a group, the output amplitudes of the same group of feeding coaxial lines are equal, the phase difference is 180 degrees, and each group of feeding lines controls one polarization of the horn antenna. Or, four through holes three are formed on the bottom surface of the closed end of the straight waveguide section 11 in a centrosymmetric manner, the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line 4 is connected with the bottom surface of the closed end of the straight waveguide section 11, and the inner core of the feeding coaxial line 4 as a probe passes through the four through holes three of the bottom surface of the closed end of the straight waveguide section 11 at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence and is electrically connected with the bottom surfaces of the four ridge plates respectively.
It should be noted that, in the broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four-ridge shown in fig. 1, each ridge plate 21 includes five metal plates with the same height and successively decreasing widths, and a sixth metal plate with an outer ridge line in a shape of a cubic bezier curve, which is an implementation example. In other embodiments, each of the ridge plates 21 may include a plurality of metal plates with successively decreasing widths and the same height, and another metal plate with a ridge line in a cubic bezier curve shape.
Simulation software is used for carrying out simulation experiments on the broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four ridges, and the obtained simulation results are shown in fig. 4 to 6.
Referring to fig. 4, the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the dual polarization is plotted against the frequency. The working frequency band of the broadband horn antenna is 5GHz to 22GHz, the in-band standing wave ratio is less than 2.3, most of the in-band standing wave ratios except individual frequency bands are less than 2, and the broadband horn antenna has wider frequency bandwidth compared with the existing four-ridge horn antenna.
Referring to fig. 5, the cross-polarization isolation of x-polarization is plotted against frequency. The cross polarization isolation degree of the antenna in the frequency band from 5GHz to 22GHz is larger than 25dB, and the cross polarization isolation degree of the antenna except for most of the band near 22GHz is larger than 30 dB. Compared with the prior four-ridge horn antenna with the minimum cross polarization isolation of 20dB, the four-ridge horn antenna has higher cross polarization isolation.
Referring to fig. 6, the input port isolation is plotted against frequency. The isolation degree of the input port of the four-ridge horn antenna in the frequency band from 5GHz to 22GHz is greater than 45dB and is superior to the isolation degree index of the 20dB minimum port of the existing four-ridge horn antenna.
The simulation results show that the broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four ridges realizes the characteristics of ultra wide band, high cross polarization isolation and high port isolation of 5 GHz-22 GHz frequency bands, the working bandwidth reaches 4.4 octaves, the in-band standing-wave ratio is basically less than 2, meanwhile, the cross polarization isolation is basically greater than 30dB, the port isolation is greater than 45dB, and the requirement of near field measurement is met.
The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A broadband horn antenna based on four stepped ridges is characterized by comprising a conical horn, four stepped ridges, a bottom supporting block and a feeding coaxial line;
the conical horn comprises a straight waveguide section and a horn section, wherein the straight waveguide section is cylindrical, one end of the straight waveguide section is closed, and the other end of the straight waveguide section is open; the horn section is approximately in a round table shape, two ends of the horn section are both opened, the end with smaller sectional area is circular and is connected with the opening end of the straight waveguide section, and the end with larger sectional area is circular and is connected with four sections of elliptical arc sections obtained by intersecting two mutually orthogonal cylinders; the side wall of the horn section close to one end with a larger sectional area is provided with four through holes I which are sequentially spaced by 90 degrees;
the stepped four ridges comprise four ridge plates, two opposite ridge plates are on the same plane, adjacent ridge plates are in a vertical relation, and the whole stepped four ridges are in a cross structure; each ridge plate comprises a plurality of sections of metal plates with the same height and sequentially decreasing width, which are sequentially connected in a step shape, and further comprises a section of metal plate with an outer ridge line in a curve shape, which is connected with the metal plate with the smallest width in the plurality of sections of metal plates in the step shape; a second through hole is formed in the metal plate with the smallest width in the stepped multi-section metal plates; each part of the stepped four ridges is not in contact with the side wall of the conical horn;
the bottom supporting blocks are four rectangular blocks which are mutually orthogonal to form a cross structure, and the stepped four ridges are connected with the closed end of the straight waveguide section of the conical horn through the bottom supporting blocks;
the four feeding coaxial lines penetrate through four through holes III in the conical horn at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence and are used for electrically connecting four stepped ridge plates with four ridges; the two opposite feed coaxial lines form a group, the input amplitudes of the same group of feed coaxial lines are equal, and the phase difference is 180 degrees.
2. The broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four ridges of claim 1, wherein four through holes three are formed in the side wall of the straight waveguide section near the open end in a centrosymmetric manner, or four through holes three are formed in the bottom surface of the closed end of the straight waveguide section in a centrosymmetric manner, and four feeding coaxial lines are used for passing through.
3. The broadband horn antenna based on stepped four ridges of claim 1, wherein the outer ridge line of the metal plate with the curved outer ridge line is in a cubic bezier curve shape.
4. The broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four-ridge structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal plate with the largest width among the plurality of metal plates with the stepped shape is located at the end with the smaller cross-sectional area of the horn section, and the metal plate with the smallest width among the plurality of metal plates with the stepped shape and the metal plate with the curved outer ridge line are protruded out of the end with the larger cross-sectional area of the horn section.
5. The stepped four-ridge based broadband feedhorn of claim 1, wherein a thickness of each ridge decreases from outside to inside in a cubic bezier curve.
6. The broadband horn antenna based on four stepped ridges of claim 1, wherein the width of the bottom support block is smaller than that of the metal plate with the largest width in the multiple metal plates, and the center of the cross structure formed by the four bottom support blocks is aligned with the center of the cross structure of the four stepped ridges.
7. The broadband horn antenna based on four ridges of the ladder type of claim 1, wherein the bottom support block forms a back cavity with the side wall of the straight waveguide section and the bottom plate of the closed end of the conical horn.
8. The broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four-ridge structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding coaxial lines are four coaxial lines with characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, and are electrically connected to the four ridge plates respectively, and the connection position is a side surface of a metal plate with the largest width among the stepped multiple metal plates.
9. The broadband horn antenna based on the stepped four-ridge structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer shielding layer of the feeding coaxial line is connected with the side wall or the bottom surface of the conical horn, and the inner core passes through the third through hole on the conical horn.
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| CN113725615B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-08-12 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarized horn antenna |
| CN113992278B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 上海莱天通信技术有限公司 | Calibration test method and device for reflective phased array antenna |
| CN114447616B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2024-02-13 | 杭州湃腾科技有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on multistage open type side wall |
| CN114552183B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-06-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | X/Ku wave band radiator and implementation method |
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