CN114447616B - Broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on multistage open type side wall - Google Patents
Broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on multistage open type side wall Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on a multi-section open type side wall, which comprises a horn antenna with a multi-section open type side wall, a gradual change reverse four-ridge, a rectangular block and a coaxial feed coaxial line; the horn antenna comprises a waveguide section and a horn section, wherein a rectangular block is fixed on a bottom plate in the waveguide section, and a gradual reverse four-ridge is fixed above the rectangular block and is connected with a coaxial feed coaxial line; the gradual change reverse four ridges are metal plates with linear correction terms and exponential function ridge lines in a cross structure, the thickness of each ridge plate gradually decreases from outside to inside at the butt joint center, and the width of each ridge plate gradually increases from top to bottom; the characteristic impedance of the horn antenna is changed gradually through the thickness and the width of the ridge plate, so that the stable transition from the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line to the free space wave impedance is realized. The antenna has the characteristics of ultra-wideband, high gain, high isolation, high cross polarization identification and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on a multi-section open type side wall, which can be used as a probe for antenna measurement.
Background
Antenna measurement refers to measuring the radiation characteristics of a probe antenna with known characteristics directly or indirectly in a far field region or a near field region of radiation of the antenna to be measured. As an important component of the system, the performance of the probe antenna has a key influence on the measurement accuracy. To ensure accuracy of measurement results, antenna measurement generally uses a linearly polarized horn antenna as a probe antenna to measure radiation far field characteristics of an antenna to be measured. The horn antenna has the advantages of mature related design theory, simple processing and manufacturing, simple structure, wide working frequency band, large power capacity, high gain, strong directionality, low side lobe of the directional diagram and the like, and is widely applied.
However, the conventional horn antenna has a plurality of defects, which affect the accuracy and efficiency of antenna measurement. Firstly, the working bandwidth of the traditional horn antenna is generally narrow, and the traditional horn antenna needs to be frequently replaced in measurement, so that the efficiency of measurement is low; secondly, two polarization components, namely horizontal polarization components and vertical polarization components, need to be measured in antenna measurement, and have higher requirements on polarization purity in order to ensure higher measurement accuracy; thirdly, the horn antenna adopting single linear polarization needs to be mechanically rotated by 90 degrees during measurement, so that the measurement time is high in cost and errors and the like can be caused; fourth, the lower gain of the horn antenna also results in lower accuracy of the antenna pattern measurement to be measured, and the like. To address these issues, a metal quad-ridge structure may be typically loaded into the feedhorns. The four-ridge horn antenna has the characteristics of broadband and dual polarization, and can greatly improve the antenna measurement efficiency.
For example, yoga and Zhou Yonggang propose a dual-polarized horn antenna in the "8 mm dual-polarized four-ridge pyramid horn antenna design" published in 2014, by loading two pairs of gradually-changed ridge plates in the pyramid horn, the standing wave ratio of two ports is smaller than 1.5 in the working frequency band of 34GHz-36GHz, namely, the relative bandwidth of 5.7%, and the isolation of two polarized ports is larger than 20dB. The dual polarization operation of the horn antenna is realized by the design, but the problems of narrow operation bandwidth, low gain, port isolation and cross polarization identification still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on a multi-section open type side wall, and aims to realize a dual-polarized probe antenna with characteristics of ultra-wideband, high gain, high isolation, high cross polarization identification and the like so as to improve the measurement precision and efficiency of the antenna.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on a multi-section open type side wall, which comprises a horn antenna with a multi-section open type side wall, a gradual change reverse four-ridge, a rectangular block and a coaxial feed coaxial line;
the horn antenna comprises a waveguide section and a horn section, wherein a rectangular block is fixed on a bottom plate in the waveguide section, and a gradual reverse four-ridge is fixed above the rectangular block and is connected with a coaxial feed coaxial line; the gradual reverse four ridges are formed by butt joint of four identical metal plates with exponential function ridge lines with linear correction terms in a cross structure, the thickness of each ridge plate is gradually reduced from outside to inside by the butt joint center, and the width of each ridge plate is gradually increased from top to bottom; the characteristic impedance of the ridge plate is changed through gradual change of the thickness and the width of the ridge plate, so that smooth transition from the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line to the free space wave impedance is realized, and the matching and impedance characteristics of the horn antenna in the whole working frequency band, particularly the low frequency band, are improved.
Preferably, the waveguide section includes a straight circular waveguide and a circular waveguide with a decreasing radius from top to bottom.
Preferably, the straight circular waveguide has a cylindrical shape, and both ends thereof are opened.
Preferably, the end of the bottom part of the circular waveguide with smaller cross section with smaller radius is closed, and the end of the upper part with larger cross section is opened and connected with the straight circular waveguide. The tapered radius circular waveguide improves the performance of the feedhorn.
Preferably, the horn section is composed of 5 sections of circular waveguides with gradually increasing radius in a linear relation with different slopes from bottom to top. The 5 sections of horn sections with gradually changed radiuses improve the gain of the horn antenna.
Preferably, the outer angles of two sides of the bottom end of each ridge plate of the gradual reverse four ridges are chamfer angles with the same angle. Chamfering the outer corners of both sides of the bottom end of each ridge plate by the same angle improves the impedance and radiation characteristics in the high frequency band.
Preferably, the rectangular blocks are of a cross structure formed by the same four rectangular blocks, and are connected with the bottom centers of the cross gradual change reverse four ridges in an aligned mode. The cross-shaped rectangular block widens the operating bandwidth and improves the radiation characteristics in the high frequency band.
Preferably, the outer conductor of the feed coaxial is connected with the side wall of the waveguide section of the horn antenna, the inner core is used as a probe, and the through hole penetrating through the outer wall of the waveguide section is in short circuit connection with the side surface, close to the bottom, of the gradual reverse four ridges.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the reverse four-ridge structure, introduces the capacitance effect to reduce the cut-off frequency of the main mode and improve the cut-off frequency of the adjacent higher-order mode, realizes the broadening of the working bandwidth and avoids the random error during the processing and the assembly of the traditional ridge structure.
2. The invention adopts the multistage open type horn side wall, suppresses the excitation and propagation of the internal higher order mode, improves the caliber efficiency of the horn, shortens the axial length and realizes the improvement of the antenna gain.
3. The coaxial feed line adopts two groups of coaxial lines which respectively feed the two polarizations and an integral structure which is centrosymmetric, so that the distance between the two polarizations is increased, the radiation leakage and the coupling of the coaxial feed line are mutually counteracted, the excitation of an internal higher order mode is restrained, and the improvement of the port isolation and the cross polarization identification is realized.
The dual-polarized horn antenna based on the multi-section open horn side wall, the gradual change reverse four-ridge structure and other partial structures realizes ultra-wideband, high gain, high port isolation and high cross polarization discrimination, the working bandwidth reaches 5 octaves, the in-band standing wave ratio is less than 2, the port isolation is more than 45dB, the cross polarization discrimination of the broadband dual-polarized horn antenna in the frequency band range of 2GHz-10GHz is more than 40dB, and the cross polarization discrimination in the frequency band except the vicinity of 10GHz is more than 50dB, thereby meeting the requirement of antenna measurement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate and do not limit the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a feedhorn with multiple open sidewalls according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the graded inverted four-ridge and rectangular block of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the graded reverse four-ridge bottom transverse cross section of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a xoz side view of a tapered reverse four-ridge one-ridge plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the simulation result of standing wave ratio curve at the time of x-polarization excitation in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the simulation result of the gain versus frequency curve for the x-polarization excitation of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of simulation results of the frequency dependence of the isolation of the input port according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the simulation result of the cross polarization discrimination with frequency at the time of x polarization excitation according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a horn antenna; 2. reverse four ridges; 3. rectangular blocks; 4. coaxial feed coaxial line; 11. a waveguide section; 12. a horn section; 111. a straight circular waveguide; 112. a radius gradual change circular waveguide; 121. a first stage horn section; 122. a second stage horn section; 123. a third-stage horn section; 124. a fourth-order horn section; 125. a fifth stage horn section.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiment 1 and the description of the present invention are for explaining the present invention, but not limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the wideband dual-polarized feedhorn based on multi-section open sidewall provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a feedhorn 1 with multi-section open sidewall, a gradually-changed reverse four ridges 2, a rectangular block 3 and a coaxial feeding coaxial line 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the feedhorn 1 includes a waveguide section 11 and a feedhorn section 12. The waveguide section 11 is composed of a straight circular waveguide 111 and a circular waveguide 112 with a gradually decreasing radius from top to bottom. The straight round waveguide 111 is cylindrical, both ends are open, and one end is connected with one end of the horn section 12 with smaller cross section; the circular waveguide 112 having a radius gradually decreasing in a linear relationship is in a circular truncated cone shape, one end having a smaller cross-sectional area is closed, and the other end having a larger cross-sectional area is connected to the other end of the straight circular waveguide 111. The waveguide section 11 and the horn section 12 can improve the impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna in combination.
The horn section 12 is formed by 5 sections of circular waveguide with gradually increased radius in linear relation with different slopes, namely first, second, third, fourth and fifth stages of horn sections 121, 122, 123, 124 and 125, each section is in a shape of a circular table, two ends are open, one end with smaller cross section of the first stage of horn section 121 is equal to and connected with the radius of the open end of the waveguide section 11, one end with larger cross section is equal to and connected with the radius of one end with smaller cross section of the second stage of horn section 122, and the 5 sections of horn sections 121, 122, 123, 124 and 125 are sequentially connected end to obtain the horn section 12 with multi-section open side walls.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the gradually-changed reverse four ridges 2 are formed into a cross-shaped integral structure by butt-jointing four identical ridge plates in central symmetry, each ridge plate comprises a section of metal plate with an exponential function ridge line of a linear correction term, the thickness of each ridge plate is in linear relation, the thickness of the butt-joint center is gradually reduced from outside to inside, and the thickness of the smaller ridge is t 2 The thickness of the larger ridge is t 1 Each ridge plate gradually increases from top to bottom, and the width of the bottom of each ridge plate is w 1 And 2, forming a conical cross-shaped plate. The external angles at two sides of the bottom end of each ridge plate are cut at the same angle and are inverted trapezoids.
The thickness and width of the ridge plate gradually change to change the characteristic impedance of the horn antenna, the gradual change of the ridge block of the exponential function type ridge line with the linear correction term is used for realizing the stable transition from the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line to the free space wave impedance, and the linear correction term is added after the exponential function type ridge line equation to obviously improve the impedance characteristic of the horn antenna in a low frequency band. The external angles at two sides of the lower end of each ridge plate are cut at the same angle to form an inverted trapezoid, and the thickness of the ridge at the smaller part is t 3 The thickness of the larger ridge is t 1 Impedance matching in the high frequency band can be improved.
The rectangular blocks 3 are the same four rectangular blocks to form a cross structure, and are aligned and connected with the bottom centers of the cross gradual change reverse four ridges 2 to form a whole, so that the structure is simple and the processing is easy.
The feeding coaxial line 4 comprises four coaxial lines with the size of 50 omega, the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line 4 is connected with the side wall of the horn antenna waveguide section 11, the inner core is used as a probe, the through hole passing through the outer wall of the waveguide section 11 is connected with the side surface of the gradual reverse four ridges 2 close to the bottom in a short circuit way, two opposite directions are in a group, and each group controls one polarization of the horn antenna.
In embodiment 1, the radius of the mouth surface of the straight circular waveguide 111 of the waveguide section 11 of the feedhorn 1 is r 1 =36.01 mm, height h 1 =3.05mm; the height of the circular waveguide 112 with gradually decreasing radius is h 2 =4.55 mm, the smaller end of the mouth surface radius is r 2 =31.21 mm, the end with larger radius of the mouth surface is r 1 ＝36.01mm。
The horn section 12 of the multi-section open side wall in the horn antenna 1 is from bottom to top, and the smaller end of the first-stage horn section mouth surface radius is r 1 36.01mm, the larger end of the mouth surface radius is r 3 = 36.51mm; the smaller end of the second-order horn section mouth surface radius is r 3 The end with larger radius of the mouth surface is r = 36.51mm 4 The smaller end of the third-stage flare with the smaller radius is r 4 =38.55 mm, the end with larger radius of the mouth surface is r 5 The smaller end of the fourth-order horn-shaped section is r 5 =42.13 mm, the larger end of the mouth surface radius is r 6 The smaller end of the horn section 125 mouth surface radius is r 6 The end with larger radius of the mouth surface is r 7 = 53.91mm, all heights h 3 = 36.15mm. The horn section of the multistage open type side wall can improve the caliber efficiency of the horn antenna, and further improve the directionality of the horn antenna.
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the width of the bottom of a single ridge plate is w 1 2=35.31 mm, height h 4 =234.8mm. The coordinate equation of the metal plate with the linear correction term of the exponential function type ridge line is as follows:
wherein B is a linear correction coefficient, B.gtoreq.0, x represents the distance from the point on the curve to the z-axis, z represents the distance from the point on the curve to the x-axis, and in this embodiment B=0.13. The thickness of the ridge plate transits in a linear relation, and the thickness of the outer side is t 1 =4.31 mm, inside thickness t 2 =3.43 mm. The two external angles at the lower end of each ridge plate are cut at the same angle to form an inverted trapezoid, and the thickness of the ridge at the smaller part is t 3 =0.94 mm, the larger ridge thickness t 1 ＝4.31mm。
Wherein the overall width of the rectangular block 3 is w 2 =45.2 mm, height h 5 =5.91 mm, thickness t 2 ＝3.43mm。
The feeding coaxial line 4 is four coaxial lines with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. The opposite directions are in a group, the output amplitudes of the same group of feeder lines are equal, and the phases are 180 degrees different.
The technical effects of the invention are further described by simulation experiments:
1. simulation conditions and content:
simulation uses commercial simulation software hfss_19.0;
simulation 1, simulation of a standing wave ratio parameter curve of dual polarization in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the result is shown in fig. 6.
Simulation 2, the result of which is shown in fig. 7, is obtained by simulating the frequency dependence curve of the gain of the x-polarization in example 1 of the present invention.
Simulation 3, the input port isolation versus frequency curve of example 1 of the present invention was simulated, and the result is shown in fig. 8.
Simulation 4 the cross polarization discrimination of the x polarization of example 1 of the present invention was simulated with the frequency variation curve, and the result is shown in fig. 9.
2. Simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 6, in embodiment 1, the working frequency band of the present invention is 2GHz-10GHz, the in-band standing wave ratio is less than 2, and most of the in-band standing wave ratios except for the individual frequency bands are less than 1.7. By loading the reverse four-ridge structure and designing the exponential ridge curve, the impedance transition from the feed port to the horn mouth surface is improved, the working bandwidth of the horn antenna is widened, and the 5 octaves are achieved.
Referring to fig. 7, the gain of the present invention in the frequency band of 2GHz-10GHz in embodiment 1 is 8dBi-20dBi. Through the improvement of the side wall of the multistage open type loudspeaker, the caliber efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved, and the gain in the working frequency band is improved.
Referring to fig. 8, in embodiment 1, the isolation of the input port in the frequency band of 2GHz-10GHz is greater than 45dB. By adopting two groups of coaxial lines to feed the two polarizations respectively, the distance between the two polarizations is increased, and the isolation of the port is improved.
Referring to fig. 9, in embodiment 1, the cross polarization discrimination in the frequency band of 2GHz-10GHz is greater than 40dB, and the cross polarization discrimination in most of the bands except the vicinity of 10GHz is greater than 50dB. By adopting two groups of coaxial lines for feeding the two polarizations respectively and an integral structure which is centrosymmetric, the cross polarization identification degree is improved.
The simulation results show that the ultra-wideband, high gain, high port isolation and high cross polarization identification characteristics are realized.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and based on the technical solution disclosed in the invention, a person skilled in the art may make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features thereof without creative effort according to the technical content disclosed, and all the substitutions and modifications are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on multi-section open type side walls is characterized by comprising a horn antenna with multi-section open type side walls, gradual reverse four ridges, rectangular blocks and coaxial feed coaxial lines;
the horn antenna comprises a waveguide section and a horn section, wherein a rectangular block is fixed on a bottom plate in the waveguide section, and a gradual reverse four-ridge is fixed above the rectangular block and is connected with a coaxial feed coaxial line;
the horn section is formed by 5 sections of circular waveguides with different slopes and gradually increased linear radius;
the gradual change reverse four ridges are metal plates with linear correction terms and exponential function ridge lines in a cross structure, the thickness of each ridge plate gradually decreases from outside to inside at the butt joint center, and the width of each ridge plate gradually increases from top to bottom;
the coordinate equation of the xoz surface of the metal plate with the linear correction term and the exponential function ridge line is as follows:
wherein w is 1 And/2 is the width of the bottom of the single ridge plate, r 1 The radius h of the mouth surface of the straight circular waveguide which is the horn antenna waveguide section 4 The height of the ridge plate, B is a linear correction coefficient,；
the characteristic impedance of the horn antenna is changed gradually through the thickness and the width of the ridge plate, so that the stable transition from the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line to the free space wave impedance is realized.
2. The broadband dual polarized feedhorn based on multi-section open sidewall according to claim 1 wherein the waveguide section comprises a straight circular waveguide from top to bottom and a circular waveguide with a decreasing radius.
3. The broadband dual polarized horn antenna based on the multi-section open type side wall according to claim 2, wherein the straight circular waveguide has a cylindrical shape with two ends opened.
4. The broadband dual polarized horn antenna based on the multi-section open type side wall according to claim 2, wherein the circular waveguide having a gradually smaller radius is closed at one end of the bottom, and the upper opening is connected with the straight circular waveguide.
5. The broadband dual polarized horn antenna based on multi-section open sidewall according to claim 1, wherein the outer corners of both sides of the bottom end of each ridge plate of the tapered reverse four ridges are chamfer angles of the same angle.
6. The broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on multi-section open type side walls according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular blocks are identical four rectangular blocks forming a cross-shaped structure, and are connected with the bottom center alignment of the cross-shaped gradual change reverse four ridges.
7. A broadband dual polarized feedhorn based on multi-section open type side wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer conductor of the feed coaxial is connected to the side wall of the feedhorn waveguide section, the inner core is used as probe, and the through hole on the outer wall of the waveguide section is short-circuited to the side surface near the bottom of the graded reverse four ridges.
8. The broadband dual-polarized horn antenna based on the multi-section open side wall according to claim 1, wherein the cross polarization discrimination of the broadband dual-polarized horn antenna in the frequency range of 2GHz-10GHz is more than 40dB.
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| US8164533B1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2012-04-24 | Lockhead Martin Corporation | Horn antenna and system for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals in multiple frequency bands |
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2022
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