CN111650366A - Method for measuring self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete - Google Patents
Method for measuring self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650366A CN111650366A CN202010696924.5A CN202010696924A CN111650366A CN 111650366 A CN111650366 A CN 111650366A CN 202010696924 A CN202010696924 A CN 202010696924A CN 111650366 A CN111650366 A CN 111650366A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume ratio of cement concrete, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises a container and a cover plate; the method comprises the following steps: coating a layer of barrier oil on the inner wall of the container and weighing; then placing the cement concrete into a container, vibrating, compacting and weighing; then adding sealing and isolating oil and weighing; adding water and weighing; and (3) converting the initial volume of the cement concrete, filling water on the upper part of the sealing and isolating oil in different ages, weighing and calculating the mass difference with the initial water, converting to obtain the volume difference of the water, namely the volume change of the cement concrete, and comparing the volume change with the initial volume of the cement concrete to obtain the self-shrinkage volume ratio of the cement concrete in different ages. The measuring method of the invention can start the measurement of the self-shrinkage volume ratio before the cement concrete is set and hardened, and has the advantages of high measuring precision, simple equipment structure and operation method and low measuring cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete.
Background
Deformation of cement concrete under no load is one of the important factors causing cracking of cement concrete structures. The deformation of the cement concrete under the non-load action is caused by chemical deformation, temperature deformation, drying shrinkage, self-shrinkage and the like. With the development of modern concrete technology, the application of high-performance cement concrete in structural engineering is more and more extensive, and one of the important technical paths for realizing the high performance of the cement concrete is to reduce the water-cement ratio, thereby causing the proportion of self-shrinkage in deformation of the cement concrete under the non-load action to be increased. The method can accurately measure the self-shrinkage of the cement concrete, and has important theoretical and engineering application significance for the research of concrete materials. The existing concrete self-shrinkage test methods mainly comprise an embedded strain gauge method, a corrugated pipe method, an optical measurement method and the like, and the measurement methods have high requirements on instruments and equipment, complex equipment and methods and higher cost, and have low or even no measurement on the self-shrinkage test precision before the cement concrete is set and hardened.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the background art, the invention provides a method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume ratio of cement concrete, which aims to solve the problems that the prior art is complex in cement concrete self-shrinkage measuring equipment and method, high in measuring cost and incapable of accurately measuring the self-shrinkage deformation of the cement concrete before setting and hardening.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete, which has the innovation points that: comprises a container and a cover plate; the upper end of the container is provided with an opening, the cover plate can completely cover the opening of the container, and the cover plate can be completely attached to the opening of the container; the method comprises the following steps:
setting the self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete at n ages to be measured; the measured environment temperature is the set test temperature and is constant;
1) calibrating the volume V of the container1The container and the cover plate are weighed together to obtain a first mass M1；
2) Uniformly smearing a layer of isolation oil on the inner wall of the container, marking the isolation oil smeared on the inner wall of the container as brushing isolation oil, and then weighing the container, the cover plate and the brushing isolation oil together to obtain a second mass M2Obtaining the volume V of the brushing isolation oil according to a formula I2；
The first formula is as follows:
wherein the rho1The density value of the insulating oil;
3) filling cement concrete into the container, vibrating the cement concrete to be compact, and then weighing the container, the cover plate, the coating isolation oil and the cement concrete together to obtain a third mass M3；
4) Adding isolation oil above the cement concrete in the container until the cement concrete is completely covered, so that the cement concrete is not contacted with air to generate material exchange, recording the isolation oil added in the step as sealing isolation oil, and then weighing the container, the cover plate, the coating isolation oil, the cement concrete and the sealing isolation oil together to obtain a fourth mass M4(ii) a Obtaining the volume V of the sealing and isolating oil according to a formula II4；
The second formula is:
5) completely covering the opening of the container with the cover plate, putting the container into water, and carrying out constant-temperature water bath, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath is the test temperature, the water surface height of the constant-temperature water bath is not lower than the liquid level height of the sealing and isolating oil, and the time of the constant-temperature water bath is at least 2 hours and is not longer than the final setting time of the cement concrete;
6) in a container as describedAdding water with the same temperature as the test temperature above the sealing and isolating oil until the container is just filled, then completely covering the opening of the container by using the cover plate, enabling the lower surface of the cover plate to be free of air bubbles, and wiping the outer surfaces of the container and the cover plate to be dry; then weighing the container, the cover plate, the brushing isolation oil, the cement concrete, the sealing isolation oil and the water together to obtain the initial total mass M5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of the water in the container according to the formula III5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of the cement concrete in the container according to the formula3；
The third formula is:
wherein the rho2Is the density value of water;
the fourth formula is:
V3＝V1-V2-V4-V5
7) sequentially measuring the 1 st to nth ages one by one according to the method I to respectively obtain the self-shrinkage volume ratios of the cement concrete in the nth ages from the 1 st to the nth;
the first method comprises the following steps:
a) filling the vessel with water at the same temperature as the test temperature;
b) completely covering the opening of the container with the cover plate, so that the lower surface of the cover plate is free from air bubbles, and wiping the outer surfaces of the container and the cover plate;
c) weighing the container, the cover plate, the brushing isolation oil, the cement concrete, the sealing isolation oil and the water together to obtain the total mass m of the ith ageiWherein i is an integer with a value range of 1 to n;
d) obtaining the self-shrinkage volume ratio k of the i-th age cement concrete according to the formulai；
The fifth formula is:
the isolation oil is insoluble in water and does not mix with water, the isolation oil does not chemically react with components in the cement concrete, and the isolation oil is liquid at the test temperature and rho1>ρ2。
For optimization, the test temperature is 20 ± 2 ℃.
Preferably, the inner cavity of the container is cylindrical, and the wall of the inner cavity of the container is smooth.
As an optimization, the radial size of the inner cavity of the container is at least 4 times of the nominal size of the coarse aggregates in the cement concrete; in the step 3), the height size of the vibrated and compacted cement concrete is at least equal to the radial size of the inner cavity of the container, and the distance between the top surface of the cement concrete and the top surface of the container is 5-8 cm; in the step 4), the thickness of the oil layer of the sealing and isolating oil is 1cm-3 cm.
Preferably, the insulating oil is chlorinated paraffin 52 or chlorinated paraffin 42.
Preferably, the container is made of glass or metal, and the cover plate is made of glass.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
according to the invention, the shrinkage volumes of the cement concrete in different ages can be obtained only by measuring the mass change of water injected into containers in different ages and converting the mass change into the volume, and the self-shrinkage volume ratios of the cement concrete in n ages from 1 to n can be obtained by comparing the shrinkage volumes with the initial volume of the cement concrete just cast. The method has simple measuring principle, the measuring method is easy to master and operate, the used equipment only comprises a container, a cover plate and an auxiliary water bath and weighing instrument, the equipment has simple structure, and the measuring material is only a small amount of oil and water, so the integral measuring cost is low; in the measuring process, the cement concrete is isolated from the inner wall of the container by brushing isolation oil, so that the constraint of the inner wall of the container on the shrinkage of the cement concrete is eliminated, the cement concrete is isolated from the external environment by adopting sealing isolation oil, the exchange of the cement concrete and the external substance is avoided, and meanwhile, the water bath constant temperature is adopted, so that the influence of the temperature on the deformation of the cement concrete is eliminated, and the measuring precision is effectively improved by the measures; the method does not depend on measuring instruments such as a strain gauge and the like in the prior art for measuring (the strain gauge cannot be deformed synchronously with the cement concrete when the early cement concrete has insufficient strength), so that the measurement can be started from the initial setting stage of the cement concrete, the self-shrinkage volume rate data before and after the whole hardening of the cement concrete can be more comprehensively obtained, and the measurement precision of the self-shrinkage volume rate of the cement concrete is further improved; meanwhile, the number of measuring instruments is small (only a weighing instrument is needed in the invention), and the influence of system errors on measurement is reduced, thereby being more beneficial to improving the measurement precision.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the measuring method of the invention can start the measurement of the self-shrinkage volume ratio before the cement concrete is set and hardened, and has the advantages of high measuring precision, simple equipment structure and operation method and low measuring cost.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a container; 2. a cover plate; 3. cement concrete; 4. brushing isolation oil; 5. sealing and isolating oil; 6. and (3) water.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the hardware according to the present invention comprises a container 1 and a cover 2; the container 1 used in the present embodiment is made of glass, or may be made of metal; the cover plate 2 is made of glass, can also be made of other materials capable of sealing the container 1, is preferably made of transparent materials, and is convenient for observing the filling liquid in the subsequent steps; in this embodiment, the inner cavity of the container 1 is cylindrical, and may also be in other shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped, the binding force of the cylindrical inner cavity to the cement concrete is smaller and more uniform, and in order to further reduce the binding force, the inner cavity wall of the container 1 in this embodiment is smooth; in addition, the radial size of the container 1 is at least 4 times of the nominal size of the coarse aggregates in the cement concrete 3 in each direction, so that the cement concrete 3 is more uniformly and compactly distributed after being vibrated in the container 1; the upper end of the container 1 is open, the end face of the opening is a plane, and the size of the cover plate 2 is larger than that of the opening, so that the cover plate 2 can completely cover the open end of the container 1, and the cover plate 2 can completely attach to the opening of the container 1, so that the cover plate 2 can seal the opening of the container 1; the method comprises the following steps:
setting the self-shrinkage volume rate of n age stages of the cement concrete 3 to be measured, wherein the number n of the age stages and the duration of a single age stage can be set according to the experimental requirements; the measured environment temperature is a set test temperature and is constant, the test temperature in the embodiment is 20 +/-2 ℃, and other test temperatures can be set according to test requirements;
1) calibrating the volume V of the container 11The container 1 and the cover 2 are weighed together to obtain a first mass M1；
2) Uniformly coating a layer of isolation oil on the inner wall of the container 1, marking the isolation oil coated on the inner wall of the container as coating isolation oil 4, and then weighing the container 1, the cover plate 2 and the coating isolation oil 4 together to obtain a second mass M2Obtaining the volume V of the brushing isolation oil 4 according to a formula I2；
The first formula is as follows:
wherein the rho1To isolate the density value of the oil, the density value can be obtained according to the existing data or methods;
the restriction of the inner cavity wall of the container 1 on the shrinkage of the cement concrete 3 can be eliminated by coating the isolation oil on the inner wall of the container 1, so that the shrinkage volume of the container is not influenced by the inner cavity wall of the container 1, and the measurement precision is improved.
3) Placing the cement concrete 3 into the container 1, vibrating the cement concrete 3 to compact, wherein the height dimension of the cement concrete 3 after vibrating compaction is at least equal to the radial dimension of the inner cavity of the container 1, which is also for ensuring that the cement concrete 3 is in the height directionThe size of the coarse aggregate in the cement concrete 3 is more than or equal to 4 times of the nominal size of the coarse aggregate, so that the cement concrete 3 is more uniformly and compactly distributed after being vibrated in the container 1; in addition, after the cement concrete 3 is vibrated to be compact, the top surface of the cement concrete 3 is 5cm-8cm away from the top surface of the container 1, so that enough space is reserved for the sealing and isolating oil 5 and water which are filled above the cement concrete 3. Then weighing the container 1, the cover plate 2, the brushing isolation oil 4 and the cement concrete 3 together to obtain a third mass M3；
4) Adding isolation oil above the cement concrete 3 in the container 1 until the cement concrete 3 is completely covered, so that the cement concrete 3 is not contacted with air to generate material exchange, marking the isolation oil added in the step as sealing isolation oil 5, wherein the thickness of an oil layer of the injected sealing isolation oil is 1cm-3cm in the embodiment to ensure the sealing isolation effect, and then weighing the container 1, the cover plate 2, the brushing isolation oil 4, the cement concrete 3 and the sealing isolation oil 5 together to obtain a fourth mass M4; obtaining the volume V4 of the seal and isolation oil 5 according to a formula II;
the second formula is:
the isolation oil used in this embodiment is chlorinated paraffin 52, and other oils such as chlorinated paraffin 42 may also be used, provided that the isolation oil is liquid at the test temperature, and further, the isolation oil needs to have good stability and not to be changed in quality under the action of light, oxygen, water, heat, alkali, etc., and the isolation oil does not chemically react with the components in the cement concrete 3, so that the isolation oil can block the exchange of the cement concrete 3 with the outside; the density of the isolation oil is greater than that of water, so that after the upper part of the container 1 is filled with water, the sealing isolation oil 5 is always positioned between the cement concrete 3 and the water 6, and the density of the water is usually 1g/cm3And the density of the chlorinated paraffin 52 is 1.23-1.27g/cm3The density of the chlorinated paraffin 42 is 1.13-1.18g/cm3The test requirements are met; meanwhile, the isolation oil is required to be insoluble in water and not to be mixed with water, so that the isolation oil can play an isolation role; since the barrier oil is liquid at the test temperatureThe sealing and isolating oil 5 and the cement concrete 3 can synchronously settle when the volume of the cement concrete 3 is reduced due to self-contraction;
5) completely covering the opening of the container 1 with the cover plate 2, putting the container 1 into water to carry out thermostatic waterbath, wherein the temperature of the thermostatic waterbath is the test temperature, the water surface height of the thermostatic waterbath is not lower than the liquid level height of the sealing and isolating oil 5, and the time of the thermostatic waterbath is at least 2 hours and is not longer than the final setting time of cement concrete;
6) adding water 6 with the same temperature as the test temperature above the sealing and isolating oil 5 in the container 1 until the container is just filled, then completely covering the opening of the container 1 by the cover plate 2, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, in operation, the cover plate 2 can be pushed horizontally along the edge of the opening of the container 1 until the cover plate 2 completely covers the opening of the container 1, so that the lower surface of the cover plate 2 is free from air bubbles to avoid errors caused by the air bubbles on measurement, and then wiping off the water on the outer surfaces of the container 1 and the cover plate 2 to avoid the interference of the external residual water on the measurement.
Then weighing the container 1, the cover plate 2, the brushing isolation oil 4, the cement concrete 3, the sealing isolation oil 5 and the water 6 together to obtain the initial total mass M5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of water in the container 1 according to the formula III5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of the cement concrete 3 in the container 1 according to the formula3；
The third formula is:
wherein the rho2Is the density value of water 6;
the fourth formula is:
V3＝V1-V2-V4-V5
7) sequentially measuring the 1 st to nth ages one by one according to the method I to respectively obtain the self-shrinkage volume ratios of the cement concrete 3 from the 1 st to nth ages;
the first method comprises the following steps:
a) just filling the container 1 with water 6 at the same temperature as the test temperature;
b) completely covering the opening of the container 1 with the cover plate 2, so that the lower surface of the cover plate 2 is free from air bubbles, and wiping the outer surfaces of the container and the cover plate; the operation method of this step is the same as the related operation method of step 6);
c) weighing the container 1, the cover plate 2, the brushing isolation oil 4, the cement concrete 3, the sealing isolation oil 5 and the water 6 together to obtain the total mass m of the ith ageiWherein i is an integer with a value range of 1 to n;
d) obtaining the self-shrinkage volume ratio k of the i-th age cement concrete 3 according to the formulai；
The fifth formula is:
the method can start to measure the self-shrinkage volume rate of the cement concrete when the cement concrete is poured and molded and the water bath reaches the test temperature, so that the self-shrinkage volume rate of the cement concrete before setting and hardening can be completely and accurately obtained.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete is characterized in that: comprises a container and a cover plate; the upper end of the container is provided with an opening, the cover plate can completely cover the opening of the container, and the cover plate can be completely attached to the opening of the container; the method comprises the following steps:
setting the self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete at n ages to be measured; the measured environment temperature is the set test temperature and is constant;
1) calibrating the volume V of the container1The container and the cover plate are weighed together to obtain a first mass M1；
2) Uniformly smearing a layer of isolation oil on the inner wall of the container, marking the isolation oil smeared on the inner wall of the container as brushing isolation oil, and then weighing the container, the cover plate and the brushing isolation oil together to obtain a second substanceQuantity M2Obtaining the volume V of the brushing isolation oil according to a formula I2；
The first formula is as follows:
wherein the rho1The density value of the insulating oil;
3) filling cement concrete into the container, vibrating the cement concrete to be compact, and then weighing the container, the cover plate, the coating isolation oil and the cement concrete together to obtain a third mass M3；
4) Adding isolation oil above the cement concrete in the container until the cement concrete is completely covered, so that the cement concrete is not contacted with air to generate material exchange, recording the isolation oil added in the step as sealing isolation oil, and then weighing the container, the cover plate, the coating isolation oil, the cement concrete and the sealing isolation oil together to obtain a fourth mass M4(ii) a Obtaining the volume V of the sealing and isolating oil according to a formula II4；
The second formula is:
5) completely covering the opening of the container with the cover plate, putting the container into water, and carrying out constant-temperature water bath, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath is the test temperature, the water surface height of the constant-temperature water bath is not lower than the liquid level height of the sealing and isolating oil, and the time of the constant-temperature water bath is at least 2 hours and is not longer than the final setting time of the cement concrete;
6) adding water with the same temperature as the test temperature above the sealing and isolating oil in the container until the container is just filled, then completely covering the opening of the container by using the cover plate, enabling the lower surface of the cover plate to be free of air bubbles, and wiping the outer surfaces of the container and the cover plate to be dry; then weighing the container, the cover plate, the brushing isolation oil, the cement concrete, the sealing isolation oil and the water together to obtain the initial total mass M5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of the water in the container according to the formula III5(ii) a Obtaining the initial volume V of the cement concrete in the container according to the formula3；
The third formula is:
wherein the rho2Is the density value of water;
the fourth formula is:
V3＝V1-V2-V4-V5
7) sequentially measuring the 1 st to nth ages one by one according to the method I to respectively obtain the self-shrinkage volume ratios of the cement concrete in the nth ages from the 1 st to the nth;
the first method comprises the following steps:
a) filling the vessel with water at the same temperature as the test temperature;
b) completely covering the opening of the container with the cover plate, so that the lower surface of the cover plate is free from air bubbles, and wiping the outer surfaces of the container and the cover plate;
c) weighing the container, the cover plate, the brushing isolation oil, the cement concrete, the sealing isolation oil and the water together to obtain the total mass m of the ith ageiWherein i is an integer with a value range of 1 to n;
d) obtaining the self-shrinkage volume ratio k of the i-th age cement concrete according to the formulai；
The fifth formula is:
the isolation oil is insoluble in water and does not mix with water, the isolation oil does not chemically react with components in the cement concrete, and the isolation oil is liquid at the test temperature and rho1>ρ2。
2. The method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the test temperature was 20 ± 2 ℃.
3. The method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the inner cavity of the container is cylindrical, and the wall of the inner cavity of the container is smooth.
4. A method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the radial size of the inner cavity of the container is at least 4 times of the nominal size of the coarse aggregates in the cement concrete; in the step 3), the height size of the vibrated and compacted cement concrete is at least equal to the radial size of the inner cavity of the container, and the distance between the top surface of the cement concrete and the top surface of the container is 5-8 cm; in the step 4), the thickness of the oil layer of the sealing and isolating oil is 1cm-3 cm.
5. A method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the isolation oil is chlorinated paraffin 52 or chlorinated paraffin 42.
6. A method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the container is made of glass or metal, and the cover plate is made of glass.
7. The method for measuring the self-shrinkage volume fraction of cement concrete according to claim 4, wherein: the container is made of glass or metal, and the cover plate is made of glass.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112710815A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-27 | 重庆交通大学 | Concrete carbonization degree evaluation method and device |
| CN113029847A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-25 | 民航机场规划设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for detecting solid volume rate of filling body |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |