CN109212171A - Architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device and method - Google Patents
Architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109212171A CN109212171A CN201811376864.8A CN201811376864A CN109212171A CN 109212171 A CN109212171 A CN 109212171A CN 201811376864 A CN201811376864 A CN 201811376864A CN 109212171 A CN109212171 A CN 109212171A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000569 greater omentum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Concrete used in present construction can occur self-constriction phenomenon to concrete during design strength from solidification is poured into, lead to the reduction of its volume, to cause safe mass hidden danger to building engineering structure.The present invention designs a kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device for measuring its rate of self-contraction, and concrete is poured into device, the change of device inner engine oil volume is caused by the self-constriction of concrete, so that it is determined that the rate of self-contraction of concrete.Multiple groups by carrying out identical concrete are tested and the multiple groups of different labels concrete test the rate of self-contraction for obtaining concrete, it follows that the self-constriction characteristic of concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measuring devices of building engineering field, specifically the measurement dress of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate
It sets and method.
Background technique
Our times is in engineering construction peak period, and the consumption of building concrete is increasing, and concrete has can
Mould is good, good integrity, durability is good, fire resistance is good, is easy to the advantages that gathering materials on the spot, but concrete have tensile strength it is lower,
The disadvantages of crack resistance is poor, property is crisp.The advantages of considering concrete with people and by its it is a large amount of use, but ignore its disadvantage institute
Caused by accident and hazardous events happen occasionally, the safe mass accident due to caused by the self-constriction phenomenon of concrete allows people
Start that concrete self-shrinkage phenomenon is carried out to study to become especially to pay attention to.If not solving this in the engineering construction in future to ask
Topic, the safety and quality problems of that following engineering construction will have no way of ensureing.Therefore, to by concrete in self-constriction characteristic and its
Research in terms of cracking resistance causes global concern.
The self-constriction phenomenon of concrete refers under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity, due to the continuous aquation and mineral admixture of cement
Secondary reaction of hydration inside concrete generate a series of complex physics, chemistry and mechanical change, so that concrete be made to exist
A kind of the phenomenon that volume-diminished macroscopically showed.The existing concrete self-shrinkage research achievement in China specifically includes that (1)
It is embedded to strain gauge method: although the method precision of embedment strain gauge is higher, when early concrete there is no sufficient intensity, strain gauge
It can not be deformed with concrete synchronous, and high-strength concrete exactly generates very big self-constriction at this time, can not accurately measure concrete
Early-age shrinkage often makes measured shrinkage value less than normal；(2) capacitance micrometer method；(3) stage concrete self-shrinkage test
Method；(4) iS-One self-constriction method of testing: if measurement age extends, measurement test specimen quantity increases, the device quantity needed increases
Add, and equipment occupation space increases, test can not achieve automatic control and automatic data acquisition processing, therefore entirely test process
It can become more cumbersome；(5) non-contact induction type self-constriction measurement method etc..Above method all has respective advantage, can
Complete measurement to concrete self-shrinkage amount well, but above-mentioned every kind of research invention all exist its need to improve with it is faulty
Place.
Concrete self-shrinkage measuring device install convenient of the present invention, air-tightness is good, device is used multiple times, measures operation letter
Folk prescription just, since the measurement liquid machine oil used does not react with concrete, so measurement accuracy is higher, therefore for this device
Research and development it is necessary.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device and methods, and the apparatus structure is simply, conveniently
Assembling, cost is relatively low, test operation is easy, and it can be used repeatedly.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
A kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device, including metal lower bolster, metal lower bolster quadrangle
It is reserved with bolt hole；Placing toughened glass lower bolster on the metal lower bolster places tempering on the tempered glass lower bolster
Glass body chamber is simultaneously connected by metal buckle；Metal top cover plate, the metal top cover are placed on the tempered glass main cavity
Plate surrounding is reserved with bolt hole, its center is reserved with consent, rubber stopper is installed in the consent, the rubber stopper center is inserted with quarter
Spend glass tube；It is connected between the metal lower bolster and metal top cover plate by bolt draw bar.
A kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measurement method, includes the following steps:
(1), by metal lower bolster as horizontal support surface, tempered glass lower bolster is embedded in rubber gasket, then with steel
Change the assembling of glass body cavity segment；
(2), oil is coated in tempered glass main body inner cavity surface, guarantees going on smoothly for subsequent demoulding；The coagulation that will be made
Soil pours into tempered glass main cavity, it is desirable that remaining volume is less than the 5% of its total volume in tempered glass main cavity, and vibrates
It is closely knit to guarantee the smooth of concrete surface；
(3), in tempered glass main cavity upper limb embedding sealing rubber washer and center and surrounding are covered there are preformed holes
Metal top cover plate；
(4), glass tube with a scale and rubber stopper are assembled, and is installed in the center preformed hole of metal top cover plate
It is interior；
(5), the bolt draw bar between metal lower bolster and metal top cover plate is tightened, is added by glass tube into device
Machine oil and guarantees that machine oil is completely filled with inside device, writes down the reading h of glass tube at this time to certain graduation mark of glass tube1；
(6), the reading h after concrete setting to design strength, on re-reading glass tube2；Thus it calculates in this time
This time test measures concrete self-shrinkage rate；Rate of self-contraction p=(Vt/V0) * 100%, wherein V0It is the volume of former concrete, Vt
It is the volume of concrete reduction after self-constriction after a period of time, value Vt=π * r2(h1-h2), r is the internal diameter of glass tube, h1It is
The position plane of initial machine oil, h in glass tube2It is the position plane of machine oil in glass tube after concrete self-shrinkage；
(7), test of many times is carried out, and is tested using the concrete of different labels, it follows that different concrete
Rate of self-contraction.
The present invention designs a kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device for measuring its rate of self-contraction, by coagulation
Soil pours into device, and the change of device inner engine oil volume is caused by the self-constriction of concrete, so that it is determined that concrete is received certainly
Shrinkage.By carry out identical concrete multiple groups test and different labels concrete multiple groups test obtain concrete from
Shrinking percentage, it follows that the self-constriction characteristic of concrete.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the side views of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 indicates the perspective view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 indicates the self-constriction performance diagram of different concrete.
In figure, 1- metal lower bolster, 2- metal top cover plate, 3- tempered glass lower bolster, 4- tempered glass main cavity, 5- gold
Belong to buckle, 6- consent, 7- rubber stopper, 8- graduated glass pipe, 9- bolt draw bar, 10- rubber seal.
Specific embodiment
The present apparatus is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing, and the specific embodiment of the present apparatus is illustrated by specific example.
As shown in Figure 1, including metal lower bolster 1 and placed on it in concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device of the present invention
Tempered glass lower bolster 3, on tempered glass lower bolster 3 with metal buckle 5, on tempered glass lower bolster 3 open channels with
It is embedded in rubber washer 10, tempered glass main cavity 4, metal top cover plate 2, rubber washer 10, graduated glass pipe 8, bolt draw bar 9.
Metal lower bolster: it is in for bearing the load of whole device, metal top cover plate holding meanss being bolted
Horizontality.Metal lower bolster need to have high-intensitive, enough thickness with guarantee to sustain the load of device and guarantee its
The progress of test is not influenced during test.
High-strength armoured-glass body cavity structure: this part is one by tempered glass lower bolster and tempered glass main body
The cavity body structure that cavity portion is grouped as is needed with rubber ring seal between lower bolster and intermediate host chamber with coagulation when guarantee test
Spillage phenomenon does not occur for soil.It is attached between lower bolster and intermediate host with metal buckle, metal buckle is in each side
Face arranges two, and the leakproofness of device is further ensured that with this.
Metal top cover plate: material, specification are identical with metal lower bolster, and have bolt box in four corners fractionation
The heart has preformed hole.Whole device after the installation is completed, by bolt draw bar connect lower bolster device fixing seal is good.
Graduated glass pipe: tight with metal top cover plate together after being assembled on glass tube with accurate scale and rubber stopper
Close connection.
Specific connection relationship is as shown in Fig. 2, architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device, including metal lower bolster 1,
1 four jiaos of metal lower bolster are reserved with bolt hole；Placing toughened glass lower bolster 3 on metal lower bolster 1, tempered glass lower bolster 3
Upper placing toughened glass main cavity 4 is simultaneously connected by metal buckle 5；Metal top cover plate 2, gold are placed on tempered glass main cavity 4
2 surrounding of upper cover plate is reserved with bolt hole to category, its center is reserved with consent 6, and rubber stopper 7 is installed in consent 6, and 7 center of rubber stopper is inserted
There is graduated glass pipe 8；It is connected between metal lower bolster 1 and metal top cover plate 2 by bolt draw bar 9.
In present example, upper and lower metal caul is all made of high strength steel, and thickness of steel product should meet finder charge requirement.
In present example, tempered glass main cavity device is all made of high-strength armoured-glass, and tempered glass thickness is both needed to
Meet proof strength.
In present example, the rubber washer between tempered glass lower bolster and tempered glass main cavity is all made of leakproofness
It can good, conformability strong rubber material.
In present example, graduated glass pipe should be completely embedded with rubber stopper, and glass tube scale should be accurate enough, guarantee examination
The air-tightness and measuring accuracy of device during testing.
In present example, experimental rig should smear one layer of oil in device for tempering glass products inner surface before pouring into concrete,
With concrete any react cannot occur for oil.
In present example, metal buckle release when crab bolt is tightened above and below metal avoids damaging after bolt is tightened
Metal buckle and device for tempering glass products.
In present example, the machine oil for measuring concrete self-shrinkage rate should use machine oil using automobile.
In present example, the amount of concrete in device is greater than the 95% of device volume.
In present example, concrete self-shrinkage rate p=(V measured by devicet/V0) * 100%, wherein V0It is former coagulation
The volume of soil, VtIt is the volume of concrete reduction after self-constriction after a period of time, value Vt=π * r2(h1-h2), r is glass tube
Internal diameter, h1It is the position plane of initial machine oil in glass tube, h2Be machine oil in glass tube after concrete self-shrinkage position it is flat
Face.
When it is implemented, being embedded in rubber weather strip in lower edge institute open channels on the side panel of tempered glass main cavity；It will
Tempered glass lower bolster merges fastening metal buckle with main cavity installation group；Upper one layer is smeared in tempered glass main body inner cavity surface
Machine oil；The concrete being stirred loading container is vibrated molding, viscous wall part is struck off using trowel is scraped, makes concrete after molding
Volume is 95% or so (i.e. concrete flat upper surface and the corresponding scale on tempered glass main cavity side panel of vessel volume
Concordantly)；The tempered glass container for filling concrete is placed on metal lower bolster；Rubber is embedded in tempered glass upper edge of the container
Washer, and metal top cover plate is mounted on tempered glass container；In the corresponding end preformed hole of upper and lower metal caul respectively
Four pull rods are penetrated, and are fastened by nut；Machine oil is poured into container until pasta by the middle part preformed hole of metal upper padding plate
Until concordant with preformed hole；It fits together rubber cork and with graduated glass tube and is installed in the middle part of metal top cover plate
In preformed hole, and guarantee that the two is tightly connected, guarantees glass tube lower end and container interior oil face contact, continued using dropper to glass
Machine oil is added for glass pipe until glass tube pasta reaches assigned scale position；Scale when accurate record initially pours into machine oil is read
Number.For a period of time to concrete self-shrinkage, scale glass tube is read when accurately recording this.Thus this section of time inner concrete is calculated
Rate of self-contraction.By carrying out multiple groups test to the same test specimen volume of obstructed concrete, the rate of self-contraction of concrete is obtained, and draw
The concrete self-shrinkage performance diagram is made, specific embodiment is as follows.
Embodiment 1
The self-constriction of C35 normal concrete measures, and includes the following steps:
The tempered glass lower bolster of device and tempered glass main cavity are assembled and are filled with water standing ten minutes with verifying attachment
Leakproofness, be designed the mixing for the normal concrete that intensity is C35, the slump is 180mm during this period and stir evenly；
Water in device is poured out set it is dry after in the device surface apply and spread one layer of oil；Mixed concrete is poured into device, and is being shaken
Residual volume is less than the 5% of total volume after vibration compacting on dynamic platform, then places it on metal lower bolster；In tempered glass master
Metal top cover plate is covered after body cavity upper limb insertion rubber washer and tightens bolt draw bar；It is inserted into graduated glass Guan Bingxiang device and adds
Enter a certain amount of machine oil, while preparing such 5 groups of number of test specimen group, device is placed under standard environment and carries out maintenance observation, accurately
Reading the reading on every at this time group of test specimen glass tube is h1；It is read after time 7d, 28d, 56d, 90d on every group of glass tube
Reading is h2、h3、h4、h5, every group of test specimen thus can be calculated in the self-constriction amount p of 7d, 28d, 56d, 90d inner concrete1、p2、p3、
p4；Thus final self-constriction amount average value p=3.85 × 10 of C35 normal concrete are calculated-4, and according to calculated before flat
Point depict the concrete self-constriction performance diagram it is as shown in Figure 3
Embodiment 2
The self-constriction of regeneration concrete measures, and includes the following steps:
The tempered glass lower bolster of device and tempered glass main cavity are assembled and are filled with water standing ten minutes with verifying attachment
Leakproofness, be designed the mixing for the regeneration concrete that intensity is C35, the slump is 180mm during this period and stir evenly；
Water in device is poured out set it is dry after in the device surface apply and spread one layer of oil；Mixed concrete is poured into device, and is being shaken
Volume and 1 Plays C35 normal concrete assay volume of embodiment on dynamic platform after vibration compacting is equal, then places it in metal
On lower bolster；Metal top cover plate is covered after tempered glass main cavity upper limb is embedded in rubber washer and tightens bolt draw bar；It inserts
Enter and a certain amount of machine oil is added in graduated glass Guan Bingxiang device, while preparing such 5 groups of number of test specimen group, device is placed in standard
Maintenance observation is carried out under environment, accurately reading the reading on every at this time group of test specimen glass tube is l1；By time 7d, 28d, 56d,
It is l that the reading on every group of glass tube is read after 90d2、l3、l4、l5, every group of test specimen thus can be calculated in 7d, 28d, 56d, 90d
The self-constriction amount u of concrete1、u2、u3、u4；Thus calculate C35 regeneration concrete final self-constriction amount average value u=4.57 ×
10-4, and it is as shown in Figure 3 according to the self-constriction performance diagram that equalization point calculated before depicts the concrete.
Embodiment 3
The self-constriction of lightweight aggregate concrete measures, and includes the following steps:
The tempered glass lower bolster of device and tempered glass main cavity are assembled and are filled with water standing ten minutes with verifying attachment
Leakproofness, be designed the mixing for the regeneration concrete that intensity is C35, the slump is 180mm during this period and stir evenly；
Water in device is poured out set it is dry after in the device surface apply and spread one layer of oil；Mixed concrete is poured into device, and is being shaken
Volume and 1 Plays C35 normal concrete assay volume of embodiment on dynamic platform after vibration compacting is equal, then places it in metal
On lower bolster；Metal top cover plate is covered after tempered glass main cavity upper limb is embedded in rubber washer and tightens bolt draw bar；It inserts
Enter and a certain amount of machine oil is added in graduated glass Guan Bingxiang device, while preparing such 5 groups of number of test specimen group, device is placed in standard
Maintenance observation is carried out under environment, accurately reading the reading on every at this time group of test specimen glass tube is k1；By time 7d, 28d, 56d,
It is k that the reading on every group of glass tube is read after 90d2、k3、k4、k5, every group of test specimen thus can be calculated in 7d, 28d, 56d, 90d
The self-constriction amount u of concrete1、u2、u3、u4；Thus calculate lightweight aggregate concrete final self-constriction amount average value v=3.29 ×
10-4, and it is as shown in Figure 3 according to the self-constriction performance diagram that equalization point calculated before depicts lightweight aggregate concrete.
It should be pointed out that for the those skilled in the art of the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention,
Several improvement and application can also be made, these are improved and application is also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measuring device, it is characterised in that: including metal lower bolster (1), the gold
Subordinate's backing plate (1) quadrangle is reserved with bolt hole；Placing toughened glass lower bolster (3) on the metal lower bolster (1), the tempering
On glass lower bolster (3) placing toughened glass main cavity (4) and by metal buckle (5) connect；The tempered glass main cavity
(4) metal top cover plate (2) are placed on, metal top cover plate (2) surrounding is reserved with bolt hole, its center is reserved with consent (6),
Rubber stopper (7) are installed in the consent (6), rubber stopper (7) center is inserted with graduated glass pipe (8)；The metal lower bolster
(1) it is connected between metal top cover plate (2) by bolt draw bar (9).
2. a kind of architectural engineering concrete self-shrinkage rate measurement method, characterized by the following steps:
(1), by metal lower bolster as horizontal support surface, tempered glass lower bolster is embedded in rubber gasket, then with tempering glass
The assembling of glass main body cavity segment；
(2), oil is coated in tempered glass main body inner cavity surface, guarantees going on smoothly for subsequent demoulding；The concrete made is fallen
Enter in tempered glass main cavity, it is desirable that remaining volume is less than the 5% of its total volume, and vibration compacting in tempered glass main cavity
Guarantee the smooth of concrete surface；
(3), in tempered glass main cavity upper limb embedding sealing rubber washer and center and surrounding are covered there are the metals of preformed hole
Upper cover plate；
(4), glass tube with a scale and rubber stopper are assembled, and are installed in the center preformed hole of metal top cover plate；
(5), the bolt draw bar between metal lower bolster and metal top cover plate is tightened, machine oil is added into device by glass tube
To certain graduation mark of glass tube, and guarantee that machine oil is completely filled with inside device, writes down the reading h of glass tube at this time1；
(6), the reading h after concrete setting to design strength, on re-reading glass tube2；Thus it calculates in this time and this time tries
Test obtains concrete self-shrinkage rate；Rate of self-contraction p=(Vt/V0) * 100%, wherein V0It is the volume of former concrete, VtIt is coagulation
The volume of soil reduction after self-constriction after a period of time, value Vt=π * r2(h1-h2), r is the internal diameter of glass tube, h1It is glass tube
In initial machine oil position plane, h2It is the position plane of machine oil in glass tube after concrete self-shrinkage；
(7), test of many times is carried out, and is tested using the concrete of different labels, it follows that different concrete are received certainly
Shrinkage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110006329A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | The unstressed meter test device of waterproof and installation method inside large volume low-heat concrete |
| CN110411887A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-05 | 诸暨高宗自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of self-constriction test macro of cement-based material |
| CN111323567A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-23 | 同济大学 | Cement paste chemical shrinkage testing device and application thereof |
| CN111650366A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Method for measuring self-shrinkage volume rate of cement concrete |
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| CN101319927A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2008-12-10 | 中交第一公路工程局有限公司 | Apparatus for automatically and continuously recording early volume change of concrete, and measuring method thereof |
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| CN106352819A (en) * | 2016-08-13 | 2017-01-25 | 赵东旭 | Device for measuring self-shrinkage of cement concrete for construction engineering |
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