CN111646814A - Manufacturing method of C/C grid of ion thruster - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of C/C grid of ion thruster Download PDFInfo
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
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- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a C/C grid of an ion thruster, which is characterized in that carbon fiber bundles are respectively used for weaving grid carbon cloth with grid holes, which meets the requirements of respective size parameters, namely an acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and a screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body; carbonizing the acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and the screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body; finally, respectively depositing carbon matrixes in the carbonized acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body to prepare an effectively densified carbon/carbon composite acceleration grid and a carbon/carbon composite screen grid; the carbon/carbon composite accelerating grid and the carbon/carbon composite screen grid are prepared by the method, so that a large amount of carbon fiber truncation caused by opening holes in the traditional carbon grid component can be avoided, the structural strength of the C/C grid is improved, the use requirements of ion thrusters in different places are met, and the processing difficulty of the carbon grid component, particularly the screen grid, is also reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ion thruster, in particular to a manufacturing method of a C/C grid of the ion thruster.
Background
Since molybdenum metal still has high strength at 1200 ℃, and its specific strength (strength/density) is large, many grid assemblies of existing ion implanters use molybdenum metal grids. The ion thruster is used for leading out and accelerating ions to generate thrust, the grid is easy to be subjected to ion sputtering bombardment when the ions are accelerated, ions generated at the downstream of the accelerating grid by the ion thruster can sputter and etch the surface of the accelerating grid, deep grooves or deep pits are formed around the small holes, the diameter of the small holes of the accelerating grid is enlarged, and the electronic backflow cannot be effectively prevented, so that the working fault of the ion thruster is caused, and the ion thruster is also a decisive factor for limiting the service life of the screen and the accelerating grid. The metal molybdenum grid has higher sputtering rate to xenon ions and can not meet the requirement of the service life of the propeller for more than ten thousand hours. Moreover, the plasma of the discharge chamber of the ion thruster emits a large amount of heat in the ionization and acceleration processes, the heat affects the thin grid, and due to the fact that the heat is unevenly distributed, thermal deformation and thermal stress are easy to generate, the molybdenum grid expands when being heated, mesh axes are deflected, even contact short circuit between the acceleration grid and the screen grid is caused, and the grid assembly fails. To reduce the effect of thermal expansion, molybdenum grids have to be made slightly concave, but this makes the grid difficult to process and has low mesh alignment, which is especially problematic for large diameter grid assemblies.
In order to solve the problems of the molybdenum grid, a carbon (C) grid is also used in the ion thruster at present instead of the molybdenum grid. Compared with molybdenum grid electrodes, the material has the characteristics of small thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, low ion sputtering rate, low density and the like, and is an ideal material for manufacturing the grid electrodes of the ion thrusters. However, since the carbon grid is a thin-wall porous structure, the carbon grid is basically processed in a mechanical opening mode at present, which can cause a great amount of carbon fibers to be cut off, and greatly reduces the structural strength of the grid. The use of ion thrusters, particularly large diameter thrusters, in space poses serious problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a C/C grid of an ion thruster, which can avoid a great amount of carbon fibers from being cut off due to holes and improve the structural strength of the C/C grid.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a manufacturing method of a C/C grid of an ion thruster comprises the following specific steps:
(1) respectively weaving mesh carbon cloth with grid holes, namely an acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and a screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body, which meet the requirements of respective size parameters by using carbon fiber bundles according to the requirements of the size parameters of the acceleration grid and the screen grid which are required to be manufactured;
(2) carrying out heat treatment, namely carbonization treatment, on the acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and the screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body;
(3) and respectively depositing carbon matrixes in the carbonized acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body to prepare the effectively densified carbon/carbon composite acceleration grid and the carbon/carbon composite screen grid.
Further, in the step (2), the carbonization treatment specifically comprises: the carbonization furnace is vacuumized, and then the temperature in the carbonization furnace is increased to 300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/soC, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and then increasing the temperature in the furnace to 950 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/soAnd C, preserving the heat for 2 hours, finally, cooling the temperature in the furnace to room temperature through natural cooling, and keeping the vacuum degree in the carbonization furnace unchanged in the carbonization treatment process.
Further, in the step (3), propylene is used as a carbon source precursor, and an Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration (ICVI) process is adopted to deposit a carbon substrate in the acceleration grid carbon fiber preform and the screen grid carbon fiber preform.
Further, in the step (1), the adopted weaving mold comprises a high-temperature-resistant chassis and a plurality of high-temperature-resistant positioning rods fixed on the chassis, and the size, shape and arrangement of the plurality of positioning rods are matched with the size parameters of the acceleration grid and the screen grid to be manufactured.
Furthermore, the base plate and the positioning rod are made of heat-resistant metal or ceramic.
Further, the step (1) weaves an acceleration grid carbon fiber preform and a screen grid carbon fiber preform with grid holes in a two-dimensional weaving manner, and the grid holes are regular polygons in shape, such as: a regular quadrangle, a regular hexagon, a regular triangle, etc.
Further, the cross-sectional shape of the carbon fiber bundle is a regular polygon, such as a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a flat octagon, a regular octagon, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the carbon/carbon composite accelerating grid and the carbon/carbon composite screen grid prepared by the method have the advantages that a large amount of carbon fibers can be prevented from being cut off due to the fact that the carbon grid assembly is perforated, the structural strength of the C/C grid is improved, the use requirements of ion thrusters in different places are met, and meanwhile the processing difficulty of the carbon grid assembly, particularly the screen grid, is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acceleration grid assembly of an ion thruster;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a screen assembly of an ion thruster;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an accelerating grid carbon fiber preform woven on a weaving mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber bundle for a woven acceleration grid carbon fiber preform according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen carbon fiber preform woven on a weaving mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber bundle for a woven screen carbon fiber preform according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of the braiding mold of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
In this embodiment, taking the fabrication of a 10cm ion thruster gate assembly as an example, the effective diameter of the gate, i.e. the diameter of the disk surface opening area is 110mm, the number of openings is 2255, the center-to-center distance of the gate holes is 2.2mm, and the gate holes are distributed in a hexagonal array. Wherein: the aperture of the accelerating grid 1 is 1.1mm, the thickness is 0.54mm, the aperture of the screen grid 2 is 1.95mm, and the thickness is 0.45 mm.
As shown in the figure, the manufacturing method of the ion thruster C/C grid electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) according to the size parameter requirements of the acceleration grid 1 and the screen grid 2 which are manufactured as required, the carbon fiber bundles are respectively woven on the weaving mould in a two-dimensional and three-axis weaving mode to form the grid carbon cloth with hexagonal grid holes, which meets the respective size parameter requirements, namely, the acceleration grid carbon fiber preform 3 and the screen grid carbon fiber preform 4 are shown in figures 3 and 5, wherein: the cross section of the carbon fiber bundle for weaving the acceleration grid carbon fiber preform 3 is in a flat octagonal shape, as shown in fig. 4, and the cross section of the carbon fiber bundle for weaving the screen grid carbon fiber preform 4 is in a regular octagonal shape, as shown in fig. 6;
(2) respectively carrying out carbonization treatment on the acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body 3 and the screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body 4;
(3) and respectively depositing carbon matrixes in the carbonized acceleration grid carbon fiber preform 3 and the carbonized screen grid carbon fiber preform 4 by using propylene as a carbon source precursor and adopting an Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration (ICVI) process to prepare the effectively densified carbon/carbon (C/C) composite acceleration grid and the carbon/carbon (C/C) composite screen grid.
In the above embodiment, the carbonization treatment in step (2) may be performed by the following specific method: placing the weaving mold with the acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body 3 and the screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body 4 into a carbonization furnace, vacuumizing the carbonization furnace, controlling the vacuum degree to be less than or equal to 500Pa, and then raising the temperature in the furnace to 300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/soC, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and then increasing the temperature in the furnace to 950 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/soAnd C, preserving the heat for 2 hours, finally, cooling the temperature in the furnace to room temperature through natural cooling, and keeping the vacuum degree in the carbonization furnace unchanged in the carbonization treatment process. In addition to this method, other carbonization methods in the art may also be employed.
In addition, in the above embodiment, the knitting mold used in step (1) includes a chassis 5 and a plurality of positioning rods 6 with high temperature resistance fixed on the chassis 5, the size, shape and arrangement of the plurality of positioning rods 6 are matched with the size parameters of the acceleration grid 1 and the screen grid 2 to be manufactured, and the chassis 5 and the positioning rods 6 may be made of heat-resistant metal or ceramic. In addition, in the step (1), the acceleration grid carbon fiber preform 3 and the screen grid carbon fiber preform 4 with different grid hole shapes can be woven in a two-dimensional weaving mode according to different requirements, wherein the grid holes are mainly regular polygons in shapes, such as: a regular quadrangle, a regular hexagon, a regular triangle, etc.; the cross-sectional shape of the carbon fiber bundle is mainly a regular polygon such as a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, a flattened octagon, a regular octagon, and the like. The carbon fiber bundle may be a high strength T700 carbon fiber bundle or a high model M50J carbon fiber bundle of east china, or the like.
And compounding and fixing the prepared carbon/carbon (C/C) composite accelerating grid and a peripheral substrate to obtain a carbon/carbon accelerating grid assembly, and compounding and fixing the carbon/carbon (C/C) composite screen grid and the peripheral substrate to obtain the carbon/carbon screen grid assembly.
The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any alterations, modifications, and improvements that may occur to those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A manufacturing method of a C/C grid of an ion thruster is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) respectively weaving mesh carbon cloth with grid holes, namely an acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and a screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body, which meet the requirements of respective size parameters by using carbon fiber bundles according to the requirements of the size parameters of the acceleration grid and the screen grid which are required to be manufactured;
(2) carrying out heat treatment, namely carbonization treatment, on the acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and the screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body;
(3) and respectively depositing carbon matrixes in the carbonized acceleration grid carbon fiber prefabricated body and screen grid carbon fiber prefabricated body to prepare the effectively densified carbon/carbon composite acceleration grid and the carbon/carbon composite screen grid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: in the step (2), the carbonization treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the carbonization furnace is vacuumized and then is vacuumized by 5The temperature in the furnace is raised to 300 ℃ at a rate of 300℃/soC, keeping the temperature for 5-10 min, and then increasing the temperature in the furnace to 950 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/soAnd C, preserving the heat for 2 hours, finally, cooling the temperature in the furnace to room temperature through natural cooling, and keeping the vacuum degree in the carbonization furnace unchanged in the carbonization treatment process.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: and (3) taking propylene as a carbon source precursor, and depositing a carbon substrate in the acceleration grid carbon fiber preform and the screen grid carbon fiber preform by adopting an isothermal chemical vapor infiltration process.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: in the step (1), the adopted weaving mold comprises a high-temperature-resistant chassis and a plurality of high-temperature-resistant positioning rods fixed on the chassis, and the size, the shape and the arrangement of the plurality of positioning rods are matched with the size parameters of the acceleration grid and the screen grid to be manufactured.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: the base plate and the positioning rod are made of heat-resistant metal or ceramic.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: and (2) weaving an acceleration grid carbon fiber preform and a screen grid carbon fiber preform with grid holes in a two-dimensional weaving mode, wherein the grid holes are regular polygons in shape.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a C/C grid for an ion implanter comprises: the cross section of the carbon fiber bundle is in a regular polygon shape.
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| CN202010583936.7A CN111646814A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Manufacturing method of C/C grid of ion thruster |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112795879A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-14 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Coating film storage structure of discharge chamber of ion thruster |
| CN113279930A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grid component assembly structure and assembly method of micro ion thruster |
| CN113773102A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-10 | 陕西天策新材料科技有限公司 | Flange integrated carbon/carbon screen grid structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114611251A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-10 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Ion thruster grid aperture scaling design method |
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| CN108866801A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | A kind of carbon cloth weaving method for carbon/carbon compound material grid |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112795879A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-14 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Coating film storage structure of discharge chamber of ion thruster |
| CN113279930A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grid component assembly structure and assembly method of micro ion thruster |
| CN113279930B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grid component assembly structure and assembly method of micro ion thruster |
| CN113773102A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-10 | 陕西天策新材料科技有限公司 | Flange integrated carbon/carbon screen grid structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114611251A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-10 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Ion thruster grid aperture scaling design method |
| CN114611251B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-02-27 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Method for designing aperture scaling of grid electrode of ion thruster |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |