CN111644990A - Method for polishing hard materials using a molded rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder - Google Patents
Method for polishing hard materials using a molded rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111644990A CN111644990A CN202010474286.2A CN202010474286A CN111644990A CN 111644990 A CN111644990 A CN 111644990A CN 202010474286 A CN202010474286 A CN 202010474286A CN 111644990 A CN111644990 A CN 111644990A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
- B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for polishing hard materials using a molded rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder. The precision and ultra-precision processing and manufacturing of the surfaces of various hard materials are difficult at present, the precision is inconsistent, and the gloss retention time is short. According to the invention, wood fiber powder and bamboo fiber are soaked in nano water-soluble emulsion and then pressed into a mold pressing rod polishing tool, and the mold pressing rod polishing tool is used for polishing a workpiece to be processed, which is arranged on an electric spindle of a machine tool. The die pressing rod polishing tool disclosed by the invention contains the solution and the nano particles simultaneously, so that the toughness and the wear resistance of the die pressing rod polishing tool are improved, the processing performance of the die pressing forming die pressing rod polishing tool is improved, the processing efficiency and the surface smoothness of a workpiece are improved, the surface of the workpiece is protected, the workpiece cannot be damaged, the gloss retention time is long, and the die pressing rod polishing tool is suitable for precision and ultra-precision processing and complex part processing; the die pressing rod polishing tool is convenient to manufacture and low in manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing and manufacturing of material surfaces, and particularly relates to a method for polishing a hard material by using a mold pressing rod pressed by wood fiber wetting powder.
Background
Polishing is a processing method for obtaining a bright and flat surface by reducing the roughness of the surface of a workpiece by mechanical, chemical or electrochemical actions. Polishing is mainly classified into mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, electrochemical polishing, and the like. In mechanical polishing, a polishing tool and abrasive particles or other polishing media are usually adopted to modify the surface of a workpiece, but the finish of the processed surface is not high, complex parts cannot be processed, and meanwhile, the abrasive has high hardness and is easy to cause fine damage to the surface of the workpiece; chemical polishing is a method for eliminating grinding marks and etching and leveling by means of selective dissolution of uneven areas on the surface of a sample by means of chemical etching of chemical reagents, but the used chemical solution has certain harm to the environment, and the solution is difficult to adjust and regenerate and limited in application. The electrochemical polishing takes a polished workpiece as an anode and insoluble metal as a cathode, the two electrodes are simultaneously immersed into an electrolytic bath, and direct current is applied to generate selective anode dissolution, so that the effect of increasing the surface brightness of the workpiece is achieved, but the method has complex process and extremely high cost. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a polishing method which is environmentally friendly, has high processing precision and simple process, aiming at the problems of environmental friendliness, processing precision, complex process and the like of the polishing process.
At present, there is no method and apparatus for polishing hard materials using wet wood as a tool in the related art, for example, a patent application No. 201810587750.1 (application publication No. 108714832A, application publication No. 2018, 10 months and 30 days) discloses a polishing machine, including: a frame; a polishing disk positioned on the frame; the driving mechanism is used for controlling the operation of the polishing disk and comprises a first driving rod and a driving motor, and the first driving rod is connected with the polishing disk; the polishing disc is characterized in that a plurality of arc-shaped grooves which are the same in size and are centrosymmetric and communicating grooves which are communicated with the arc-shaped grooves are uniformly formed in the polishing surface of the polishing disc, and the center of the polishing surface of the polishing disc is the symmetric center of the arc-shaped grooves. The polishing machine is characterized in that the snake-shaped arc-shaped grooves are communicated with each other through the arc-shaped communication groove in the polishing process. No matter the polishing disc moves along with the left and right swing arms or moves circularly along with the polishing machine, the polishing liquid can periodically swing along with the polishing machine, so that the polishing liquid is uniformly dispersed in the arc-shaped groove as far as possible, the surface of a product to be polished can uniformly receive the polishing liquid, and the surface of the product to be polished is polished to be flat. The polishing disc is simple in mechanism and convenient to use, and the polishing liquid is stored in the unique arc-shaped groove to polish the workpiece, but the plane structure of the polishing disc can only process simple plane parts, and cannot process parts with complex planes. The patent with the application patent number of 201710722593.6 (the publication number of CN 107398783B, publication date of 2019, 5 and 21) discloses a method and a device for processing the nano-scale morphology on the surface of a metal material. Aiming at the material of a metal workpiece to be processed, cutters made of different materials are selected; adjusting the vibration frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration device according to the preset range of the number of molecules or atoms of the cutter in the preset nano-scale morphology obtained on the metal workpiece; the clamping cylinder drives the clamp to clamp the metal workpiece to be processed; the XY driving table positions the initial machining position of the metal workpiece right below the cutter; starting the ultrasonic vibration device to slightly vibrate the cutter before processing; and the workpiece moving platform and the micro-feeding device move in a matched manner, and the micro-feeding device feeds according to the preset feeding amount to process the preset nano-scale appearance of the metal workpiece. The invention utilizes the soft cutter to transfer and diffuse mass to the surface of the metal workpiece to form a mass transfer film, thereby changing the energy gradient of the surface of the workpiece and causing no damage to the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the prior mechanical polishing technology has high labor intensity, complex parts cannot be processed, the precision is inconsistent and the gloss retention time is not long, and provides a method for processing hard materials (such as brittle and hard materials of ceramics, glass and the like, alloy materials of tungsten-cobalt hard alloys, tungsten-titanium-cobalt hard alloys and the like) by using a mold pressing rod pressed by wood fiber wetting powder. The invention is a mode similar to 'soft polishing', which is a method for polishing the surface of a hard workpiece by using powder made of wood with higher hardness, infiltrating and then molding into a wood stick, and using the wood stick as a tool; the method is a method for soaking sawdust by using nano emulsion during processing to realize that a 'wet wood bar' is used as a polishing tool; is a processing method which simultaneously contains liquid and nano-particles in a 'wet wood bar' as a polishing tool; the processing method can play a role in cooling and lubricating liquid in the polishing process; the polishing method is a processing method and a clamping mode, wherein the polishing tool and a workpiece can both rotate in the processing process, the opposite polishing can be realized, and the rotation direction can be adjusted.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for polishing hard materials by using a mold pressing rod pressed by wood fiber wetting powder, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, manufacturing a mould pressing rod polishing tool;
1.1 preparation of mould pressing raw materials: the method comprises grinding hard wood (such as pear wood, oak, camphor wood) waste in a grinding machine to form grinding material, and sieving with a sieve having pore diameter less than or equal to 500 μm to obtain wood fiber powder. Then putting the moso bamboos into a crusher to be crushed to obtain moso bamboo fragments, using a wood shaving machine to carry out wood shaving on the moso bamboo fragments, and then drawing the wood shavings into bamboo fiber filaments. And finally, mixing the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber filaments according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to form a molding material.
1.2 drying mould pressing raw materials: and (3) putting the mould pressing raw materials into a blast oven, and drying for 24h at the temperature of 80 ℃.
1.3 infiltration molding raw material: soaking the dried molding material in the water-soluble nano emulsion for 10-15 days to allow the water-soluble nano emulsion to penetrate into the molding material.
1.4 mixing and stirring: and (3) putting the mould pressing raw material soaked with the nano water-soluble emulsion into a stirrer, stirring for at least 12 minutes at 25 ℃, mixing an adhesive accounting for 2-4% of the mould pressing raw material by mass and a curing agent accounting for 1.5-5% of the mould pressing raw material by mass, adding into the stirrer, and stirring for at least 25 minutes at 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product material.
1.5 compression molding: and (4) putting the semi-finished material into a manual extruding machine with die steel for extruding to obtain the cylindrical die pressing rod polishing tool.
And step two, fixedly mounting the workpiece to be processed on an electric spindle of a machine tool, and fixedly mounting the die pressing rod polishing tool on a polishing tool rotating device.
Step three, the three-axis linkage device of the machine tool realizes that the electric spindle and the workpiece to be processed synchronously move in a working space, so that the workpiece to be processed is positioned above the molded rod polishing tool; then the three-axis linkage device realizes that the electric main shaft and the workpiece to be processed synchronously move horizontally along the Z direction until the workpiece to be processed is contacted with the die pressing rod polishing tool.
Setting a forward polishing mode or a reverse polishing mode, setting the rotating speed of an electric spindle, the rotating speed of a mould pressing rod polishing tool, polishing time, the reciprocating moving speed of the workpiece to be processed along the X direction driven by a three-axis linkage device, the feeding amount of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction driven by the three-axis linkage device, the feeding times of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction driven by the three-axis linkage device and the time interval of two adjacent times of feeding.
And step five, starting the polishing tool rotating device to realize that the molded rod polishing tool rotates around the Y direction, and simultaneously starting the electric spindle to realize that the workpiece to be processed rotates around the Z direction, so that the molded rod polishing tool and the workpiece to be processed are oppositely polished according to the parameters set in the step four.
And sixthly, resetting the three-axis linkage device, taking down the workpiece to be processed to measure the surface roughness, finishing polishing if the surface roughness is less than 10nm, and otherwise executing the next step.
And step seven, fixedly mounting the workpiece to be machined on an electric spindle of the machine tool, and repeating the step four, the step five and the step six.
Furthermore, the diameter of the bamboo fiber yarn is less than 500 μm, and the length of the bamboo fiber yarn is 20-30 mm.
Furthermore, the polishing tool rotating device is arranged below the electric spindle and mainly comprises a rotating motor, a three-jaw chuck, a molded rod polishing tool and a thimble device; one end of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is clamped by the three-jaw chuck, and the other end of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is pressed tightly by the ejector pin device.
Further, the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to feed for 10 times along the Z direction, and the time interval between two adjacent times of feeding is one tenth of the polishing time; if the Vickers hardness of the workpiece to be processed is less than 200 (such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and the like), a forward polishing mode is adopted, the polishing time is set to be not less than 30min, and the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to have the feeding amount of 20-30 mu m along the Z direction; if the Vickers hardness of the workpiece to be processed is not less than 200 (such as stainless steel and the like), a reverse polishing mode is adopted, the polishing time is set to be not less than 90min, and the feeding amount of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction is driven by the three-axis linkage device to be 10-20 mu m.
Further, the right-hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the right hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the right hand points to the positive direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; the left-hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the left hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the left hand points to the negative direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; the forward throw is defined as: the steering of the workpiece to be processed and the steering of the molded rod polishing tool simultaneously accord with the right-hand rule or simultaneously accord with the left-hand rule; the inverse throw is defined as: one of the steering of the workpiece to be machined and the steering of the molded rod burnishing tool meets the right-hand rule, and the other meets the left-hand rule.
Further, the rotating speed of the electric spindle is 7000-10000 r/min.
Further, the rotating speed of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is 0-1000 r/min.
Further, the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to reciprocate at a speed of 0-2000mm/min along the X direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the main components of the mould pressing rod polishing tool used by the invention are wood fiber powder and bamboo fiber; drying the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber, so as to reduce the influence of the moisture on a polishing tool of a compression molding rod; the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber are wetted, so that the raw materials contain solution and nano particles, the toughness and the wear resistance of the raw materials are improved, and the processing performance of the die pressing rod polishing tool for die pressing forming is improved. The die pressing rod polishing tool used by the invention is convenient to manufacture and low in manufacturing cost.
2. The invention utilizes the mould pressing rod pressed by wood fiber wetting powder to polish hard materials, which is a processing mode of 'soft-hard-wire'; the polishing mode that the tool and the workpiece rotate together is adopted for polishing, so that the processing efficiency and the surface finish of the workpiece are improved, the surface of the workpiece is protected, the workpiece cannot be damaged, the gloss retention time is long, and the polishing device is suitable for precise and ultra-precise processing and manufacturing and complex part processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the device used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of an apparatus used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of a polishing tool rotating apparatus used in the present invention.
Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the molded rod polishing tool and the workpiece to be processed according to the right-hand rule of the invention.
Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the molded rod polishing tool and the workpiece to be processed according to the left-hand rule of the invention.
Fig. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of the die pressing rod polishing tool of the present invention adopting a forward polishing manner in accordance with the right-hand rule and the workpiece to be processed adopting the left-hand rule.
Fig. 4(d) is a schematic diagram of the forward polishing mode of the molded rod polishing tool according to the left-hand rule and the workpiece to be processed according to the right-hand rule.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for polishing hard materials by using a mold pressing rod pressed by wood fiber wetting powder comprises the following specific steps:
step one, manufacturing a mould pressing rod polishing tool 13;
1.1 preparation of mould pressing raw materials: and (3) putting the oak waste into a grinding machine for grinding to form a grinding material, and screening the grinding material by using a sieve with the aperture of 50 mu m to obtain wood fiber powder (the particle size is less than or equal to 50 mu m). Then putting the moso bamboos into a crusher to be crushed to obtain moso bamboo fragments, using a shaving machine to carry out shaving on the moso bamboo fragments, and then drawing the shaved moso bamboos into bamboo fiber filaments (the diameter is 50 mu m, and the length is 20-30 mm); and finally, mixing the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber filaments according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to form a molding material.
1.2 drying mould pressing raw materials: and (3) putting the mould pressing raw material into a blast oven, and drying for 24h at the temperature of 80 ℃ (removing original water in the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber silk).
1.3 infiltration molding raw material: and (3) soaking the dried mould pressing raw material in the nano water-soluble emulsion for 10 days to enable the nano water-soluble emulsion to permeate into the mould pressing raw material.
1.4 mixing and stirring: putting the mould pressing raw material soaked with the nano water-soluble emulsion into a stirrer, and stirring for at least 12 minutes at the temperature of 25 ℃; then, the following adhesive raw materials are selected according to the mass part ratio: 30 parts of corn and glutinous rice mixed starch (mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 2), 10 parts of edible ethanol, 10 parts of edible white vinegar and 1 part of food-grade preservative to prepare an adhesive; the curing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 5 parts of defatted soybean powder and 1 part of latent curing agent are prepared into curing agent, and the curing agent and the adhesive are mixed and then added into a stirrer to be stirred for 25 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product material. Wherein, the mass of the added adhesive is 3 percent of that of the mould pressing raw material, and the mass of the added curing agent is 3 percent of that of the mould pressing raw material.
1.5 compression molding: the semi-finished material is put into a manual extruder with die steel for extrusion to obtain a cylindrical die-pressed rod polishing tool 13.
And step two, fixedly mounting the workpiece 10 to be processed on the electric spindle 8 of the machine tool 1, and fixedly mounting the die pressing rod polishing tool 13 on the polishing tool rotating device.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the base of the electric spindle 8 is fixedly mounted on a sliding table of a Z-direction moving device 7 of a three-axis linkage device on a machine tool; the three-axis linkage device mainly comprises an X-direction driving motor 4, a Y-direction driving motor 3, a Z-direction driving motor 6, an X-direction moving device 5, a Y-direction moving device 2 and a Z-direction moving device 7; the X-direction driving motor 4 drives the X-direction moving device 5 to move in the X direction; a Y-direction driving motor 3 drives the Y-direction moving device 2 to move in the Y direction; a Z-direction driving motor 6 drives an electric main shaft 8, a main shaft clamp 9 and a workpiece to be processed 10 to synchronously move in the Z direction; the workpiece 10 to be processed rotates around the Z direction in a positive and negative mode through the electric spindle 8. The X-direction moving device 5, the Y-direction moving device 2 and the Z-direction moving device 7 are all single-shaft linear modules and comprise ball screws, sliding tables, linear guide rails and supporting seats; a screw rod of the ball screw and the supporting seat form a revolute pair; the nut on the ball screw and the linear guide rail form a sliding pair; the sliding table is fixed with a nut on the ball screw; an output shaft of the X-direction driving motor 4 is connected with a screw rod of the X-direction moving device 5 through a coupler, an output shaft of the Y-direction driving motor 3 is connected with a screw rod of the Y-direction moving device 2 through a coupler, and an output shaft of the Z-direction driving motor 6 is connected with a screw rod of the Z-direction moving device 7 through a coupler; the supporting seat of the X-direction moving device 5 is fixed on the sliding table of the Y-direction moving device 2, the supporting seat of the Y-direction moving device 2 is fixed on the frame, and the supporting seat of the Z-direction moving device 7 is fixed on the sliding table of the X-direction moving device 5.
The polishing tool rotating device is arranged below the electric spindle 8 and mainly comprises a rotating motor 11, a three-jaw chuck 12, a molded rod polishing tool 13 and an ejector pin device 14; one end of the molded rod polishing tool 13 is clamped by the three-jaw chuck 12, and the other end is pressed tightly by the ejector pin device 14; the thimble device 14 adopts the mature technology on the existing lathe, and can realize the compaction of the molded rod polishing tool 13 at the Y-direction adjusting position according to the different lengths of the molded rod polishing tool 13; the rotating motor 11 drives the three-jaw chuck 12 to rotate forward and backward around the Y direction.
Step three, the three-axis linkage device of the machine tool realizes that the electric spindle 8 and the workpiece 10 to be processed synchronously move in a working space, so that the workpiece 10 to be processed is positioned above the die pressing rod polishing tool 13; then the three-axis linkage device realizes that the electric spindle 8 and the workpiece 10 to be machined synchronously translate along the Z direction until the workpiece 10 to be machined is contacted with the die pressing rod polishing tool 13.
Step four, as shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), in this embodiment, the workpiece 10 to be processed is made of an aluminum alloy material, a forward polishing mode is adopted, the rotation speed of the motorized spindle is set to 9000r/min, the rotation speed of the die pressing rod polishing tool is set to 1000r/min, the polishing time is set to 30min, the workpiece 10 to be processed is driven by the three-axis linkage device to reciprocate along the X direction at a speed of 1500mm/min, the workpiece 10 to be processed is driven by the three-axis linkage device to feed along the Z direction at 20 μm, the number of times of feeding along the Z direction of the workpiece 10 to be processed is driven by the three-axis linkage device is set to 10 times, and the.
The right hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the right hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the right hand points to the positive direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; the left-hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the left hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the left hand points to the negative direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; as shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), forward throw is defined as: the steering of the workpiece to be machined 10 and the steering of the die pressing rod polishing tool 13 simultaneously accord with the right-hand rule or simultaneously accord with the left-hand rule; as shown in fig. 4(c) and 4(d), the reverse throw is defined as: the turning direction of the workpiece 10 to be machined and the turning direction of the die press rod polishing tool 13 have one in accordance with the right-hand rule and the other in accordance with the left-hand rule.
And step five, starting the polishing tool rotating device to realize that the molded rod polishing tool 13 rotates around the Y direction, and simultaneously starting the electric spindle 8 to realize that the workpiece 10 to be processed rotates around the Z direction, so that the molded rod polishing tool 13 and the workpiece 10 to be processed are polished according to the parameters set in the step four.
And step six, resetting the three-axis linkage device, taking down the workpiece 10 to be processed, measuring the surface roughness, finishing polishing if the surface roughness is less than 10nm, and otherwise executing the next step.
And step seven, fixedly mounting the workpiece 10 to be machined on the electric spindle 8 of the machine tool, and repeating the step four, the step five and the step six.
Claims (8)
1. Method for polishing hard materials using a molded rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, manufacturing a mould pressing rod polishing tool;
1.1 preparation of mould pressing raw materials: putting the waste of hard wood into a grinding machine for grinding to form grinding materials, and screening the grinding materials by using a sieve with the aperture less than or equal to 500 mu m to prepare wood fiber powder; then putting the moso bamboos into a crusher to be crushed to obtain moso bamboo fragments, using a wood shaving machine to carry out wood shaving on the moso bamboo fragments, and then drawing the wood shavings into bamboo fiber filaments; and finally, mixing the wood fiber powder and the bamboo fiber filaments according to a mass ratio of 4: 1, forming a mould pressing raw material;
1.2 drying mould pressing raw materials: putting the mould pressing raw materials into a blast oven, and drying for 24 hours at 80 ℃;
1.3 infiltration molding raw material: soaking the dried mould pressing raw material in the nano water-soluble emulsion for 10-15 days to enable the nano water-soluble emulsion to permeate into the mould pressing raw material;
1.4 mixing and stirring: placing the mould pressing raw material soaked with the nano water-soluble emulsion into a stirrer, stirring for at least 12 minutes at 25 ℃, mixing an adhesive accounting for 2-4% of the mould pressing raw material by mass and a curing agent accounting for 1.5-5% of the mould pressing raw material by mass, adding into the stirrer, and stirring for at least 25 minutes at 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished product material;
1.5 compression molding: putting the semi-finished product material into a manual extruding machine with die steel for extruding to obtain a cylindrical die pressing rod polishing tool;
step two, fixedly mounting a workpiece to be processed on an electric spindle of a machine tool, and fixedly mounting a die pressing rod polishing tool on a polishing tool rotating device;
step three, the three-axis linkage device of the machine tool realizes that the electric spindle and the workpiece to be processed synchronously move in a working space, so that the workpiece to be processed is positioned above the molded rod polishing tool; then the three-axis linkage device realizes that the electric spindle and the workpiece to be processed synchronously translate along the Z direction until the workpiece to be processed is contacted with the die pressing rod polishing tool;
setting a forward polishing mode or a reverse polishing mode, setting the rotating speed of an electric spindle, the rotating speed of a molded rod polishing tool, polishing time, the reciprocating moving speed of the workpiece to be processed along the X direction driven by a three-axis linkage device, the feeding amount of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction driven by the three-axis linkage device, the feeding times of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction driven by the three-axis linkage device and the time interval of two adjacent times of feeding;
step five, starting the polishing tool rotating device to realize that the molded rod polishing tool rotates around the Y direction, and simultaneously starting the electric spindle to realize that the workpiece to be processed rotates around the Z direction, so that the molded rod polishing tool and the workpiece to be processed are oppositely polished according to the parameters set in the step four;
sixthly, resetting the three-axis linkage device, taking down the workpiece to be processed to measure the surface roughness, finishing polishing if the surface roughness is less than 10nm, and otherwise executing the next step;
and step seven, fixedly mounting the workpiece to be machined on an electric spindle of the machine tool, and repeating the step four, the step five and the step six.
2. The method of polishing hard materials with wood fiber wet powder pressed molded bars according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the bamboo fiber filament is less than 500 mu m, and the length of the bamboo fiber filament is 20-30 mm.
3. The method of polishing hard materials with wood fiber wet powder pressed molded bars according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polishing tool rotating device is arranged below the electric spindle and mainly comprises a rotating motor, a three-jaw chuck, a molded rod polishing tool and an ejector pin device; one end of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is clamped by the three-jaw chuck, and the other end of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is pressed tightly by the ejector pin device.
4. The method of polishing hard materials with wood fiber wet powder pressed molded bars according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to feed for 10 times along the Z direction, and the time interval of the two adjacent times of feeding is one tenth of the opposite polishing time; if the Vickers hardness of the workpiece to be processed is less than 200, a forward polishing mode is adopted, the polishing time is set to be not less than 30min, and the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to feed 20-30 mu m along the Z direction; if the Vickers hardness of the workpiece to be processed is not less than 200, a reverse polishing mode is adopted, the polishing time is set to be not less than 90min, and the feeding amount of the workpiece to be processed along the Z direction is driven by the three-axis linkage device to be 10-20 mu m.
5. Method for polishing hard materials with a pressed stick pressed with wood fiber wet powder according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the right hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the right hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the right hand points to the positive direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; the left-hand rule is defined as: the four fingers of the left hand point to the rotating direction, and the thumb of the left hand points to the negative direction of the Y axis or the Z axis; the forward throw is defined as: the steering of the workpiece to be processed and the steering of the molded rod polishing tool simultaneously accord with the right-hand rule or simultaneously accord with the left-hand rule; the inverse throw is defined as: one of the steering of the workpiece to be machined and the steering of the molded rod burnishing tool meets the right-hand rule, and the other meets the left-hand rule.
6. Method for polishing hard materials with a pressed rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the electric spindle is 7000-10000 r/min.
7. Method for polishing hard materials with a pressed rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the mould pressing rod polishing tool is 0-1000 r/min.
8. Method for polishing hard materials with a pressed rod pressed with wood fiber wet powder according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the three-axis linkage device drives the workpiece to be processed to reciprocate at a speed of 0-2000mm/min along the X direction.
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