CN111643726A - 提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法 - Google Patents

提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法 Download PDF

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CN111643726A
CN111643726A CN201911217774.9A CN201911217774A CN111643726A CN 111643726 A CN111643726 A CN 111643726A CN 201911217774 A CN201911217774 A CN 201911217774A CN 111643726 A CN111643726 A CN 111643726A
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周雪锋
顾宁
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯材料获得抗血小板活化功能的方法。包括如下步骤：采用牛血清白蛋白包裹黄芩素，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒；将黄芩素纳米颗粒和多巴胺溶液混合，在医用聚氨酯进行表面嫁接反应；将改性后的医用聚氨酯材料充分洗涤，干燥，获得成品。本发明方法充分利用黄芩素在乙醇溶液中易溶解的特性，同时采用牛血清白蛋包裹方法保持黄芩素活性。本发明方法的工艺简单，反应条件易保护中药活性，工艺过程易放大、实现规模化生产。

Description

提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医用生物材料技术，具体涉及一种基于中药有效成分在提高医用聚氨酯材料表面抗血小板活性功能和生物相容性功能的方法。
背景技术
医用高分子直接用于人体，与人体健康密切相关，因此对医用高分子有严格的要求，生物相容性是医用材料的关键指标之一。用来制造与血液接触的人工器官或者器械的医用高分子材料与血液直接接触，如人造血管、心脏瓣膜、支架和导管等，必须同时具有良好的血液相容性，如不引起凝血、不破坏红细胞、不改变血中蛋白、不破坏血小板等。生物材料的表面直接与人体血液或者组织相接触，因此调控生物医用材料的表面性能，是有效地控制两者间相互作用的重要手段。聚合物的表面性质直接决定了它们的生物医用材料等应具有良好的生物相容性，调控高分子生物材料的表面性质是关键。
医用级的聚氨酯通常具有良好的力学性能、物理性能和生物相容性，在血液接触材料中得到的广泛的应用。然而，聚氨酯材料植入人体后，其表面仍然存在容易吸附蛋白质、粘附和活化血小板等问题，导致材料或者器械的失败。因此，采用表面修饰的方法进行改性聚氨酯，是提高其血液相容性的主要方法，受到了技术开发人员广泛的关注。
中草药单体属于天然活性产物,其中黄酮类中草药单体大部分都具有抗炎的作用,且具有副作用小、价格适宜等优点。研究表明黄芩素具有广泛的心血管保护、抗氧化、抗血小板凝集、抗菌和抗炎作用。凝血酶作为凝血级联反应中最关键的酶，通过在共同途径中将纤维蛋白原水解为不溶于水的纤维蛋白单体而促进血栓的形成，是抗凝药物的主要作用靶点。黄芩素与凝血酶具有强的相互左右，在抗凝血领域具有重要的潜在意义。在心血管大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型中，黄芩素能够改善血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血压升高与心室重构；肺动脉高压大鼠模型中，黄芩素具有降低肺动脉高压的作用，该作用可能与其改善肺动脉血管重构、增厚和内皮间质转化的作用相关。但是黄芩素存在水溶性低，生物利用度差的问题。
发明内容
发明目的：针对上述现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明提供了一种提高医用聚氨酯材料表面抗血小板活性功能和生物相容性功能的方法。
技术方案：本发明所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)采用牛血清白蛋白包裹黄芩素，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的黄芩素纳米颗粒和多巴胺溶液混合，对医用聚氨酯进行表面嫁接反应；
(3)将经过步骤(2)改性后的医用聚氨酯材料充分洗涤，干燥待用。
其中，步骤(1)中，所述黄芩素纳米颗粒的制备方法为：分别配置5％-10％浓度的牛血清白蛋白水溶液和0.5-2mg/ml黄芩素无水乙醇溶液，然后在激烈搅拌条件下，将黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1-2ml/min的速度滴加到牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜后高速离心，冷冻干燥得到牛血清白蛋白包裹黄芩素的纳米颗粒。所述冷冻干燥是指-60℃处理24h。
优选的，所述牛血清白蛋白水溶液浓度为5％，所述黄芩素无水乙醇溶液浓度为1-2mg/ml。
步骤(2)中，所述多巴胺Tris-HCl混合溶液的浓度为0.1-5mg/mL，pH为7～10；黄芩素纳米颗粒的浓度为5-20mg/mL。
优选的，所述多巴胺Tris-HCl混合溶液的浓度为1-2mg/mL，Tris-HCl溶液的PH为8～9；黄芩素纳米颗粒的浓度为10mg/mL。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，所述表面嫁接反应条件为：在室温下，反应的时间12-36h。优选20h。
步骤(3)中，所述洗涤是指采用蒸馏水清洗多次后真空干燥。所述真空干燥条件是：40℃，真空干燥12h以上。
根据上述方法制备得到的医用聚氨酯材料表面含有黄芩素颗粒的多巴胺修饰层，具有良好的抗血小板活化功能和生物相容性。
本发明一方面解决黄芩素存在水溶性低的问题，采用乙醇溶解黄芩素，进行纳米颗粒的制备；另外一方面利用贻贝激发改性仿生修饰材料表面的温和性的特点，保持黄芩素的生物活性，同时能够将黄芩素的纳米颗粒固定在材料表面，最终为聚氨酯医用材料表面抗血小板活化，抑制凝血酶作用，提高材料的血液相容性。该方法不但能够利用中药有效成分对医用高分子进行功能化，而且具有过程操作简单、易放大等特点。改性方法具有普适性，可以在相关高分子材料得到应用。
有益效果：相比较于现有技术，本发明具有以下优势：(1)本发明方法针对黄芩素不易溶于水，通过乙醇溶解制备牛血清白蛋白包裹的纳米颗粒。不但能够有效的保证黄芩素的生物活性，而且使得黄芩素的适用领域更加广泛。(2)酮类中草药单体黄芩素在心血管方面的独特作用，例如抗血小板凝集、抑制凝血酶、抗菌和抗炎等作用。将黄芩素应用于聚氨酯表面，能够发挥其独特的生物学特性。结合了聚氨酯材料和黄芩素在心血管相关生物材料的优势，实现强强联合。(3)聚氨酯在生物材料领域具有诸多的优点，而通过表面改性的方式，不会影响材料的主体性能和物理学特性。(4)该发明是基于多巴胺交联在材料表面改性，自身具有良好的生物相容性，最终产品能够提高血液相容性，减少血栓形成。
附图说明
图1是血小板在材料表面粘附扫描电镜图，其中，A：未处理聚氨酯，B：采用实施例2获得的样品材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做更进一步地解释。
一种提高医用聚氨酯材料血液相容性的方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、制备配置5％-10％浓度的牛血清白蛋白水溶液，和0.5-2mg/ml黄芩素乙醇溶液。在激烈搅拌下，黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1-2ml/min的滴加到的牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜后高速离心得到样品，样品预冻后冷冻干燥，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒。
步骤二、在pH为8～10的Tris-HCl中，按照0.1-5mg/mL的多巴胺浓度和5-20mg/mL黄芩素纳米颗粒浓度，在搅拌的情况下，添加多巴胺和黄芩素，在室温下，聚氨酯与反应溶液体的反应时间12-36h。
步骤三、将改性后的医用聚氨酯材料采用蒸馏水充分洗涤三次以上，40摄氏度真空干燥过夜，待用。
实施例1
称量0.25g牛血清白蛋白溶解在5g去离子水中，同时称取20mg黄芩素溶解在20ml无水乙醇中。在激烈搅拌下，黄芩素乙醇溶液按照2ml/min的滴加到的牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜。在12000rmp高速离心得到样品，样品预冻后冷冻干燥，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒。在pH为9.5的Tris-HCl中，分别按照4.5mg/mL和10mg/mL浓度加入多巴胺和黄芩素纳米颗粒，在搅拌的情况下，聚氨酯在反应溶液处理30h。反应结束后，样品采用蒸馏水充分洗涤三次，40摄氏度真空干燥过夜，得到样品。表面修饰的聚氨酯具有良好的抗血小板粘附作用。
实施例2
称量0.45g牛血清白蛋白溶解5g去离子水中，同时称取10mg黄芩素溶解在20ml无水乙醇中。在激烈搅拌下，黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1.5ml/min的滴加到的牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜。在12000rmp高速离心得到样品，样品预冻后冷冻干燥，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒。在pH为8.5的Tris-HCl中，分别按照4.5mg/mL和0.5mg/mL浓度加入多巴胺和黄芩素纳米颗粒，在搅拌的情况下，聚氨酯在反应溶液处理24h。反应结束后，样品采用蒸馏水充分洗涤三次，40摄氏度真空干燥过夜，得到样品。表面修饰的聚氨酯具有良好的抗血小板粘附作用，详见附图1所示。
实施例3
称量0.25g牛血清白蛋白溶解5g去离子水中，同时称取20mg黄芩素溶解在20ml无水乙醇中。在激烈搅拌下，黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1ml/min的滴加到的牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜。在15000rmp高速离心得到样品，样品预冻后冷冻干燥，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒。在pH为8的Tris-HCl中，分别按照4.5mg/mL和20mg/mL浓度加入多巴胺和黄芩素纳米颗粒，在搅拌的情况下，聚氨酯在反应溶液处理15h。反应结束后，样品采用蒸馏水充分洗涤三次，40摄氏度真空干燥过夜，得到样品。表面修饰的聚氨酯具有良好的抗血小板粘附作用。
实施例4
称量0.5g牛血清白蛋白溶解5g去离子水中，同时称取10mg黄芩素溶解在20ml无水乙醇中。在激烈搅拌下，黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1.2ml/min的滴加到的牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜。在13000rmp高速离心得到样品，样品预冻后冷冻干燥，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒。在pH为8.5的Tris-HCl中，分别按照1.0mg/mL和20mg/mL浓度加入多巴胺和黄芩素纳米颗粒，在搅拌的情况下，聚氨酯在反应溶液处理36h。反应结束后，样品采用蒸馏水充分洗涤三次，40摄氏度真空干燥过夜，得到样品。表面修饰的聚氨酯具有良好的抗血小板粘附作用。

Claims (8)

1.一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)采用牛血清白蛋白包裹黄芩素，获得黄芩素纳米颗粒；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的黄芩素纳米颗粒和多巴胺溶液混合，对医用聚氨酯进行表面嫁接反应；
(3)将经过步骤(2)改性后的医用聚氨酯材料充分洗涤，干燥待用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述黄芩素纳米颗粒的制备方法为：分别配置5％-10％浓度的牛血清白蛋白水溶液和0.5-2mg/ml黄芩素无水乙醇溶液，然后在激烈搅拌条件下，将黄芩素乙醇溶液按照1-2ml/min的速度滴加到牛血清白蛋白水溶液中，搅拌过夜后高速离心，冷冻干燥得到牛血清白蛋白包裹黄芩素的纳米颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，所述牛血清白蛋白水溶液浓度为5％，所述黄芩素无水乙醇溶液浓度为1-2mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述多巴胺Tris-HCl混合溶液的浓度为0.1-5mg/mL，pH为7～10；黄芩素纳米颗粒的浓度为5-20mg/mL。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，所述多巴胺Tris-HCl混合溶液的浓度为1-2mg/mL，Tris-HCl溶液的PH为8～9；黄芩素纳米颗粒的浓度为10mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述表面嫁接反应条件为：在室温下，反应的时间12-36h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述洗涤是指采用蒸馏水清洗多次后真空干燥。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高聚氨酯材料抗血小板活化功能的方法，其特征在于，制备得到的医用聚氨酯材料表面含有黄芩素颗粒的多巴胺修饰层，具有良好的抗血小板活化功能和生物相容性。
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