CN111642469B - Bag-shaped net and method for acquiring escape rate of caught object from trawl mesh by using same - Google Patents
Bag-shaped net and method for acquiring escape rate of caught object from trawl mesh by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642469B CN111642469B CN202010498789.3A CN202010498789A CN111642469B CN 111642469 B CN111642469 B CN 111642469B CN 202010498789 A CN202010498789 A CN 202010498789A CN 111642469 B CN111642469 B CN 111642469B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K73/00—Drawn nets
- A01K73/02—Trawling nets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K73/00—Drawn nets
- A01K73/02—Trawling nets
- A01K73/10—Determining the quantity of the catch, e.g. by the pull or drag on the lines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bag-shaped net which comprises a net body part, wherein the net body part is in a cylindrical shape formed by sewing four quadrilateral net sheets with the same size; the front part of the net body part is connected with a triangular net piece, and the triangular net piece forms an inclined net head part after the quadrangular net piece is sewed; the rear part of the net body part is provided with a fish outlet. The invention also relates to a method for acquiring the escape rate of the caught object from the trawl meshes by using the bag-shaped net. The invention can quantitatively count and analyze the escape rate of the caught objects under each mesh specification of the trawl.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishing gear mesh escape rate research, in particular to a bag-shaped net and a method for acquiring the escape rate of a caught object from a trawl mesh by using the bag-shaped net.
Background
Trawlnet is one of the most main working modes for marine fishing in China. With the research and development of trawl technology and fishing gear material technology, the trawl of the current generation is larger and larger in scale, and the mesh specification of a net opening is also greatly enlarged. The maximum mesh specification of the large middle-layer trawl can reach more than 20m, and the maximum mesh specification of the bottom-layer trawl in China can also reach more than 10 m. The large-scale of meshes of a net opening part is a main expression of modern trawl research.
The oversized mesh size can effectively enlarge the sea sweeping area of the net and improve the fishing effect of the trawl. On the other hand, the trawl has an oversized specification, the use amount of netting gear materials is increased, the operation of hauling and releasing the trawl is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the difficulty of maintaining the operation netting gear is increased, and the effective operation time is reduced.
At present, for a specific fishing object, how large a mesh specification is used and scientific data is lacked as a design basis. In practice, the mesh size of the trawl door and the mesh sizes of the segments of the rest of the net body are often determined according to an empirical method. In addition, the current marine organism survey sampling generally adopts a sampling trawl net, and the mesh of the net mouth part of the sampling netting gear is also larger. The determination of the rate of escape of the target biological object from the large mesh portion of the sampling net has a great influence on the resource quantity evaluation.
At present, a trawl cod end mesh escape rate (selectivity) acquisition method generally adopts a net sleeving method, namely, an outer net sleeving a net slightly larger than the net sac in appearance specification and smaller than the mesh size is sleeved outside the net sac, and the fishing data in the net sac and the net sleeving are statistically analyzed. However, this method is not suitable for use with large mesh portions in the front of the trawl. The method is not suitable for the trawl net with different mesh sizes at different parts of the trawl net body. Therefore, a method for quantitatively and statistically analyzing the number of escape of the caught objects through the trawl mesh is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a bag-shaped net and a method for acquiring the escape rate of a caught object from meshes of a trawl by using the bag-shaped net, and the escape rate of the caught object under each mesh specification of the trawl can be quantitatively counted and analyzed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: providing a bag-shaped net, which comprises a net body part, wherein the net body part is in a cylindrical shape formed by sewing four quadrilateral net sheets with the same size; the front part of the net body part is connected with a triangular net piece, and the triangular net piece forms an oblique net head part after the quadrangular net piece is sewn; the rear part of the net body part is provided with a fish outlet.
The cylindrical net body part is wound around a mesh on each side of the sewing position to be used as a net body reinforcing line.
And a net opening steel cable is arranged at the net opening of the oblique net head part.
The inclined net head part is provided with a connecting angle adjusting net piece which is a strip-shaped net piece and is used for reducing the covering effect of the bag-shaped net on the front half mesh and enabling the bag-shaped net and the trawl net body to form an optimal angle.
A net piece is obliquely arranged at the back quarter of the net body part to serve as a backflow prevention net, and the backflow prevention net and the water flow direction in the net body form an angle of 45-50 degrees.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the method for acquiring the escape rate of the caught objects from the trawl meshes by using the bag-shaped net comprises the following steps:
(1) mounting the bag-shaped net on a trawl body;
(2) after fishing is finished, calculating the escape rate of a fishing object from the trawl mesh specification, specifically: suppose the weight of the caught objects in the net bag of the trawl is W c The weight of the fishing object in the bag-shaped net from the first section behind the trawl body is W 1 The total mesh number of the mesh sheet of the section divided by the mesh number of the mounting bag-shaped mesh of the section is N 1 The mesh escape rate of the net sheet at the section behind the trawl
Mesh escape rate of net sheet of nth section behind trawl
Wherein, W n The weight of the fishing object in the bag-shaped net installed for the nth section net behind the trawl body, N n The total mesh number of the nth section behind the trawl is divided by the mesh number of the installation pocket net of the section,
the total weight of the escape from the nth section of net sheet behind the trawl to the net bag.
The bag-shaped net in the step (1) is arranged in the centers of the net sheets with different specifications forming the trawl net body; if the net body of the trawl net is composed of different mesh specifications, bag-shaped nets with different specifications are required to be matched with the trawl net, and each group of four bag-shaped nets are respectively arranged on the back, the abdomen and two side surfaces of the net body.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the bag-shaped net provided by the invention is observed and adjusted through a water tank model test, and the design structure is optimized, so that the bag-shaped net can be unfolded at a certain angle when being installed on the meshes of the trawl, a caught object can smoothly pass through the meshes and enter the bag-shaped net, and the influence of the bag-shaped net on the passing of the caught object is reduced. The bag-shaped net has a simple and ingenious structure and is convenient to process. And acquiring the escape rate of the trawl meshes by counting the data of the caught objects in the bag-shaped net.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a pocket net according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the deployment of a pocket net web of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the pocket net of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a bag-shaped net, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising a net body part a having a cylindrical shape formed by sewing four quadrangular net pieces 10 having the same size; the front part of the net body part A is connected with a triangular net piece 9, the triangular net piece 9 forms an oblique net head part B after the quadrangular net piece is sewn, wherein the side length of the triangular net piece 9 is equal to the length of a trawl net at the installation position, and the triangular net piece can be combined with an operation trawl net during operation; the rear part of the net body part A is provided with a fish outlet port 3 so as to facilitate the counting of the caught objects which pass through the trawl meshes and enter the bag-shaped net.
The inclined net head part B is provided with a connecting angle adjusting net piece 8, the connecting angle adjusting net piece 8 is a strip-shaped net piece and is used for reducing the covering effect of the bag-shaped net on the front half mesh and enabling the bag-shaped net and the trawl net body to form an optimal angle.
A piece of net piece is obliquely arranged at the back quarter of the net body part A to serve as an anti-reverse net 4, and the anti-reverse net 4 forms an angle of 45-50 degrees with the water flow direction in the net body.
The bag-shaped net can be adjusted through the observation of the water tank model, so that the bag-shaped net can be unfolded at a certain angle when being installed on the net of the trawl, a caught object can smoothly pass through the net to enter the bag-shaped net, and the influence of the bag-shaped net on the passing of the caught object is reduced.
The present invention will be specifically described below by taking a four-piece type middle trawl (mesh size of 3m) as an example.
1. Determination of pocket net mouth specification
The target trawl net body is composed of eight specifications of 70mm, 120mm, 200mm, 400mm, 800mm, 1000mm, 1500mm and 3000mm mesh size from the front of the sac net. For simplicity, the specification of the pocket net opening only needs to be designed into four specifications of 140mm, 800mm, 1000mm and 3000 mm. The specification of the 140mm bag-shaped net mouth can be used for specifications of 70mm and 120mm net mouths (the specification of the bag-shaped net mouth cannot be smaller than the trawl net mesh at the installation position, but the bag-shaped net mouth can be slightly larger than the trawl net mesh at the installation position), the specification of the 800mm bag-shaped net mouth can be used for specifications of 200mm, 400mm and 800mm net meshes, and the specification of the 3000mm net mouth can be used for specifications of 1500mm and 3000mm net meshes. When used in combination, the pocket net may be mounted to a multi-mesh trawl mesh.
2. Concrete manufacturing of bag-shaped net
Taking a bag-shaped net with a net opening specification of 3000mm as an example, the manufacturing method of the bag-shaped net is concretely explained as follows: the bag-shaped net is made of firm and durable synthetic fiber materials, and in the embodiment, a net coat which is made of PE 42tex 3X 5 fishing net wires and is 40mm in mesh specification (same as the size of the bag net) is selected. The net body part B is composed of four trapezoidal net pieces 10, the specifications of the net body part B are that the upper side is 40 meshes (the net tensioning length is 1500mm, the surplus net is used as a winding edge), the lower side is 20 meshes, the height mesh number is 75 meshes, the cutting slope is 7-1, the same four trapezoidal net pieces are sewn into a cylindrical net body part B, each side is wound by one mesh and used as a net body reinforcement line 2. The length of the bevel edge of the triangular net piece 9 is 76 meshes, and the triangular net piece is cut 1-1; the bottom is 152 meshes and is sewed with the net body part B. A PE three-strand rope with the diameter of 3mm is arranged at the position of a net opening of the bag-shaped net to serve as a net opening steel cable 1.
The net head part A of the bag-shaped net is provided with the net mesh connecting angle adjusting net piece 8 which is a long strip-shaped net piece with the width of 3 meshes (when the bag-shaped net is combined with the trawl, the width can be properly adjusted according to requirements in different specifications), the length of 38 meshes is long, the effect of covering the front half mesh by the bag-shaped net can be reduced, the optimal angle is formed between the bag-shaped net and the trawl body, and the influence of the bag-shaped net on the escape of a caught object is favorably reduced.
A net piece is obliquely arranged at the back quarter of the net body to serve as a backflow-preventing net 4, and the backflow-preventing net piece and the water flow direction in the net body form an angle of 45-50 degrees. Wherein three sides are wound with the net body, and a port is reserved on one side for the fishing objects to enter.
The fish outlet 3 of the net body is tied by a PE three-strand rope with the diameter of 3mm penetrating through the net mesh, and then the net body is untied when the fish is poured.
The pocket net is mounted at a specific portion of the body of the trawl net in operation, as shown in fig. 3. The bag-shaped net is generally installed in the center of the net sheets with different specifications which form the body of the trawl net. If a certain net body is composed of different mesh specifications, bag-shaped nets with different specifications are required to be matched with the net body. Each group of four bag-shaped nets are respectively arranged on the back, the abdomen and two side surfaces.
After fishing is finished, calculating the escape rate of a fishing object from the trawl mesh specification, specifically: suppose the weight of the caught objects in the net bag of the trawl is W c The weight of the fishing object in the bag-shaped net from the first section behind the trawl body is W 1 The total mesh number of the mesh sheet of the section divided by the mesh number of the mounting bag-shaped mesh of the section is N 1 The mesh escape rate of the net sheet at the section behind the trawl body
Mesh escape rate of net sheet of nth section behind trawl
Wherein, W n The weight of the fishing object in the bag-shaped net installed for the nth section net behind the trawl body, N n The total mesh number of the nth section behind the trawl is divided by the mesh number of the installation pocket net of the section,
the total escaping weight from the nth section of net sheet behind the trawl to the front of the net bag.
The bag-shaped net is simple and ingenious in structure and convenient to process, and the escape rate of trawl meshes can be obtained by counting the data of the caught objects in the bag-shaped net. The escape rate of the caught objects under each mesh specification of the trawl is quantitatively counted and analyzed by acquiring the fishing rate in the bag-shaped net and the bag net, so that a scientific basis is provided for using more appropriate mesh size for specific caught objects when the trawl is designed.
Claims (7)
1. A bag-shaped net comprises a net body part and is characterized in that the net body part is in a cylindrical shape formed by sewing four quadrilateral net sheets with the same size; the front part of the net body part is connected with a triangular net piece, the triangular net piece forms an oblique net head part after the quadrangular net piece is sewn, the side length of the triangular net piece is equal to the length of a trawl net at a mounting position, and the triangular net piece can be combined with the trawl net during operation; a fish outlet opening is formed in the rear part of the net body part; the inclined net head part is provided with a connecting angle adjusting net piece which is used for reducing the covering effect of the bag-shaped net on the front half mesh and enabling the bag-shaped net and the trawl net body to form an optimal angle.
2. Bag net according to claim 1, characterised in that the cylinder-shaped net body part is wound around a mesh on each side of the stitching as a net body reinforcement line.
3. The pocket net of claim 1, wherein a net mouth wire rope is installed at a net mouth position of the oblique net head portion.
4. The bag net of claim 1, wherein the connection angle adjustment mesh is an elongated mesh.
5. The bag net of claim 1, wherein a net sheet is obliquely attached to the back quarter of the net body portion to serve as a reverse-proof net, and the reverse-proof net is at an angle of 45-50 degrees with respect to the direction of water flow in the net body.
6. A method for obtaining escape rate of a caught object from a trawl mesh using the pocket net of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) mounting the bag-shaped net on a trawl net body;
(2) after fishing is finished, calculating the escape rate of a fishing object from the trawl mesh specification, specifically: suppose the weight of the caught objects in the net bag of the trawl is W c The weight of the fishing object in the bag-shaped net from the first section behind the trawl body is W 1 The total mesh number of the mesh sheet of the section divided by the mesh number of the mounting bag-shaped mesh of the section is N 1 The mesh escape rate of the net sheet at the section behind the trawl body
Mesh escape rate of net sheet of nth section behind trawl body
Wherein, W n Weight of a fishing object in a bag-shaped net installed for the nth section net behind a trawl body, N n The total mesh number of the nth section behind the trawl net body is divided by the mesh number of the mounting bag-shaped net of the section,
the total weight of the escape from the nth section of net sheet behind the trawl to the net bag.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pocket net in step (1) is installed at the center of different sized net sheets constituting the body of the trawl net; if the net body of the trawl net is composed of different mesh specifications, bag-shaped nets with different specifications are required to be matched with the trawl net, and each group of four bag-shaped nets are respectively arranged on the back, the abdomen and two side surfaces of the net body.
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| CN202010498789.3A CN111642469B (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2020-06-04 | Bag-shaped net and method for acquiring escape rate of caught object from trawl mesh by using same |
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