CN111640971A - Garbage disposal system and method based on fuel cell combined power generation - Google Patents
Garbage disposal system and method based on fuel cell combined power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111640971A CN111640971A CN202010634270.3A CN202010634270A CN111640971A CN 111640971 A CN111640971 A CN 111640971A CN 202010634270 A CN202010634270 A CN 202010634270A CN 111640971 A CN111640971 A CN 111640971A
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage treatment system and method based on fuel cell combined power generation, which comprises a garbage gasification subsystem and a fuel cell combined power generation subsystem, wherein the garbage gasification subsystem comprises a garbage gasification furnace, a purification system and a waste heat boiler, the fuel cell combined power generation subsystem comprises a preheater, an air compressor, an air preheater, a fuel cell, an inverter, a combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler and a thermal power generation system, the garbage gasification subsystem gasifies garbage to reduce the garbage, the fuel cell combined power generation subsystem converts Gibbs free energy part in chemical energy of combustible gas in the garbage gasification gas into electric energy, unreacted combustible gas is combusted and then generates power through the thermal power generation system, tail gas is used for preheating the garbage gasification gas and air, and the system can realize high-efficiency utilization of the garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal domestic waste treatment, in particular to a waste treatment system and method based on fuel cell combined power generation.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy in China, the urbanization process is accelerated, the living standard of people is improved, the garbage generated in the urban living process is rapidly increased, and the urban domestic garbage treatment causes wide attention of all social circles. At present, the treatment method of municipal solid waste mainly comprises three methods of composting, landfill and incineration. Among them, landfill generates methane, landfill leachate, etc., and harmful components therein cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil, surface water and underground water, destroy ecological environment and even harm human health. The volume reduction of the waste incineration technology by carrying out incineration treatment on the waste has the problems of low utilization efficiency, serious environmental pollution and the like.
The solid oxide fuel cell has strong adaptability to fuels, can operate under the condition that various fuels comprise carbon-based fuels, can provide high-quality waste heat, realizes cogeneration, and has high fuel utilization rate which reaches about 80 percent.
In published documents, CN21685639U, CN110423679A and CN110029044A describe the use of gas generated after fermentation of kitchen waste in fuel cell power generation technology, and CN106602118A describes the use of waste pyrolysis gas in fuel cell power generation technology, so that there is no report that waste gasification gas is used in fuel cell power generation after waste gasification.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waste treatment system and method based on fuel cell cogeneration, which can realize the reduction and harmless treatment of waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a garbage disposal system based on fuel cell combined power generation comprises a garbage gasification subsystem and a fuel cell combined power generation subsystem;
the waste gasification subsystem comprises a waste gasification furnace 1, a purification system 2 and a waste heat boiler 11, wherein a gas outlet of the waste gasification furnace 1 is communicated with an inlet of the purification system 2, and a cold side outlet of the waste heat boiler 11 is communicated with a gas inlet of the waste gasification furnace 1;
the fuel cell combined power generation subsystem comprises a preheater 3, a cold side outlet of the preheater 3 is communicated with an anode inlet of a fuel cell 6, an anode outlet of the fuel cell 6 is communicated with a combustion chamber 7, an outlet of an air compressor 4 is communicated with a cold side inlet of an air preheater 5, a cold side outlet of the air preheater 5 is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell 6 to enter, a cathode outlet of the fuel cell 6 is communicated with a combustion chamber 8, an anode outlet of the fuel cell 6 is communicated with the combustion chamber 8, an outlet of the combustion chamber 8 is communicated with a hot side inlet of a waste heat boiler 9, a hot side outlet of the waste heat boiler 9 is communicated with a hot side inlet of a waste heat boiler 11, a hot side outlet of the waste heat boiler 11 is communicated with a hot side inlet of the preheater 3, a hot side outlet of the preheater 3 is communicated with a hot side inlet of the air preheater 5, an anode electrode, the outlet of the cold side of the waste heat boiler 9 is communicated with the inlet of the thermal power generation system 10, and the outlet of the thermal power generation system 10 is communicated with the inlet of the cold side of the waste heat boiler 9;
the outlet of the purification system 2 is connected with a preheater 3.
The outlet of the cold side of the preheater 3 is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber 6.
And the outlet of the cold side of the air preheater 5 is communicated with the gas inlet of the garbage gasification furnace 1.
The air entering the cathode of the fuel cell 6 is in excess with respect to the waste gasification gas entering the anode of the fuel cell 6.
The waste heat boiler 9 is a vertical waste heat boiler.
The waste heat boiler 11 is a horizontal waste heat boiler.
The preheater 3 is a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
The air compressor 4 is a multi-stage centrifugal or axial compressor.
A garbage disposal method based on fuel cell combined power generation comprises the following steps;
the feed water generates steam after passing through a waste heat boiler 11 and enters a garbage gasification furnace 1, air is pressurized by an air compressor 4 and then enters an air preheater 5 for preheating, the preheated air enters the garbage gasification furnace 1, garbage enters the garbage gasification furnace 1 to generate gasification reaction with the steam and the air, the generated garbage gasification gas enters a purification system 2, and ash residues are discharged from the lower part of the garbage gasification furnace 1;
the garbage gasified gas is purified by the purification system 2, preheated by the cold side of the preheater 3 and enters the anode of the fuel cell 6, the air is pressurized by the air compressor 4 and preheated by the air preheater 5 and enters the cathode of the fuel cell 6, the garbage gasified gas and the air react in the fuel cell 6, the reacted gas enters the combustion chamber 8 for combustion, if the content of combustible gas in the reacted garbage gasified gas is too low to support combustion, a part of the garbage gasified gas directly enters the combustor 8 from the cold side of the preheater 3 to ensure stable combustion in the combustor 8, the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the fuel cell 6 output electric power to the inverter 7, the combusted flue gas enters the hot side of the waste heat boiler 9 to heat the working medium on the cold side, the heated working medium returns to the thermal power generation system 10 to do work for power generation, and the working medium returns to the cold side of the waste heat boiler 9 to absorb heat, the flue gas discharged from the hot side of the waste heat boiler 9 enters the hot side of the waste heat boiler 11 to heat the feed water on the cold side to generate steam for the garbage gasifier 1 to use, the flue gas discharged from the hot side of the waste heat boiler 11 enters the hot side of the preheater 3 to preheat the garbage gasified gas, then enters the hot side of the air preheater 5 to preheat the air, and finally the tail gas is removed for treatment.
The garbage gasification gas is preheated to 450 ℃ by a preheater 3, and the air is pressurized to 3MPa by an air compressor 4 and preheated to 450 ℃ by an air preheater 5.
Preferably, the fuel cell 6 is a solid oxide fuel cell.
Preferably, the thermal power generation system 10 is a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle power generation system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the garbage treatment system and method based on fuel cell cogeneration, disclosed by the invention, gasify the municipal domestic garbage to generate a small amount of ash and slag during specific operation, so that the reduction of the garbage is realized, the gasification temperature is very high in the gasification process, the content of oxygen after reaction is very low, and the generation of dioxin can be reduced; after the unreacted combustible gas in the garbage gasified gas is combusted, the thermal power generation system generates power, when the combustible gas is insufficient, the garbage gasified gas can be led to the combustion chamber from the cold side of the preheater, the combustion is ensured, and the tail gas is used for preheating the garbage gasified gas and air, so that the garbage gasified gas and the air are fully utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a waste gasification furnace, 2 is a purification system, 3 is a preheater, 4 is an air compressor, 5 is an air preheater, 6 is a fuel cell, 7 is an inverter, 8 is a combustion chamber, 9 is a waste heat boiler, 10 is a thermal power generation system, and 11 is a waste heat boiler.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, after passing through a waste heat boiler 11, feed water generates steam of 3MPa and 234 ℃ and enters a waste gasification furnace 1, air is pressurized to 3MPa by an air compressor 4 and preheated to 450 ℃ by an air preheater 5 and enters the waste gasification furnace 1, waste enters the waste gasification furnace 1 to perform gasification reaction with the steam and the air, generated waste gasification gas enters a purification system 2, and ash is discharged from the lower part of the waste gasification furnace 1.
The garbage gasified gas is purified by the purification system 2, preheated to 450 ℃ through the cold side of the preheater 3, enters the anode of the fuel cell 6, the air is pressurized to 3MPa through the air compressor 4, preheated to 450 ℃ through the air preheater 5, enters the cathode of the fuel cell 6, the garbage gasified gas and the air react in the fuel cell 6, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode transmit electric power to the inverter 7, a certain amount of combustible gas still exists in the garbage gasified gas after the reaction, a certain amount of oxygen still exists in the air after the reaction, the garbage gasified gas and the air after the reaction enter the combustion chamber 8, the garbage gasified gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 8 to release heat, if the content of the combustible gas in the garbage gasified gas after the reaction is too low to support combustion, a part of the garbage gasified gas directly enters the combustor 8 from the cold side of the preheater 3, and stable combustion in the combustor 8 is ensured, the flue gas after burning gets into the hot side of exhaust-heat boiler 9, the working medium of heating the cold side, the working medium after the heating returns to thermal power generation system 10 and does work and generates electricity, the working medium after doing work returns to the cold side of exhaust-heat boiler 9 again and absorbs heat, the flue gas that the hot side of exhaust-heat boiler 9 discharges gets into the hot side of exhaust-heat boiler 11, the feedwater of heating the cold side, produce 3MPa, steam of 234 ℃, supply garbage gasification stove 1 to use, the flue gas that the hot side of exhaust-heat boiler 11 discharges gets into the hot side of preheater 3 and preheats the rubbish gasification gas, then get into the hot side of air preheater 5 and preheat air.
Claims (6)
1. A garbage disposal system based on fuel cell combined power generation is characterized by comprising a garbage gasification subsystem and a fuel cell combined power generation subsystem;
the waste gasification subsystem comprises a waste gasification furnace (1), a purification system (2) and a waste heat boiler (11), wherein a gas outlet of the waste gasification furnace (1) is communicated with an inlet of the purification system (2), and a cold side outlet of the waste heat boiler (11) is communicated with a gas inlet of the waste gasification furnace (1);
the fuel cell combined power generation subsystem comprises a preheater (3), a cold side outlet of the preheater (3) is communicated with an anode inlet of a fuel cell (6), an anode outlet of the fuel cell (6) is communicated with a combustion chamber (7), an outlet of an air compressor (4) is communicated with a cold side inlet of an air preheater (5), a cold side outlet of the air preheater (5) is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell (6) to enter, a cathode outlet of the fuel cell (6) is communicated with the combustion chamber (7), an outlet of the combustion chamber (8) is communicated with a hot side inlet of a waste heat boiler (9), a hot side outlet of the waste heat boiler (9) is communicated with a hot side inlet of a waste heat boiler (11), an outlet of the waste heat boiler (11) is communicated with the hot side inlet of the preheater (3), and an outlet of the hot side of the preheater (3) is communicated with the hot side inlet of, an anode electrode and a cathode electrode of the fuel cell 4 are communicated with an inverter (5), a cold side outlet of the waste heat boiler (9) is communicated with an inlet of a thermal power generation system (10), and an outlet of the thermal power generation system (10) is communicated with a cold side inlet of the waste heat boiler (9);
the outlet of the purification system (2) is connected with the preheater (3).
2. A fuel cell cogeneration-based waste disposal system according to claim 1, wherein said cold side outlet of said preheater (3) is in communication with the inlet of said combustor (6).
3. The fuel cell cogeneration-based waste disposal system of claim 1, wherein the cold side outlet of said air preheater (5) is in communication with the gas inlet of the waste gasifier (1).
4. A fuel cell cogeneration-based waste disposal system according to claim 1, wherein said air entering the cathode of said fuel cell (6) is in excess of the waste gasification gas entering the anode of said fuel cell (6).
5. A garbage disposal method based on fuel cell combined power generation is characterized by comprising the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps that water is fed into a waste heat boiler (11) to generate steam, the steam enters a garbage gasification furnace (1), air is pressurized by an air compressor (4) and then enters an air preheater (5) to be preheated, the preheated air enters the garbage gasification furnace (1), garbage enters the garbage gasification furnace (1) to be subjected to gasification reaction with the steam and the air, the generated garbage gasification gas enters a purification system (2), and ash residues are discharged from the lower part of the garbage gasification furnace (1);
garbage gasified gas is purified by a purification system (2), preheated by the cold side of a preheater (3) and enters the anode of a fuel cell (6), air is pressurized by an air compressor (4) and preheated by an air preheater (5) and enters the cathode of the fuel cell (6), the garbage gasified gas and the air react in the fuel cell (6), the reacted gas enters a combustion chamber (8) for combustion, if the content of combustible gas in the reacted garbage gasified gas is too low to support combustion, a part of the garbage gasified gas directly enters a combustor (8) from the cold side of the preheater (3) to ensure stable combustion in the combustor (8), the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the fuel cell (6) output electric power to an inverter (7), the combusted smoke gas enters a waste heat boiler (9) to heat working medium at the cold side, the heated working medium returns to a thermal power generation system (10) to act for power generation, working medium after acting returns to the cold side of the waste heat boiler (9) to absorb heat, flue gas exhausted from the hot side of the waste heat boiler (9) enters the hot side of the waste heat boiler (11) to heat water fed from the cold side, steam is generated to be used by the garbage gasification furnace (1), flue gas exhausted from the hot side of the waste heat boiler (11) enters the hot side of the preheater (3) to preheat garbage gasification gas, then enters the hot side of the air preheater (5) to preheat air, and finally tail gas is removed for treatment.
6. A method for waste disposal based on fuel cell cogeneration according to claim 6, wherein said waste gasification gas is preheated to 450 ℃ by a preheater (3), and air is pressurized to 3MPa by an air compressor (4) and preheated to 450 ℃ by an air preheater (5).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113046134A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-29 | 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 | Combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method based on dual fluidized bed gasification and fuel cell |
| CN113471492A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-01 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell power generation system and power generation method using solid waste synthesis gas |
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| CN113046134A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-29 | 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 | Combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method based on dual fluidized bed gasification and fuel cell |
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