CN111637762A - Automatic control method and system for air cooling condenser fan - Google Patents
Automatic control method and system for air cooling condenser fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN111637762A CN111637762A CN202010384324.5A CN202010384324A CN111637762A CN 111637762 A CN111637762 A CN 111637762A CN 202010384324 A CN202010384324 A CN 202010384324A CN 111637762 A CN111637762 A CN 111637762A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooled condenser, which comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic parameters of the working state of the air-cooled condenser; wherein the characteristic parameter is a temperature transition interface position or a temperature transition interface position deviation; the characteristic parameters are used as input signals, and the input signals are processed and converted into fan frequency signals, fan voltage signals or fan current signals to be used for executing fan closed-loop control until the fan frequency signals, the fan voltage signals or the fan current signals are matched with the target characteristic parameters. The system comprises an air-cooled condenser temperature transition interface capturing device, a signal conversion device and a control device; the air cooling condenser temperature transition interface capturing device comprises a temperature measuring element, a data acquisition device and a data processing device. The invention realizes the closed-loop control of the air cooling condenser fan by taking the characteristic parameter or the temperature parameter of the working state of the air cooling condenser as the input signal of the control system, achieves the purposes of optimizing the operation of the cold end, saving the power consumption of the fan and preventing the air cooling condenser from freezing, and simplifies the control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to an automatic control method and system for an air cooling condenser fan.
Background
The optimized operation of the cold end of the direct air cooling unit is an effective measure for reducing the coal consumption rate of power generation, and the key for realizing the optimized operation of the cold end lies in the automatic control of a fan of the air cooling condenser.
Factors related to the air-cooled condenser of the direct air-cooled unit, which affect the economy of the unit, are numerous, and especially, changes of some factors such as wind direction (including accidental transverse wind), after-furnace wind and the like are irregular and uncertain, so that the working state of the condenser is difficult to be given by one or more factors, and the working performance of the air-cooled condenser cannot be evaluated. And the loss of the on-line working state monitoring parameters of the air-cooling condenser leads to the incapability of realizing automatic control and fine optimization and adjustment of a fan of the air-cooling condenser. Therefore, the signal is taken as the input signal of the air-cooling condenser fan control system, and the reliable and accurate operation control is a fundamental problem which troubles the optimal operation of the air-cooling condenser fan.
In previous research and application, optimization of the cold end of the direct air cooling unit is mainly divided into two main categories, namely a test method and a model method. The testing method determines the optimal vacuum of the unit under specific load and environment temperature through tests according to a small amount of online data, and accordingly establishes a fan operation control method and a fan operation control strategy. Because the test can only be carried out under individual working conditions and parameter conditions, when the actual operation working conditions are inconsistent with the test working conditions, the guiding significance of the test results is weakened, and even the function cannot be played; moreover, the factors considered in the test are limited, and most of cold end factors influencing the unit economy cannot be included, so that the conclusion is difficult to be used for refining and optimizing the operation.
The modeling method is generally to construct an optimal backpressure calculation model of the unit, and consider various factors to guide the cold end to operate optimally. For example, a unit back pressure optimization model influenced by the steam condensation amount, the air temperature, the fan rotating speed and the dirt of the finned tube is established; obtaining an economic backpressure curve model of the unit by calculating the micro-increase output characteristic of the unit and the micro-increase output characteristic of the power consumption of the fan; establishing a backpressure mathematical model of the air cooling unit by using optimization algorithms such as particle swarm and neural network, and considering the influence of load, environment temperature, fan rotating speed, finned tube cleanliness and vacuumizing device performance on backpressure; and establishing an air outlet temperature distribution prediction model of the air cooling island to adjust the frequency of the fan. Because some parameters in the model can not be measured, such as the steam condensation amount, the fin cleanliness and the like, and some parameters have interactive influence, such as the steam condensation amount, the unit load and initial and final parameters, the current model is usually complex, the practicability is not high, the accuracy is not enough, and the control system is very complex. In addition to the above factors, the heat exchange performance of the air-cooled condenser is affected by the transverse wind, the air after the furnace, the wind direction change and the like in the actual operation, which cannot be solved by either a test method or a model method.
In addition to experimental and modeling methods, in recent years, the air-cooled condenser temperature field has been measured to monitor its winter operation and prevent freezing of the air-cooled condenser. The temperature field of the air-cooled condenser is measured by mainly adopting an infrared imaging technology and a digital chip temperature measurement technology. However, due to the limitation of equipment arrangement and measurement accuracy, most of the devices are only used for anti-freezing monitoring, and the temperature cannot be used for closed-loop control of the fan.
Therefore, the state monitoring parameters of the air-cooled condenser are searched, a simple optimized operation model and algorithm for controlling the fan of the air-cooled condenser are constructed, the structure of a control system is simplified, and the method has great significance for realizing closed-loop control and optimized operation of the fan of the air-cooled condenser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic control method and system for an air-cooled condenser fan, which realize closed-loop control of the fan by taking a characteristic parameter or a temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooled condenser as an input signal of a control system so as to achieve the purposes of optimizing operation of a cold end and saving power consumption of the fan.
The invention provides an automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooled condenser, which comprises the following steps:
and 2, taking the characteristic parameters as input signals, and converting the input signals into fan frequency signals, fan voltage signals or fan current signals through processing to execute fan closed-loop control until the characteristic parameters are matched with target characteristic parameters.
Further, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in the step 1 includes:
the position of a temperature transition interface is determined by comparing the difference value of measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in a countercurrent region:
when the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in the countercurrent region is obviously larger than the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements, the position of the temperature transition interface is judged to be between the two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements; and when the measured data of the temperature measuring element at the lower part of the downstream area is close to the ambient temperature or is lower than the steam temperature by at least 5 ℃, determining that the temperature transition interface position is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
Further, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in the step 1 includes:
and determining the position of the temperature transition interface by comparing the temperature difference between different measuring points:
when the temperature difference between a downstream area measuring point and any height measuring point of a countercurrent area exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is between the most upstream position and the adjacent upstream position along the steam flowing direction in the air-cooled condenser in all the positions of which the temperature difference between the downstream area measuring point and the countercurrent area measuring point exceeds the set value;
and when the difference value between the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the lower part of the downstream area and the temperature of the steam in the steam distribution pipe exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
Further, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in the step 1 includes:
and acquiring an image based on the temperature field of the air-cooled condenser measured by the thermal infrared imager, and determining the position where the color changes rapidly as a temperature transition interface according to the obvious difference of the upstream and downstream colors of the image.
Further, the control strategy with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in step 2 comprises:
when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface target position, increasing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; and the target position of the temperature transition interface is positioned between the downstream of the position 2m from the steam side outlet of the forward flow area of the air-cooled condenser and the steam side outlet of the countercurrent area. Further, the control strategy with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in step 2 further includes:
and when the temperature transition interface position is positioned in the countercurrent region, the output of one or more fans is adjusted.
The invention also provides an automatic control method of the air cooling condenser fan, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), acquiring a temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooled condenser; the temperature parameters comprise the difference between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature, the difference between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature, the difference between the temperature of condensed water and the temperature of steam, the difference between the temperature of steam and the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature, the temperature of the air side outlet at the lower part of the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region;
and 2) taking at least one of the temperature parameters as an input signal, and converting the input signal into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal through processing so as to execute fan closed-loop control until the input signal is matched with a target temperature parameter.
Further, the control strategy in step 2) with the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the reverse flow region or the forward flow region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature as the input signal comprises:
when the difference value between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is smaller than a set low value, reducing the power of the fan; when the difference value between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is larger than a set high value, increasing the power of the fan; and when the difference value between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is between a set low value and a set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
Further, the control strategy in step 2) with the difference between the air-cooling condenser air-extraction temperature and the ambient temperature as the input signal includes:
when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is smaller than a set low value, reducing the fan power; when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is greater than a set high value, increasing the fan power; and when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
Further, the control strategy with the air-cooled condenser exhaust temperature as an input signal in the step 2) comprises:
when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is lower than a set low value, reducing the fan power; when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is higher than a set high value, increasing the fan power; and when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
Further, the control strategy in step 2) with the air-side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser as an input signal comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the air side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is lower than a set low value, reducing the power of the fan; when the temperature of the air side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is higher than a set high value, increasing the power of the fan; and when the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser is between a set low value and a set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
The invention also provides an automatic control system of the air cooling condenser fan, which comprises an air cooling condenser temperature transition interface capturing device, a signal conversion device and a control device; the condenser temperature transition interface capturing device comprises a temperature measuring element, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the temperature measuring element is arranged on the air outlet side of the air-cooled condenser and spans a forward flow region and a reverse flow region; the temperature measuring element, the data acquisition device, the data processing device, the signal conversion device and the control device are sequentially connected, and the control device is connected with a fan of the air-cooled condenser;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring temperature measurement data of the temperature measurement element and transmitting the temperature measurement data to the data processing device;
the data processing device is used for acquiring temperature transition interface position information according to the temperature measurement data and transmitting the temperature transition interface position information to the signal conversion device;
the signal conversion device is used for converting the temperature conversion interface position information into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal and transmitting the converted signal to the control device;
the control device is used for executing the following fan closed-loop control strategies by taking the fan frequency signal, the fan voltage signal or the fan current signal output by the signal conversion device as an input signal:
when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; and when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface target position, increasing the fan output until the deviation of the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value.
By means of the scheme, the characteristic parameter or the temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooling condenser is used as the input signal of the control system through the automatic control method and the automatic control system for the fan of the air-cooling condenser, closed-loop control of the fan of the air-cooling condenser is achieved, the problem that the fan of the air-cooling condenser cannot be automatically controlled in a closed-loop mode all the time is solved, a control model and a control system structure are simplified, investment and operation difficulty are reduced, control precision and reliability of the fan of the air-cooling condenser are improved, and the purposes of cold end optimization operation, fan power consumption saving and freezing prevention of the air-cooling condenser.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooled condenser according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of an automatic control method for an air-cooled condenser fan according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic control system for a fan of an air-cooled condenser according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of four typical positions of a temperature transition interface in an automatic control system of an air-cooled condenser fan according to the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures:
1-steam distribution pipes; 2-a down-flow zone; 3-a countercurrent zone; 4-an air exhaust pipeline; 5-a condensate pipeline; 6-a temperature measuring element; 7-temperature transition interface position; 8-a fan; 9-temperature transition interface target location; 10-a data acquisition device; 11-a data processing device; 12-signal conversion means; 13-control means.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooled condenser, including:
step S11, acquiring characteristic parameters of the working state of the air-cooled condenser; wherein the characteristic parameter is a temperature transition interface position or a temperature transition interface position deviation (a distance difference between the temperature transition interface position and a specific position);
and step S12, the characteristic parameters are used as input signals, and the input signals are processed and converted into fan frequency signals, fan voltage signals or fan current signals to be used for executing fan closed-loop control until the fan frequency signals, the fan voltage signals or the fan current signals are matched with the target characteristic parameters.
In the embodiment, the temperature transition interface refers to a temperature rapid change area existing at a position of the finned tube of the air-cooling condenser, and along the steam flow direction in the finned tube and at the upstream of the area, the steam temperature in the finned tube is close to the saturation temperature and is basically unchanged; downstream of the zone, the temperature of the steam in the finned tubes is close to the ambient temperature and is also kept basically unchanged; the distance from the inlet to the outlet of the zone along the length of the finned tube is very short, and the temperature is rapidly reduced from the near steam saturation temperature at the upstream to the near ambient air temperature at the downstream of the zone, so that the temperature gradient is very large. This region is referred to herein as the temperature transition interface in view of the very short distance along the axial direction of the finned tube. The position of the temperature transition interface changes along with the change of the heat exchange condition of the air-cooled condenser, directly reflects the heat exchange state of the air-cooled condenser, and is a very important state characteristic parameter. In the embodiment, the actual position of the temperature transition interface is used as an input signal of the fan control system, the fan output can be controlled to adjust the temperature transition interface to an ideal target position, and the closed-loop control of the air cooling condenser fan is realized, so that the aims of optimizing the operation of the cold end and saving the power consumption of the fan are fulfilled.
In this embodiment, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in step S11 includes:
the position of a temperature transition interface is determined by comparing the difference value of measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in a countercurrent region:
when the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in the countercurrent region is obviously larger than the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements, the position of the temperature transition interface is judged to be between the two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements; and when the measured data of the temperature measuring element at the lower part of the downstream area is close to the ambient temperature, judging that the temperature transition interface is positioned at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
In this embodiment, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in step S11 may further include:
and determining the position of the temperature transition interface by comparing the temperature difference between different measuring points:
when the temperature difference between the downstream area measuring point and any one of the high countercurrent area measuring points exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is between the most upstream position and the adjacent upstream position along the steam flowing direction in the air-cooled condenser in all the positions where the temperature difference between the downstream area measuring point and the countercurrent area measuring point exceeds the set value;
and when the difference value between the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the lower part of the downstream area and the temperature of the steam in the steam distribution pipe exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
In a specific example, when a thermocouple, a thermal resistor or a digital chip temperature measuring element is used for measuring temperature, according to the upstream and downstream temperature distribution rule of the temperature transition interface, by comparing the temperature difference between the downstream flow region measuring point and any high upstream flow region measuring point, when the temperature difference exceeds t (such as 3 ℃), the upstream flow region measuring point can be considered to be positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface. And in all the positions with the temperature difference between the measuring point of the forward flow area and the measuring point of the reverse flow area exceeding t (3 ℃), the position at the most upstream along the steam flowing direction in the air cooling condenser and the upstream position adjacent to the position are respectively positioned at the downstream and the upstream of the temperature transition interface, so that the temperature transition interface can be determined to be positioned between the upstream and the downstream of the temperature transition interface. The temperature difference can also be the difference between the steam temperature in the steam distribution pipe and the temperature of a measuring point in a countercurrent region; and when the temperature measured by the temperature measuring device at the lower part of the downstream area is different from the steam temperature in the steam distribution pipe by more than t (3 ℃), determining that the temperature transition interface is positioned at the lower part of the downstream area.
In this embodiment, the method for acquiring the temperature transition interface position in step S11 may further include:
and acquiring an image based on the temperature field of the outlet of the air cooling island measured by the thermal infrared imager, and determining the position where the color changes rapidly as a temperature transition interface according to the obvious difference of the upstream and downstream colors of the image.
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step S12 with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal includes:
when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface target position, increasing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; and the target position of the temperature transition interface is positioned between the downstream of the position 2m from the steam side outlet of the forward flow area of the air-cooled condenser and the steam side outlet of the countercurrent area. .
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step S12 with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal further includes:
and when the temperature transition interface position is positioned in the countercurrent region, the output of one or more fans is adjusted.
Referring to fig. 2, in another embodiment, an automatic control method for an air cooling condenser fan includes:
step S21, acquiring a temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooling condenser; the temperature parameters comprise the difference between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature, the difference between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature, the difference between the temperature of condensed water and the temperature of steam, the difference between the temperature of steam and the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature, the temperature of the air side outlet at the lower part of the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region;
and step S22, taking at least one of the temperature parameters as an input signal, and converting the input signal into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal through processing to execute fan closed-loop control until the input signal is matched with the target temperature parameter.
In the embodiment, the temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooling condenser is used as the input signal of the control system to realize the closed-loop control of the fan, and the purposes of optimizing the operation of the cold end, saving the power consumption of the fan and preventing the air-cooling condenser from freezing can be achieved.
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step S22, which takes the difference between the air-side outlet temperature of the reverse flow region or forward flow region of the air-cooling condenser and the ambient temperature as the input signal, includes:
when the difference between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is less than a set low value (such as 3 ℃), reducing the power of the fan; when the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is greater than a set high value (such as 8 ℃), increasing the power of the fan; and when the difference value between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is between a set low value and a set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged. In order to improve the accuracy of control, two groups of temperature difference signals can be adopted at the same time.
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step S22 with the difference between the air-cooled condenser extraction temperature and the ambient temperature as the input signal includes:
when the difference between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is less than a set low value (such as 25 ℃), reducing the fan power; when the difference between the air-cooled condenser air extraction temperature and the ambient temperature is larger than a set high value (such as 40 ℃), increasing the fan power; and when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged. The ambient temperature can be replaced by the air temperature at the fan outlet of the air cooling condenser or the air temperature around the air cooling island.
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step 22 with the air-cooled condenser extraction temperature as an input signal includes:
when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is lower than a set low value (such as 28 ℃), reducing the fan power; when the air-cooled condenser air extraction temperature is higher than a set high value (such as 42 ℃), increasing the fan power; and when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
In this embodiment, the control strategy in step 22 with the air-side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser as an input signal includes:
when the temperature transition interface of the air-cooled condenser is positioned at the upstream of the target position, reducing the power of the fan; when the temperature transition interface of the air-cooled condenser is positioned at the downstream of the target position, increasing the power of the fan; and when the temperature transition interface of the air cooling condenser is positioned at the target position, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
It should be noted that, since the steam inside the air-cooled condenser is wet steam whose temperature is substantially constant during condensation, the difference between the temperature of the steam inside the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is substantially constant, which is equal to the sum of the difference between the temperature of the steam inside the air-cooled condenser and the temperature of the air-cooled condenser at the air side outlet and the difference between the temperature of the steam inside the air-cooled condenser and the temperature of the air-cooled condenser at the air side outlet, at the upstream of the temperature transition interface. Therefore, the difference between the steam temperature and the ambient temperature is taken as a signal, the difference between the steam temperature and the air exhaust temperature is taken as a signal, the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is taken as a signal, and the difference between the steam temperature and the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser is taken as a signal.
In addition, the air extraction temperature or the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser is used as an input parameter to control the fan, and a control strategy formulated by comparing the difference between the air extraction temperature and the steam temperature or comparing the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature, the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the steam temperature, the deviation between the position of a temperature transition interface and a target position and the like is also utilized to realize the closed-loop control of the fan by utilizing the principle that the difference between the upstream temperature and the downstream temperature of the temperature transition interface is obvious.
Similarly, because the steam inside the air-cooled condenser is wet steam, the pressure and the temperature of the steam are in one-to-one correspondence, the steam pressure can be converted into the steam temperature, and the same purpose can be achieved by replacing the directly measured steam temperature, and the detailed description is omitted here.
Referring to fig. 3, an automatic control system for a fan of an air-cooled condenser comprises a temperature transition interface capturing device of the air-cooled condenser, a signal conversion device 12 and a control device 13; the air-cooled condenser mainly comprises a steam distribution pipe 1, a downstream area 2 consisting of finned pipes, a counter-flow area 3 consisting of finned pipes, a condensed water pipeline 5, an air exhaust pipeline 4 and a fan 8.
The condenser temperature transition interface capturing device comprises a temperature measuring element 6, a data acquisition device 10 and a data processing device 11, wherein the temperature measuring element 6 is arranged on the air side outlet side of the air-cooled condenser and crosses the forward flow area 2 and the reverse flow area 3; the temperature measuring element 6, the data acquisition device 10, the data processing device 11, the signal conversion device 12 and the control device 13 are sequentially connected, and the control device 13 is connected with the fan 8 of the air-cooled condenser;
the data acquisition device 10 is used for acquiring temperature measurement data of the temperature measuring element 6 and transmitting the temperature measurement data to the data processing device 11;
the data processing device 11 is used for acquiring the information of the temperature transition interface position 7 according to the temperature measurement data and transmitting the information of the temperature transition interface position 7 to the signal conversion device 12;
the signal conversion device 12 is used for converting the temperature conversion interface position 7 information into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal and transmitting the converted signal to the control device 13;
the control device 13 is used for executing the following fan closed-loop control strategy by adjusting the frequency of the fan 8 by taking the converted temperature transition interface position 7 signal as an input signal:
when the temperature transition interface position 7 is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position 9, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position 7 and the temperature transition interface target position 9 is less than a set value; when the temperature transition interface location 7 is downstream of the temperature transition interface target location 9, the fan output is increased until the deviation of the temperature transition interface 7 from the temperature transition interface target location 9 is less than the set value. The temperature transition interface target position 9 is positioned between the downstream of the steam side outlet 2m position of the forward flow area 2 of the air-cooled condenser and the steam side outlet of the countercurrent area.
Through the automatic control system for the air-cooling condenser fan, the fan output can be controlled to adjust the temperature transition interface to an ideal target position, and the closed-loop control of the air-cooling condenser fan is realized, so that the purposes of optimally operating the cold end and saving the power consumption of the fan are achieved.
Referring to fig. 4, on the air side, external air is driven by an air-cooled condenser fan 8 to exchange heat with the condenser downstream flow region 2 and the condenser upstream flow region 3, the external air is heated, and steam in the condenser is cooled; on the steam side, the steam turbine exhaust steam enters the forward flow area 2 of the air cooling condenser through the steam distribution pipe 1, the steam is cooled and condensed into condensed water by external air, the condensed water and uncondensed steam flow downwards in the same direction and enter the condensed water pipeline 5 on the lower part, and the uncondensed steam enter the reverse flow area 3 together. In the countercurrent region 3, the steam is continuously cooled by the outside air and is continuously cooled and condensed into condensed water, the condensed water flows downwards into a condensed water pipeline 5 under the action of gravity, and the residual non-condensed gas and a small amount of steam enter an upper air extraction pipeline 4 and are extracted. When the frequency of the fan 8 is high and the power consumption is high, steam in the air-cooled condenser can be condensed at the bottom inlet of the countercurrent zone 3 and even at the middle-lower part of the concurrent zone 2, under the condition, a large part of energy consumed by the fan 8 is wasted, and part of air output by the fan cannot play an essential cooling role, so that the energy is not saved; in addition, when the ambient temperature is low, the inside of the air-cooled condenser is easy to freeze and damage.
During condensation of the vapor, four different locations of the temperature transition interface location 7 occur:
and 7-1 shows that when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the top of the countercurrent region 3, namely, downstream (in the flow direction of internal steam) of the temperature transition interface target position 9, the frequency of a fan of the air-cooling condenser needs to be increased at the moment so as to enhance the heat exchange between the steam in the air-cooling condenser and the external air, and the temperature transition interface position is adjusted back to the temperature transition interface target position 9. At this time, the fan frequency of all the air-cooled condensers can be increased (for example, 2 Hz); or increasing a certain frequency (for example: 5Hz) for all the countercurrent fans, and keeping the frequency of the downstream fan unchanged; or the fans of all the air-cooled condensers of the unit are adjusted in a differentiation mode.
And 7-2 shows that the air-cooled condenser is in a safe and economic state when the temperature transition interface position is positioned in the middle of the countercurrent region 3 and just inside the temperature transition interface target position 9. At this time, the fan frequency of all air-cooled condensers is recommended to be kept unchanged.
And 7-3 shows that the frequency of the fan 8 of the air-cooled condenser is larger and is in an under-energy-saving state when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the bottom of the countercurrent region 3, namely the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position 9. At this point, it is recommended to turn down the frequency of all counter-flow fans (e.g., 3 Hz); or all fans may be adjusted synchronously or differentially.
And 7-4 shows that the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the bottom of the forward flow area 2, which shows that the energy-saving space of the air cooling island is larger at the moment. At this time, it is recommended that the fan frequency of all the air-cooled condensers be reduced (for example, 5 Hz); or the fans of all the air-cooled condensers are adjusted in a differentiation mode (for example, the forward flow fan is adjusted to be lower by 3Hz, and the reverse flow fan is adjusted to be lower by 10 Hz).
The adjustment strategy aims at the air cooling condenser fan under the conditions that the unit load is stable and the environmental change is not large. When the load of the unit is changed rapidly or the environment is changed suddenly, the adjustment strategy of the air cooling condenser fan is adjusted rapidly according to the actual situation so as to meet the requirements of the unit on safety and economy.
For the scheme of realizing the closed-loop control of the fan by taking the temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooling condenser as the input signal of the control system, a corresponding automatic fan control system can be constructed by adding corresponding temperature measuring points on the basis of the control system shown in FIG. 3, so that a legend is not provided independently. For example:
1. the fan control system takes the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooling condenser and the ambient temperature as an input signal:
the data acquisition device 10 acquires the reading of the temperature measuring element 6 and the reading of the environment temperature measuring point, then the readings are sent to the data processing device 11, and in the data processing device 11, the difference delta t between the temperature mean value of the measuring point at the downstream (upper part of the countercurrent zone 3) of the temperature transition interface target position 9 and the reading of the environment temperature measuring point is calculated1And simultaneously calculating the reading difference value delta t of the steam temperature measuring point and the environment temperature measuring point2On the basis of this, Δ t is calculated1And Δ t2The ratio k is sent to the signal conversion device 12, the signal conversion device 12 converts an instruction according to the value of k, when k is less than or equal to 0.05, the signal conversion device 12 sends a signal 5 × (1-k) Hz for reducing the fan frequency to the control device 13, when k is more than 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.40, the signal conversion device 12 sends a signal 0Hz for changing the fan frequency to the control device 13, when k is more than 0.40, the signal conversion device 12 sends a signal 5 × kHz for increasing the fan frequency to the control device 13, and the control device 13 controls the fan 8 to operate according to the received fan frequency change signal.
In the system, the temperature difference signal can also be replaced by the difference value between the reading mean value of the temperature measuring element at the target position 9 of the temperature transition interface and the ambient temperature; or the difference value between the reading of the steam temperature measuring point and the average value of the reading of the temperature measuring element at the temperature transition interface target position 9 can be used for replacing the reading; the difference between the mean of the temperature sensing element readings at the target location 9 of the temperature transition interface and the mean of the temperature sensing element readings downstream of the target location 9 of the temperature transition interface may be substituted. Because the steam in the air-cooled condenser is wet steam, and the pressure and the temperature of the steam have one-to-one correspondence, the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure. The temperature measuring element 6 can also be arranged both above the counterflow zone 3 and below the counterflow zone 2.
2. The fan control system takes the difference between the steam temperature and the air exhaust temperature of the air-cooling condenser as an input signal:
the data acquisition device 10 acquires the readings of the temperature measuring elements and the readings of the steam temperature measuring points on the air-cooling condenser air exhaust pipeline 4, then the readings are sent to the data processing device 11, and the difference delta t between the readings of the steam temperature measuring points and the readings of the air exhaust temperature measuring points is calculated in the data processing device 113And simultaneously calculating the difference value delta t between the reading of the steam temperature measuring point and the reading of the environment temperature measuring point2On the basis of this, Δ t is calculated3And Δ t2Ratio k of1And the ratio k is determined1Sent to a signal conversion device 12, the signal conversion device 12 is based on k1Value size conversion instruction when k1When the frequency is less than or equal to 0.25, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency increasing signal 5 × (1-k) to the control device 131) Hz; when k is more than 0.251When the frequency is less than or equal to 0.45, the signal conversion device 12 sends a signal for changing the fan frequency to the control device 13, wherein the signal is 0 Hz; when k is1When the frequency is higher than 0.45, the signal conversion device 12 sends a fan frequency reducing signal 5 × k to the control device 131Hz; the control device 13 controls the operation of the fan 8 according to the received fan frequency change signal.
In the system, the temperature difference signal can also be replaced by the difference value between the reading of the air exhaust temperature measuring point and the ambient temperature. Because the steam in the air-cooled condenser is wet steam, and the pressure and the temperature of the steam have one-to-one correspondence, the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure.
In the system, the reading of the bleed temperature measurement point can also be used as an input signal. Because the steam in the air-cooled condenser is wet steam, and the pressure and the temperature of the steam have one-to-one correspondence, the steam temperature can also be obtained by converting the steam pressure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. An automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooling condenser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring characteristic parameters of the working state of the air-cooled condenser; wherein the characteristic parameter is a temperature transition interface position or a temperature transition interface position deviation;
and 2, taking the characteristic parameters as input signals, and converting the input signals into fan frequency signals, fan voltage signals or fan current signals through processing to execute fan closed-loop control until the characteristic parameters are matched with target characteristic parameters.
2. The automatic control method of the air-cooled condenser fan according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the temperature transition interface position in step 1 comprises:
the position of a temperature transition interface is determined by comparing the difference value of measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in a countercurrent region:
when the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements in the countercurrent region is obviously larger than the difference value of the measured data of two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements, the position of the temperature transition interface is judged to be between the two adjacent rows of temperature measuring elements; and when the measured data of the temperature measuring element at the lower part of the downstream area is close to the ambient temperature or is lower than the steam temperature by at least 5 ℃, determining that the temperature transition interface position is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
3. The automatic control method of the air-cooled condenser fan according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the temperature transition interface position in step 1 comprises:
and determining the position of the temperature transition interface by comparing the temperature difference between different measuring points:
when the temperature difference between a downstream area measuring point and any height measuring point of a countercurrent area exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is between the most upstream position and the adjacent upstream position along the steam flowing direction in the air-cooled condenser in all the positions of which the temperature difference between the downstream area measuring point and the countercurrent area measuring point exceeds the set value;
and when the difference value between the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the lower part of the downstream area and the temperature of the steam in the steam distribution pipe exceeds a set value, judging that the temperature transition interface position is at the steam side outlet position of the downstream area.
4. The automatic control method of the air-cooled condenser fan according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the temperature transition interface position in step 1 comprises:
and acquiring an image based on the temperature field of the air-cooled condenser measured by the thermal infrared imager, and determining the position where the color changes rapidly as a temperature transition interface according to the obvious difference of the upstream and downstream colors of the image.
5. The automatic control method for the fan of the air-cooling condenser according to claim 1, wherein the control strategy with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in the step 2 comprises:
when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface target position, increasing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; and the target position of the temperature transition interface is positioned between the downstream of the position 2m from the steam side outlet of the forward flow area of the air-cooled condenser and the steam side outlet of the countercurrent area.
6. The automatic control method for the fan of the air-cooled condenser according to claim 5, wherein the control strategy with the temperature transition interface position as an input signal in the step 2 further comprises:
and when the temperature transition interface position is positioned in the countercurrent region, the output of one or more fans is adjusted.
7. An automatic control method for a fan of an air-cooling condenser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), acquiring a temperature parameter of the working state of the air-cooled condenser; the temperature parameters comprise the difference between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature, the difference between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature, the difference between the temperature of condensed water and the temperature of steam, the difference between the temperature of steam and the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature, the temperature of the air side outlet at the lower part of the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region;
and 2) taking at least one of the temperature parameters as an input signal, and converting the input signal into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal through processing so as to execute fan closed-loop control until the input signal is matched with a target temperature parameter.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the control strategy in step 2) using the difference between the air side outlet temperature of the reverse flow region or forward flow region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature as the input signal comprises:
when the difference value between the temperature of the air side outlet of the countercurrent region or the cocurrent region of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is smaller than a set low value, reducing the power of the fan; when the difference value between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is larger than a set high value, increasing the power of the fan; and when the difference value between the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser and the ambient temperature is between a set low value and a set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the control strategy in step 2) using the difference between the air-cooled condenser extraction temperature and the ambient temperature as an input signal comprises:
when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is smaller than a set low value, reducing the fan power; when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is greater than a set high value, increasing the fan power; and when the difference value between the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature and the ambient temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the control strategy in step 2) with the air-cooled condenser extraction temperature as an input signal comprises:
when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is lower than a set low value, reducing the fan power; when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is higher than a set high value, increasing the fan power; and when the air-cooled condenser air exhaust temperature is between the set low value and the set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the control strategy in step 2) with the air-side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser as an input signal comprises:
when the temperature of the air side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is lower than a set low value, reducing the power of the fan; when the temperature of the air side outlet of the air-cooled condenser is higher than a set high value, increasing the power of the fan; and when the air side outlet temperature of the air-cooled condenser is between a set low value and a set high value, maintaining the power of the fan unchanged.
12. An automatic control system for a fan of an air-cooling condenser is characterized by comprising a temperature transition interface capturing device of the air-cooling condenser, a signal conversion device and a control device; the condenser temperature transition interface capturing device comprises a temperature measuring element, a data acquisition device and a data processing device, wherein the temperature measuring element, the data acquisition device and the data processing device are arranged at an air side outlet of the air-cooled condenser and cross a forward flow region and a reverse flow region; the temperature measuring element, the data acquisition device, the data processing device, the signal conversion device and the control device are sequentially connected, and the control device is connected with a fan of the air-cooled condenser;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring temperature measurement data of the temperature measurement element and transmitting the temperature measurement data to the data processing device;
the data processing device is used for acquiring temperature transition interface position information according to the temperature measurement data and transmitting the temperature transition interface position information to the signal conversion device;
the signal conversion device is used for converting the temperature conversion interface position information into a fan frequency signal, a fan voltage signal or a fan current signal and transmitting the converted signal to the control device;
the control device is used for executing the following fan closed-loop control strategies by taking the fan frequency signal, the fan voltage signal or the fan current signal output by the signal conversion device as an input signal:
when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the upstream of the temperature transition interface target position, reducing the fan output until the deviation between the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value; and when the temperature transition interface position is positioned at the downstream of the temperature transition interface target position, increasing the fan output until the deviation of the temperature transition interface position and the temperature transition interface target position is less than a set value.
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| CN202010384324.5A CN111637762A (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2020-05-07 | Automatic control method and system for air cooling condenser fan |
| PCT/CN2020/126613 WO2021223387A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2020-11-05 | Automatic control method and system for air cooling condenser fan |
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