CN111635412B - 一种检测镉离子和汞离子的多功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种检测镉离子和汞离子的多功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含氨乙基硫醚和羟基久洛尼定基团的罗丹明B衍生物、制备方法及其应用。该罗丹明B衍生物在与镉离子和汞离子螯合时,可通过光诱导电子转移‑螯合‑增强荧光‑荧光共振能量转移过程发生特征荧光、紫外谱峰的增强,从而选择性识别镉离子和汞离子。该方法非常快速和高度选择性,抗其他金属离子干扰能力强,检测限低。镉离子:荧光检测限为9.32×10‑9M,紫外检测限为6.57×10‑9M。汞离子:荧光检测限为7.92×10‑8M,紫外检测限为6.34×10‑ 8M。本发明探针的合成只需要两步就可以完成,后处理过程简单,在环境分析和检测领域有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
一个智能探针,将多个离子的高选择性分子识别转换为易于检测的信号,在目前的情况下是非常有吸引力的。生物活性和环境相关阳离子可视化技术在生物医学分析和环境监测中具有非常重要的意义。电感耦合等离子体质谱/原子发射光谱、原子吸收光谱、比色法、分光度法和伏安法等技术一般需要复杂昂贵的设备、繁琐耗时的样品制备程序和训练有素的操作人员。相反,荧光光谱对于提供瞬时检测、视觉感知和不包括样品预处理的廉价方法非常有用。一个单一的探针能够感知多个离子是成本效益和高度可取的实际应用。特别是,通过光诱导电子转移-螯合增强荧光-荧光共振能量转移(PET-CHEF-FRET)过程,选择性和特异性地检测和区分周期表中属于同一组的元素的探针,要求很高,而且很难达到,因为它通过内置校正,以不同波长的发射强度的信号比,排除了pH、极性、探针浓度和激发功率等不利的环境影响。
在有毒物质和疾病登记署和美国环境保护署编制的优先名单中,Cd在前20名危险物质中占据第七位。世界卫生组织允许饮用水中最多含有3ppb Cd2+。从Ni-Cd电池、磷肥、颜料和半导体量子点/棒中释放出的镉会导致肾功能障碍、钙代谢障碍、肺容量降低、癌症风险和健康障碍。因此,环境和生物样品中微量Cd的测定具有重要意义。最后,众所周知,汞会损害肾脏、皮肤、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统和其他器官。在文献中观察到,大多数与这些阳离子相关的探针要么检测到一种阳离子,要么检测到双阳离子。此外,很少有荧光探针检测和鉴别Zn离子和Cd离子在大多数情况下,Cd2+干扰Zn2+的传感。一种简单的开关探针,用于检测Zn2+和Cd2+的限制,如发射波长的窄差(Zn2+572nm和Cd2+565nm)和低检出限。一种氨基三吡啶基探针检测Zn2+和Cd2+,发射强度在535nm处逐渐增强,但未能区分Zn2+和Cd2+。报道了一种用于Zn2+Cd2+和Hg2+的转荧光探针,该探针也未能区分它们。值得注意的是,转换成化学编码分析(输入)到光信号,(输出)是现代非常规计算系统中一个有趣的研究领域,它要求我们使用我们目前的探针构建一个科学的逻辑门。
罗丹明衍生物具有优良的光物理性质:高量子产率,光稳定性,生物利用度,激发和发射在可见区域,在螯合金属离子时,经历一个非荧光“螺内酰胺环”和荧光“环开”形式之间的平衡过程,以允许分析物传感通过“关闭-打开”开关。据报告,一个智能探针选择性地检测和区分Cd2+和Hg2+,在紫外光和可见光下利用其显著不同的发射波长和吸引眼球的颜色。
发明内容
本发明是要解决现有单独识别镉离子和汞离子的探针合成步骤繁琐,选择性以及敏感性较低的问题,提供一种识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
本发明识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针为罗丹明B,氨乙基硫醚缩合物与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛的共价结合体,所述双功能荧光探针的结构式如下:
本发明识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一、罗丹明B与氨乙基硫醚反应得到化合物1:
将罗丹明B与氨乙基硫醚溶于30mL溶剂中,在上述溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),其中罗丹明B与氨乙基硫醚的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶6,罗丹明B与N,N-二异丙基乙胺的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶10室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在40~80℃下加热回流5~48h。用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后,旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到化合物1。所述溶剂为二氯甲烷(DCM)、三氯甲烷或甲醇中的一种。
化合物1的H1核磁NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)
δ:1.158-1.18(t,12H),2.18-2.21(t,2H),2.69-2.72(t,2H),2.95-2.98(t,2H),3.31-3.36(m,10H),6.19-6.21(d,2H),6.23-6.29(d,2H),6.37-6.43(m,4H),7.08-7.10(m,1H),7.44-7.46(m,2H),7.88-7.90(m,1H)
二、将步骤一得到的化合物1与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛反应得到产物探针1:
将化合物1与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛加入甲醇中,其中化合物,1与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛的摩尔比为1∶0.8~1∶3,加热回流,加热温度为50~85℃,反应2~24h,用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1。
本发明双功能荧光探针在重金属离子检测中的应用。用于水环境体系中对镉离子与汞离子的含量传感检测;所述的传感检测包含荧光检测,紫外比率检测、目视定性检测。
本发明的有益效果:
1)探针的合成只需要两步就可以完成,且原料经济,后处理过程简单;
2)本发明实现了探针既可识别镉离子又可对汞离子的传感检测,并且选择性好,抗其他金属离子干扰能力强,检测限低。镉离子:荧光检测限为9.32×10-9M,紫外检测限为6.57×10-9M。汞离子:荧光检测限为7.92×10-8M,紫外检测限为6.34×10-8M。
此外,在紫外灯下就可以观察到荧光颜色变化,是一种具有识别镉离子及汞离子两种重金属离子的荧光探针。本发明的双功能荧光探针在20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH7.4,N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N′-2-乙磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液中呈现较弱的黄绿色荧光,所述荧光探针1与镉离子与汞离子作用后,由于螯合导致荧光增强和荧光峰的移动来鉴定两种离子。
检测Hg2+:探针1单独存在时,分子中存在着亚胺键C=N,C=N键在激发态异构化,久洛尼定基团荧光比较弱,并且罗丹明B处于非荧光螺环型状态,不会对外发射荧光,此时荧光谱图只会出现久洛尼定的发射峰。当探针1与Hg2+结合后,Hg2+与C=N键中的N原子螯合,抑制C=N键的异构化,与罗丹明B螺环上O原子螯合,诱导罗丹明B螺环开环,并且出现久洛尼定向罗丹明B的能量转移-FRET过程,因此在荧光发射谱图上会出现久洛尼定和罗丹明B的发射峰,随着Hg2+浓度增加,久洛尼定发射峰强度降低,罗丹明B发射峰强度增加,从而实现了对Hg2+的比率检测。
检测Cd2+:探针1单独存在时,由于分子中C=N键在激发态异构化,久洛尼定基团荧光比较弱。当探针1与Cd2+结合后,Cd2+与C=N键中的N原子螯合,从而抑制了C=N键的异构化,出现荧光增强效应的CHEF过程。
荧光检测时,Hg2+和Cd2+引起探针1的光谱位移/变化不同,Hg2+会引起罗丹明B的特征发射增强,而Cd2+引起的是久洛尼定荧光团的增强发射,二者荧光光谱不重叠,也因此可以实现二者的同时检测。
识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针1的应用:
将合成的可同时识别镉离子和汞离子的双功能荧光探针1溶于20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH 7.4中,检测其对不同金属离子的荧光选择性,图1为荧光检测机理图,图1中可以看出,探针自身在355nm波长激发下,最大发射波长在460nm,有较弱的黄绿色荧光;加入不同金属离子后,用荧光分光光度计检测其荧光强度变化,探针加入镉离子后荧光最大发射波长460nm处的荧光增强;加入汞离子后荧光最大发射波长红移到586nm处的荧光强度有显著增加;而其他金属离子的加入几乎无变化,因此可以鉴定镉离子和汞离子。
为进一步确定,在与其它金属离子共存情况下不影响对铜离子和汞离子的选择性,进行了竞争性荧光实验,结果图2和图3所示,荧光光谱分析表明,与其它金属离子共存情况下不影响探针对镉离子和汞离子的识别。图2是共存离子对镉离子测定的影响,黑色柱条表示探针以及探针单独加入各种金属离子时的荧光强度,斜柱条表示为同等浓度镉离子与相同浓度倍数的各种金属离子共存时体系的荧光强度。由图2可见,加入镉离子后探针荧光在460nm处显著增强,并且上述共存离子的存在并没有明显地改变该探针分子对于镉离子的检测结果。
图3是共存离子对汞离子测定的影响,黑色柱条表示探针以及探针单独加入各种金属离子时的荧光强度,斜柱条表示为同等浓度汞离子与相同浓度倍数的各种金属离子共存时体系的荧光强度。由图3可见,加入汞离子后探针荧光红移到586nm处显著增强,并且上述共存离子的存在并没有明显地改变该探针分子对于汞离子的检测结果。
图4为探针1分别加入镉离子与汞离子后在紫外灯355nm下的荧光图。图4中左侧为向1×10-5mol/L探针溶液中加入1×10-5mol/L镉离子后放置在紫外灯下355nm照射下的荧光颜色,右侧为向1×10-5mol/L探针溶液中加入1×10-5mol/L汞离子后放置在紫外灯下355nm照射下的荧光颜色,中间为探针1。由图4可见,加入镉离子后荧光增强,而加入汞离子后荧光由淡淡的黄绿色变成橘红色。实现了对镉离子及汞离子的目视定性检测。
不同浓度的汞离子加入到溶液中,检测其荧光强度以及紫外吸收强度的变化,荧光光谱分析表明,在加入镉离子浓度为0到5×10-6mol/L范围内,荧光强度以及紫外吸收强度变化分别与加入浓度有良好的线性关系曲线,实现了对汞离子的定量检测。
探针1(浓度为1×10-5mol/L)在20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH 7.4缓冲液中检测镉离子,激发波长为355nm,发射波长为460nm。镉离子浓度由0到5×10-6mol/L,检测限为9.32×10-9M。
探针1(浓度为1×10-5mol/L)在20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH 7.4缓冲液中通过紫外吸收光谱检测镉离子。镉离子浓度由0到5×10-6mol/L,检测限为6.57×10-9M。
探针1(浓度为1×10-5mol/L)在20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH 7.4缓冲液中检测汞离子,激发波长为355nm,发射波长为586nm。汞离子浓度由0到5×10-6mol/L,检测限为7.92×10-8M。
探针1(浓度为1×10-5mol/L)在20mM,MeOH/H2O,4/1,v/v,pH 7.4缓冲液中通过紫外吸收光谱检测汞离子。汞离子浓度由0到5×10-6mol/L,检测限为6.34×10-8M。
附图说明
图1为是探针1检测镉离子和汞离子的检测机理;
图2为共存离子对镉离子测定的影响;
图3为共存离子对汞离子测定的影响;
图4为探针1分别加入镉离子与汞离子后在紫外灯355nm下的荧光照片;
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
实施例1:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.4540g,3.7765mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.6833g,5.2871mmol)溶于30mL二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在40℃下加热回流24h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率90.56%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取等物质的量的化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(0.391g,1.8mmol)溶于甲醇中,50℃下加热搅拌24h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率90.63%
实施例2:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.1816g,1.5106mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.9761g,7.5530mmol)溶于30mL三氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在80℃下加热回流48h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率92.47%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(0.3128g,1.44mmol)溶于甲醇中,85℃下加热搅拌2h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率88.27%
实施例3:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.0908g,0.7553mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.0976g,0.7553mmol)溶于30mL二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在60℃下加热回流5h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率90.44%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取等物质的量的化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(1.173g,5.4mmol)溶于甲醇中,60℃下加热搅拌16h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率92.75%
实施例4:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.2724g,2.2659mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.4880g,3.7765mmol)溶于30mL甲醇中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在50℃下加热回流18h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率93.88%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取等物质的量的化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(0.782g,3.6mmol)溶于甲醇中,60℃下加热搅拌24h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率91.5%
实施例5:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.5448g,4.5318mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.2928g,2.2659mmol)溶于30mL三氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在60℃下加热回流15h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率93.75%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取等物质的量的化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(0.391g,1.8mmol)溶于甲醇中,85℃下加热搅拌16h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率91.72%
实施例6:
(1)化合物1的合成:
取罗丹明B(0.3618g,0.7553mmol)、氨乙基硫醚(0.3632g,3.0212mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(0.3904g,3.0212mmol)溶于30mL甲醇中,室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后在40℃下加热回流20h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂二氯甲烷,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到产物,产率93.27%。
(2)探针1的合成:
取等物质的量的化合物1(1.8mmol)、8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(0.5865g,2.7mmol)溶于甲醇中,70℃下加热搅拌12h,反应结束后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物探针1,产率92.71%。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述的一种识别镉离子和汞离子的多功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于多功能荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将罗丹明B与氨乙基硫醚溶于30mL溶剂中,在上述溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),其中罗丹明B与氨乙基硫醚的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶6,罗丹明B与N,N-二异丙基乙胺的摩尔比为1∶1~1∶10室温下搅拌混合均匀,之后加热回流; 用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后,旋蒸除去溶剂,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10,得到红色沉淀,过滤,用水洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得到化合物1;
2)将化合物1与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛加入甲醇中,其中化合物1与8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛的摩尔比为1∶0.8~1∶3,加热回流,用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇,得到的固体即为产物多功能荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种识别镉离子和汞离子的多功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1)中反应在40~80℃下加热回流5~48h;
步骤1)中用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后,旋蒸除去溶剂,往残余物中加入1M HCl溶液至溶液变澄清,再加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至9-10;
步骤1)中所用溶剂为二氯甲烷,三氯甲烷,甲醇中的一种;
步骤2)中反应温度为50~85℃,反应2~24h,用TLC板检测反应,反应完全后旋蒸除去溶剂甲醇。
4.权利要求1所述的多功能荧光探针在镉离子和汞离子检测中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于所述多 功能荧光探针具体用于水环境体系中对镉离子与汞离子的含量传感检测。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于所述的检测包含镉离子和汞离子荧光检测、紫外比率检测、目视定性检测。
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