CN111635142A - 一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法 - Google Patents
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法;涉及太阳能电池技术领域,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在200‑230℃下,保温固化15‑20min,再在400‑450℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得,本发明制备的太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜,应用到太阳能电池光伏玻璃表面后,能够极大提高太阳能电池的发电效率,缩短并网发电的成本回收期,进而提升其市场综合竞争力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域,特别是一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法。
背景技术
当今世界对于能源的依赖程度远远高于上世纪,能源和环保成为了人类是否可以可持续发展下去的关键因素。社会的发展对于能源的需求越来越大,尤其是对于经济增长起到至关重要作用的农业、工业领域。在国防和科学技术前沿对于能源的需求也随着人民生活水平的不断提升而逐渐增长。随着一系列由于化石能源引起的社会和环境争端,迫使国际社会对于再生能源的开发和利用走入了新纪元。而太阳能由于其特殊的普及性受到各国的广泛关注,由于没有地域和时间限制,太阳能成为了最为基本的可再生能源。大力发展太阳能的前提准备是应用设备的架设。因此太阳能的利用装置和材料发展前景之广阔是可想而知的,而太阳能设备中包括透光材料、吸收涂层和各种发射薄膜都需要利用到玻璃,因此光伏玻璃的发展前景也是一片光明坦途。
太阳能光伏玻璃由低铁玻璃、太阳能电池片、胶片、背面玻璃、特殊金属导线等组成,它是将太阳能电池片通过胶片密封在一片低铁玻璃和一片背面玻璃的中间,是一种最新颖的建筑用高科技玻璃产品。
太阳能电池效率是指太阳能电池受到光的照射后输出的电功率与入射的光功率之比,也称光电转换效率。为了提高光电转换效率,提高光伏玻璃的透过率是一个极为重要的途径,如何进一步的提高光伏玻璃光透过率是当前所需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,以解决现有技术中的不足。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在200-230℃下,保温固化15-20min,再在400-450℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。
所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:
将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;
向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10-10.5,继续搅拌35-38min,然后再采用超声波处理3-5min,然后静置5-7d,再加热至82-85℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。
所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为40-45%。
所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。
所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:
将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化5-7小时,即得。
所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;
所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.02-0.05:50。
所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1-1.5:0.3-0.6:0.01。
所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm。
本发明还可以对光伏玻璃表面进行预处理:
将聚乙烯醇溶于质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液中,以1000r/min转速搅拌20min,然后,再添加乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌2小时,然后静置3小时,得到表面处理液;
将表面处理液均匀涂覆到待涂覆覆膜液的面,然后在80℃下保温40min,再进行涂刷覆膜液,即可。
所述聚乙烯醇与乙醇溶液质量比为1:3;
所述乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与聚乙烯醇质量比为1:30。
经过划格撕拉测试后,膜层切口边缘完全光滑,测薄膜与光伏玻璃结合力较好,表面出优异的力学性能,这是由于,本发明通过对光伏玻璃表面进行预处理,再结合制备的覆膜液进行涂覆结合,能够形成二氧化硅粒子排列趋于细小线性结构,能够牢固的附着再光伏玻璃表面,附着力得到大幅度的提高。
有益效果:
有益效果
本发明制备的太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜,应用到太阳能电池光伏玻璃表面后,能够极大提高太阳能电池的发电效率,缩短并网发电的成本回收期,进而提升其市场综合竞争力,本发明制备的太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜与太阳能光伏玻璃之间的结合力搞,能够增强可见光透过率,耐紫外老化性能优异,进而使得其使用寿命大幅度增加,本发明通过稀土掺杂处理碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶,通过氯化镧促进作用,能够使得线性链结构生长的二甲基二甲氧基硅烷引入到硅溶胶体系中,通过进一步的填充到球形颗粒间的空隙中并形成相互粘连,进而一定程度上提高了溶胶的黏度和稳定性,同时,氯化镧与纳米氧化锆的结合促进作用,能够一定程度上提高纳米膜对可见光的透过率,降低膜表面的折射率,当纳米氧化锆和氯化镧添加量过高时,会导致溶胶的稳定性变差,纳米膜的透过率大幅度降低。
具体实施方式
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在200-230℃下,保温固化15-20min,再在400-450℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。
所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:
将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;
正硅酸乙酯是无色液体,稍有气味。熔点 -77℃,沸点165~169℃。微溶于水,溶于乙醇、乙醚。在潮湿空气中逐渐混浊、静置后析出硅酸沉淀。无水分存在时稳定,蒸馏时不分解。能与乙醇和乙醚混溶,微溶于苯,几乎不溶于水,但能逐渐被水分解成氧化硅,易燃。高浓度时有麻醉性,有刺激性。
向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10-10.5,继续搅拌35-38min,然后再采用超声波处理3-5min,然后静置5-7d,再加热至82-85℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。
所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为40-45%。
所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。
所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:
将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化5-7小时,即得。
所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;
氯化镧性能参数:
性状:白色粉末,易吸湿;
2. 密度(g/mL,25℃):3.84;
3. 熔点(ºC):860;
4. 沸点(ºC,常压):100;
5. 闪点(ºC):1000;
6. 溶解性:溶于水;
所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.02-0.05:50。
所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1-1.5:0.3-0.6:0.01。
二甲基二甲氧基硅烷:
分 子 式:(CH3)2Si(CH3O)2;
分子量:120.22;
性状:无色透明液体;
二甲基二甲氧基硅烷含量(%):≥99.0;
折光率:1.3708;
密度(25℃)g/cm3:0.8663;
甲醇含量(%):≤1.0;
沸点:85℃;
闪点:-9℃;
所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm。
下面将结合本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在200℃下,保温固化15min,再在400℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10,继续搅拌35min,然后再采用超声波处理3min,然后静置5d,再加热至82℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为40-45%。所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1:0.3:0.01,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化5小时,即得。所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.02:50。
经过划格撕拉测试后,膜层切口边缘完全光滑,格子边缘没有任何脱落,测试结果为4B级,剥落程度0.014%。
实施例2
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在230℃下,保温固化20min,再在450℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10.5,继续搅拌38min,然后再采用超声波处理5min,然后静置7d,再加热至85℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为45%。所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1.5:0.6:0.01,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化7小时,即得。所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.05:5。
经过划格撕拉测试后,膜层切口边缘完全光滑,格子边缘没有任何脱落,测试结果为4B级,剥落程度0.015%。
实施例3
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在210℃下,保温固化18min,再在420℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10.2,继续搅拌36min,然后再采用超声波处理4min,然后静置6d,再加热至84℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为42%。所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1.2:0.5:0.01,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化6小时,即得。所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.03:5。
经过划格撕拉测试后,膜层切口边缘完全光滑,格子边缘没有任何脱落,测试结果为4B级,剥落程度0.012%。
实施例4
一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在210℃下,保温固化18min,再在420℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10.2,继续搅拌36min,然后再采用超声波处理4min,然后静置6d,再加热至84℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为42%。所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1.2:0.5:0.01,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化6小时,即得。所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.03:5。
对光伏玻璃表面进行预处理:
将聚乙烯醇溶于质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液中,以1000r/min转速搅拌20min,然后,再添加乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌2小时,然后静置3小时,得到表面处理液;
将表面处理液均匀涂覆到待涂覆覆膜液的面,然后在80℃下保温40min,再进行涂刷覆膜液,即可。
所述聚乙烯醇与乙醇溶液质量比为1:3;
所述乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与聚乙烯醇质量比为1:30。
经过划格撕拉测试后,膜层切口边缘完全光滑,格子边缘没有任何脱落,测试结果为5B级,薄膜与光伏玻璃结合力较好,表面出优异的力学性能,这是由于,本发明通过对光伏玻璃表面进行预处理,再结合制备的覆膜液进行涂覆结合,能够形成二氧化硅粒子排列趋于细小线性结构,能够牢固的附着再光伏玻璃表面,附着力得到大幅度的提高。
分光光度计测试实施例与对比例中覆盖纳米膜后的光伏玻璃的可见光透过率,每组试样十个,取平均值;薄膜的厚度(115±0.3nm);
表1
对比例1:光伏玻璃用纳米膜制备方法,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,对纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在210℃下,保温固化18min,再在420℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10.2,继续搅拌36min,然后再采用超声波处理4min,然后静置6d,再加热至84℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为42%。所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。
对光伏玻璃表面进行预处理:
将聚乙烯醇溶于质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液中,以1000r/min转速搅拌20min,然后,再添加乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌2小时,然后静置3小时,得到表面处理液;
将表面处理液均匀涂覆到待涂覆覆膜液的面,然后在80℃下保温40min,再进行涂刷覆膜液,即可。
所述聚乙烯醇与乙醇溶液质量比为1:3;
所述乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与聚乙烯醇质量比为1:30;
空白对照组:未涂覆表面膜的光伏玻璃;
由表1可以看出,本发明方法制备的光伏玻璃表面纳米膜能够大幅度的提高其可见光透过率,进而能够进一步的提高光电转换效率。
紫外老化试验;
继续上述实验,用波长为280-400nm的紫外光源,辐射强度16kWh/m²,其中,280-320nm的紫外辐射占总量的3-10%,辐射均匀性达到±15%,试样表面温度为60℃±2℃,处理时间为144h,采用紫外试验箱测试耐老化性能;
表2
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不以所示限定实施范围,凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于,制备碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液,然后,再对碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行稀土掺杂处理,得到稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶,对稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶进行微孔滤膜过滤处理,再均匀涂覆到光伏玻璃表面,然后再在200-230℃下,保温固化15-20min,再在400-450℃下进行热强化处理,自然冷却至室温,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶液制备方法为:
将正硅酸乙酯添加到无水乙醇中,然后以500r/min转速搅拌1小时,得到正硅酸乙酯溶液;
向正硅酸乙酯溶液中添加氨水,调节pH至10-10.5,继续搅拌35-38min,然后再采用超声波处理3-5min,然后静置5-7d,再加热至82-85℃,保温30min,然后自然冷却至室温,即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述正硅酸乙酯溶液质量分数为40-45%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述超声波频率为40kHz,功率为600W。
5.根据权利要求1述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述稀土掺杂纳米二氧化硅溶胶制备方法为:
将碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶以1500r/min转速进行搅拌30min,然后再向碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶中添加氯化稀土,继续搅拌10min后,再添加二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆,继续搅拌反应2小时,然后静置陈化5-7小时,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述氯化稀土为氯化镧;
所述氯化稀土与碱催化纳米二氧化硅溶胶混合质量比为0.02-0.05:50。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述二甲基二甲氧基硅烷和纳米氧化锆、氯化镧质量比为1-1.5:0.3-0.6:0.01。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能光伏玻璃表面用纳米膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述微孔滤膜孔径为0.21μm。
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CN115505282A (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-23 | 杭州白果科技有限公司 | 一种太阳光反射陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和施工方法 |
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CN115505282A (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-23 | 杭州白果科技有限公司 | 一种太阳光反射陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和施工方法 |
CN115505282B (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-10-03 | 杭州白果科技有限公司 | 一种太阳光反射陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和施工方法 |
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