CN111629888A - 夹紧装置及相关的激光焊接设备 - Google Patents

夹紧装置及相关的激光焊接设备 Download PDF

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CN111629888A
CN111629888A CN201980009914.5A CN201980009914A CN111629888A CN 111629888 A CN111629888 A CN 111629888A CN 201980009914 A CN201980009914 A CN 201980009914A CN 111629888 A CN111629888 A CN 111629888A
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clamping
laser beam
jaw
clamping device
laser
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CN111629888B (zh
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迈克尔·韦特尔
安德列亚斯·克劳斯
克拉斯尼奇·艾哈迈迪
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Evosys Laser GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
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    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

用于夹紧通过激光束（4）照射沿着焊接轮廓（14）被焊接的至少两个成型件（6，9）的夹紧装置（5），包括：—用作第一成型件的保持器的第一夹紧板（7），—设计成向第一成型件（6）和布置在其上的第二成型件（9）施加夹紧力的第二夹紧板（8），—包括凹部的外夹爪（11），以及布置在凹部中的内夹爪（12），其一起形成第二夹紧板（8），—分段形成在外夹爪（11）与内夹爪（12）之间用于激光束（4）的通道间隙（13），—分段连接内外夹爪（11）（12）并桥接通道间隙（13）的一个或多个紧固元件（15），夹紧装置（5）在紧固元件（15）的区域中包括镜元件（17），其被布置成使激光束（4）被反射到焊接轮廓（14）被紧固元件（15）遮盖的部分。

Description

夹紧装置及相关的激光焊接设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于夹紧至少两个成型件的夹紧装置，至少两个成型件可以通过激光束照射沿着焊接轮廓被焊接，该夹紧装置具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征。
背景技术
本身已知的这种夹紧装置被用作激光焊接设备的部件，利用该激光焊接设备塑料（尤其是热塑性塑料）可以被接合。为了该目的，两个成型件布置为一个在另一个上方，与夹持装置接触并且抵靠彼此夹持。在焊接过程中，这两个成型件的接合表面彼此接触。借助于激光束，待接合的部件在接合表面的区域中熔化，从而被焊接在一起。
当使用透射技术用激光束焊接塑料时，面向激光源的上成型件通常由对激光束透明的材料制成，并且下成型件由吸收激光束的材料制成。当用近红外范围内的波长照射激光时，在随后的冷却过程期间相邻的接触表面在压力下熔化并结合。在这个过程中使用的夹紧装置的任务是：精确地定位由待接合件构成的各半部，并且沿着待形成的焊缝引入尽可能均匀的接合压力。因此，夹紧装置对于形成高质量的焊接接合是非常重要的。
包括这种夹紧装置的激光焊接设备需要用于激光器的移动系统，以便沿着预定的焊接轮廓移动激光束。如果检流计扫描器用作移动系统，则可能存在限制，因为由检流计扫描器偏转的激光束必须能自由地接近预定的焊缝。相比之下，沿着激光束的物体或障碍物将导致待形成的焊接接合质量劣化。
在WO 2008/125263A1中描述了一种夹紧装置，该夹紧装置包括：用作第一成型件的保持器的第一夹紧板，被设计成向第一成型件和布置在其上的第二成型件施加夹紧力的第二夹紧板，包括凹部的外夹爪，以及布置在该凹部中的内夹爪，外夹爪和内夹爪一起形成第二夹紧板，以及用于激光束的通道间隙，该通道间隙在外夹爪与内夹爪之间的分段地（insections）形成。此外，该夹紧装置包括一个或多个紧固元件，该一个或多个紧固元件分段地连接外夹爪与内夹爪并且桥接该通道间隙。
这些紧固元件例如可以被设计为窄的连接杆，以便尽可能少地遮蔽激光束。利用这种传统的夹紧技术，内夹紧模具通常经由细金属棒牢固地连接到外夹紧系统。不可能在金属棒的正下方施加激光能量，因为激光束在那里被金属棒遮蔽。相反，金属棒下方区域中的结合区域仅通过熔融材料的流动而在一定程度上被间接熔化，这产生了接合配对件之间的焊接接合。
然而，这种传统的夹紧装置具有一些缺点。由于直接用激光束照射棒材，棒材可能在特定操作周期之后被损坏，使得夹紧装置的使用寿命受到限制。射束在棒材区域中由于遮蔽而被削弱，因而必须通过过程管理（即，通过控制和调制激光束）以复杂的方式补偿。由于能量输入不均匀，很难产生绝对密封的焊缝，但是这对于特定应用是绝对必要的。
发明内容
因此，本发明基于的目的是详述一种能够产生均匀且不间断焊缝的夹紧装置。
为实现该目的，提供了具有权利要求1的特征的夹紧装置。
在从属权利要求中描述了本发明的有利改进。
本发明基于的构思是提供一种夹紧装置，该夹紧装置在紧固元件的区域中包括镜元件，该镜元件被布置成使得激光束被反射到焊接轮廓被紧固元件遮蔽的部分。为此，镜元件被布置在紧固元件所处的那些区域附近。在常规的夹紧装置中，紧固元件会导致产生焊接设备的一部分被遮蔽。然而，镜元件使激光束偏转，使得激光束连续地跟随先前产生的焊缝而不偏离。以此方式，可以产生连续的焊缝。借助于镜元件，激光束仅在紧固元件的区域中偏转，使得激光束被镜元件反射并照射到待接合的两个成型件的接触表面上。在那里，激光束的能量使塑料熔化。接合配对件的冷却在夹紧装置施加压力的作用下进行，从而产生期望的焊接接合。根据本发明的夹紧装置具有以下优点：在紧固元件的区域中不需要复杂的过程管理，例如激光功率的调整。因此，激光束可以沿着期望的焊接轮廓被引导，而工艺参数实际上没有显著变化。
根据本发明的夹紧装置的优选变型提供了：镜元件被布置在外夹爪上或内夹爪上或紧固元件上。原则上，所有提及的位置均适于镜元件的布置。不同位置的选择是基于外夹爪和内夹爪的形状和大小以及可用的空间。
利用根据本发明的夹紧装置，特别优选的是，镜元件被可移除地布置在保持器上。术语“保持器”是指以某种方式保持镜元件的机械紧固件。例如，紧固件可以通过螺纹连接、夹紧连接、摩擦接合和/或互锁连接来实现。例如，镜元件可以插入到对应的凹槽中，并且如果需要，固定在凹槽中。镜元件的可移除的紧固方式有助于在损坏的情况下或在需要改变焊接轮廓的情况下随后进行更换。
根据本发明的夹紧装置的镜元件可以具有平坦或弯曲的表面和/或可以由多个镜元件部分组成。这导致借助于镜元件来偏转来自检流计扫描器的激光束以便照射成型件的特定点存在多种可能性。
设置有根据本发明的夹紧装置的紧固元件优选地被设计为板并且具有用于激光束的通道开口。替代地，可以提供一侧开放的板来代替通道开口，然而，出于稳定性的原因，具有通道开口的板是优选的。
通道开口例如可以是矩形、正方形、圆形或椭圆形。在此背景下，可以提供的是，紧固元件的通道开口相对于该通道间隙向外偏移。相应地，该通道开口优选地位于待形成的焊接轮廓的外部。
该紧固元件（优选地被设计为板）能可拆卸地连接到内夹爪和外夹爪上。因此，紧固元件形成桥接两个夹爪的连接。
此外，本发明涉及一种激光焊接设备，其包括用于发射激光束的激光器和用于激光器的移动系统。根据本发明的激光焊接设备的特征在于，其具有所描述类型的夹紧装置。
优选地，根据本发明的激光焊接设备的激光束具有在600nm和2,500nm之间的波长。
优选地，根据本发明的激光焊接设备的移动系统被设计为检流计扫描器。
附图说明
在下文中，将参照附图通过示例性实施例来解释本发明。附图是示意性表示并且：
图1示出了根据本发明的激光焊接设备的基本部件，
图2是根据本发明的夹紧装置的放大剖视图，
图3是夹紧装置的平面图，以及
图4是根据本发明的夹紧装置的紧固元件沿图3的IV-IV线的剖视图。
附图标记列表
1 激光焊接设备
2 激光
3 移动系统
4 激光束
5 夹紧装置
6 第一成型件
7 第一夹紧板
8 第二夹紧板
9 第二成型件
10 箭头
11 外夹爪
12 内夹爪
13 通道间隙
14 焊接轮廓
15 紧固元件
16 通道开口
17 镜元件
18 外侧
19 区域
20 自由空间。
具体实施方式
图1中示意性示出的激光焊接设备1包括激光器2（激光系统）和激光光学器件。激光器2包括控制器，激光光学器件包括被设计为检流计扫描器的移动系统3。检流计扫描器被设计成将激光束引导到成型件的特定位置。激光器2包括用于产生激光束4（处理辐射）的光束源，移动系统3用于移动激光束。
此外，激光焊接设备1包括夹紧装置5，该夹紧装置5在图2中以放大视图示出。夹紧装置5包括第一夹紧板7和第二夹紧板8，第一夹紧板7用作第一成型件6的保持器，第二夹紧板8被设计成向第一成型件6和布置在其上的第二成型件9施加夹紧力。在图2中，将两个成型件6和成型件9压在一起的夹紧力由两个箭头10示出。图2示出了第一夹紧板7为下部夹紧板，第一成型件6和第二成型件9按此顺序布置在下部夹紧板上。上部、第二成型件9受到第二、上部夹紧板8的夹紧力（压力）。
第二夹紧板8由外夹爪11和内夹爪12构成。在外夹爪11和内夹爪12之间形成用于激光束的通道间隙13。在图2的剖视图中，通路间隙13的两个不同的点是可见的。
图3示出了具有外夹爪11、内夹爪12和两者之间的通道间隙13的上部、第二夹紧板8。外夹爪11被设计成类似于围绕内夹爪12的框架。焊接轮廓14由通道间隙13中的虚线表示。在示出的示例性实施例中，焊接轮廓14是带圆角的基本矩形形状。
外夹爪11和内夹爪12通过多个紧固元件15连接。每个紧固元件桥接通道间隙13。紧固元件15是平面的，并且在一侧上螺纹连接到外夹爪11，在另一侧上螺纹连接到内夹爪12。
在图3中，示出了每个紧固元件15在其相对的较长两侧上具有大致半圆形的凹部。
图4是紧固元件沿图3的IV-IV线的剖视图。用于激光束4的通道开口16形成在紧固元件15上。在该示例性实施例中，通道开口16是矩形的，但是在其他实施例中，通道开口也可以具有不同的形状。
在图4中，示出了镜元件17被布置在紧固元件15上并且附接到外夹爪11的外侧18。镜元件17以一定角度布置，即相对于由平面紧固元件15形成的平面倾斜。自由空间20在镜元件17与内夹爪12的表面19之间延伸。由激光器2发射的激光束4穿过平面紧固元件15的通道开口16，照射到镜元件17并被反射。激光束4的入射角等于反射角。激光束4然后穿过空隙20并照射在第二成型件9上。激光束4照射在第二成型件9上的点位于平面紧固元件15的下方，但不在通道开口16的垂直方向下方。以这种方式，通过借助于镜元件17偏转激光束4，可以将激光束引导到否则将被紧固元件15遮盖的那些点，以便可以产生连续的、不间断的焊接轮廓，而不需要在焊接过程期间对激光束进行耗时的控制，例如通过降低或增加辐射功率。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于夹紧至少两个成型件（6，9）的夹紧装置（5），所述至少两个成型件能通过激光束（4）照射沿着焊接轮廓（14）被焊接，所述夹紧装置包括：
—用作第一成型件的保持器的第一夹紧板（7），
—被设计成向所述第一成型件（6）和布置在所述第一成型件上的第二成型件（9）施加夹紧力的第二夹紧板（8），
—包括凹部的外夹爪（11），以及布置在所述凹部中的内夹爪（12），所述外夹爪和所述内夹爪一起形成所述第二夹紧板（8），
—用于所述激光束（4）的通道间隙（13），所述通道间隙在所述外夹爪（11）与所述内夹爪（12）之间分段地形成，
—一个或多个紧固元件（15），所述一个或多个紧固元件分段地连接所述外夹爪（11）与所述内夹爪（12）并且桥接所述通道间隙（13），
其特征在于：
所述夹紧装置（5）在紧固元件（15）的区域中包括镜元件（17），所述镜元件被布置成使得激光束（4）被反射到焊接轮廓（14）的被所述紧固元件（15）遮盖的部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于：所述镜元件（17）被布置在所述外夹爪（11）上或所述内夹爪（12）上或所述紧固元件（15）上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于：所述镜元件（17）被可移除地布置在保持器上。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于：所述镜元件（17）具有平坦或弯曲的表面或由多个镜元件部分组成。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于：所述紧固元件（15）被设计为板并且具有用于所述激光束（4）的通道开口（16）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于：所述紧固元件（15）的所述通道开口（16）相对于所述通道间隙（13）向外偏移。
7.一种激光焊接设备，包括用于发射所述激光束（4）的激光器（2）和用于所述激光器（2）的移动系统（3），其特征在于：所述激光焊接设备（1）包括权利要求1至6中任一项所述的夹紧装置（5）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于：所述激光束（4）具有在600nm和2,500nm之间的波长。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的激光焊接设备，其特征在于：所述移动系统（3）被设计为检流计扫描器。
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