CN111622662B - Safe cat ladder for building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crawling ladders, and particularly relates to a safety crawling ladder for buildings, which comprises a crawling ladder body and mounting rods, wherein the crawling ladder body is mounted on a wall body through the mounting rods which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom; according to the invention, the swing plate is arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate, when a person falls down carelessly, the anti-falling semicircular plate in the ladder stand unit at the next layer is triggered to swing to a horizontal state, so that the post falls down, but if the falling person cannot stand by himself, the person needs to climb from the lower side to the lower side of the triggered anti-falling semicircular plate, the falling person is pushed away from the upper side of the swing plate from the upper gap of the anti-falling semicircular plate, then the buckle is rotated from the lower side to open the buckle, and then the buckle climbs up from the opened swing plate to rescue the falling person; if the fallen person can stand by himself, the buckle is opened from the top, the swinging plate is opened, and then the person goes down from the swinging plate.

Description

Safe cat ladder for building

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crawling ladders, and particularly relates to a safe crawling ladder for buildings.

Background

The existing ladder stand is used for an outer wall of a building, so that personnel can conveniently go to a roof; considering the safety, a semicircular guardrail is added around the ladder stand; the safety is further considered, a safety belt needs to be worn, but the safety belt is worn in a subjective behavior, so that the safety belt is not worn; in case of climbing, people fall off due to the phenomenon of hand slip or foot slip; in this case, the fence alone is not enough to prevent the falling of the person, which may cause a safety accident; therefore, it is necessary to design a ladder for protecting personnel from visitation.

The invention designs a safe crawling ladder for buildings to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a safety ladder stand for buildings, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

A safety ladder stand for buildings comprises a ladder stand body and mounting rods, wherein the ladder stand body is mounted on a wall body through the mounting rods which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom; the method is characterized in that: the ladder stand body consists of handrails, a first ladder stand unit, a second ladder stand unit, a third ladder stand unit and a fourth ladder stand unit, wherein the upper ends of the handrails are fixedly arranged on the upper side of a roof; the first ladder climbing unit is slidably arranged on one side of the wall body and is positioned on the lower side of the handrail; the second ladder climbing units are uniformly arranged on one side of the wall body in a sliding mode from top to bottom and are positioned on the lower side of the first ladder climbing units; the third ladder stand unit is arranged on one side of the wall body in a sliding mode and is positioned on the lower side of the second ladder stand unit on the lowest side; the fourth ladder stand unit is slidably mounted on one side of the wall body and is positioned on the lower side of the third ladder stand unit.

The fourth ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, wherein the ladder frame is slidably mounted on one side of the wall, and a return spring is mounted between the ladder frame and the wall.

The third ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail, an anti-falling semicircular plate and a transmission mechanism, wherein the ladder frame is slidably mounted on one side of the wall body, a reset spring is mounted between the ladder frame and the wall body, the guardrail is fixedly mounted on one side of the ladder frame away from the wall body, the anti-falling semicircular plate is mounted at the lower end of the ladder frame in a swinging mode, and the anti-falling semicircular plate is matched with the guardrail; the transmission mechanism is arranged on one side of the ladder frame and matched with the anti-falling semicircular plate; the anti-falling semicircular plate and the hinged end of the ladder frame are symmetrically provided with two limiting clamping plates.

The second ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail, an anti-falling semicircular plate, a transmission mechanism and a trigger mechanism, wherein the mounting modes of the ladder frame, the guardrail, the anti-falling semicircular plate and the transmission mechanism are completely the same as those of the ladder frame, the guardrail, the anti-falling semicircular plate and the transmission mechanism in the third ladder stand unit; the trigger mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the ladder frame.

The first ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail and a trigger mechanism, wherein the ladder frame, the guardrail and the trigger mechanism are the same as the ladder frame, the guardrail and the trigger mechanism in the second ladder stand unit in installation mode.

The trigger mechanism comprises a trigger block, a second plate spring, a first pull rope and a first pull rope sleeve, wherein the trigger block is slidably mounted at the lower end of the ladder frame, and the second plate springs which are uniformly distributed are mounted between the trigger block and the ladder frame; a first pull rope is fixedly arranged on the trigger block, and one end of the first pull rope, which is far away from the trigger block, penetrates out of the outer side of the frame body; one end of the first pull rope sleeve is fixedly arranged on the frame body, and one end of the first pull rope penetrating out of the frame body is nested in the first pull rope sleeve.

The transmission mechanism comprises an installation shell, a limiting clamping block, an installation rotating shaft, a limiting wheel, an installation ring sleeve, a gear, a return spring, a first one-way clutch, a volute spring, a second one-way clutch, a second pull rope and a second pull rope sleeve, wherein the installation shell is fixedly installed on one side of the wall body, one end of the installation rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the installation shell, and the gear is rotatably installed on the installation rotating shaft; the second mounting ring is mounted at one end of the gear; the mounting ring sleeve is rotatably mounted at one end of the mounting rotating shaft, and a volute spiral spring is mounted between the mounting ring sleeve and the mounting rotating shaft; the first mounting ring is mounted at one end of the mounting ring sleeve, and the second mounting ring is connected with the first mounting ring through a first one-way clutch; the limiting wheel is installed at the other end of the installation rotating shaft through a second one-way clutch, and an inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the installation ring sleeve through a connecting sleeve; a clamping groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the limiting wheel, the limiting shell is fixedly installed in the installation shell, one end of the limiting fixture block is installed in the limiting shell in a sliding mode, and a return spring is installed between one end, located in the limiting shell, of the limiting fixture block and the inner end face of the limiting shell; the other end of the limiting clamping block is matched with a clamping groove on the limiting wheel; one end of the second pull rope sleeve is fixedly arranged on the limiting shell, one end of the second pull rope is fixedly arranged on the limiting clamping block, and the other end of the second pull rope penetrates through the limiting shell and is nested in the second pull rope sleeve.

One end of the anti-falling semicircular plate is hinged to the mounting rotating shaft.

And the fourth pull rope is fixedly connected with the limiting clamping blocks in the transmission mechanisms in the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit from top to bottom in sequence respectively through a third pull rope.

Two limiting rods are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit respectively, and the limiting rods are matched with a limiting clamping plate in the lower ladder climbing unit; racks are fixedly arranged on the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit respectively, and the racks are meshed with the gears in the lower ladder climbing unit.

The first pull ropes in the trigger mechanisms in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit are respectively and fixedly connected with the second pull ropes in the transmission mechanism in the lower ladder climbing unit; and first pull rope sleeves in the trigger mechanisms in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit are respectively and fixedly connected with second pull rope sleeves in the transmission mechanism in the lower ladder climbing unit.

As a further improvement of the technology, a plurality of T-shaped sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the upper part and the lower part of one side of the wall body, and two limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged in each sliding groove; two mounting rods are symmetrically mounted on one side of a ladder frame in the first ladder stand unit, the second ladder stand unit, the third ladder stand unit and the fourth ladder stand unit, one ends, far away from the ladder frame, of the mounting rods are of T-shaped structures, the ladder frame is mounted on one side of a wall body through up-down sliding fit of the two mounting rods and the sliding grooves, and the mounting rods are matched with the two corresponding limiting blocks; one end of the reset spring is fixedly installed on the installation rod, and the other end of the reset spring is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the corresponding sliding groove.

As a further improvement of the technology, the upper end of the ladder frame in the second ladder stand structure, the third ladder stand unit and the fourth ladder stand unit is provided with two first avoidance grooves which are symmetrically distributed and used for enabling two limiting clamping plates arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate in the upper ladder stand unit to swing.

As a further improvement of the technology, one end of the limiting clamping plate, which is far away from the corresponding anti-falling semicircular plate, is provided with an inclined plane.

As a further improvement of the technology, the anti-falling semicircular plate is of a frame structure, a swing plate is arranged at the middle position of the anti-falling semicircular plate in a swinging mode, and the swing plate is positioned at one hinged end of the anti-falling semicircular plate and is connected through two symmetrically distributed buckles which can be opened in a rotating mode; the anti-falling semicircular plate is symmetrically provided with two limiting plates close to one end of the installation rotating shaft.

As a further improvement of the technology, one of the two handrails is provided with a second mounting groove, the swing rod is mounted in the second mounting groove in a swinging manner through a support shaft, and the support shaft deviates from the center of the swing rod; a first plate spring is arranged between the swing rod and the corresponding handrail; one end of a fourth pull rope is fixedly arranged at one end of the swing rod, and the distance between one end of the swing rod, which is provided with the fourth pull rope, and the support shaft is larger than the distance between the other end of the swing rod and the support shaft; and a first guide wheel which plays a role in guiding the fourth pull rope is further installed at the lower end of the handrail.

As a further improvement of the technology, the lower ends of the ladder frames in the second ladder stand unit and the third ladder stand unit are provided with two second dodging grooves which are symmetrically distributed and used for enabling two limiting clamping plates mounted on the anti-falling semicircular plate in the ladder stand unit to swing.

As a further improvement of the technology, the lower ends of the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit, the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit are provided with first mounting grooves for the sliding of the trigger block in the trigger mechanism mounted in the ladder climbing unit.

And the lower ends of the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit, the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit are provided with second guide wheels which play a role in guiding the first pull rope in the trigger mechanism in the ladder climbing unit.

As a further improvement of the technology, the mounting shell in the transmission mechanism is provided with a shaft hole for the second pull rope sleeve to pass through and the fourth pull rope to pass through; the mounting shell in the transmission mechanism is provided with a square opening for the rack to penetrate through.

As a further improvement of the present technology, a third guide wheel for guiding the third rope is installed in the mounting shell of the transmission mechanism.

Compared with the traditional ladder climbing technology, the ladder has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the ladder stand designed by the invention, if a climber falls down carelessly in the climbing process, the corresponding ladder frame loses the pressure applied by the climber, moves upwards under the action of the corresponding return spring, and drives the limiting rod to move upwards on the ladder frame, so that the limiting rod relieves the limit of the corresponding limiting clamping plate, and the corresponding anti-falling semicircular plate swings downwards and is matched with the lower end of the guardrail in the corresponding ladder stand unit; the protection effect is achieved for the person falling down.

2. According to the invention, the swing plate is arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate, when a person falls down carelessly, the anti-falling semicircular plate in the ladder stand unit at the next layer is triggered to swing to a horizontal state, so that the post falls down, but if the falling person cannot stand by himself, the person needs to climb from the lower side to the lower side of the triggered anti-falling semicircular plate, the falling person is pushed away from the upper side of the swing plate from the upper gap of the anti-falling semicircular plate, then the buckle is rotated from the lower side to open the buckle, and then the buckle climbs up from the opened swing plate to rescue the falling person; if the fallen person can stand by himself, the buckle is opened from the top, the swinging plate is opened, and then the person goes down from the swinging plate.

3. According to the invention, the lever structure is formed by the oscillating bar and the supporting shaft, and the supporting shaft deviates from the center of the oscillating bar, so that the design purpose is to play a role in increasing torque, and the situation that the lower limiting clamping block cannot be pulled due to larger friction force with the clamping groove on the limiting wheel is prevented. After climbing to the roof, the climber only needs to press one end of the swing rod to release the limit of the limit fixture blocks on all the lower sides to the corresponding limit wheels.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an external view of an entire part.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a wall structure.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a ladder stand structure.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the fourth ladder stand unit construction.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the third ladder stand unit construction.

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the second ladder stand unit construction.

Figure 7 is a schematic view of the first ladder stand unit construction.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the armrest structure.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the trigger mechanism.

Figure 10 is a schematic view of a ladder body structure.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the transmission installation.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the anti-falling semicircular plate.

Fig. 13 is an external view of the transmission mechanism.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the mounting case.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the transmission mechanism.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the second and third cords being installed.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the installation of the limiting wheel, the installation ring sleeve and the gear.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a wall body; 2. a ladder body; 3. a chute; 4. a limiting block; 5. a handrail; 6. a first ladder climbing unit; 7. a second ladder climbing unit; 8. a third ladder climbing unit; 9. a fourth ladder unit; 10. a first avoidance slot; 11. mounting a rod; 12. a return spring; 13. a fall-resistant semicircular plate; 14. a trigger mechanism; 15. fixing the rod; 16. a first plate spring; 17. a swing rod; 18. a support shaft; 19. a first guide wheel; 20. a trigger block; 21. a second guide wheel; 22. a first pull rope sleeve; 23. a first pull cord; 24. a guardrail; 25. a second avoidance slot; 26. a first mounting groove; 27. a limiting rod; 28. a limiting clamping plate; 29. a transmission mechanism; 30. a rack; 31. a limiting plate; 32. buckling; 33. a swinging plate; 34. a bevel; 35. mounting a shell; 36. a shaft hole; 37. a square opening; 38. a second pull cord; 39. a second pull rope sleeve; 40. a third pull cord; 41. a third guide wheel; 42. a limiting shell; 43. a limiting clamping block; 44. installing a rotating shaft; 45. a limiting wheel; 46. installing a ring sleeve; 47. a gear; 48. a return spring; 49. a first one-way clutch; 50. a volute spiral spring; 51. a card slot; 52. a second one-way clutch; 53. a second mounting groove; 54. a second plate spring; 55. a ladder frame; 56. a roof; 57. connecting sleeves; 58. a fourth pull cord; 59. a first connecting ring; 60. a second connecting ring.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples or figures are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the ladder stand comprises a ladder stand body 2 and mounting rods 11, wherein the ladder stand body 2 is mounted on a wall body 1 through a plurality of mounting rods 11 which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom; the method is characterized in that: as shown in fig. 13, the ladder body 2 is composed of a handrail 5, a first ladder unit 6, a second ladder unit 7, a third ladder unit 8 and a fourth ladder unit 9, wherein the upper end of the handrail 5 is fixedly installed on the upper side of a roof 56; the first ladder climbing unit 6 is arranged on one side of the wall body 1 in a sliding mode and is positioned on the lower side of the handrail 5; a plurality of second ladder climbing units 7 are evenly and slidably arranged on one side of the wall body 1 from top to bottom and are positioned on the lower side of the first ladder climbing unit 6; the third ladder climbing unit 8 is arranged at one side of the wall body 1 in a sliding way and is positioned at the lower side of the second ladder climbing unit 7 at the lowest side; a fourth ladder unit 9 is slidably mounted on one side of the wall 1 and on the underside of the third ladder unit 8.

As shown in fig. 4, the fourth ladder unit 9 comprises a ladder frame 55, wherein the ladder frame 55 is slidably mounted on one side of the wall 1, and a return spring 12 is mounted between the ladder frame 55 and the wall 1.

As shown in fig. 5, the third ladder unit 8 includes a ladder frame 55, a guardrail 24, an anti-falling semicircular plate 13 and a transmission mechanism 29, wherein the ladder frame 55 is slidably mounted on one side of the wall 1, a return spring 12 is mounted between the ladder frame 55 and the wall 1, the guardrail 24 is fixedly mounted on one side of the ladder frame 55 away from the wall 1, the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is mounted at the lower end of the ladder frame 55 in a swinging manner, and the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is matched with the guardrail 24; the transmission mechanism 29 is arranged on one side of the ladder frame 55, and the transmission mechanism 29 is matched with the anti-falling semicircular plate 13; the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 and the hinged end of the ladder frame 55 are symmetrically provided with two limiting clamping plates 28.

The anti-falling semicircular plate 13 designed by the invention is vertically upward and clings to the corresponding ladder frame 55 under the condition that the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is not triggered initially, and because the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 designed by the invention is of a frame structure, a climber can step on a cross beam of the ladder frame 55 through a frame gap on the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 after clinging to the ladder frame 55 vertically; the climbing of the climber can not be influenced.

As shown in fig. 6, the second ladder stand unit 7 comprises a ladder frame 55, a guardrail 24, a fall-preventing semicircular plate 13, a transmission mechanism 29 and a trigger mechanism 14, wherein the mounting manners of the ladder frame 55, the guardrail 24, the fall-preventing semicircular plate 13 and the transmission mechanism 29 are completely the same as the mounting manners of the ladder frame 55, the guardrail 24, the fall-preventing semicircular plate 13 and the transmission mechanism 29 in the third ladder stand unit 8; the trigger mechanism 14 is mounted on the upper end of the ladder rack 55.

As shown in figure 1 the first ladder unit 6 comprises a ladder frame 55, a guardrail 24 and a trigger mechanism 14, wherein the ladder frame 55, the guardrail 24 and the trigger mechanism 14 are mounted in the same way as the ladder frame 55, the guardrail 24 and the trigger mechanism 14 in the second ladder unit 7.

As shown in fig. 9, the triggering mechanism 14 includes a triggering block 20, a second plate spring 54, a first pulling rope 23, and a first pulling rope sleeve 22, wherein the triggering block 20 is slidably mounted at the lower end of a ladder frame 55, and the second plate springs 54 are uniformly distributed between the triggering block 20 and the ladder frame 55; a first pull rope 23 is fixedly installed on the trigger block 20, and one end of the first pull rope 23 far away from the trigger block 20 penetrates out of the outer side of the frame body; one end of the first rope pulling sleeve 22 is fixedly installed on the frame body, and one end of the first rope pulling 23 penetrating through the frame body is nested in the first rope pulling sleeve 22.

When the trigger block 20 moves relative to the corresponding ladder frame 55, the trigger block 20 can pull the corresponding first pull rope 23 to slide relative to the first pull rope sleeve 22; the first pulling rope 23 moves to pull the second pulling rope 38 to move, and the second pulling rope 38 moves to pull the corresponding limiting clamping block 43 to move; the second leaf spring 54 acts to reset the trigger block 20. In the present invention, when the trigger block 20 moves along with the corresponding ladder frame 55, the first rope 23 does not slide relative to the first rope sleeve 22 because one end of the first rope sleeve 22 is fixedly mounted on the corresponding ladder frame 55.

As shown in fig. 13, 15, 16, and 17, the transmission mechanism 29 includes a mounting shell 35, a limiting shell 42, a limiting latch 43, a mounting rotating shaft 44, a limiting wheel 45, a mounting ring 46, a gear 47, a return spring 48, a first one-way clutch 49, a spiral spring 50, a second one-way clutch 52, a second pull rope 38, and a second pull rope sleeve 39, wherein as shown in fig. 11 and 14, the mounting shell 35 is fixedly mounted on one side of the wall 1, as shown in fig. 13 and 15, one end of the mounting rotating shaft 44 is rotatably mounted on the mounting shell 35, and the gear 47 is rotatably mounted on the mounting rotating shaft 44; the second mounting ring is mounted at one end of the gear 47; the mounting collar 46 is rotatably mounted on one end of the mounting shaft 44, and as shown in fig. 17, a spiral spring 50 is mounted between the mounting collar 46 and the mounting shaft 44; the first mounting ring is mounted at one end of the mounting collar 46, and the second mounting ring is connected with the first mounting ring through a first one-way clutch 49; the limiting wheel 45 is arranged at the other end of the installation rotating shaft 44 through a second one-way clutch 52, and the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 52 is fixedly connected with the installation ring sleeve 46 through a connecting sleeve 57; a clamping groove 51 is formed in the outer circular surface of the limiting wheel 45, the limiting shell 42 is fixedly installed in the installation shell 35, one end of the limiting clamping block 43 is installed in the limiting shell 42 in a sliding mode, and a return spring 48 is installed between one end, located in the limiting shell 42, of the limiting clamping block 43 and the inner end surface of the limiting shell 42; the other end of the limiting clamping block 43 is matched with a clamping groove 51 on the limiting wheel 45; one end of the second rope pulling sleeve 39 is fixedly arranged on the limiting shell 42, one end of the second rope pulling 38 is fixedly arranged on the limiting clamping block 43, and the other end of the second rope pulling 38 penetrates through the limiting shell 42 and is nested in the second rope pulling sleeve 39.

As shown in fig. 11, one end of the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is hinged to the mounting rotating shaft 44.

In the invention, after the rack 30 positioned at the upper side of the transmission mechanism 29 moves downwards, the rack 30 drives the gear 47 to rotate, the gear 47 drives the first mounting ring to rotate through the second mounting ring and the first one-way clutch 49, and the first mounting ring rotates to drive the mounting ring sleeve 46 to rotate, so that the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 mounted on the mounting rotating shaft 44 is limited by the limiting rod 27, and the volute spring 50 compresses the upper force; in the invention, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch 52 is fixedly connected with the mounting ring sleeve 46 through the connecting sleeve 57, the outer ring of the second one-way clutch 52 is fixed with the limiting wheel 45, and the limiting wheel 45 is limited by the limiting clamping block 43 at the moment; so that the reverse rotation of the mounting collar 46 is limited at this time, i.e., the outer end of the spiral spring 50 is fixedly limited; after the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 loses the limit, under the action of the volute spiral spring 50, the inner end of the volute spiral spring 50 drives the installation rotating shaft 44 to rotate, and the installation rotating shaft 44 drives the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 to swing.

As shown in fig. 3 and 7, a fourth rope 58 is attached to the handrail 5, and the fourth rope 58 is fixedly connected to the stopper blocks 43 of the transmission mechanisms 29 in the second ladder stand unit 7 and the third ladder stand unit 8 in this order from top to bottom via a single third rope 40.

In the invention, the fourth pull rope 58 on the handrail 5 is pulled, so that the limiting fixture block 43 in the transmission mechanism 29 in the second ladder climbing unit 7 and the third ladder climbing unit 8 at the lower side can be pulled to be separated from the limiting of the corresponding limiting wheel 45, and when the fourth pull rope 58 is pulled, the second pull rope 38 fixedly connected with the limiting fixture block 43 is made of soft material, so that the corresponding trigger mechanism 14 cannot be influenced; that is, the force stored in all lower spiral springs 50 can be released directly by the fourth pull cord 58.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, two limit rods 27 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the ladder frames 55 of the first ladder unit 6 and the second ladder unit 7 respectively, and the limit rods 27 are matched with the limit clamping plates 28 in the lower ladder unit; the racks 30 are fixedly attached to the ladder frames 55 of the first ladder unit 6 and the second ladder unit 7, respectively, and the racks 30 are engaged with the gear 47 of the lower ladder unit.

When a climber steps on the ladder rack 55, the ladder rack 55 is stressed to move downwards, and the ladder rack 55 moves downwards to drive the limiting rod 27 and the rack 30 mounted on the ladder rack to move downwards.

When the anti-falling device does not climb, the lower end of the limiting rod 27 and the corresponding limiting clamping plate 28 have a section of matching area, the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is in a limited state, and the corresponding volute spiral spring 50 has certain pre-pressure; when a climber steps on the ladder frame 55 and drives the corresponding limiting rod 27 to move downwards through gravity, the limiting clamping plate 28 matched with the limiting rod 27 is fixedly arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate 13, the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is arranged on the installation rotating shaft 44, the installation rotating shaft 44 is arranged on the installation shell 35, and the installation shell 35 is fixed on the wall body 1, so that the limiting clamping plate 28 is in a static state relative to the wall body 1; therefore, after the limiting rod 27 moves downwards, the area of the lower end of the limiting rod 27 matched with the limiting clamping plate 28 is lengthened.

As shown in figures 6 and 7, the first rope 23 in the triggering means 14 in the first ladder unit 6 and the second ladder unit 7, respectively, is fixedly connected to the second rope 38 in the transmission means 29 in the lower ladder unit; the first guy socket 22 in the triggering means 14 in the first ladder unit 6 and the second ladder unit 7, respectively, is fixedly connected to the second guy socket 39 in the transmission means 29 in the lower ladder unit.

The function of the rope pulling sleeve designed by the invention is to prevent the trigger block 20 in the trigger mechanism 14 from pulling the first pulling rope 23 to move when the ladder frame 55 drives the trigger mechanism 14 to move together, so as to trigger the limit of the lower limit clamping block 43 on the corresponding limit wheel 45; so that the corresponding wrap spring 50 loses its storage force.

As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of T-shaped chutes 3 are uniformly formed in one side of the wall 1 from top to bottom, and two limiting blocks 4 are symmetrically mounted in each chute 3; two mounting rods 11 are symmetrically mounted on one side of a ladder frame 55 in a first ladder unit 6, a second ladder unit 7, a third ladder unit 8 and a fourth ladder unit 9, one end, far away from the ladder frame 55, of each mounting rod 11 is of a T-shaped structure, the ladder frame 55 is mounted on one side of a wall body 1 through up-down sliding fit of the two mounting rods 11 and a sliding groove 3, and the mounting rods 11 are matched with the two corresponding limiting blocks 4; one end of the return spring 12 is fixedly mounted on the mounting rod 11, and the other end of the return spring 12 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the corresponding chute 3. The return spring 12 serves to return the corresponding ladder rack 55.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 10, the upper ends of the ladder frames 55 in the second ladder stand structure, the third ladder stand unit 8 and the fourth ladder stand unit 9 are provided with two first avoidance grooves 10 which are symmetrically distributed and used for swinging of the two limit catch plates 28 arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 in the upper ladder stand unit.

As shown in fig. 12, the end of the limiting catch plate 28 away from the corresponding anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is provided with a slope 34. The inclined plane 34 is designed to drive the limiting rod 27 to move upwards through the cooperation of the inclined plane 34 and the lower end of the limiting rod 27 when the manual pushing anti-falling semicircular plate 13 resets, so that the limiting clamping plate 28 swings to the rear side of the limiting rod 27, and the limiting rod 27 limits the limiting clamping plate 28 again.

As shown in fig. 12, the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 is of a frame structure, a swing plate 33 is installed at the middle position of the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 in a swinging manner, and the swing plate 33 is located at the hinged end of the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 and is connected through two symmetrically distributed buckles 32 which can be opened and rotated; two limiting plates 31 are symmetrically arranged at one end of the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 close to the installation rotating shaft 44.

In the initial state of the ladder frame 55 designed by the invention, the step surface on the ladder frame 55 is higher than the frame surface of the anti-falling semi-circular plate 13, which is opened for a climber to step on the ladder frame 55 by feet, so that the design aims to ensure that the step surface on the ladder frame 55 is flush with the frame surface on the anti-falling semi-circular plate 13 after the climber steps on the ladder frame 55 to move down, and the climbing is not influenced.

The limiting plate 31 is designed to limit the flat anti-falling semicircular plate 13.

As shown in fig. 8, one of the two armrests 5 is provided with a second mounting groove 53, the swing link 17 is mounted in the second mounting groove 53 through the support shaft 18 in a swinging manner, and the support shaft 18 deviates from the center of the swing link 17; a first plate spring 16 is arranged between the swing rod 17 and the corresponding handrail 5; one end of the fourth pull rope 58 is fixedly arranged at one end of the swing rod 17, and the distance between one end of the swing rod 17, which is provided with the fourth pull rope 58, and the support shaft 18 is larger than the distance between the other end of the swing rod 17 and the support shaft 18; the lower end of the armrest 5 is also provided with a first guide wheel 19 which guides a fourth pull rope 58.

According to the invention, the lever structure is formed by the swing rod 17 and the support shaft 18, and the support shaft 18 deviates from the center of the swing rod 17, so that the design purpose is to play a role in increasing torque, and the situation that the lower limiting fixture block 43 cannot be pulled due to larger friction force with the clamping groove 51 on the limiting wheel 45 is prevented. After the climber climbs to the roof, the limit of all the limit blocks 43 on the lower side can be released from the limit of the corresponding limit wheels 45 by only pressing one end of the swing rod 17.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the lower ends of the ladder frames 55 of the second ladder unit 7 and the third ladder unit 8 are provided with two second avoidance grooves 25 which are symmetrically distributed and used for swinging of two limit catch plates 28 arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 in the ladder unit.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the lower end of the ladder frame 55 in the first, second and third ladder unit 6, 7, 8 is provided with a first mounting groove 26 in which the trigger block 20 of the trigger mechanism 14 mounted in the ladder unit slides.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the lower ends of the ladder frames 55 in the first, second and third ladder units 6, 7, 8 are provided with second guide wheels 21 for guiding the first rope 23 in the trigger mechanism 14 in the ladder unit.

As shown in fig. 14, the mounting shell 35 of the transmission mechanism 29 is provided with a shaft hole 36 for the second pull rope sleeve 39 to pass through and the fourth pull rope 58 to pass through; the mounting shell 35 of the transmission mechanism 29 is provided with a square opening 37 for the rack 30 to penetrate through.

As shown in fig. 15, a third guide pulley 41 for guiding the third rope 40 is mounted in the mounting case 35 of the transmission mechanism 29.

The specific working process is as follows: when the ladder stand designed by the invention is used for climbing stairs, firstly, a climber can go up through the fourth ladder stand unit 9, and after stepping on the ladder frame 55 on the first ladder stand unit 6, the ladder frame 55 moves downwards under stress; when a climber climbs the third ladder unit 8, the ladder frame 55 of the third ladder unit 8 is forced to move downwards; when a climber climbs the second ladder stand unit 7 at the lowest side, the ladder frame 55 of the second ladder stand unit 7 is stressed to move downwards, meanwhile, the limiting rod 27 and the rack 30 which are arranged on the ladder frame 55 in the second ladder stand unit 7 at the lowest side move downwards, and the rack 30 moves downwards to enable the scroll spring 50 in the third ladder stand unit 8 to exert force; when the climber continues to climb up, the ladder rack 55 corresponding to the second ladder unit 7 is stressed to move downwards, meanwhile, the limiting rod 27 and the rack 30 which are arranged on the ladder rack 55 in the second ladder unit 7 move downwards, and the rack 30 moves downwards to force the volute spiral spring 50 in the second ladder unit 7 at the lower side; when a climber climbs onto the first ladder stand unit 6, the ladder frame 55 of the first ladder stand unit 6 is stressed to move downwards, meanwhile, the limiting rod 27 and the rack 30 which are arranged on the ladder frame 55 in the first ladder stand unit 6 move downwards, and the rack 30 moves downwards to force the volute spiral spring 50 in the second ladder stand unit 7 at the uppermost side upwards; after climbing to the roof, the climber pulls the fourth pull rope 58 through the swing plate 33, so that the fourth pull rope 58 pulls the third pull ropes 40 in all the transmission mechanisms 29 on the lower side, the limiting fixture block 43 is driven to move, the limiting fixture block 43 releases the limiting of the corresponding limiting wheel 45, and the scroll spring 50 is released.

If in the climbing process, if a climber falls down carelessly, the corresponding ladder frame 55 loses the pressure applied by the climber, moves upwards under the action of the corresponding return spring 12, the ladder frame 55 drives the limiting rod 27 to move upwards, so that the limiting rod 27 releases the limitation of the corresponding limiting clamping plate 28, and the corresponding anti-falling semicircular plate 13 swings downwards to be matched with the lower end of the guardrail 24 in the corresponding ladder climbing unit; the protection effect is achieved for the person falling down.

When a user steps on the first ladder unit 6 during downstairs, the ladder 55 in the first ladder unit 6 moves downwards, and then the ladder 55 in the lower second, third and fourth ladder units 7, 8 and 9 is pushed downwards, so that the scroll spring 50 on the lower side is forced upwards; when the user is at the trigger mechanism 14 in second cat ladder unit 7 and the third cat ladder unit 8 of process, step on corresponding trigger block 20 downwards for volute spiral spring 50 in the next floor releases, prevents falling half-round board 13 and can not trigger the lower hem, can not influence the climber promptly and move down, even the climber drops this moment, also can protect through the not triggered half-round board 13 that falls that the downside is closest.

When a person falls down carelessly, the anti-falling semicircular plate 13 in the ladder stand unit at the next layer is triggered to swing to a horizontal state, and the connecting column falls down, but if the person cannot stand by himself, the person needs to climb from the lower side to the lower side of the triggered anti-falling semicircular plate 13, the person who falls down is pushed away from the upper side of the swing plate 33 from the upper gap of the anti-falling semicircular plate 13, then the buckle 32 is rotated from the lower side, the buckle 32 is opened, and then the person who falls down is climbed from the opened swing plate 33 to be rescued; if the fallen person can stand up by himself, the user only needs to open the buckle 32 from above, open the swing plate 33, and then descend from the swing plate 33.

Claims (7)

1. A safety ladder stand for buildings comprises a ladder stand body and mounting rods, wherein the ladder stand body is mounted on a wall body through the mounting rods which are uniformly distributed from top to bottom; the method is characterized in that: the ladder stand body consists of handrails, a first ladder stand unit, a second ladder stand unit, a third ladder stand unit and a fourth ladder stand unit, wherein the upper ends of the handrails are fixedly arranged on the upper side of a roof; the first ladder climbing unit is slidably arranged on one side of the wall body and is positioned on the lower side of the handrail; the second ladder climbing units are uniformly arranged on one side of the wall body in a sliding mode from top to bottom and are positioned on the lower side of the first ladder climbing units; the third ladder stand unit is arranged on one side of the wall body in a sliding mode and is positioned on the lower side of the second ladder stand unit on the lowest side; the fourth ladder climbing unit is slidably arranged on one side of the wall body and is positioned on the lower side of the third ladder climbing unit;

the fourth ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, wherein the ladder frame is slidably mounted on one side of the wall body, and a return spring is mounted between the ladder frame and the wall body;

the third ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail, an anti-falling semicircular plate and a transmission mechanism, wherein the ladder frame is slidably mounted on one side of the wall body, a reset spring is mounted between the ladder frame and the wall body, the guardrail is fixedly mounted on one side of the ladder frame away from the wall body, the anti-falling semicircular plate is mounted at the lower end of the ladder frame in a swinging mode, and the anti-falling semicircular plate is matched with the guardrail; the transmission mechanism is arranged on one side of the ladder frame and matched with the anti-falling semicircular plate; two limiting clamping plates are symmetrically arranged at the hinged end of the anti-falling semicircular plate and the ladder frame;

the second ladder stand unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail, an anti-falling semicircular plate, a transmission mechanism and a trigger mechanism, wherein the mounting modes of the ladder frame, the guardrail, the anti-falling semicircular plate and the transmission mechanism are completely the same as those of the ladder frame, the guardrail, the anti-falling semicircular plate and the transmission mechanism in the third ladder stand unit; the trigger mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the ladder frame;

the first ladder climbing unit comprises a ladder frame, a guardrail and a trigger mechanism, wherein the ladder frame, the guardrail and the trigger mechanism are arranged in the same way as the ladder frame, the guardrail and the trigger mechanism in the second ladder climbing unit;

the trigger mechanism comprises a trigger block, a second plate spring, a first pull rope and a first pull rope sleeve, wherein the trigger block is slidably mounted at the lower end of the ladder frame, and the second plate springs which are uniformly distributed are mounted between the trigger block and the ladder frame; a first pull rope is fixedly arranged on the trigger block, and one end of the first pull rope, which is far away from the trigger block, penetrates out of the outer side of the frame body; one end of the first pull rope sleeve is fixedly arranged on the frame body, and one end of the first pull rope penetrating through the frame body is nested in the first pull rope sleeve;

the transmission mechanism comprises an installation shell, a limiting clamping block, an installation rotating shaft, a limiting wheel, an installation ring sleeve, a gear, a return spring, a first one-way clutch, a volute spring, a second one-way clutch, a second pull rope and a second pull rope sleeve, wherein the installation shell is fixedly installed on one side of the wall body, one end of the installation rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the installation shell, and the gear is rotatably installed on the installation rotating shaft; the second mounting ring is mounted at one end of the gear; the mounting ring sleeve is rotatably mounted at one end of the mounting rotating shaft, and a volute spiral spring is mounted between the mounting ring sleeve and the mounting rotating shaft; the first mounting ring is mounted at one end of the mounting ring sleeve, and the second mounting ring is connected with the first mounting ring through a first one-way clutch; the limiting wheel is installed at the other end of the installation rotating shaft through a second one-way clutch, and an inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly connected with the installation ring sleeve through a connecting sleeve; a clamping groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the limiting wheel, the limiting shell is fixedly installed in the installation shell, one end of the limiting fixture block is installed in the limiting shell in a sliding mode, and a return spring is installed between one end, located in the limiting shell, of the limiting fixture block and the inner end face of the limiting shell; the other end of the limiting clamping block is matched with a clamping groove on the limiting wheel; one end of the second pull rope sleeve is fixedly arranged on the limiting shell, one end of the second pull rope is fixedly arranged on the limiting clamping block, and the other end of the second pull rope penetrates through the limiting shell and is nested in the second pull rope sleeve;

one end of the anti-falling semicircular plate is hinged to the mounting rotating shaft;

a fourth pull rope is arranged on the handrail and is fixedly connected with a limiting clamping block in a transmission mechanism in the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit from top to bottom in sequence through a third pull rope;

two limiting rods are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit respectively, and the limiting rods are matched with a limiting clamping plate in the lower ladder climbing unit; racks are respectively and fixedly arranged on the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit, and the racks are meshed with the gears in the lower ladder climbing unit;

the first pull ropes in the trigger mechanisms in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit are respectively and fixedly connected with the second pull ropes in the transmission mechanism in the lower ladder climbing unit; the first pull rope sleeves in the trigger mechanisms in the first ladder climbing unit and the second ladder climbing unit are respectively and fixedly connected with the second pull rope sleeve in the transmission mechanism in the lower ladder climbing unit;

the anti-falling semicircular plate is of a frame structure, a swinging plate is arranged at the middle position of the anti-falling semicircular plate in a swinging mode, and one end, hinged to the anti-falling semicircular plate, of the swinging plate is connected through two symmetrically distributed buckles capable of being opened in a rotating mode; two limiting plates are symmetrically arranged at one end of the anti-falling semicircular plate close to the installation rotating shaft;

one of the two handrails is provided with a second mounting groove, the swing rod is arranged in the second mounting groove in a swinging mode through a support shaft, and the support shaft deviates from the center of the swing rod; a first plate spring is arranged between the swing rod and the corresponding handrail; one end of a fourth pull rope is fixedly arranged at one end of the swing rod, and the distance between one end of the swing rod, which is provided with the fourth pull rope, and the support shaft is larger than the distance between the other end of the swing rod and the support shaft; the lower end of the handrail is also provided with a first guide wheel which plays a role in guiding the fourth pull rope;

a plurality of T-shaped sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the upper part and the lower part of one side of the wall body, and two limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged in each sliding groove; two mounting rods are symmetrically mounted on one side of a ladder frame in the first ladder stand unit, the second ladder stand unit, the third ladder stand unit and the fourth ladder stand unit, one ends, far away from the ladder frame, of the mounting rods are of T-shaped structures, the ladder frame is mounted on one side of a wall body through up-down sliding fit of the two mounting rods and the sliding grooves, and the mounting rods are matched with the two corresponding limiting blocks; one end of the reset spring is fixedly installed on the installation rod, and the other end of the reset spring is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the corresponding sliding groove.

2. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the ladder frame in the second ladder stand structure, the third ladder stand unit and the fourth ladder stand unit is provided with two first avoidance grooves which are symmetrically distributed and used for enabling two limiting clamping plates arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate in the upper ladder stand unit to swing.

3. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the one end that above-mentioned spacing cardboard kept away from corresponding and prevents falling the semicircle board has the inclined plane.

4. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the ladder frame in the second ladder stand unit and the third ladder stand unit is provided with two symmetrically distributed second avoiding grooves for two limiting clamping plates arranged on the anti-falling semicircular plate in the ladder stand unit to swing.

5. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower ends of the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit, the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit are provided with first mounting grooves for the sliding of the trigger blocks in the trigger mechanisms mounted in the ladder climbing units;

and the lower ends of the ladder frames in the first ladder climbing unit, the second ladder climbing unit and the third ladder climbing unit are provided with second guide wheels which play a role in guiding the first pull rope in the trigger mechanism in the ladder climbing unit.

6. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mounting shell in the transmission mechanism is provided with a shaft hole for the second pull rope sleeve to pass through and the fourth pull rope to pass through; the mounting shell in the transmission mechanism is provided with a square opening for the rack to penetrate through.

7. A safety ladder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a third guide wheel which plays a role in guiding the third pull rope is arranged in the mounting shell of the transmission mechanism.

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