CN111618146A - Hot stamping method for zinc-based coating coated steel and hot stamping forming component - Google Patents
Hot stamping method for zinc-based coating coated steel and hot stamping forming component Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618146A CN111618146A CN202010399764.8A CN202010399764A CN111618146A CN 111618146 A CN111618146 A CN 111618146A CN 202010399764 A CN202010399764 A CN 202010399764A CN 111618146 A CN111618146 A CN 111618146A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/02—Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a hot stamping method for zinc-based coating coated steel, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical materials and hot stamping processes, and comprising the following steps of: preheating the zinc-based coating coated steel; heating the preheated steel to complete austenitizing of the steel, and performing hot stamping forming and quenching after transferring. The hot stamping method can effectively reduce the cracks of the steel plate, reduce the crack depth and further improve the mechanical property of the steel plate. The invention also discloses a hot stamping forming component made of the zinc-based coating coated steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials and hot stamping processes, and particularly relates to a hot stamping method for zinc-based plating coating steel and a hot stamping forming component.
Background
The 'light weight' of the automobile can directly reduce the emission and the oil consumption, and is the main direction and the target of the development of the automobile manufacturing industry at present. The use of high strength and ultra-high strength steel has positive and effective effect to the car automobile body lightweight, but along with the steel intensity for the automobile body constantly improves, its plasticity appears and drops by a wide margin, formability greatly reduced, easily produces fracture and resilience in the forming process, seriously influences the shape and the size precision of part. The hot stamping forming technology utilizes the characteristic of easy forming without resilience at high temperature and the quenching and cooling of a die, can obtain ultrahigh-strength parts of more than 1300MPa, and can well solve the problems of easy cracking, serious resilience and the like of cold forming.
The existing hot stamping forming methods mainly comprise two methods, namely direct hot stamping and indirect hot stamping. In the direct hot stamping method, a steel plate is directly heated to a temperature higher than austenitizing temperature and is kept warm for a certain time to ensure that the steel plate structure achieves complete austenitizing. Thereafter, the heated steel sheet is transferred to a forming die and formed therein into a finished member in a one-step forming process while achieving hardening by means of cooling of the die (the cooling rate of the die is greater than the critical cooling rate of the steel sheet) to complete martensitic transformation. In the indirect hot stamping method, the component is first formed to near completion (typically 90% pre-form) in a multi-step forming process. Then the mixture is put into a heating furnace to be heated until the mixture is completely austenitized and is kept for a period of time. The heated component is then transferred to a component final size forming die, where special care is taken to take into account the thermal expansion of the pre-formed component. After the specific cooling of the mold is completed, the pre-formed component is cooled in the mold at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate to achieve hardening. Direct hot stamping methods are easier to implement but only allow the production of parts that are relatively simple in shape. The indirect hot stamping process is more complex, but at the same time more complex shaped parts can be produced.
In addition, in order to prevent the surface of the hot stamped steel sheet from being oxidized and decarburized and to improve the corrosion resistance of the hot stamped steel sheet, at present, the plating layers used for the hot stamped steel mainly include Al to Si plating layers, Gl plating layers, GA plating layers, X to TEC plating layers, and Zn to Ni plating layers. Al-Si plating, Gl plating and GA plating have been commercially used, but X-TEC plating and ZnNi plating have rarely been commercially used. The hot stamping steel plate with the zinc-based coating can prevent surface oxidation and decarburization in the heating process, does not need a shot blasting process in the follow-up process, can provide a sacrificial anode protection effect, and improves the corrosion resistance after painting.
However, in the direct hot stamping process, the zinc-based plated hot stamped steel sheet has problems in that: the steel sheet is embrittled, and the parts have surface cracks and spread to the matrix, which causes problems such as strength reduction, and affects the use of the steel sheet. The use of the indirect hot stamping process during subsequent post-form hardening reduces the number of matrix cracks, but again does not avoid them, and the multi-step preforming increases the production cost of the part.
A galvanized steel sheet for hot pressing and a method for producing a hot press-formed article, which are disclosed in application No. CN108138282A, and which can shorten the heating time for suppressing LME by providing a galvanized steel sheet capable of shortening the heating time for suppressing LME cracking in the hot pressing step and a hot press-formed galvanized steel sheet obtained by hot pressing using the galvanized steel sheet, characterized in that an internal oxide is present on the base steel sheet side at the interface between the galvanized layer and the base steel sheet, and a press forming method is not disclosed.
A hot stamping forming method of a zinc-based plated steel plate or steel strip with the authorization number of CN107127238B is characterized in that a precooling device is applied when the steel plate leaves an annealing furnace, the steel plate is cooled to 650-700 ℃ at a cooling speed of more than 30 ℃/s, blanking is carried out according to the shape and the size of a part, then the steel plate is quickly transferred to a die for hot stamping forming, hardening is carried out in the die at a speed of more than 30 ℃/s, and the hot stamping forming temperature is kept between 400 ℃ and 650 ℃. The method can avoid the substrate cracks caused by local stress and liquid metal brittleness (LME) and is used for solving the problem that the conventional zinc-based hot stamping forming steel cannot avoid the substrate cracks. According to the method, hot stamping is carried out at a lower temperature through pre-cooling, the deformation resistance is increased through lower-temperature forming, the loss cost of a die is increased, and meanwhile, a pre-cooling device is added, so that the production cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that cracks are generated on a hot stamping steel plate with a zinc-based coating, the invention provides a hot stamping method for steel coated with the zinc-based coating, which can effectively reduce the cracks of the steel plate, reduce the crack depth and further improve the strength of the steel plate.
The invention also discloses a hot stamping forming component made of the zinc-based coating coated steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a zinc-based plated coated steel hot stamping method comprising:
preheating zinc-based coating steel, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 60-300 s, the heating rate V1 between room temperature and 430 ℃ is less than 15 ℃/s in the preheating process, and the heating rate V2 is less than 10 ℃/s after the temperature reaches 430 ℃;
heating the preheated steel to complete austenitizing of the steel, and performing hot stamping forming and quenching after transferring.
Wherein the method for heating the preheated steel comprises the following steps: and heating the preheated steel to a temperature above Ac3, and keeping the temperature for 60-200 s.
Furthermore, the transfer time of the steel which is completely austenitized is less than 10S, the hot stamping forming temperature is 550-720 ℃, the hot stamping pressure maintaining pressure is 200-1000 tons, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 seconds.
The zinc-based coating coated steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.15 to 0.40, Si: 0.02 to 0.5, Al: 0.02 to 1.5, Mn: 0.5 to 3.6, Cr: 0.01 to 0.7, Mo: 0.01 to 0.7, B: 0.001 to 0.005, S: 0.005 or less, P: 0.01 or less, N: 0.015 or less, 0: less than or equal to 0.003;
wherein, the content of (Cr + Mo) is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.0 percent; also added are Ti: 0.01 to 0.15, Nb: 0.01 to 0.15, V: 0.01-0.15, and simultaneously satisfies the following conditions:
0.03 percent to 0.45 percent (Ti + Nb + V); the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, the thickness of the zinc-based coating on the substrate is 3-30 μm, and the zinc-based coating contains aluminum with the weight percentage less than or equal to 3%.
A method of making a zinc-based coated steel comprising:
hot rolling, acid washing and cold rolling the casting blank to form a cold and hard steel strip;
and (3) annealing and galvanizing the cold and hard steel strip, finishing, straightening, adjusting the shape of the strip, and coiling the strip to form a steel coil.
The preparation process of the cold-hard steel strip comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of smelting and casting raw materials to obtain a casting blank, heating the casting blank to a tapping temperature of 1100-1280 ℃, a hot rolling finishing temperature of 750-950 ℃, and a hot rolling coiling temperature of 500-700 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled coil, pickling after hot rolling, and then cold rolling to form a steel strip, wherein the cold rolling reduction is 40-80%.
Further, the annealing galvanizing treatment method comprises the following steps:
heating the cold-hardened steel strip to 720-850 ℃, continuously annealing after heat preservation, cooling to the hot dipping temperature at the speed of 5-50 ℃/s, and carrying out hot galvanizing in a zinc pot; the temperature of the zinc pot is 400-520 ℃, the hot dipping time is 2-20s, and the zinc pot is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 3-50 ℃/s after hot dipping.
A zinc-based plating coating steel hot stamping forming component is prepared by adopting the zinc-based plating coating steel through the hot stamping method.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the hot stamping method for the zinc-based coating coated steel provided by the invention is characterized in that the prepared zinc-based coating coated steel is formed by a hot stamping method, the hot stamping process is improved by adjusting the component proportion of a steel plate, the depth of crack expansion of a hot stamping forming component to a substrate is reduced to be less than or equal to 5 mu m while the performances of the steel plate, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and the like, are not lower than those of the traditional hot stamping steel plate, and the problems of steel plate embrittlement and crack generated by the traditional hot stamping process are effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the hot stamping process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the plated structure after preheating in example 1 of the present invention: the grey part at the bottom of the figure is a base body, and the grey-white part above the base body is a plating layer.
FIG. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the plated structure after preheating in example 3 of the present invention: the grey part at the bottom of the figure is a base body, and the grey-white part above the base body is a plating layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides the following general ideas:
in the research, the Embrittlement and cracking problems of the hot stamping steel plate with the zinc-based coating are found, and the main reason is that the zinc-based coating is liquefied at the high temperature of 900 ℃ to cause the Embrittlement of the steel plate, namely LME (Liquid Metal Embrittlement), so that the surface cracks of parts are easy to generate and spread to a matrix in the high-temperature stamping forming process, the strength is reduced, and the like, thereby influencing the use of the steel plate.
The application improves the hot stamping forming process of steel (steel plates, steel strips or steel coils). The method is characterized in that a preheating process is added before the austenitizing process of the steel, the preheating temperature is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-300 s, the heating rate V1 between room temperature and 430 ℃ is less than 15 ℃/s in the preheating process, and the heating rate V2 is less than 5 ℃/s after the temperature reaches 430 ℃.
After the preheating temperature exceeds the melting point of the zinc element, the preheating temperature rise rate is reduced, so that Fe atoms on the surface of the steel plate are fully diffused to a zinc layer to form partial Zn-Fe alloy, the content of the Fe element in the coating is more than 10%, the zinc-iron alloy can effectively improve the melting point of the coating, avoid the melting of the coating and reduce the volatilization of the Zn element. The method avoids the embrittlement of the steel plate caused by the liquefaction of the zinc-based coating at the high temperature of 900 ℃ and the generation of cracks in the punch forming process. And the limitation of the application of the steel plate by a narrow austenitizing window in order to prevent the evaporation of Zn in the coating is also avoided.
The hot stamping forming process combines the adjustment of the applicant on the components and the proportion of the steel, and the generation of cracks can be further reduced and the depth of the cracks can be reduced under the synergistic effect of the components and the proportion.
The hot press forming process of zinc-based plating coated steel according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, comparative examples and experimental data.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a zinc-based plating layer coated steel hot stamping forming component has the following components by weight percent (wt%): c: 0.22, Si: 0.43, AI: 0.039, Mn: 1.3, Cr: 0.2, Mo: 0.02, B: 0.003, Ti: 0.025, Nb: 0.045, V: 0.06, S: 0.0030, P: 0.009, N: 0.0050,0: 0.001, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The specific manufacturing method is as follows:
1) forming a cold-hard steel strip through smelting, casting, hot rolling and acid pickling and cold rolling:
smelting and casting to obtain a casting blank; heating and discharging the casting blank at 1100-1280 ℃, finishing the hot rolling at 890 ℃, and coiling the hot rolling at 620 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled coil; carrying out conventional acid washing after hot rolling to remove surface oxide skin; and (4) carrying out acid washing and cold rolling to form a steel strip, wherein the cold rolling reduction is 65%.
2) The zinc plating pretreatment process mainly comprises degreasing by alkaline or acidic solution, water cleaning, electrolytic degreasing, acid cleaning, water cleaning and the like, and mainly aims to remove grease, residual iron and other impurities on the surface of a substrate after acid rolling so as to keep the surface of the strip steel clean.
3) Annealing and galvanizing treatment:
performing hot galvanizing annealing on the cold-hard steel strip, specifically, heating the cold-hard steel strip to 720-850 ℃, continuously annealing after heat preservation, cooling to a hot dip plating temperature at 15 ℃/s, and performing hot galvanizing in a zinc pot; the temperature of the zinc pot is 450 ℃, the aluminum content of zinc liquid is less than or equal to 3 percent, the hot dip coating time is 4s, the zinc is cooled to be below 200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/s after the hot dip coating, and the zinc plating is 3-30 mu m.
4) Shearing, blanking, preheating to 760 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60s, wherein the heating rate V1 is 10 ℃/s between room temperature and 430 ℃, and the heating rate V2 is 7 ℃/s between 430 ℃ and 750 ℃.
5) Conveying the pre-heated steel plate to a heating furnace at 930 ℃ for heat preservation for 140s, transferring the steel plate out of the heating furnace, cooling to 720 ℃, transferring the steel plate to a die for punch forming and quenching, wherein the quenching cooling speed is not less than 30 ℃/s, the pressure maintaining pressure is 700 tons, the quenching in the die is 8s, and then taking out and cooling to the room temperature.
The steel plate has high C content, so that the rolling mill is easy to bear too much due to cold rolling reduction, and the grain size is controlled to meet the requirement on mechanical property for ensuring equivalent reduction, so that the reduction is preferably below 80 percent and can be further preferably 40-75 percent.
Specifically, in the hot stamping forming component, the Fe element of the preheated substrate diffuses into the zinc-based coating, and the Fe element content in the coating system of the preheated component is about 40%; the melting point of the plating layer is improved, and LME is effectively inhibited.
Preferably, the hot stamping forming temperature is 720 ℃, so that the production efficiency can be effectively improved.
In the step 5), austenitizing can be carried out by heating the temperature above Ac3 in a transverse magnetic flux induction heating mode and the like, and heat preservation is carried out for 60-180s, so that the transverse magnetic flux induction heating device has the advantages of high heating speed, high heating precision, less pollution, convenience in realizing automatic management and the like compared with the traditional fuel heating mode, and has the advantages of low reactive power, effective energy conservation and the like.
Example 2
In the hot stamping method for zinc-based plating coating steel and the hot stamping forming member thereof provided by this embodiment, the substrate comprises the following components by weight percent: c: 0.32, Si: 0.43, Al: 0.039, Mn: 1.6, Cr: 0.12, Mo: 0.12, B: 0.003, Ti: 0.025, Nb: 0.045, S: 0.0025, P: 0.006, N: 0.0045,0: 0.001, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the manufacturing method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) forming a cold-hard steel strip through smelting, casting, hot rolling and acid pickling and cold rolling:
smelting and casting to obtain a casting blank; heating the casting blank to a discharge temperature of 1100-1280 ℃, a hot rolling finishing temperature of 900 ℃, and a hot rolling coiling temperature of 660 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled coil; carrying out conventional acid washing after hot rolling to remove surface oxide skin; and (4) carrying out acid washing and cold rolling to form a steel strip, wherein the cold rolling reduction is 55%.
2) The pretreatment process of galvanization mainly comprises degreasing by alkaline or acidic solution, water cleaning, electrolytic degreasing, acid cleaning, water cleaning and the like, and mainly aims to remove the grease, residual iron and other impurities on the surface of the base plate after acid rolling so as to keep the surface of the strip steel clean;
3) annealing and galvanizing treatment, namely performing hot galvanizing annealing on the cold-hard steel strip, specifically, heating the cold-hard steel strip to 790 ℃, continuously annealing after heat preservation, cooling to a hot dip galvanizing temperature at 15 ℃/s, and performing hot galvanizing in a zinc pot; the temperature of the zinc pot is 440 ℃, the aluminum content of zinc liquid is less than or equal to 3 percent, the hot dip coating time is 3s, and the hot dip coated zinc is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 16 ℃/s and is galvanized for 3-30 mu m.
4) Shearing, blanking, preheating to 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 160s, wherein the heating rate V1 is 13 ℃/s between room temperature and 430 ℃, and the heating rate V2 is 8 ℃/s between 430 ℃ and 550 ℃ at the maximum.
5) Conveying the pre-heated steel plate to a heating furnace at 900 ℃ for heat preservation for 120s, cooling the heating furnace at the steel plate transfer position to 700 ℃, then transferring the steel plate to a die for punch forming and quenching, quenching for 9s in the die, wherein the quenching cooling speed is not less than 25 ℃/s, the pressure maintaining pressure is 800 tons, the pressure maintaining time is 9s, and then taking out and cooling to the room temperature.
Specifically, the steel sheet of the present invention has a high C content, and therefore, the rolling mill is liable to be overloaded during cold rolling reduction, and the grain size is controlled to meet the mechanical property requirement in order to ensure a sufficient reduction ratio, and therefore, the reduction ratio is preferably 80% or less, and more preferably 35 to 70%.
Specifically, in the hot stamping forming component, the Fe element of the preheated substrate is diffused into the zinc-based coating, and the Fe element content in the coating system of the preheated component is 20%; the melting point of the plating layer is improved, and LME is effectively inhibited.
Preferably, the hot stamping forming temperature is 700 ℃, so that the production efficiency can be effectively improved.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that:
1. substrates of zinc-based clad coated steel are different.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the hot stamping method for zinc-based plating coating steel and the hot stamping forming member thereof provided by this embodiment, the substrate comprises the following components by weight percent: c: 0.35, Si: 0.28, Al: 0.035, Mn: 1.4, Cr: 0.16, Mo: 0.1, B: 0.003, Ti: 0.055, Nb: 0.051, S: less than or equal to 0.0028, P: less than or equal to 0.010, N: 0.0047 or less, 0: less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The preheating process is different.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: 4) shearing, blanking, preheating to 800 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 180s, heating at room temperature to 430 deg.C at a heating rate V1 of 12 deg.C/s, and heating at 430 deg.C to 550 deg.C at a heating rate V2 of 4 deg.C/s.
3. Different stamping processes
The method specifically comprises the following steps: conveying the pre-heated steel plate to a heating furnace at 900 ℃ for heat preservation for 160s, transferring the steel plate out of the heating furnace, cooling to 680 ℃, and transferring the steel plate to a die for punch forming and quenching. The quenching cooling speed is more than or equal to 25 ℃/s (supplement), the pressure maintaining pressure is 700 tons, the pressure maintaining time is 8s, and then the steel plate is taken out and cooled to the room temperature. Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that: 1. substrates of zinc-based clad coated steel are different.
In the hot stamping method and the hot stamping forming member of the zinc-based plating coating steel provided by this embodiment, the substrate comprises the following components by weight percent: c: 0.22, Si: 0.50, Al: 0.55, Mn: 2.3, Cr: 0.2, Mo: 0.02, B: 0.003, Ti: 0.018, Nb: 0.045, V: 0.10, S: 0.0028, P: 0.009, N: 0.004, O: 0.0015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. Dwell time (in-mold quenching) was different: and transferring the steel plate out of the heating furnace, cooling to 720 ℃, then transferring the steel plate into a die, performing punch forming and quenching, wherein the cooling speed is more than or equal to 30 ℃/s, the pressure maintaining pressure is 700 tons, the pressure maintaining time is 6s, and then taking out the steel plate from the air and naturally cooling to the room temperature.
The following are comparative examples
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that: the pre-heating process is eliminated.
Step 5) is as follows: and conveying the steel plate to a heating furnace at 900 ℃ for heating to complete austenitizing, cooling the heating furnace at the steel plate transfer position to 660-700 ℃, transferring the steel plate to a die for punch forming and quenching, performing in-die quenching for 9s, maintaining the pressure for 800 tons, and taking out and cooling to room temperature.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that: different preheating process
The specific preheating process comprises the following steps: 4) shearing, blanking, preheating to 550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 200s, and keeping the heating rate at 12 ℃/s all the time.
The steel plate members prepared in examples 1 to 6 were tested. And respectively testing the tensile strength Rm, the yield strength Rp0.2 and the total elongation of the steel by using an INSTRON tensile tester, and measuring the depth of the micro-crack extending to the substrate, the crack density and the Fe content of the coating by using a scanning electron microscope and EDS.
The test results are shown in the following table:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Rm(MPa) | 1526 | 1826 | 1966 | 1488 | 1516 | 1540 |
| Rp0.2(MPa) | 995 | 1215 | 1289 | 903 | 1105 | 1011 |
| Total elongation (%) | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 8 | 6 | 5.5 |
| Average crack depth (. mu.m) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6.5 | 5.5 |
| Pre-heating coating iron content (%) | 39 | 20 | 46 | 38 | Without preheating | 8.5 |
From the above table, it can be seen that:
the steel sheet members prepared in examples 1 to 4 had tensile strength, yield strength, and total elongation comparable to those of the conventional steel sheets, crack depths less than 5 μm, and Fe contents of the plated layers after preheating of > 10%, which were superior to those of the conventional zinc-based plated hot stamped steel sheet members, slightly superior to those of the steel sheet members of example 6, and significantly superior to those of the steel sheet members of example 5.
The steel plate member prepared in example 6 has tensile strength, yield strength, and total elongation comparable to those of the conventional steel plates, and has a crack depth slightly larger than those of the steel plates of examples 1 to 4, but significantly better than that of the steel plate member prepared in example 5.
The steel plate members prepared in examples 5 to 6 have tensile strength, yield strength and total elongation equal to those of the conventional steel plates, the crack depth is greater than 5 μm and can reach 7 to 8 μm at most, and the prepared steel plates have high brittleness and obvious cracks.
In conclusion, the hot stamping process is improved by adjusting the component proportion of the steel plate, so that the depth of the crack of the hot stamping forming component extending to the substrate is reduced to 4 mu m while the performances of the steel plate, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and the like, are not lower than those of the traditional hot stamping steel plate, and the problems of steel plate embrittlement and crack generated by the traditional hot stamping process are effectively solved.
The method has important significance for the development of the steel for zinc-based hot stamping. The invention has simple process for obtaining excellent performance and wide prospect of industrial practical application. The method can be applied to manufacturing structural parts such as automobile body-in-white A/B columns, automobile door anti-collision beams, front and rear bumpers and the like.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A hot stamping method for a zinc-based coating coated steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preheating zinc-based coating steel, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-800 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 60-300 s, the heating rate V1 between room temperature and 430 ℃ is less than 15 ℃/s in the preheating process, and the heating rate V2 is less than 10 ℃/s after the temperature reaches 430 ℃;
heating the preheated steel to complete austenitizing of the steel, and performing hot stamping forming and quenching after transferring.
2. A method of hot stamping a zinc-based coated steel according to claim 1 wherein the method of heating the pre-heated steel comprises: and heating the preheated steel to a temperature above Ac3, and keeping the temperature for 60-200 s.
3. The hot stamping method for the steel coated with the zinc-based coating according to claim 1, wherein the transfer time of the steel subjected to complete austenitizing is less than 10S, the hot stamping forming temperature is 550-720 ℃, the hot stamping pressure maintaining pressure is 200-1000 tons, and the pressure maintaining time is 3-15 seconds.
4. The zinc-based coating coated steel is characterized in that the zinc-based coating coated steel substrate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.15 to 0.40, Si: 0.02 to 0.5, Al: 0.02 to 1.5, Mn: 0.5 to 3.6, Cr: 0.01 to 0.7, Mo: 0.01 to 0.7, B: 0.001 to 0.005, S: 0.005 or less, P: 0.015 or less, N: 0.01 or less, 0: less than or equal to 0.003;
wherein, the content of (Cr + Mo) is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.0 percent; also added are Ti: 0.01 to 0.15, Nb: 0.01 to 0.15, V: 0.01-0.15, and simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: 0.03 percent to 0.45 percent (Ti + Nb + V); the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. A zinc-based coated steel product according to claim 4 wherein the zinc-based coating on the substrate has a thickness of 3 to 30 μm and comprises less than or equal to 3% by weight of aluminium.
6. A method of making a zinc-based coated steel product according to claim 4 or claim 5, including:
hot rolling, acid washing and cold rolling the casting blank to form a cold and hard steel strip;
and (3) annealing and galvanizing the cold and hard steel strip, finishing, straightening, adjusting the shape of the strip, and coiling the strip to form a steel coil.
7. A method of making a zinc-based coated steel product according to claim 6 wherein the process of making the cold-hardened steel strip is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of smelting and casting raw materials to obtain a casting blank, heating the casting blank to a tapping temperature of 1100-1280 ℃, a hot rolling finishing temperature of 750-950 ℃, and a hot rolling coiling temperature of 500-700 ℃ to obtain a hot rolled coil, pickling after hot rolling, and then cold rolling to form a steel strip, wherein the cold rolling reduction is 40-80%.
8. A method of making a zinc-based coated steel product according to claim 6 wherein the annealing galvanization process is as follows:
heating the cold-hardened steel strip to 720-850 ℃, continuously annealing after heat preservation, cooling to the hot dipping temperature at the speed of 5-50 ℃/s, and carrying out hot galvanizing in a zinc pot; the temperature of the zinc pot is 400-520 ℃, the hot dipping time is 2-20s, and the zinc pot is cooled to below 200 ℃ at the speed of 3-50 ℃/s after hot dipping.
9. A zinc-based plated coated steel hot stamped member, which is produced by the hot stamping method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 using the zinc-based plated coated steel according to claim 4 or 5.
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Application publication date: 20200904 |
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