CN111617809A - 一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111617809A
CN111617809A CN202010498205.2A CN202010498205A CN111617809A CN 111617809 A CN111617809 A CN 111617809A CN 202010498205 A CN202010498205 A CN 202010498205A CN 111617809 A CN111617809 A CN 111617809A
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谭连江
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂及其制备方法。其原料包括纳米铁粉，二茂铁，氧化钙，三氧化二铁‑三氧化二铬复合物，锰尖晶石，氧化钾，二氧化锰及纳米钯。制备方法为：将二茂铁、氧化钙、三氧化二铁‑三氧化二铬复合物、锰尖晶石、氧化钾、二氧化锰，研磨并超细化粉碎；将纳米铁粉、纳米钯混合均匀；将两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀，即得复合催化剂。本发明制备的复合催化剂能够加快固废衍生燃料的燃烧速度，提高燃烧效率，显著提升热值，同时可以减少酸性气体和含氯烟气的排放。本发明的制备方法简单易行，在固废衍生燃料行业具有很高的应用价值和良好的市场前景。

Description

一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于固废衍生燃料添加剂技术领域，具体涉及一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂。
背景技术
随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市之中的固体废弃物逐年增长，已经成为影响城市化进程的主要障碍。城市中固体废弃物的管理已经成为了一个亟待解决的问题。焚烧和资源化方式将成为固废处理发展的主要方向。固废衍生燃料是以固体废弃物为原料的一种新型再生能源物质，可广泛应用于发电、供热及各类工业窑炉。由于固废衍生燃料的原料成分复杂，热值差异较大，制得的燃料常常会出现燃烧不稳定、不充分，热值不够高的情况；另一方面，有毒有害气体的排放和燃烧残渣需要进一步减少。如何提高固废衍生燃料的利用率，降低污染物排放，更好地实现环境增值效应，是固废衍生燃料行业亟待解决的关键问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：如何提高固废衍生燃料的利用率，以降低污染物排放。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，其特征在于，原料包括以下以重量份计的组份：纳米铁粉15-25份，二茂铁15-20份，氧化钙10-20份，三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物10-15份，锰尖晶石10-15份，氧化钾6-12份，二氧化锰4-8份，纳米钯2-4份。
本发明还提供了上述提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：分别称取二茂铁、氧化钙、三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物、锰尖晶石、氧化钾、二氧化锰，研磨并超细化粉碎成粒径为150-800nm的粉体；
步骤2)：分别称取纳米铁粉、纳米钯，混合均匀，得到粒径为50-300nm的粉体；
步骤3)：将步骤1)、步骤2)得到的两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀，即得复合催化剂。
本发明制备的复合催化剂能够加快固废衍生燃料的燃烧速度，提高燃烧效率，显著提升热值，同时可以减少酸性气体和含氯烟气的排放。
使用时，在固废衍生燃料中添加重量百分比为0.5％-2％的本发明的复合催化剂。复合催化剂在固废衍生燃料中均匀分散，其纳米级的颗粒尺寸和高比表面积使其具有极高的催化活性，并且能够与燃料本体充分接触，除去燃料中含有的少量水分，大大加快燃料的燃烧速度；同时，复合催化剂在燃烧过程中具有释放氧的功能，为燃料提供了更优的燃烧环境，使燃烧更加充分彻底，显著提高热值。此外，复合催化剂在燃烧过程中能够吸收和分解酸性气体和含氯烟气，降低有毒有害气体的排放。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，具有很高的催化活性，能够与燃料本体充分接触，除去燃料中含有的少量水分，且在燃烧过程中释放大量的氧，促进固废衍生燃料快速、充分燃烧，使燃烧热值提高15％-25％，燃烧残渣减少35％-50％。
(2)本发明的提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，能够有效吸收和分解酸性气体和含氯烟气，加上燃烧充分彻底，显著降低有毒有害气体和污染物排放。
(3)本发明的提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，在低添加量的条件下即可使固废衍生燃料稳定、充分燃烧，热值提高的同时燃烧残渣少，排放低，对提升固废资源化利用率意义重大，经济价值和社会价值高。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)称取二茂铁3kg，氧化钙3kg，三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物2.5kg，锰尖晶石2.4kg，氧化钾2kg，二氧化锰1kg，研磨并超细化粉碎成平均粒径为360nm的粉体；
(2)分别称取纳米铁粉4kg，纳米钯0.4kg，混合均匀，得到平粒径为90nm的粉体；
(3)将上述两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀即得。
以一般工业固废为原料，在制备固废衍生燃料的过程中添加适量上述复合催化剂，与没有添加复合催化剂的燃料一起进行燃烧试验，试验结果见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0002523737690000031
由表1可知，添加了本发明复合催化剂的固废衍生燃料燃烧充分，燃烧热值提升了21.6-23.7％，NOX、SO2排放量减少了75.0-76.9％，剩余残渣减少了38.8-40％。
实施例2
一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)称取二茂铁3.5kg，氧化钙2.4kg，三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物2.7kg，锰尖晶石2kg，氧化钾2.2kg，二氧化锰1.2kg，研磨并超细化粉碎成平均粒径为240nm的粉体；
(2)分别称取纳米铁粉4.5kg，纳米钯0.6kg，混合均匀，得到平粒径为107nm的粉体；
(3)将上述两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀即得。
以一般工业固废为原料，在制备固废衍生燃料的过程中添加适量上述复合催化剂，与没有添加复合催化剂的燃料一起进行燃烧试验，试验结果见表2。
表2
Figure BDA0002523737690000032
Figure BDA0002523737690000041
由表2可知，添加了本发明复合催化剂的固废衍生燃料燃烧充分，燃烧热值提升了21.2-23.8％，NOX、SO2排放量减少了66.9-73.7％，剩余残渣减少了37.0-43.2％。
实施例3
一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)分别称取二茂铁3.8kg，氧化钙2.1kg，三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物2kg，锰尖晶石2.8kg，氧化钾1.6kg，二氧化锰0.7kg，研磨并超细化粉碎成粒径为303nm的粉体；
(2)分别称取纳米铁粉4.6kg，纳米钯0.3kg，混合均匀，得到粒径为127nm的粉体；
(3)将上述两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀即得。
以一般工业固废为原料，在制备固废衍生燃料的过程中添加适量上述复合催化剂，与没有添加复合催化剂的燃料一起进行燃烧试验，试验结果见表3。
表3
Figure BDA0002523737690000042
由表3可知，添加了本发明复合催化剂的固废衍生燃料燃烧充分，燃烧热值提升了26.9-29.3％，NOX、SO2排放量减少了70.8-71.3％，剩余残渣减少了40.4-43.8％。

Claims (2)

1.一种提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂，其特征在于，原料包括以下以重量份计的组份：纳米铁粉15-25份，二茂铁15-20份，氧化钙10-20份，三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物10-15份，锰尖晶石10-15份，氧化钾6-12份，二氧化锰4-8份，纳米钯2-4份。
2.权利要求1所述的提高固废衍生燃料热值的复合催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：分别称取二茂铁、氧化钙、三氧化二铁-三氧化二铬复合物、锰尖晶石、氧化钾、二氧化锰，研磨并超细化粉碎成粒径为150-800nm的粉体；
步骤2)：分别称取纳米铁粉、纳米钯，混合均匀，得到粒径为50-300nm的粉体；
步骤3)：将步骤1)、步骤2)得到的两种粉体在混料机中充分搅拌混合均匀，即得复合催化剂。
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Application publication date: 20200904