CN111616010A - Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in Chinese yam planting - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in Chinese yam planting Download PDFInfo
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in yam planting, which comprises the following steps: applying a slow-release fertilizer to the planting soil, and spraying a diluent of a microcapsule pesticide to the planting holes; the slow release fertilizer takes compound fertilizer particles consisting of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate as an inner core, konjac glucomannan modified acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer as an inner-layer coating material and nano montmorillonite as an outer-layer coating material; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; the foliar fertilizer comprises humic acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, oligogalacturonide, urea, deionized water and graphene; irrigating the field with the diluent of the microcapsule pesticide from the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months; the microcapsule pesticide takes phoxim as a core material and takes a beta-cyclodextrin/soybean soluble polysaccharide compound as a wall material. The method can effectively reduce plant diseases and insect pests in Chinese yam planting, improve Chinese yam quality, and has the advantages of less pesticide residue on Chinese yam surface and high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in Chinese yam planting.
Background
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, also known as rhizoma Dioscoreae or rhizoma Dioscoreae, is a plant of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscorea. Like most dioscorea plants, the underground tubers of yam are edible. The Chinese yam has different leaves due to different varieties, and has alternate, opposite, single leaf or 3-7 finger-shaped small leaves, and the axillary has bulbil. The flowers of Chinese yam are unisexual flowers, belong to the heterosexual plants, and have inflorescences arranged in spike shapes or cone shapes. The number of stamens is different, some 6 stamens and some 3 stamens: ovary 3 rooms, 2 ovules in each room. The fruit of Chinese yam is capsule, the fruit and seed have wings, and the fruit has 3 wings. Chinese yam is widely distributed in northeast, central, southeast and southwest of China, and is also planted in korea and Japan. The unique varieties are formed in many places. Chinese yam is a high-yield and high-efficiency economic crop, is durable in storage and easy to transport, and has a sale time of up to half a year. Therefore, the development prospect is wide. The Chinese yam is divided into two categories of medicinal use and edible use, and the edible Chinese yam is mainly used in south. The medicinal yam is mostly planted in north of Hebei, Henan province and Shanxi central south. Because of its high medicinal and tonic values, it is a main raw material of many medicines and an important tonic food.
In the yam planting process, the problem of plant diseases and insect pests is always the main reason for influencing the final yield of the yam, so that the growers need to research the green prevention and control technology of the yam plant diseases and insect pests, and the economic benefit is prevented from being influenced. The Chinese yam has more plant diseases and insect pests, and serious damage degree, which has serious influence on the quality of the Chinese yam. Therefore, in the yam cultivation process, a grower needs to attach importance to the attention points of yam cultivation, implement a comprehensive prevention strategy, improve the application strength of a green prevention and treatment technology, and enhance the prevention and treatment effect of yam while controlling the pesticide residues in the yam by matching with other effective prevention and treatment means; at present, the method for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests of the Chinese yam is mainly to spray pesticides, which can cause a large amount of pesticide residues and reduce the safety of the Chinese yam.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in yam planting is provided; the method can effectively reduce plant diseases and insect pests in Chinese yam planting, improve Chinese yam quality, and has the advantages of less pesticide residue on Chinese yam surface and high safety.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) prevention and treatment before planting: applying a slow-release fertilizer to the planting soil, and spraying a diluent of a microcapsule pesticide to the planting holes; the slow release fertilizer takes mixed fertilizer particles consisting of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate as an inner core, konjac glucomannan modified acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer as an inner-layer coating material and nano montmorillonite as an outer-layer coating material;
(2) and (3) control in the growth period: spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; the foliar fertilizer comprises humic acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, oligogalacturonide, urea and deionized water, and graphene is added as a synergist; irrigating the field with the diluent of the microcapsule pesticide from the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months;
the microcapsule pesticide is prepared by taking phoxim as a core material and taking a beta-cyclodextrin/soybean soluble polysaccharide compound as a wall material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of urea to potassium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium nitrate is 10: 5: (3-7).
Preferably, in the step (2), the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of oligogalacturonan, 20-40 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of graphene and 50-80 parts of deionized water.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the preparation method of the microcapsule pesticide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing phoxim and isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing and stirring beta-cyclodextrin and water until a solid is dissolved, then adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding the aqueous solution of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 50-70 ℃ for reaction for 2-5 h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and finally drying the precipitate; the microcapsule pesticide is prepared.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the phoxim, the beta-cyclodextrin, the soybean soluble polysaccharide and the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 1: (7-10): (7-10): 0.025.
preferably, the temperature of the beta-cyclodextrin and water during mixing and stirring is 65-75 ℃.
Preferably, the stirring reaction temperature under the water bath condition is 45-55 ℃, and the stirring reaction time is 3-5 h.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) mixing konjac glucomannan with water, stirring and preheating for 1-2 hours at 40-45 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution;
2) mixing and stirring acrylic acid, acrylamide and deionized water uniformly to prepare a monomer mixed solution; adding potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 3-6 h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
3) adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and preheating at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 30-50 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; and then uniformly spraying the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, finally uniformly spraying nano montmorillonite powder, and drying to prepare the slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the konjac glucomannan, the acrylic acid, the acrylamide, the potassium persulfate and the N, N' -methylene acrylamide is (0.5-1): 1: (0.5-1.5): (0.001-0.005): (0.0025 to 0.005).
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the mixed fertilizer particles, the coating liquid and the nano montmorillonite powder is 1: (0.5-1): 1.
the diluent of the microcapsule pesticide can be preferably 500-1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pest control method in Chinese yam planting provided by the invention comprises prevention before planting and prevention in a growth period, and the pest control is carried out aiming at different stages of Chinese yam, so that the method is strong in pertinence and good in effect. Before field planting, firstly, treating field planting soil by adopting a self-made slow-release fertilizer, and then spraying 500 times of self-made microcapsule pesticide liquid into a field planting hole; the slow release fertilizer takes compound fertilizer granules consisting of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate as an inner core, konjac glucomannan modified acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer as an inner-layer coating material and nano montmorillonite as an outer-layer coating material; the fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical structure of soil, thereby improving the stress resistance of the Chinese yam; the microcapsule pesticide has good insecticidal effect, certain slow release effect and lasting pesticide effect. The invention can provide nutrient for yam growth by applying additional fertilizer in time during the growth and development period of yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; the foliar fertilizer comprises humic acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, oligogalacturonide, urea and deionized water, and graphene is added as a synergist; humic acid can effectively improve soil, improve the utilization rate of the yam to fertilizer and enhance the cold and drought resistance of the yam; the sodium alginate oligosaccharide and oligogalacturonide can induce the defense reaction of the Chinese yam, improve the disease resistance of the Chinese yam and further regulate the growth and development of the Chinese yam; the graphene has strong adsorbability, can be used as a carrier of a fertilizer, and can effectively promote the absorption of water and nutrients by the Chinese yam. Irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months; the microcapsule pesticide takes phoxim as a core material and takes a beta-cyclodextrin/soybean soluble polysaccharide compound as a wall material. The pesticide has good effect and long-lasting drug effect.
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in yam planting, which comprises the steps of mixing phoxim and isopropanol to prepare a core material solution when preparing a microcapsule pesticide; then mixing beta-cyclodextrin and water, adding the mixture into the core material solution, and stirring and reacting under the water bath condition; and after the reaction is finished, adding the aqueous solution of the soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously dropwise adding polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and reacting at a certain temperature to obtain the microcapsule pesticide. The beta-cyclodextrin is a cyclic compound, the shape of the beta-cyclodextrin is in a round table shape, hydrophilic groups are distributed on the surface to form a hydrophilic area, hydrophobic groups are distributed at the hollow part inside the beta-cyclodextrin to form a hydrophobic area, and phoxim can enter the cavity of the hydrophobic area of the beta-cyclodextrin to realize inclusion; then in order to further improve the hydrophilicity, the invention adds the soybean soluble polysaccharide and adds the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a cross-linking agent; the main structure of the soybean soluble polysaccharide has carboxyl active groups, and physical crosslinking can be provided through hydrogen bonds; the beta-cyclodextrin molecular chain also has hydroxyl active groups, and a three-dimensional polymer network is formed under the action of the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to prepare the microcapsule pesticide.
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in yam planting, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a coating liquid of konjac glucomannan modified acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer when preparing a slow-release fertilizer; then spraying the nano montmorillonite powder on the surface of mixed fertilizer granules consisting of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate, finally spraying a layer of nano montmorillonite powder on the outer layer of the coating liquid, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer. The konjac glucomannan is rich in active groups such as hydroxyl groups, acetyl groups and the like, has good water solubility and excellent biodegradability, can improve the degradability of the acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer by modifying the acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer, and has excellent water absorbability and water retention property; the nano montmorillonite has good adhesive property and cation exchange property, can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and improve the fertility of the soil; the slow release fertilizer prepared by using the two as coating materials of the fertilizer not only can improve the fertility of soil, but also can improve the utilization rate of the yam as nutrients, thereby improving the yield and quality of the yam.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of phoxim and 50ml of isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing 70g of beta-cyclodextrin and 1000ml of water at 65 ℃ and stirring until the solid is dissolved, cooling to 45 ℃, adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting for 3 hours under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding an aqueous solution containing 70g of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding 0.25g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 50 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate by sequentially adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally drying the precipitate; preparing the microcapsule pesticide;
(2) mixing 5g of konjac glucomannan with 50ml of water, stirring and preheating for 1h at 40 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution; mixing 10g of acrylic acid, 5g of acrylamide and 100ml of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution; adding 0.01-0.05g of potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding 0.025g N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
(3) adding 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 3g of calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and carrying out preheating treatment at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 30 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; then, uniformly spraying 9g of the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, uniformly spraying 18g of nano-montmorillonite powder, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;
(4) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, the prepared slow release fertilizer is applied to the field planting soil, and 80kg of the slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu; spraying 500 times of solution of the microcapsule pesticide into the planting holes;
(5) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; spraying 60kg of the fertilizer per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 10 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 2 parts of oligogalacturonide, 20 parts of urea, 1 part of graphene and 50 parts of deionized water; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Example 2
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of phoxim and 50ml of isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing 75g of beta-cyclodextrin and 1000ml of water at 65 ℃ and stirring until the solid is dissolved, cooling to 45 ℃, adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting for 3.5 hours under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding an aqueous solution containing 75g of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding 0.25g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 50 ℃ for reaction for 3h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate by sequentially adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally drying the precipitate; preparing the microcapsule pesticide;
(2) mixing 6g of konjac glucomannan with 50ml of water, stirring and preheating for 1.2h at 40 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution; mixing 10g of acrylic acid, 7g of acrylamide and 100ml of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution; adding 0.02g of potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding 0.03g N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
(3) adding 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 4g of calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and carrying out preheating treatment at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 30 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; then, uniformly spraying 10g of the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, uniformly spraying 19g of nano-montmorillonite powder, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;
(4) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, 85g of the prepared slow release fertilizer is applied to the field planting soil per mu; spraying 500 times of solution of the microcapsule pesticide into the planting holes;
(5) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; 70kg of spraying agent is sprayed per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 3 parts of oligogalacturonide, 25 parts of urea, 1 part of graphene and 60 parts of deionized water; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Example 3
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of phoxim and 50ml of isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing 80g of beta-cyclodextrin and 1000ml of water at 70 ℃, stirring until the solid is dissolved, cooling to 50 ℃, adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting for 4 hours under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding an aqueous solution containing 80g of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding 0.25g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 60 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate by sequentially adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally drying the precipitate; preparing the microcapsule pesticide;
(2) mixing 7g of konjac glucomannan with 50ml of water, stirring and preheating for 1.5 hours at 45 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution; mixing 10g of acrylic acid, 9g of acrylamide and 100ml of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution; adding 0.03g of potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding 0.035g N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 5 hours at 70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
(3) adding 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 5g of calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and carrying out preheating treatment at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 40 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; then, uniformly spraying 15g of the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, uniformly spraying 20g of nano-montmorillonite powder, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;
(4) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, the prepared slow release fertilizer is applied to the field planting soil, and 90kg of the slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu; spraying 500 times of solution of the microcapsule pesticide into the planting holes;
(5) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; 70kg of spraying agent is sprayed per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises 15 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 3.5 parts of oligogalacturonide, 35 parts of urea, 2 parts of graphene and 70 parts of deionized water in parts by weight; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Example 4
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of phoxim and 50ml of isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing 90g of beta-cyclodextrin and 1000ml of water at 70 ℃, stirring until the solid is dissolved, cooling to 50 ℃, adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting for 4.5 hours under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding an aqueous solution containing 90g of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding 0.25g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 65 ℃ for reaction for 4.5h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate by sequentially adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally drying the precipitate; preparing the microcapsule pesticide;
(2) mixing 8g of konjac glucomannan with 50ml of water, stirring and preheating for 2 hours at 40 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution; mixing 10g of acrylic acid, 13g of acrylamide and 100ml of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution; adding 0.04g of potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding 0.04g N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 5 hours at 70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
(3) adding 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 6g of calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and carrying out preheating treatment at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 50 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; then, uniformly spraying 20g of the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, uniformly spraying 20g of nano-montmorillonite powder, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;
(4) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, the prepared slow release fertilizer is applied to the field planting soil, and 90kg of the slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu; spraying 500 times of solution of the microcapsule pesticide into the planting holes;
(5) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; spraying 85kg of the fertilizer per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises 18 parts of humic acid, 4.5 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 4.5 parts of oligogalacturonide, 35 parts of urea, 2 parts of graphene and 75 parts of deionized water in parts by weight; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Example 5
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of phoxim and 50ml of isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing 100g of beta-cyclodextrin and 1000ml of water at 75 ℃ and stirring until the solid is dissolved, cooling to 55 ℃, adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting for 5 hours under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding an aqueous solution containing 100g of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding 0.25g of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 70 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate by sequentially adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally drying the precipitate; preparing the microcapsule pesticide;
(2) mixing 10g of konjac glucomannan with 50ml of water, stirring and preheating for 2 hours at 45 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution; mixing 10g of acrylic acid, 15g of acrylamide and 100ml of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a monomer mixed solution; adding 0.05g of potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding 0.05g N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 6 hours at 80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
(3) adding 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 7g of calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and carrying out preheating treatment at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 50 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; then, uniformly spraying 22g of the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, uniformly spraying 22g of nano-montmorillonite powder, and drying to obtain the slow-release fertilizer;
(4) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, the prepared slow release fertilizer is applied to the field planting soil, and 100kg of the slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu; spraying 500 times of solution of the microcapsule pesticide into the planting holes;
(5) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; spraying 90kg of the fertilizer per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 5 parts of oligogalacturonide, 40 parts of urea, 2 parts of graphene and 80 parts of deionized water; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Comparative example
A pest control method in yam planting comprises the following steps:
(1) when Chinese yam is planted in a field, applying urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate in the field planting soil according to the mass ratio of 10: 5: 7, applying 100kg of mixed fertilizer granules per mu; spraying 500 times of solution of phoxim into the planting holes;
(2) topdressing is carried out in time during the growth and development period of the Chinese yam; spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; spraying 90kg of the fertilizer per mu; the foliar fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 5 parts of oligogalacturonide, 40 parts of urea, 2 parts of graphene and 80 parts of deionized water; and irrigating 1000 times of the microcapsule pesticide in the field from the first 6 th to the last 7 th of the month.
Detecting the morbidity, the yield and the pesticide residue of the Chinese yam planted by the pest control method; the planting conditions are the same except for different pest control methods in the yam planting process, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Yield, kg/mu | Incidence of disease% | Pesticide residue amount of mg/kg | |
| Example 1 | 255 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Example 2 | 256 | 3.3 | 0.001 |
| Example 3 | 255 | 3.7 | 0.001 |
| Example 4 | 257 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Example 5 | 256 | 3.5 | 0.001 |
| Comparative example 1 | 145 | 10.3 | 0.03 |
From the test results, the yield of the Chinese yam acted by the microcapsule pesticide and the slow-release fertilizer is obviously improved, the morbidity and pesticide residue of the Chinese yam are greatly reduced, and the yield and the quality of the Chinese yam are improved.
Claims (10)
1. A pest control method in yam planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) prevention and treatment before planting: applying a slow-release fertilizer to the planting soil, and spraying a diluent of a microcapsule pesticide to the planting holes; the slow release fertilizer takes mixed fertilizer particles consisting of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium nitrate as an inner core, konjac glucomannan modified acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer as an inner-layer coating material and nano montmorillonite as an outer-layer coating material;
(2) and (3) control in the growth period: spraying a leaf fertilizer on the Chinese yam vines after half-frame; the foliar fertilizer comprises humic acid, sodium alginate oligosaccharide, oligogalacturonide, urea and deionized water, and graphene is added as a synergist; irrigating the field with the diluent of the microcapsule pesticide from the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months;
the microcapsule pesticide is prepared by taking phoxim as a core material and taking a beta-cyclodextrin/soybean soluble polysaccharide compound as a wall material.
2. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of urea to potassium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium nitrate is (10: 5): (3-7).
3. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 2-5 parts of oligogalacturonan, 20-40 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of graphene and 50-80 parts of deionized water.
4. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the microcapsule pesticide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing phoxim and isopropanol to prepare a core material solution; mixing and stirring beta-cyclodextrin and water until a solid is dissolved, then adding the prepared core material solution, and stirring and reacting under the condition of water bath; cooling to room temperature, adding the aqueous solution of soybean soluble polysaccharide into the reaction system, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously dropwise adding polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; slowly heating to 50-70 ℃ for reaction for 2-5 h, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing the precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and finally drying the precipitate; the microcapsule pesticide is prepared.
5. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 4, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the phoxim to the beta cyclodextrin to the soybean soluble polysaccharide to the polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 1: (7-10): (7-10): 0.025.
6. the pest control method in yam planting according to claim 4, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the beta-cyclodextrin and water during mixing and stirring is 65-75 ℃.
7. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 4, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: the stirring reaction temperature under the water bath condition is 45-55 ℃, and the stirring reaction time is 3-5 h.
8. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) mixing konjac glucomannan with water, stirring and preheating for 1-2 hours at 40-45 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; preparing konjac glucomannan solution;
2) mixing and stirring acrylic acid, acrylamide and deionized water uniformly to prepare a monomer mixed solution; adding potassium persulfate into the konjac glucomannan solution, uniformly mixing, adding the prepared monomer mixed solution, and then adding N, N' -methylene acrylamide; stirring and reacting for 3-6 h at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a coating liquid;
3) adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate into a mixing container, and preheating at 40 +/-5 ℃ for 30-50 min; preparing mixed fertilizer particles; and then uniformly spraying the prepared coating liquid on the surfaces of the mixed fertilizer particles by using a high-pressure spray gun, spraying water on the surfaces of the particles after drying, finally uniformly spraying nano montmorillonite powder, and drying to prepare the slow-release fertilizer.
9. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 8, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the konjac glucomannan to the acrylic acid to the acrylamide to the potassium persulfate to the N, N' -methylene acrylamide is (0.5-1): 1: (0.5-1.5): (0.001-0.005): (0.0025 to 0.005).
10. The pest control method in yam planting according to claim 8, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixed fertilizer particles to the coating liquid to the nano montmorillonite powder is 1: (0.5-1): 1.
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