CN111610513B - Method, system and device for extracting multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal - Google Patents

Method, system and device for extracting multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal Download PDF

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CN111610513B
CN111610513B CN202010498008.0A CN202010498008A CN111610513B CN 111610513 B CN111610513 B CN 111610513B CN 202010498008 A CN202010498008 A CN 202010498008A CN 111610513 B CN111610513 B CN 111610513B
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张宁
赵必强
曾令旗
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/021—Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like, e.g. radar jamming signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G01S7/4026—Antenna boresight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
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    • G01S7/403—Antenna boresight in azimuth, i.e. in the horizontal plane

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a device for extracting a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal, aiming at solving the problem that a scattered signal is difficult to calculate and extract due to the change of a beam cross scattering volume moment. The system method comprises the following steps: calculating the directional diagrams of the grid antenna arrays of the transmitting station and each receiving station; for the grid antenna array of each receiving station, if the grid antenna array of each receiving station and the grid antenna array of the transmitting station are positioned in the same base, acquiring a received scattering signal by using a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method, and otherwise, acquiring the height of a scattering volume in the direction of a transmitting beam; calculating a scattering volume; integrating the scattering volume with the directional diagrams of the grid antenna arrays of the transmitting station and the receiving station, and calculating the scattering signals received by the grid arrays of the receiving stations by combining the power of a transmitter of the transmitting station; and circularly acquiring the scattering signals received by the grid antenna array of each receiving station. The invention solves the problem that the scattering signal is difficult to calculate and extract.

Description

Method, system and device for extracting multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a device for extracting a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal.
Background
The ionized layer is a partial ionized plasma region with the height range of five, sixty to one or two thousand kilometers above the earth, is the most closely related key level to human activities in the space environment of the day and the ground, and has important influence on radio communication, satellite navigation and positioning, manned space flight and the like. Among all ionospheric detection means, incoherent scatter radar is the strongest detection means so far, and has the advantages of strong detection function, multiple parameters (various fields and particle components), high precision, good resolution, large height range coverage and the like.
With the development of Radar Technology, Phased Array antennas enter the field of vision of people with the advantages of large-scale fast scanning, fine scanning, flexibility and controllability, long-time continuous observation and the like, Incoherent scattering radars begin to use Phased Array antennas to replace traditional parabolic antennas, in the 21 st century, a technological innovation is made in the united states, and a new Modular active Phased Array Radar project Advanced Modular coherent scanner radio (AMISR) is proposed, Radar beams are controlled through software so that beam directions can be switched rapidly within a microsecond order, so that the problem of time ambiguity caused by the fact that the traditional parabolic Radar changes the beam directions through mechanical rotation is greatly improved (refer to the documents: volumetric t, Buonocore J., statistics m., heinseman c., J. & Kelly J., radr, the "AMISR the coherent scanner modulator scanner", institute system Technology, waltham, MA, USA, pp.659-663,2013, DOI: 10.1109/ARRAY.2013.6731908). Based on The EISCAT, an EISCAT-3D project is proposed, which is planned to be constructed as a one-shot-multiple-shot radar system which can realize high space-time resolution, volume imaging, aperture imaging and The like (The references: McCrea I., Aikio A., et al, "The Science case for The EISCAT-3D radar," Progress in Earth and Planet Science, vol.2, No.1, pp.1-63, Feb 2015, DOI:10.1186/s 40645-015-0051-8). Meanwhile, in Hainan China, a three-station high-power phased array incoherent scattering radar is being constructed and is transmitted by three stations in Hainan China, and the three stations in the Hainan China, namely three stations in the third generation, Fuke and Qiongshan, are used for receiving. The Hainan 1-transmitting and 3-receiving type multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar can carry out vector measurement on the drift velocity of an ionized layer, provides multi-level, multi-parameter and high-precision ionized layer parameters, and becomes the first multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar for transmitting and receiving in a low-latitude area.
The technology of the European incoherent scattering radar and the American incoherent scattering radar are relatively advanced, the existing three-station incoherent scattering radar in the Europe adopts a parabolic antenna, the mechanical rotation of the parabolic antenna is long, and the measured data cannot be kept unchanged during the measurement period, so that the problems of poor timeliness, time ambiguity and the like of the measured data can be caused; the conventional phased array incoherent scattering radar antenna in the United states has the advantage of phased array measurement, but the information of an ionosphere vector cannot be measured due to single transmission and single reception, the acquired ionosphere information is not comprehensive enough, and the ionosphere cannot be detected and analyzed in more dimensions.
The Chinese Hainan three-station high-power phased array incoherent scattering radar can solve the problems, can realize vector measurement on the drift velocity of an ionized layer, provides ionized layer parameters with multilevel, multi-parameter and high precision, has the advantage of phased array scanning, can realize rapid scanning in microsecond order, ensures the timeliness of measured data, and can also perform rapid large-range scanning to realize all-sky detection. For a parabolic antenna, when mechanical scanning is carried out on an azimuth angle and a pitch angle, the beam width and the antenna gain of the parabolic antenna are kept unchanged, and for a phased array antenna, when electrical scanning is carried out on the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, the beam width and the antenna gain change along with the beam scanning, namely, the beam width and the antenna gain change along with the change of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, the difficulty of calculating the scattering volume, the receiving power and the signal-to-noise ratio of the multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar is increased, and therefore the invention provides the method for extracting the multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problem that the scattered signal is difficult to calculate and extract due to the change of the cross scattering volume of the multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar beam at any moment, a first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction method, which is applied to a single-transmitting multi-receiving phased array incoherent scattering radar system, and the method includes:
step S100, calculating radiation electric field intensity corresponding to a first array and each second array by combining a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of scattering points on the basis of longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculating a corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
step S200, for each second array, if the second array and the first array are located in the same base, based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the second array, and combining the first width and the second width, acquiring a scattering signal received by the second array through a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method, and skipping to step S600, otherwise skipping to step S300; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
step S300, calculating the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculating the height of a scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method;
step S400, obtaining the bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiplying the bottom area by the first height to obtain the scattering volume;
step S500, performing integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculating to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array;
and step S600, circularly executing the steps S200 to S500 until all the scattered signals received by the second array are obtained.
In some preferred embodiments, if the first array and each second array are triangular grid antenna arrays, dividing the triangular grid antenna arrays into matrix grid antenna arrays;
calculating the radiation electric field intensity corresponding to each matrix grid antenna array based on the longitudinal and transverse grid spacing of each matrix grid antenna array after division and by combining the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of scattering points;
and adding the radiation electric field strengths corresponding to the matrix grid antenna arrays to obtain the radiation electric field strengths of the first array and the second arrays.
In some preferred embodiments, in step S100, "calculating a corresponding directional diagram according to the pitch angle of the scattering point" includes:
Figure GDA0002724846980000041
Figure GDA0002724846980000042
Figure GDA0002724846980000043
wherein f represents a directional diagram, theta is a pitch angle of a scattering point,
Figure GDA0002724846980000044
m, N denotes the number of antenna elements in the first and second arrays, theta1Being the pitch angle of the beam centre line,
Figure GDA0002724846980000045
in azimuth of the beam centerline, k represents the wave vector, and dx, dy represent the longitudinal and lateral grid spacing.
In some preferred embodiments, the scattering volume is an effective scattering volume whose height in the direction of the transmitted beam is obtained by:
Figure GDA0002724846980000046
where Δ R denotes the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmit beam, c denotes the speed of light, τ denotes the pulse width, and β denotes the transmit beam to receive beam angle.
In some preferred embodiments, in step S400, "obtaining a base area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiplying the base area by the first height to obtain the scattering volume", the method includes:
Figure GDA0002724846980000047
wherein V represents the scattering volume, r1Representing the distance of the first array to the scattering voxel, theta representsPitch plane beam width, ψ denotes a beam width perpendicular to the pitch plane.
In some preferred embodiments, step S500 "calculating the scattering signal received by the second array" includes:
Figure GDA0002724846980000051
wherein, PrRepresenting the scatter signal of the second array, PtRepresenting the power of the transmitter of the transmitting station, λ representing the transmission wavelength, σ representing the radar scattering cross-section of the non-magnetized plasma, η1、η2Representing the antenna efficiency, r, of the transmitter of the transmitting station, the receiver of the receiving station2Representing the distance of the second array to the scattering voxel, Θ1、Θ2Indicates the pitch beam widths of the first and second arrays1、ψ2Represents the beam width perpendicular to the pitching surface of the first array and the second array, NeDenotes the electron density, f1、f2The patterns of the first and second arrays are shown.
In some preferred embodiments, if the first array and the second array are not located in the same base, the method for calculating the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio of the scattering signals of the second array is:
Figure GDA0002724846980000052
PN＝KBTNB
wherein the SNRbsRepresenting the signal-to-noise ratio, K, of the scattered signal of the second arrayBDenotes the Boltzmann constant, TNB is the receiver operating bandwidth of the receiving station.
The invention provides a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction system in a second aspect, which comprises a directional diagram acquisition module, a judgment module, a height acquisition module, a scattering volume acquisition module, a scattering signal acquisition module and a circulation module;
the directional diagram acquisition module is configured to calculate the radiation electric field intensity corresponding to the first array and each second array by combining the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of scattering points based on the longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculate the corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
the judging module is matched to each second array, if the judging module and the first array are positioned in the same base, the received scattered signals are obtained through a single-station phased array radar scattered signal obtaining method based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the transmitter of the transmitting station and combining the first width and the second width, and the circulating module is jumped, otherwise, the height obtaining module is jumped; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
the height acquisition module is configured to calculate the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculate the height of a scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method;
the scattering volume acquisition module is configured to obtain a bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiply the bottom area by a first height to obtain the scattering volume;
the scattering signal acquisition module is configured to perform integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculate to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of the transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array;
the circulating module is configured to circularly execute the judging module, namely the scattering signal acquiring module, until all the scattering signals received by the second array are obtained.
In a third aspect of the present invention, a storage device is provided, in which a plurality of programs are stored, the programs being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction method described above.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a processing apparatus is provided, which includes a processor, a storage device; a processor adapted to execute various programs; a storage device adapted to store a plurality of programs; the program is adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction method described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention solves the problem that scattered signals are difficult to calculate and extract due to the fact that the cross scattering volume of the multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar wave beam changes constantly. The invention divides the multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar into a single-station incoherent scattering radar (a transmitting station and a receiving station are positioned in the same base) and a double-station incoherent scattering radar (the transmitting station and the receiving station are not positioned in the same base). For a single station, acquiring a scattering signal received by a grid antenna array of a receiving station based on a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method; and (4) analyzing the influence of the pulse width and the beam width on the scattering volume by the double-station radar, thereby calculating the effective scattering volume of the double-station radar. And integrating the effective scattering volume with the directional diagrams of the grid antenna arrays of the transmitting station and the receiving station, and combining the power of a transmitter of the transmitting station according to the integration result to obtain a scattering signal received by the grid antenna array of the receiving station, namely echo power. The method realizes the combination of the phased array and the multi-station incoherent scattering radar, and has the outstanding advantages of multiple measurement parameters, wide coverage space range, high space-time resolution and the like.
(2) By using the method and the device, the multi-directional echo information of the same scattering volume can be obtained, which means that the drift velocity of the multi-directional ion sight line can be measured so as to obtain the complete vector of the ion drift velocity. The ability to measure multiple vectors of plasma velocity is provided, allowing researchers to obtain the instantaneous latitude and longitude structure of the plasma velocity field. Furthermore, studying the variation of the velocity field with height will help reveal the structure of the thermal underlayer. In particular, these radar systems are combined with data from other instruments to build a database that is specific to the study of the neutral atmosphere.
(3) By adopting a phased array scanning technology and combining a multi-base station technology, multi-beam synchronous detection can be carried out, full-space coverage is provided instantly, and three-dimensional imaging can be carried out on ion drift velocity vectors in the whole sky in a short time. The device can also directly detect the plasma density, the composition, the temperature and the drift velocity on almost the whole ionized layer height with high precision, can also indirectly detect the temperature, the wind field, the electric field and the like of background neutral atmosphere, and researches the energy and mass transport of an atmosphere-ionized layer-magnetic layer system and the solar wind-magnetic layer interaction effect. When the radar adopts a single beam, the space debris is difficult to continuously observe so as to obtain good statistical data. By adopting rapid large-range scanning, a more comprehensive database of meteors and space fragments can be established, and the speed and the position information are improved.
(4) The multi-station incoherent scattering radar detection greatly promotes the study on the atmospheric layer/ionized layer/thermal layer coupling of the region in which the radar is located, and has important application prospects in the aspects of short-wave communication, satellite communication, navigation and the like. The method utilizes the multi-station incoherent scattering radar to monitor the electron density of the ionized layer in real time, is used for radio wave propagation correction of satellite positioning navigation such as Beidou systems and the like in China by developing the ionosphere reporting mode, and improves the service precision and quality of related applications.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of dividing a triangular grid antenna into matrix grid antenna arrays according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scattering volume acquired based on pulse width according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scattering volume acquired based on beamwidth according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the distribution of SNR for scattered signals obtained at different pulse widths at 300KM height of a single station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph illustrating the distribution of the snr of the scattered signals obtained at different pulse widths at 300KM height for two stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention discloses a multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction method, which is applied to a one-shot multi-reception phased array incoherent scattering radar system and comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step S100, calculating radiation electric field intensity corresponding to a first array and each second array by combining a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of scattering points on the basis of longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculating a corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
step S200, for each second array, if the second array and the first array are located in the same base, based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the second array, and combining the first width and the second width, acquiring a scattering signal received by the second array through a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method, and skipping to step S600, otherwise skipping to step S300; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
step S300, calculating the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculating the height of a scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method;
step S400, obtaining the bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiplying the bottom area by the first height to obtain the scattering volume;
step S500, performing integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculating to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array;
and step S600, circularly executing the steps S200 to S500 until all the scattered signals received by the second array are obtained.
In order to more clearly explain the multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction method of the present invention, the following describes in detail the steps in an embodiment of the method of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Step S100, calculating radiation electric field intensity corresponding to a first array and each second array by combining a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of scattering points on the basis of longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculating a corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of the receiving station.
In this embodiment, the single-transmit and multi-receive phased array incoherent scattering radar system is a phased array incoherent scattering radar system constructed by one transmitting station and a plurality of receiving stations, such as a three-station high-power phased array incoherent scattering radar system in the south of the sea. The three-transmitting-station antenna of the Hainan three-station phased array incoherent scattering radar consists of 8320 antenna units, 104 antenna units are transversely arranged, 80 antenna units are longitudinally arranged, the antenna units are arranged outside a reflection panel of a structural sub-array surface in a triangular mode, the transverse distance is 500mm, the longitudinal distance is 380mm, and the array surface radiation units are arranged in a triangular mode and staggered in direction. The maximum aperture of the wavefront is 40.5 meters × 39.52 meters. The two receiving stations of Fuke and Jones are composed of 4096 antenna units, which have 64 antenna units in the transverse direction, 64 antenna units in the longitudinal direction, a transverse spacing of 500mm, a longitudinal spacing of 380mm, and an area of 32.5m × 24.32 m. The antenna array surface (array) of the triple incoherent scattering radar system is designed into a triangular grid form, and the derivation from the matrix grid array surface is needed to obtain an antenna array surface expression in the triangular grid form, namely the triangular grid array surface is divided into two matrix grid array surfaces, the radiation electric fields of the two matrix grids are respectively solved, the radiation electric fields of the triangular grid array surfaces are obtained through addition, and further a directional diagram function expression of the triangular grid array surface can be obtained. The method comprises the following specific steps:
as shown in fig. 3, the transmitting station and the receiving station are both triangular grid phased arrays (antenna arrays) shown in the figure, the triangular grid array is divided into two matrix grid arrays, that is, the matrix grid array formed by the triangles and the matrix grid array formed by the squares in fig. 3, the radiation electric field strengths of the two matrix grids are respectively solved, and then the radiation electric field strengths of the triangular grid arrays are obtained by adding. References may be made to: balanis, C.A. (2005), Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, N.J.
The calculation method of the radiation electric field intensity of each matrix grid array is shown as the formulas (1) and (2):
Figure GDA0002724846980000111
Figure GDA0002724846980000112
wherein E1, E2 represent the radiation electric field intensity of the matrix grid antenna array, M/2 represents the number of transverse antenna elements, 2dx represents the transverse spacing, since the two matrix grid arrays are divided, the number of transverse antennas of the two matrix grid arrays is halved, the transverse spacing is doubled, N represents the number of longitudinal antenna elements, dy represents the longitudinal spacing, k is 2 pi/λ, represents the wave vector, λ is the emission wavelength, M represents different values from 1 to M/2, N represents different values from 1 to N, θ represents the pitch angle of the scattering point,
Figure GDA0002724846980000113
denotes the azimuth of the scattering point and j denotes the imaginary part.
E2 is represented by E1, as shown in equations (3), (4), (5):
Figure GDA0002724846980000114
Figure GDA0002724846980000115
Figure GDA0002724846980000116
Figure GDA0002724846980000117
wherein, theta1Is the pitch angle of the center line of the transmitting beam,
Figure GDA0002724846980000118
is the transmit beam centerline azimuth.
The sum E of the radiation electric field strengths of the two matrix grids is shown in equation (6):
Figure GDA0002724846980000119
Figure GDA0002724846980000121
in other embodiments, if the antenna elements of the one-transmit-multiple-receive phased array incoherent scattering radar system are not arranged in a triangular grid outside the reflecting panel of the structural sub-array, the radiation electric field intensity is calculated directly based on the transverse and longitudinal grid spacing, which is not described herein.
The directional pattern f of the triangular grid antenna array can be obtained through the radiation electric field intensity, as shown in formula (7):
Figure GDA0002724846980000122
from the above, it can be known that the number of antenna elements M1 of the trinitron transmitting station is 104, N1 is 80, the distance dx is 0.38, dy is 0.5, the antenna elements M2 of the fuke, jones receiving station is 64, N2 is 64, the distance dx is 0.38, and dy is 0.5. Therefore, the pattern of the grid antenna array of the transmitting station and the receiving station is shown in the formula (8) (9):
Figure GDA0002724846980000123
Figure GDA0002724846980000124
where f1 denotes the pattern of the transmitting station grid antenna array and f2 denotes the pattern of the receiving station grid antenna array.
Step S200, for each second array, if the second array and the first array are located in the same base, based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the second array, and combining the first width and the second width, acquiring a scattering signal received by the second array through a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method, and skipping to step S600, otherwise skipping to step S300; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane.
In this embodiment, it is determined whether the first array and the second array belong to a single-station radar (i.e., located in the same base) or a dual-station radar, and if the first array and the second array belong to the single-station radar, the scattered signal received by the second array is directly obtained based on the single-station phased array radar scattered signal obtaining method, and if the second array belongs to the dual-station radar, the effective scattering volume is calculated first.
Scattered signal P received by incoherent scattering radarsAs shown in equation (10):
Figure GDA0002724846980000131
wherein, PtFor radar emission of peak power, r1Representing the distance of the transmitting station to the scattering volume element, r2For the distance of the receiver of the receiving station to the scattering volume, G1For transmitting antenna gain, G2Gain of the receiving antenna, λ being the emission wavelength, σ representing the scattering cross section of a single electron, NeFor electron density, V denotes a scatterer element and dV denotes a unit scatterer element, where the transmission line loss term is ignored. Wherein σ is the radar scattering cross section of the non-magnetized plasma, as shown in equation (11):
Figure GDA0002724846980000132
wherein σeIs the radar scattering cross section of electrons, alpha is 4 pi D/lambda, D is the Debye length of plasma, the parameter depends on the ionospheric characteristics of the area where the radar is located, and is also influenced by seasonal variation,
Figure GDA0002724846980000133
is the temperature ratio of the electron ions.
The phased array antenna gain G is expressed as shown in equation (12):
Figure GDA0002724846980000134
wherein A iseOmega is a solid angle, eta is antenna efficiency, theta is beam width of a pitching plane, psi is beam width vertical to the pitching plane, f is a directional diagram of an antenna array, r represents the distance from the antenna to a scattering point, and according to a gain formula, the gain in the maximum gain direction is equal to
Figure GDA0002724846980000135
However, since the beam scanning gain varies, it is multiplied by the normalized power pattern function f and also by the antenna efficiency η. Defined in terms of the antenna beam range Ω, it can be expressed as Ω ═ s/r2＝(π·r·Θ·r·ψ)/(4·r2)。
Therefore, in a one-shot-multiple-reception phased array incoherent scattering radar system, the scattering signal P of the single-station phased array radarmsIs calculated as shown in equation (13):
Figure GDA0002724846980000136
the specific derivation process can be found in the following documents: murdin J, "SNR for the EISCAT UHF system," Kiruna geographic institutional report.78:1,1978 and literature: j. Swoboda, J.Semeter & P.Erickson, "Space-time aggregate functions for electronic scanning ISR applications," Radio Science, vol.50, pp.415-430, May.2015, DOI:10.1002/2014RS 005620.
Receiver noise power P of incoherent scattering radarNIs defined as: pN＝KBTNB, wherein KBDenotes the Boltzmann constant, TNB is the receiver operating bandwidth of the receiving station.
SNR of scattered signal received by single-station phased array radarmsThe calculation is shown in equation (14):
Figure GDA0002724846980000141
the pitch plane beam width Θ is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0002724846980000142
Figure GDA0002724846980000143
Figure GDA0002724846980000144
Figure GDA0002724846980000145
Figure GDA0002724846980000146
Figure GDA0002724846980000147
Figure GDA0002724846980000148
wherein, betaxRepresenting phase difference, beta, in the x-directionyIndicating the y-direction intra-array phase difference.
The beam width ψ perpendicular to the elevation plane is calculated as shown in equation (22):
Figure GDA0002724846980000149
the beam widths of the grid antenna arrays of the transmitting station and the receiving station can be obtained by using the formula, the beam widths are related to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the central beam, the beam widths corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles can be obtained according to the formula, and the beam width in the normal direction of the array surface can be known to be the narrowest according to the formula.
The azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the transmitting beam and the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the receiving beam can be obtained according to the positions of the scattering points, and the expressions of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the receiving beam with the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the transmitting beam and the transmitting distance as variables are further obtained according to the geometrical relations, as shown in the formulas (23) (24) (25) (26) (27):
Figure GDA0002724846980000151
Figure GDA0002724846980000152
Figure GDA0002724846980000153
Figure GDA0002724846980000154
Figure GDA0002724846980000155
wherein L represents the distance between the transmitting station and the receiving station,
Figure GDA0002724846980000156
indicating the azimuth angle, theta, of the receiving station relative to the transmitting station2Representing the receive beam centerline elevation angle,
Figure GDA0002724846980000157
representing the receive beam centerline azimuth.
Step S300, calculating the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculating the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method.
In the present embodiment, in calculating the effective scattering volume, there are two cases, one is a pulse width-determined scattering volume and the other is a beam width-determined scattering volume.
First, the scattering volume determined by the pulse width is calculated, that is, the scattering volume obtained by crossing two beams is not a true scattering volume, and one part of the scattering volume is a true effective scattering volume, which is mainly influenced by the pulse width, the bottom area of the effective scattering volume is determined by the emission beam, and the height of the effective scattering volume is determined by the pulse width, and the two volumes work together to form the scattering volume, as shown in fig. 4. Where the black area region is the effective scattering volume and the red region is the intersection region of two beams (Transmitting beam, Receiving beam), it can be seen that the effective scattering volume is smaller than the beam intersection region. The rest of fig. 4 is explained below.
According to the relation of the two-station Radar (the transmitting station and the receiving station are not located at the same base), on an ellipse with the transmitting station and the receiving station as the focal points, the sum of the distance from the transmitting station to the target and the distance from the target to the receiving station is a fixed value, and the height in the direction of the angular bisector of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam can be obtained by using the geometrical relation (refer to the following documents: S.Satoh and J.Wurman, "acquisition of Wind Fields and other objects and by a binary Doppler Network," Journal of Atmospheric and environmental Technology, vol.20, pp.1077-1091, and Aug.2003), as shown in the formula (28):
Figure GDA0002724846980000161
where h denotes the height in the direction of the bisector of the angle between the transmit beam and the receive beam, c denotes the speed of light, τ denotes the pulse width, and β denotes the angle between the transmit beam and each receive beam.
Calculating the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmit beam based on the height of the transmit beam and each receive beam on the bisector of the angle, as shown in equation (29):
Figure GDA0002724846980000162
where ar is the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam.
The beam width dependent scattering volume is then calculated, i.e. when the pulse width is large enough to exceed the range covered by the two beam crossings, in which case the scattering volume is determined by the two beam crossing range. As shown in fig. 5: the shaded portion in fig. 5 is the scattering volume, shown as a planar graph in fig. 5, and the scattering volume determined by the beam width is the same as the bottom area of the scattering volume determined by the pulse width, both determined by the transmitted beam. The beam width-dependent scattering volume and the pulse width-dependent scattering volume are consistent with a high acquisition method, and will not be described further herein.
And step S400, obtaining the bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiplying the bottom area by the first height to obtain the scattering volume.
In this embodiment, the base area of the scattering volume is formed by an ellipse made up of the transmit beam pitch face beam width and the perpendicular to pitch face beam width. The scattering volume, i.e. the effective scattering volume, is obtained based on the multiplication of the obtained base area and the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam, as shown in equation (30):
Figure GDA0002724846980000171
wherein V represents the scattering volume, r1Representing the distance of the first array to the scattering voxel.
And S500, performing integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculating to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of the transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array.
In this embodiment, the scattering volume corresponding to the second array is integrated with the directional pattern of the second array and the directional pattern of the first array, as shown in equations (31) and (32):
Figure GDA0002724846980000172
Figure GDA0002724846980000173
the integration range is determined from the angle definition, as shown in equations (33) (34) (35):
Figure GDA0002724846980000174
Figure GDA0002724846980000175
Figure GDA0002724846980000176
and the scattering volume determined by the beam width is integrated with the directional diagram function to obtain the effective scattering volume under different conditions, when the scattering volume is calculated by using an integration method, both the scattering volumes can be calculated by using a scattering volume formula determined by the pulse width, and because the antenna directional diagram function f in the integration formula is 0 outside the beam receiving range, even if the pulse width is large enough to exceed the range covered by the beam cross, the whole integration is calculated according to the beam width because the directional diagram function f at the position which cannot be covered by the beam is 0.
And calculating to obtain a scattering signal received by the second array based on the result of each integral operation by combining the power of the transmitter of the transmitting station, the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array. The method comprises the following specific steps:
scattering signal P of double-station (i.e. transmitting station and receiving station are not located at same base) phased array radarrIs calculated as shown in equation (36):
Figure GDA0002724846980000181
wherein, theta1、Θ2Indicating the beam width of the elevation plane of the transmitting and receiving stations, #1、ψ2Indicating that the transmitting station and the receiving station are perpendicular to the elevation beam width.
SNR of scattered signals received by dual-station phased array radarbsThe calculation is shown in equation (37): :
Figure GDA0002724846980000182
and step S600, circularly executing the steps S200 to S500 until all the scattered signals received by the second array are obtained.
In this embodiment, the received scattered signals of the second arrays are acquired in sequence.
In addition, in the process of analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio, simulation parameters of the multi-station phased array incoherent scattering radar are required to be used, and as shown in table 1, the longitude range of the signal-to-noise ratio distribution plane is set to be 105 degrees E-115 degrees E, the interval is 0.2 degrees, the latitude range is set to be 15 degrees N-25 degrees N, and the interval is 0.2 degrees. In a multi-station incoherent scatter radar system, the three-station SY transmission, the three-station FK reception, and the jones QS reception, so it is necessary to analyze the case of SY-SY single stations and the case of two double-station SY-FK, SY-QS, i.e. multi-stations, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure GDA0002724846980000183
In the single station case, different transmission pulse widths affect the received scattered signals, further affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar system, fig. 6 shows 100us, 300us, 500us and 700us pulse widths (pulseWidth) at 300km height, the variation of the signal-to-noise ratio of the three-station reception, lon represents longitude and lat represents latitude. By comparing and analyzing the signal-to-noise ratios of different pulse widths of the phased-array antenna, the signal-to-noise ratios are in circular distribution by taking three stations as the center, and the signal-to-noise ratios are gradually reduced along with the increasing distance from the three stations, mainly because the signal-to-noise ratios are in inverse proportion to the distances, the larger the distance from the three stations to a receiving station of a transmitting station is on the same detection height, the larger the distance between a target and the receiving station of the transmitting station is, the larger the distance from the three stations is, the larger the zenith angle of beam scanning is, the larger the corresponding beam width is, and according to a derivation formula, the signal-to-noise ratios are in inverse proportion to the beam width, so the. At the same height, the signal-to-noise ratio gradually increases as the pulse width gradually increases, mainly because the pulse width increases, the scattering volume associated with the pulse width increases, and thus the signal-to-noise ratio increases. However, as the pulse width increases, the corresponding range resolution becomes larger, and the corresponding small-scale detection becomes more and more difficult, the pulse width needs to be reasonably selected in the subsequent detection mode design.
In the case of a dual station, i.e., a three-site transmission, the fuke and jones stations receive, and for both receiving stations, the fuke and jones stations are discussed herein as being representative of the fuke station, since the laws of the two stations are similar. The lower graph of fig. 7 is the signal-to-noise ratio distribution for a fudge station at 100us, 300us, 500us, 700us pulse widths at 300km height.
Analyzing the distribution of SY-FK SNR, it can be seen that SNR is centered at Mitsui and Rick stations and shows an elliptical distribution, and the SNR gradually decreases with increasing distance from Mitsui stations and Rick stations, mainly because SNR is inversely proportional to distance, and the larger the distance from Mitsui stations and Rick stations is at the same detection height, the larger the distance between a target and a receiving station of a transmitting station is, so the distance increases, and the SNR decreases, and the second reason is that the farther the two stations are, the larger zenith angle of beam scanning is, the larger the corresponding beam width is, and SNR is inversely proportional to the beam width, so the beam width increases, and the SNR decreases. As can be seen from fig. 7, as the pulse width increases, the shape of the snr distribution gradually lengthens along the line connecting the transmitting station and the receiving station, mainly because as the pulse width increases, the scattering volume gradually increases, and the change in the line connecting the transmitting station and the receiving station is more obvious than in other areas.
The signal-to-noise ratio distribution rules of a single station and a plurality of stations are different, firstly, the signal-to-noise ratio distribution of the single station and the signal-to-noise ratio distribution of the double station are compared, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the single station is far better than that of the double station under the conditions of the same height and the same longitude and latitude, mainly because the number of antennas of the three stations is large, the receiving beam width of the corresponding antenna is smaller than that of Fuke and that of the two stations in Jones and mountains, and according to a formula, the beam width is in inverse proportion to the signal-to-noise ratio; the second reason is that the three stations transmit and receive with the same antenna beam, and the scattering volume obtained by the intersection of the antenna beam of the fuke and jones station and the antenna beam of the three stations is smaller than that of the three stations, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the three stations is larger than that of the two stations. The difference between the two-station snr distribution and the single-station snr distribution is that the single-station snr is mainly determined by the location of three-station, and the like, and the two-station snr needs to take into account the influence of the location, and the like, of two stations. When the detection heights are the same, the signal-to-noise ratio changes of different pulse widths are compared, and at the beginning, the signal-to-noise ratio of a single station is increased along with the gradual increase of the pulse width, mainly because the pulse width is increased, the scattering volume related to the pulse width is increased, and then the signal-to-noise ratio is increased. However, for the two-station phased array incoherent scattering radar, the signal-to-noise ratio is increased firstly along with the gradual increase of the pulse width, and then the signal-to-noise ratio is kept unchanged when the pulse width is increased to a certain degree, mainly because the scattering volume of the two stations is determined by the previous pulse width instead by the beam width, and even if the pulse width is increased, the signal-to-noise ratio is almost unchanged.
A multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, includes: the device comprises a directional diagram acquisition module 100, a judgment module 200, a height acquisition module 300, a scattering volume acquisition module 400, a scattering signal acquisition module 500 and a circulation module 600;
the directional diagram obtaining module 100 is configured to calculate, for the first array and each second array, based on the longitudinal and transverse grid distances thereof, the radiation electric field strength corresponding to the first array and each second array in combination with the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the scattering point, and calculate the directional diagram corresponding to the first array and each second array in combination with the pitch angle of the scattering point; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
the judging module 200 is matched to each second array, if the second array and the first array are positioned in the same base, the received scattered signal is obtained by a single-station phased array radar scattered signal obtaining method based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the transmitter of the transmitting station and combining the first width and the second width, and a circulating module is jumped, otherwise, a height obtaining module is jumped; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
the height obtaining module 300 is configured to calculate the height of the transmitted beam and the received beam on an angular bisector based on the obtained pulse width and an included angle between the transmitted beam and the received beam, and calculate the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam as a first height by a preset first method;
the scattering volume obtaining module 400 is configured to obtain a base area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiply the base area by a first height to obtain the scattering volume;
the scattering signal acquisition module 500 is configured to perform an integral operation on the scattering volume and a directional diagram corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculate a scattering signal received by the second array by combining the power of the transmitter of the transmitting station, and the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the first array and the second array;
the circulation module 600 is configured to circularly execute the judgment module 200 — the scattering signal acquisition module 500 until all the scattering signals received by the second array are obtained.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process and related description of the system described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
It should be noted that, the multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction system provided in the foregoing embodiment is only illustrated by dividing the functional modules, and in practical applications, the functions may be allocated to different functional modules according to needs, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiment of the present invention are further decomposed or combined, for example, the modules in the foregoing embodiment may be combined into one module, or may be further split into multiple sub-modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the modules or steps, and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present invention.
A storage device according to a third embodiment of the present invention stores a plurality of programs, and the programs are suitable for being loaded by a processor and implementing the multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction method.
A processing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a processor, a storage device; a processor adapted to execute various programs; a storage device adapted to store a plurality of programs; the program is adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction method described above.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes and related descriptions of the storage device and the processing device described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method examples, and are not described herein again.
Those of skill in the art would appreciate that the various illustrative modules, method steps, and modules described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that programs corresponding to the software modules, method steps may be located in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as electronic hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing or implying a particular order or sequence.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal extraction method is applied to a phased array incoherent scattering radar system with one transmitting station and multiple receiving stations, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S100, calculating radiation electric field intensity corresponding to a first array and each second array by combining a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of scattering points on the basis of longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculating a corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
step S200, for each second array, if the second array and the first array are located in the same base, based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the second array, and combining the first width and the second width, acquiring a scattering signal received by the second array through a single-station phased array radar scattering signal acquisition method, and skipping to step S600, otherwise skipping to step S300; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
step S300, calculating the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculating the height of a scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method;
the scattering volume is an effective scattering volume, and the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam is obtained by the following method:
Figure FDA0002724846970000011
wherein Δ R represents the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam, c represents the speed of light, τ represents the pulse width, and β represents the angle between the transmitted beam and the received beam;
step S400, obtaining the bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiplying the bottom area by the first height to obtain the scattering volume;
step S500, performing integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculating to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array;
and step S600, circularly executing the steps S200 to S500 until all the scattered signals received by the second array are obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the first array and the second arrays are triangular grid antenna arrays, the triangular grid antenna arrays are divided into matrix grid antenna arrays;
calculating the radiation electric field intensity corresponding to each matrix grid antenna array based on the longitudinal and transverse grid spacing of each matrix grid antenna array after division and by combining the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of scattering points;
and adding the radiation electric field strengths corresponding to the matrix grid antenna arrays to obtain the radiation electric field strengths of the first array and the second arrays.
3. The method for extracting multi-station incoherent scattering radar signals according to claim 1, wherein in step S100, "calculating a corresponding directional diagram of the scattering points by combining the pitch angles of the scattering points" comprises:
Figure FDA0002724846970000021
Figure FDA0002724846970000022
Figure FDA0002724846970000023
wherein f represents a directional diagram, theta is a pitch angle of a scattering point,
Figure FDA0002724846970000024
m, N denotes the number of transverse and longitudinal antenna elements of the first or second array, theta1Being the pitch angle of the beam centre line,
Figure FDA0002724846970000025
is in the beamThe azimuth angle of the center line, k represents the wave vector, and dx and dy represent the longitudinal and transverse grid spacing.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step S400, the base area of the scattering volume is obtained according to the first width and the second width, and the base area is multiplied by the first height to obtain the scattering volume, and the method comprises:
Figure FDA0002724846970000031
wherein V represents the scattering volume, r1Denotes the distance of the first array from the scattering voxel, theta denotes the pitch plane beam width and psi denotes the perpendicular to pitch plane beam width.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step S500 of calculating the scattering signals received by the second array comprises:
Figure FDA0002724846970000032
wherein, PrRepresenting the scatter signal received by the second array, PtRepresenting the power of the transmitter of the transmitting station, λ representing the transmission wavelength, σ representing the radar scattering cross-section of the non-magnetized plasma, η1、η2Representing the antenna efficiency, r, of the transmitter of the transmitting station, the receiver of the receiving station2Representing the distance of the second array to the scattering voxel, Θ1、Θ2Indicates the pitch beam widths of the first and second arrays1、ψ2Represents the beam width perpendicular to the pitching surface of the first array and the second array, NeDenotes the electron density, f1、f2The patterns of the first and second arrays are shown.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein if the first array and the second array are not located in the same base, the SNR of the scattered signals of the second array is calculated by:
Figure FDA0002724846970000033
PN＝KBTNB
wherein the SNRbsRepresenting the signal-to-noise ratio, K, of the scattered signal of the second arrayBDenotes the Boltzmann constant, TNB is the receiver operating bandwidth of the receiving station.
7. A multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction system, comprising: the device comprises a directional diagram acquisition module, a judgment module, a height acquisition module, a scattering volume acquisition module, a scattering signal acquisition module and a circulation module;
the directional diagram acquisition module is configured to calculate the radiation electric field intensity corresponding to the first array and each second array by combining the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of scattering points based on the longitudinal and transverse grid intervals of the first array and each second array, and calculate the corresponding directional diagram by combining the pitch angle of the scattering points; the first array is a grid antenna array of a transmitting station; the second array is a grid antenna array of a receiving station;
the judging module is matched to each second array, if the judging module and the first array are positioned in the same base, the received scattered signals are obtained through a single-station phased array radar scattered signal obtaining method based on the power of a transmitter of a transmitting station and a directional diagram of the transmitter of the transmitting station and combining the first width and the second width, and the circulating module is jumped, otherwise, the height obtaining module is jumped; the first width is a pitch plane beam width of the first array; the second width is a beam width perpendicular to the elevation plane;
the height acquisition module is configured to calculate the height of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam on an angular bisector based on the acquired pulse width and the included angle between the transmitting beam and the receiving beam, and calculate the height of a scattering volume in the direction of the transmitting beam as a first height by a preset first method;
the scattering volume is an effective scattering volume, and the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam is obtained by the following method:
Figure FDA0002724846970000041
wherein Δ R represents the height of the scattering volume in the direction of the transmitted beam, c represents the speed of light, τ represents the pulse width, and β represents the angle between the transmitted beam and the received beam;
the scattering volume acquisition module is configured to obtain a bottom area of the scattering volume according to the first width and the second width, and multiply the bottom area by a first height to obtain the scattering volume;
the scattering signal acquisition module is configured to perform integral operation on the scattering volume and directional diagrams corresponding to the first array and the second array, and calculate to obtain scattering signals received by the second array by combining the power of a transmitter of the transmitting station, and the pitch angles and the azimuth angles of the first array and the second array;
the circulating module is configured to circularly execute the judging module, namely the scattering signal acquiring module, until all the scattering signals received by the second array are obtained.
8. A storage device having stored thereon a plurality of programs, wherein said program applications are loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method of multistation incoherent scatter radar signal extraction of any of claims 1-6.
9. A processing device comprising a processor, a storage device; a processor adapted to execute various programs; a storage device adapted to store a plurality of programs; characterized in that said program is adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method of multi-station incoherent scatter radar signal extraction of any of claims 1 to 6.
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