CN105182305A - Ionized layer incoherent scattering radar simulation system - Google Patents
Ionized layer incoherent scattering radar simulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ionized layer incoherent scattering radar simulation system, which is characterized in that a modular design idea is adopted, the system is divided into a signal simulation module, an incoherent scattering spectrum simulation module, an ionized layer parameter analysis module, a radar power simulation module and an antenna array simulation module according to a radar actual system structure and functions of each extension set, module functions are basically the same as completing functions of each system extension set, transmission and sharing of data and information among the modules can be realized, and dynamic demonstration is carried out by using an MATLAB graphical user interface function. The ionized layer incoherent scattering radar simulation system well solves a problem that the incoherent scattering radar is small in number of research platform and difficult in test, and can help the technicists to improve abilities of analyzing and solving problems and an ability of carrying out radar equipment technical research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radar simulator system, be applicable to the simulating, verifying of incoherent scattering radar system.
Background technology
Incoherent scattering radar utilizes the faint scattered signal of electronics and plasma thermal fluctuation in upper atmosphere, the physical parameter of remote measurement upper atmosphere.The scattered signal caused due to this thermal fluctuation is noncoherent, so be called incoherent scattering radar.Incoherent scattering radar uniquely can measure whole layer height (80-1000 kilometer) scope plasma density, speed, and temperature, and derive the equipment of electric field and wind field from plasma parameter.Having and measure the outstanding advantages such as upper atmosphere physical parameter is many, precision is high, measuring height scope is large, range resolution is high, is the state-of-the-art means of current ground location room atmosphere environmental parameter.
Due to incoherent scattering radar complex process, build and operating cost all very high, the current global range Nei Jinyou U.S., European Union, Japan, Russia and China build this kind of radar, and radar cannot long-time running, and the actual run time of every platform radar is generally annual is no more than two months.These factors make incoherent scattering radar experimentation cost high, repeatable poor, cannot reach economic, efficient requirement, significantly limit the research of incoherent scattering radar.
The present invention solves the contradiction between these Research Requirements and incoherent scattering radar Construction and operation cost, have studied a kind of novel incoherent scattering radar analogue system.
Summary of the invention
Incoherent scattering radar equipment is huge, complex structure, and operation and maintenance costly.These factors make incoherent scattering radar be difficult to promote, and cause the experimental test of this kind of radar with high costs further, limit the raising of incoherent scattering radar research level.Incoherent scattering radar analogue system provided by the invention is based on MATLAB platform, and the signal processing function utilizing MATLAB to enrich develops the analogue system that a set of model is accurate, link is complete.This analogue system provides one reliably with reference to platform not only to the research of incoherent scattering radar, also have easy to operate, cost is low, be easy to the advantages such as popularization.Preferably resolve incoherent scattering radar research platform few, the problem of test difficulty.
The present invention is achieved like this, the incoherent loose radar simulator system in this ionosphere adopts modular design method, be divided into signal emulation module, non-coherent scattering to compose emulation module, Ionospheric Parameters analysis module, radar combat power field module, antenna array emulation module system according to radar practical systems structure and each extension function, it is substantially identical that functions of modules and radar each system extension set complete function.In order to provide necessary assessment energy ability to system, system also add radar hardware performance evaluation module, radar data reduction assessment and signal flow diagram module two complementary module.Each intermodule can realize data, information transmission and share, also independent operating can be set according to customer parameter, carry out the displays such as this extension set signal waveform, power spectrum.Each module data can be preserved with text formatting, can carry out processing in real time, afterwards, checking, parameter is called in.System utilizes MATLAB graphic user interface function to carry out dynamic demonstration.After user inputs simulation parameter, Software Radar emulation platform starts to start, system reproduces generation and the processing procedure of electric signal in radar equipment by Digital Signal Processing, with the signal flow in figure and digital interface demonstration radar each extension set course of work, and simulate the working method of real system, state and environment.Analogue system can help technician to improve the ability of analyzing problems and solving them and the ability of carrying out radar equipment technical research.
Described signal emulation module comprises the generation module that transmits, echo signal reception module, echo signal processing module, signal integrity display module, and it emulates the send-receive-processing procedure of Barker code, long pulse code and alternate code three kinds of coded signals.The generation module that transmits produces the coding waveforms that pulse parameter can be established; Echo signal reception module produces the echoed signal with clutter and noise according to the guinea pig environment that transmits; Echo signal processing module, again according to echo features, adopts the disposal routes such as filtering, no-coherence cumulating, ambiguity function, correction to carry out process to signal and obtains echo signal power spectrum.In order to reflect whole flow process wave characteristics, signal integrity display module display complete waveform.
Described non-coherent scattering spectrum emulation module is based on Sheffield non-coherent scattering spectral theory, to different electronic and ionic temperature ratio Utopian under Maxwell's distribution occasion, different collision frequency, the non-coherent scattering spectrum in different ions composition three kinds of situations carries out modeling and simulating.
Described Ionospheric Parameters analysis module utilizes to be analyzed Ionospheric Parameters and preserves with graphic file formats, and provides the analysis interpretation of figure, establishes the database of partial ionization layer parameter figure.
Described antenna array emulation module mainly completes antenna radiation pattern emulation, and phased array antenna directional diagram is subject to the constraint of the key factor such as array element distance, weighting function, array element arrangement mode of antenna.Described radar combat power field module uses soft object radar equation, and user can arrange the emission peak power of radar, antenna aperture, pulse width, system hardware link load, receives bandwidth, the multiple simulation parameter emulation such as receiver noise temperature detection echo signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Radar hardware performance evaluation module is the module of whole system being carried out to supplementary reference, utilize the up-to-date Radar Signal Processing simulation model library provided of simulink environment, build the radar simulation module that meets incoherent scattering radar characteristic, by arranging module emissive power, antenna gain, measured target scattering area, the parameters such as Doppler can see the impact of these parameters on radar detection result intuitively.
Radar data reduction assessment is module above connected with signal flow diagram module, by calling, module is above connected by radar job order, parameters control imitation condition, and simulation parameter is pressed subsystem sequence delivery, in the end can obtain final Ionospheric Parameters by subsystem by the progressively process of subsystem.
Compared to incoherent scattering radar test platform in the past, analogue system of the present invention does not design hardware circuit, only utilize the course of work that emulation of the computer software radar is all, be mainly used in the signal model of checking foundation, echo model, noise model, the generation of radar signal and the correctness of receiving course, data processing algorithm etc.It is low that this incoherent scattering radar analogue system has cost of development, the feature that simple to operate, system portability is strong.System can pass through optimum configurations, simulate the duty of the radar under multiple environment, provide simulation result accurately fast, simulation result can help Radar Design to select optimum design parameter, solve traditional incoherent scattering radar test field testing cost high, the problem that test period is long.Simultaneity factor extensibility is very strong, constantly can add new experiment model to analogue system decrease the complex work of upgrading and bringing according to the progress of research.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 analogue system Organization Chart.
Fig. 2 signal emulation module frame diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to this incoherent scattering radar analogue system modules method for designing detailed description in addition.
As shown in Figure 1, this incoherent scattering radar analogue system system adopts modular design method, be divided into signal emulation module 101, non-coherent scattering to compose emulation module 102, Ionospheric Parameters analysis module 103, radar combat power field module 104, antenna array emulation module 105 system according to radar practical systems structure and each extension function, it is substantially identical that each functions of modules and radar each system extension set complete function.In order to provide necessary assessment energy ability to system, system also add radar hardware performance evaluation module 106, radar data reduction assessment and signal flow diagram module 107 two complementary module.Each intermodule can realize data, information transmission and share, also independent operating can be set according to customer parameter, carry out the displays such as this extension set signal waveform, power spectrum.Each module data can be preserved with text formatting, can carry out processing in real time, afterwards, checking, parameter is called in.System utilizes MATLAB graphic user interface function to carry out dynamic demonstration.
1. signal emulation module
Shown in signal emulation module 101 structured flowchart 2, comprise the generation module that transmits, echo signal reception module, echo signal processing module, signal integrity display module, the send-receive-processing procedure of module to Barker code, long pulse code and alternate code three kinds of coded signals emulates.The generation module that transmits produces the coding waveforms that pulse parameter can be established; Echo signal reception module produces the echoed signal with clutter and noise according to the guinea pig environment that transmits; Echo signal processing module, again according to echo features, adopts filtering, no-coherence cumulating, ambiguity function, and the disposal routes such as correction are carried out process to signal and obtained echo signal power spectrum.In order to reflect whole flow process wave characteristics, signal integrity display module display complete waveform.
(1) Barker code
The generation module original signal that transmits be y=Acos (wt+ θ (t)) wherein A be the amplitude of carrier wave, t is the instantaneous phase of carrier wave.Barker code uses binary phase modulation technology.When modulating, system is divided into a series of unit transponder pulse, and each unit has the phase place of its correspondence.In actual applications, phase value uses the value of 0 and π, and the envelope sequence corresponding to this phase encoding is 0 and 1 or 1 and-1.Found 7 kinds of Barker codes at present, what native system adopted is with 13 bake sequences { design of Simulation that the pulse signal that 11111-1-111-11-11} encodes carries out.
Echo signal reception module needs to transmit the signal target that generation module exports, and then adds clutter and noise could form finally complete target echo data.What target echo signal can be similar to is expressed as the delay transmitted, for the characteristic of the incoherent scattering radar detection of a target, its clutter adopts the Gaussian spectrum model of rayleigh distributed to describe, and the thermonoise of radar system normally white Gaussian noise, therefore adopt Monte-carlo Simulation to produce.
What the echo signal processing module of Barker code adopted is that matched filtering realizes pulse compression, and filter coefficient is the mirror image function of Barker code envelope.Actual ask auto-correlation time, filter coefficient is multiplied with echoed signal by we, then the result of product is sued for peace according to lag time delay spacing, just the autocorrelation function of sampling instant coded signal is obtained, actual Barker code can only ask the auto-correlation at lag0 place, and direct for the signal after pulse compression square can be obtained its power, and because each height only has a dot information, so do not carry out the correction of ambiguity function.
(2) long pulse code
The generation module that transmits transmits, and long pulse code modulating method is comparatively simple, also belongs to phase-modulation.When calculating, the transponder pulse of long pulse is also divided into a series of unit by system, but phase value corresponding to each unit is 1, then identical with carrier signal.
The establishment step of the echo signal model of long pulse echo signal reception module is similar to the method for Barker code.
Echo signal processing module, the amplitude of Operation system setting long pulse coding filter coefficient is 1, and length is lag time delay spacing, adopts modern autocorrelation function to ask method to ask its autocorrelation function.Because range ambiguity letter need carry out translation weighted sum, different time delay points is made to have identical height resolution.After adjusting like this, the weights of long pulse coding different delay point also can be thereupon different, therefore also revises.Long pulse power spectrum is obtained through Fourier transform by the auto-correlation of long pulse, wherein contains the information of 200 different distance doors.And the set-up mode of Clutter Model is consistent with Barker code.
(3) alternate code
Alternate code transmit generation module use alternate code be Lehtinen code, comprising weak alternate code and strong alternate code two type, transmit generation module first generating indexes code, then obtains alternate code matrix by Walsh matrix, finally carry out randomization to alternate code matrix.
The establishment step of the signal model of the echo signal reception module of alternate code to above two kinds encode similar.
What alternate code echo signal processing module used is still that traditional autocorrelation function asks method to carry out data processing.For 16 strong alternate codes, detection complete each time needs 32 cycles, each cycle adopts a different set of coded pulse, autocorrelation function is obtained after each periodic sampling, and be multiplied by corresponding symbol coefficient and revised, again 32 of these 32 cycles groups of results are added up after circulation successively, finally can obtain higher range resolution.
2. non-coherent scattering spectrum emulation module
Non-coherent scattering spectrum emulation module, module is based on Sheffield non-coherent scattering spectral theory, to different electronic and ionic temperature ratio Utopian under Maxwell's distribution occasion, different collision frequency, the non-coherent scattering spectrum in different ions composition three kinds of situations carries out modeling and simulating.Do not consider the impact of magnetic field, electric field in hypothesis, under also not considering the collision situation between plasma, Maxwell divides the expression formula planting idealized non-coherent scattering spectrum such as formula shown in (1)
Wherein k
bboltzmann constant, f
e0represent the velocity distribution function of electronics, f
i0represent the velocity distribution function of ion, x
ewith x
ithe different components of coefficient of magnetization.
Emulate scattering spectra based on this model, system achieves above-mentioned electronic and ionic temperature ratio, collision frequency, freely arranging of ion component three kinds spectrum parameter, can provide the non-coherent scattering spectrum of different parameters condition fast.
3. Ionospheric Parameters analysis module
Ionospheric Parameters analysis module 103 utilizes European incoherent scattering radar association (EISCAT) DAP GUISDAP to be preserved with graphic file formats by the Ionospheric Parameters analysis result on January 22nd, 2004, and provide the analysis interpretation of figure, establish the database of partial ionization layer parameter figure.User can check simulation result fast by consulting these figures in use, provides with reference to contrast to system emulation.
4. antenna array emulation module
Antenna array emulation module 104 mainly completes antenna radiation pattern emulation, and phased array antenna directional diagram is subject to the constraint of the key factor such as array element distance, weighting function, array element arrangement mode of antenna.In order to obtain lower antenna side lobe level, usually need the exciting current weighting process of each antenna element in pair array.Method of weighting mainly contains amplitude weighting and Density Weighted.Amplitude weighting generally adopts illumination function, and method of weighting mainly contains amplitude weighting and Density Weighted.Amplitude weighting generally adopts illumination function, and module uses carries out amplitude weighting such as formula the hamming distribution function shown in (4)
A(x)＝0.08+0.92cos
2(πx/2)(4)
The Density Weighted of module adopts Circular Aperture weighting scheme.Distance two factors of the method and weighting coefficient, antenna spacing and array center are relevant, and Circular Aperture weighting function can be expressed as formula (5).Wherein, r represents the distance of antenna spacing and array center, and R represents front radius, and p represents exponent number.
Antenna array emulation module can arrange the parameters such as antenna element number, antenna spacing, the angle of pitch, position angle, antenna aperture shape, weighting scheme at interface.The antenna pattern of antenna can be shown, the gain of antenna, bay distribution plan, aerial array distribution plan.
5. radar combat power field module
The assessment of the radar coverage that radar combat power field module 105=mainly completes.Radar combat power field module 105 uses soft object radar equation, and user can arrange the emission peak power of radar, antenna aperture, pulse width, system hardware link load, receives bandwidth, the multiple simulation parameter such as receiver noise temperature.The detection echo signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of emphasis checking radar model machine configuration in emulation.
Can know from radar equation, in a certain detection range, peak power and antenna aperture decide the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) (SNR) of system.Use the single step form incoherent scattering radar system of a vertical incidence and backscatter mode to detect, suppose that the distance of radar and target is R, range resolution is dR, and plasma average density is n
r, the echo power approximate expression that radar receives is:
Wherein P
ta
rthe power and aperture being radar is long-pending, σ
0that the RCS of unmagnetized plasma can be expressed as:
Wherein σ
ebe the RCS of electronics, α=4 π D/ λ is plasma Debye length, and Ti/Te is the temperature ratio of electronic and ionic.
In the radar system of routine, the bandwidth of operation B of radar receiver and fire pulse width τ is inversely proportional to.But the bandwidth of operation of incoherent scattering radar system often depends on the pulse frequency spectrum that non-coherent scattering is composed and spread-spectrum.
The echo to-noise ratio of instantaneous (monopulse) system can be expressed as:
Wherein L
sysrepresent the loss of radar system, k is Boltzmann constant, T
nfor system noise temperature, B is receiver operation bandwidth.Receiver noise power P
n=kT
nb.
Based on model above, system employs the three ground Ionosphere Over IRI model datas such as morning September 29 in 2012 Nanchang, Nanjing, Sanyas at 10 and completes modular simulation as data source.
6. radar hardware performance evaluation module
Radar hardware performance evaluation module 106 is the modules of whole system being carried out to supplementary reference.This module utilizes the up-to-date Radar Signal Processing simulation model library provided of simulink environment, builds the radar simulation module that meets incoherent scattering radar characteristic.By arranging module emissive power, antenna gain, measured target scattering area, the parameters such as Doppler can see the impact of these parameters on radar detection result intuitively.This module outputs signal by receiver the detectivity whether visible echo-pulse judges system, analyzes the signal receiver output signal that compared for before and after no-coherence cumulating.This module can assess the hardware performance of radar preferably.
This module comprises with lower component:
Radar pulse generator, the frequency modulation on pulse of output power 1 megawatt 2% dutycycle (time=2ms, cycle=100ms).
The RF transmitter portion be made up of wave filter and amplifier.This part is realized by simRF circuit envelope module library.Due to filtrator be linear unit and amplifier nonlinearity so they are separated and are encapsulated in two independently in subsystem.In addition, because the setting of analog frequency is different in two subsystems, use multiple frequency acquisition to the impact of limited IP3 in nonlinear system.It should be noted that this method is the method that simulation velocity improves the balance between the inter-stage load action loss of cascade chain.
The antenna element of desirable appointment gain, is operated in 2.1GHz.
Target is a soft object being full of investigative range, is realized by Offered target characteristic.
Radio frequency receiver uses simRF circuit envelope storehouse to set up.Low noise amplifier is added and matching network realizes direct transformational structure at receiving end.The low noise amplifier (receiveamp.s2p) of this model uses a test stone file.Local oscillator comprises a phase noise model.Being similar to radiofrequency launcher by model conversation is independently linear processes system, and in matching network, low noise amplifier and wave filter are linear segments, and frequency mixer and output amplifier are in inelastic region.
Radar data reduction assessment and signal flow diagram module
Radar data reduction assessment and signal flow diagram module 107, module comprises the entire flow of incoherent scattering radar signal transacting, emphasis demonstration and verification analog electrical absciss layer reflection echo, receiver receives process echoed signal and obtains power spectrum signal, and power spectrum extracts the process obtaining Ionospheric Parameters.Module is actual is module above connected, and module is above connected by radar job order, parameters control imitation condition, and simulation parameter is pressed subsystem sequence delivery by calling.In the end final Ionospheric Parameters can be obtained by subsystem by the progressively process of subsystem.Can make like this user complete, get information about whole analogue system and work.
Claims (10)
1. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere, it is characterized in that: adopt modular design method, signal emulation module, non-coherent scattering is divided into compose emulation module, Ionospheric Parameters analysis module, radar combat power field module, antenna array emulation module system according to radar practical systems structure and each extension function, it is substantially identical that functions of modules and radar each system extension set complete function, each intermodule can realize data, information transmission and share, also independent operating can be set according to customer parameter, carry out this extension set signal waveform, power spectrum display; Each module data can be preserved with text formatting, can carry out processing in real time, afterwards, checking, parameter is called in; System utilizes MATLAB graphic user interface function to carry out dynamic demonstration.
2. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described signal emulation module comprises the generation module that transmits, echo signal reception module, echo signal processing module, signal integrity display module, it emulates the send-receive-processing procedure of Barker code, long pulse code and alternate code three kinds of coded signals; The generation module that transmits produces the coding waveforms that pulse parameter can be established; Echo signal reception module produces the echoed signal with clutter and noise according to the guinea pig environment that transmits; Echo signal processing module, again according to echo features, adopts filtering, no-coherence cumulating, ambiguity function, correcting process method to carry out process to signal and obtain echo signal power spectrum, signal integrity display module display complete waveform.
3. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described non-coherent scattering spectrum emulation module is based on Sheffield non-coherent scattering spectral theory, to different electronic and ionic temperature ratio Utopian under Maxwell's distribution occasion, different collision frequency, the non-coherent scattering spectrum in different ions composition three kinds of situations carries out modeling and simulating.
4. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described antenna array emulation module mainly completes antenna radiation pattern emulation, and phased array antenna directional diagram is subject to the constraint of the array element distance of antenna, weighting function, array element arrangement mode.
5. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described radar combat power field module uses soft object radar equation, user can arrange the emission peak power of radar, antenna aperture, pulse width, system hardware link load, receives bandwidth, the multiple simulation parameter emulation such as receiver noise temperature detection echo signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
6. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be also provided with radar hardware performance evaluation module, utilize the up-to-date Radar Signal Processing simulation model library provided of simulink environment, build the radar simulation module that meets incoherent scattering radar characteristic, by arranging module emissive power, antenna gain, measured target scattering area, the parameters such as Doppler can see the impact of these parameters on radar detection result intuitively.
7. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be also provided with radar data reduction assessment and signal flow diagram module, module is above connected, by calling, module is above connected by radar job order, parameters control imitation condition, and simulation parameter is pressed subsystem sequence delivery, in the end can obtain final Ionospheric Parameters by subsystem by the progressively process of subsystem.
8. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the generation module original signal that transmits is
, wherein A is the amplitude of carrier wave, and t is the instantaneous phase of carrier wave; With 13 bake sequences { design of Simulation that the pulse signal that 11111-1-111-11-11} encodes carries out;
Echo signal reception module needs to transmit the signal target that generation module exports, and then adds clutter and noise could form finally complete target echo data; What target echo signal can be similar to is expressed as the delay transmitted, for the characteristic of the incoherent scattering radar detection of a target, its clutter adopts the Gaussian spectrum model of rayleigh distributed to describe, and the thermonoise of radar system normally white Gaussian noise, therefore adopt Monte-carlo Simulation to produce;
What the echo signal processing module of Barker code adopted is that matched filtering realizes pulse compression, and filter coefficient is the mirror image function of Barker code envelope; Actual ask auto-correlation time, filter coefficient is multiplied with echoed signal by we, then the result of product is sued for peace according to lag time delay spacing, just obtains the autocorrelation function of sampling instant coded signal.
9. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: corresponding long pulse code, when calculating, the transponder pulse of long pulse is divided into a series of unit by the generation module that transmits, but the phase value that each unit is corresponding is 1, then identical with carrier signal;
Echo signal processing module, the amplitude arranging long pulse coding filter coefficient is 1, and length is lag time delay spacing, adopts modern autocorrelation function to ask method to ask its autocorrelation function; Long pulse power spectrum is obtained through Fourier transform by the auto-correlation of long pulse, wherein contains the information of 200 different distance doors.
10. the incoherent loose radar simulator system in ionosphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the alternate code that the generation module that transmits of alternate code uses is Lehtinen code, comprising weak alternate code and strong alternate code two type, transmit generation module first generating indexes code, then obtain alternate code matrix by Walsh matrix, finally randomization is carried out to alternate code matrix.
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| CN108761420A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 中电科（宁波）海洋电子研究院有限公司 | A kind of compensation method of the solid-state pathfinder target detection peculiar to vessel based on MEMS |
| CN108761420B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-04-24 | 中电科（宁波）海洋电子研究院有限公司 | Compensation method for marine solid-state navigation radar target detection based on MEMS |
| CN109581363A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-05 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | A kind of detection of small size space junk and parameter extracting method based on incoherent scattering radar |
| CN110531316A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of recognition methods of tropospheric scatter mechanism |
| CN111610513A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method, system and device for extracting multi-station incoherent scattering radar signal |
| CN113391279A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 中国人民解放军空军通信士官学校 | Radar interference effect evaluation method based on fuzzy mathematics and MATLAB graphical user interface |
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