CN104166126B - A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar - Google Patents
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN104166126B CN104166126B CN201410347627.4A CN201410347627A CN104166126B CN 104166126 B CN104166126 B CN 104166126B CN 201410347627 A CN201410347627 A CN 201410347627A CN 104166126 B CN104166126 B CN 104166126B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
- G01S7/4056—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes specially adapted to FMCW
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of simulated radar echo method of continuous wave radar, the method is according to radar position relative with target and distance, radar motion speed, calculate Doppler frequency and the echo time delay of radar emission signal, further according to radar equation and radar system parameters, obtain the echo useful signal that radar antenna receives；Then, static state according to radar crystal oscillator output signal is made an uproar spectrum mutually, and crystal oscillator calculates the spectrum of dynamically making an uproar mutually of crystal oscillator output signal at the mechanical response of carrier, the isolation of coupling system is worth to the Dynamic power spectra of leakage signal, and is converted into the time domain data of radar leakage Dynamic Signal；Finally echo useful signal is added with leakage Dynamic Signal, obtain the radar echo signal containing dynamic leakage signal, the method can simulate the continuous wave radar echo-signal close to true environment, can be used for continuous wave radar direct current cancellation circuit to test, it is adaptable to the test system of flight landing radar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to continuous wave radar signal process field, particularly to a kind of for continuous wave radar
Simulated radar echo method, it is adaptable to continuous wave radar direct current offsets the checking of ability.
Background technology
Continuous wave radar is a kind of radar obtaining target information by launching continuous wave.Letter is launched by it
Number difference is divided into single-frequency or multi-frequency, or frequency modulated continuous wave radar, is mainly used in the field of ranging and range rate
Close.Launch due to it is continuous wave, therefore peak power is low, has good electronic countermeasure and low intercepting and capturing
Probability performance；Additionally it tests the speed and there is not velocity ambiguity, finds range and there is not blind range zone, and remaining radar
Possessing this advantage, process must be considerably complicated.And this radar is launched continuously and receives, therefore only need
Less transmitting power can realize operating distance farther out.
A lot of advantages of continuous wave radar are launched reception all continuously and are brought, but this also causes continuous wave thunder
The major defect reached: signals leakiness.When working due to continuous wave radar, transmitter and receiver is same
Time work, the microwave energy launched by transmitter is inevitably leaked into by antenna or circulator and connects
Receipts machine system, then enters Digital Radar Signal Processing unit by receiver, and receiver may be caused to satisfy
With or digital signal processing unit A/D sampling saturated etc., so that cannot be carried out effectively measuring.
In order to ensure that radar system can normally work, continuous wave radar all must use cancellation techniques, presses down
The system leakage impact on measuring.The current research solving continuous wave radar isolation problem be concentrated mainly on as
What design suppression circuit reaches high rejection ratio, the suppression technology developed mainly comprise radio frequency offset, in
Frequency offsets and video cancellation.No matter using which kind of cancellation techniques, continuous wave radar is equal before final utilization
Need that it is offseted ability to verify.The validity of leakage simulation directly affects to be surveyed continuous wave radar
The integrity of examination.
Consulting published single-frequency continuous wave radar related data, radar leakage simulation is main to be used
Transmitter signal is connect attenuator, and the mode being then coupled into receiver is carried out.
This mode can only reflect radar leak case under static state, and continuous wave radar mainly should
For flight landing environment, actually used all along with vibration in various degree.The simulation of static leakage is right
Have little significance in test radar performance.
According to existing disclosed data check, the most still there is no to simulate the side of continuous wave radar dynamic leakage
Method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, it is provided that a kind of for continuous wave radar
Simulated radar echo method, the method can simulate close to true environment continuous wave radar echo believe
Number, described radar echo signal includes base band echo useful signal and base band dynamic leakage signal, can be used for
Continuous wave radar direct current cancellation circuit is tested, it is adaptable to the test system of flight landing radar.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing systematic parameter, the systematic parameter used in i.e. calculating simulation is composed
Value, described systematic parameter includes the crystal oscillator parameter of radar system parameters and radar frequency synthesizer, Qi Zhongsuo
State radar system parameters include radar antenna centre coordinate value (x, y, z), ground target coordinate figure, thunder
Reach antenna beamwidth φ, radar motion direction vectorMovement velocity v of radar relative target, radar
Launch signal wavelength lambda, radar emission signal power Pt, radar directional pattern G (β), radar antenna center
Axial vectorBackscattering coefficient σ in unit are0, radar isolation D, do not consider phase noise condition
Power spectrum P (f) of lower radar emission signal；The crystal oscillator parameter of described radar frequency synthesizer, including described crystalline substance
The static phase noise data that shakes, oscillation power spectrum density H (f) (f=0～fmax), acceleration of vibration sensitive
Degree Γ, vibration peak acceleration A, and without crystal oscillator frequency f during acceleration0；
(2) calculate base band echo useful signal s (t) that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
A () sits according to radar antenna centre coordinate value, radar antenna central axis vector, ground target
Scale value and radar antenna beam angle φ, calculate the irradiation area that radar antenna is formed about in ground target
Scope, method is as follows:
Axle centered by radar antenna central axis, with cross radar antenna center and with in described radar antenna
Heart axis angle is that the straight line of φ/2 forms circular cone 1 around radar antenna center axis thereof, by circular cone 1
Base circumference obtain elliptic plane 1 to the earth's surface plane projection of target place, described elliptic plane 1 is
The irradiation area scope that radar antenna is formed about in ground target；
B () is d1 and the parallel lines being parallel to the short axle of elliptic plane 1 with N-1 stripe pitch, and M-1
Stripe pitch is d2 and the parallel lines being parallel to elliptic plane 1 major axis, and elliptic plane 1 is divided into MN
Individual junior unit, is numbered 1～MN successively, and wherein, M, N are the positive integer more than or equal to 1.And root
According to ground target coordinate figure and junior unit and the relative position relation of ground target coordinate position, it is calculated
Each junior unit Geometric center coordinates (xi,yi,zi)；
Geometric center coordinates value according to radar antenna centre coordinate value and above-mentioned MN junior unit calculates
The radar beam vector of each junior unit geometric center is pointed at radar antenna center(i=1,2 ..., MN),
I.e. radar antenna centre coordinate value is that (x, y, z), the Geometric center coordinates value of junior unit i is (xi,yi,zi),
The then radar beam vector of radar antenna center sensing junior unit i geometric center:
According to following formula calculate arrive junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) on radar emission signal many
General Le frequency:
Wherein,For radar motion direction vector, v is the movement velocity of radar relative target, and λ is radar
Launch signal wavelength, ' ' representative vector dot-product operation, | | | | representative vector delivery calculates；
Radar antenna central shaft vector is calculated according to following formulaWith radar beam vectorAngle βi:
Further according to described angle βiWith radar directional pattern G (β), obtain radar antenna reception junior unit i anti-
Penetrate the gain G of signali=G (βi)；
(c) according to step (b) calculated arrival junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) on thunder
Reach Doppler frequency f launching signaliWith the gain that radar antenna receives junior unit i reflected signal
Gi=G (βi), calculating radar antenna receives the base band useful signal through junior unit i reflection and is:
Wherein, PtFor radar emission signal power, σ0For backscattering coefficient, A on unit areaiFor little list
Unit i area (i=1,2 ..., MN), RiFor radar center to junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN)
The distance of geometric center,For junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) the random phase of useful signal that reflects
Position, [0,2 π) in obey be uniformly distributed；
The base band useful signal of d MN junior unit reflection that step (c) is obtained by () adds up, and obtains thunder
Reach the base band echo useful signal of reception
(3) calculate the base band dynamic leakage signal that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
E (), according to the static phase noise data of crystal oscillator in radar frequency synthesizer, passes through linear interpolation
Method obtains the static phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；
F () is according to oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of described crystal oscillator, acceleration of vibration sensitivity Γ, vibration
Peak accelerator A, without crystal oscillator frequency f during acceleration0, calculate modulation index β=(Γ A) f0/ f, wherein f
For frequency of vibration, in modulation index β, < when 0.1, the Dynamic Phase noise of crystal oscillator output signal is composed by following formula meter
Obtain:
L (f)=(| Γ | f0)2H(f)/(2f2)
Wherein, H (f) frequency coverage is 0～fmax, work as f > and fmaxTime, L (f) is equal to step (e)
In crystal oscillator output signal static phase noise spectrum；Wherein fmaxDetermine according to radar application platform, as gone straight up to
Machine fmaxFor 500Hz, jet plane fmaxFor 2000Hz, satellite fmaxFor 2000Hz；
Dynamic Phase noise spectrum T (f) of (g) calculating radar emission signal:
T (f)=L (f)+20log (fc/f0)
Wherein, fcFor radar transmitter frequency, f0For without crystal oscillator frequency during acceleration, L (f) is step (f)
Obtain the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of (h) calculating radar leakage signal:
X (f)=P (f)/D T (f),
Wherein D is radar isolation, and P (f) is the merit of radar emission signal under the conditions of not considering phase noise
Rate is composed, and T (f) is the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of step (g) calculated radar emission signal；
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of i radar leakage signal that described step (h) is obtained by (), corresponding frequency
Rate is to left fc, obtain the base band Dynamic power spectra X of radar leakage signal0(f), described X0F () is through opening
Side's computing obtains the dynamic amplitude spectrum of radar base band leakage signal, and carries out inverse Fourier transform, obtains base band
Dynamic leakage signal d (t)；
(4) base band that base band echo useful signal s (t) step (2) obtained and step (3) obtain is moved
State leakage signal d (t) is added, and obtains base band echo-signal r (t)=s (t)+d (t) that radar antenna receives；
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step calculates in (3)
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of radar leakage signal data that instrument can be used to survey replace, specifically survey
Method for testing is as follows:
(1), in the open in test environment, radar system is installed on a vibration table, described outdoor survey
Test ring border does not has shelter, and nothing in radar system operating frequency range in radar antenna beam area
Other disturb signal；
(2) output signal end at radar receiving antenna connects spectrum analyzer；
(3) reception sensor is installed on radar frequency synthesizer, vibration table is applied excitation, it is ensured that
The oscillation power spectrum of described sensor and oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of the crystal oscillator of radar frequency synthesizer
Cause；
(4) under described vibration condition, radar system normally works, and spectrum analyzer acquisition radar connects
Receiving antenna and receive the power spectrum of signal, described power spectrum is the Dynamic power spectra of radar leakage signal
X(f)。
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, radar antenna ripple in step (1)
Beam width φ determines by the following method: the angle that radar antenna beam gain maximum is corresponding is φ0, radar
Antenna beam gain is at angle φ0Both sides second time drops to zero, and corresponding angle is respectively φ1、φ2, φ1<φ2,
Radar antenna beam angle φ=φ2-φ1。
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, unit are in step (1)
Upper backscattering coefficient σ0, utilize Kirchhoff approximation method to be calculated from dielectric constant.
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step (3) uses parallel lines
Divide radar antenna when the irradiation area scope that ground target is formed about, spacing d1 of parallel lines,
D2 is not less than radar emission signal wavelength lambda, and described spacing d1 and d2 are the least, the territory element of division
Area is the least, and signal imitation calculates the most accurate, but amount of calculation increases, therefore in simulation degree of accuracy and calculating
Between amount, parallel lines spacing is chosen in compromise.
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step (2) calculates passes through
Junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) reflect base band useful signal time, according to radar antenna on ground
The method dividing junior unit in the range of exposures of target proximity, junior unit i be approximately the length of side be respectively d1,
The rectangle of d2, the area A of described rectanglei=d1*d2, radar center is to the distance of junior unit i geometric centerWherein (x, y, z) be radar antenna center geometric coordinate,
(xi,yi,zi) it is junior unit i Geometric center coordinates value.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantages that
(1) radar echo signal analogy method of the present invention, utilizes radar frequency synthesizer crystal oscillator in vibration
Under the conditions of data, and combine radar system parameters, calculate the dynamic leakage signal of continuous wave radar, phase
Using static leakage signal than prior art, the echo-signal that present invention simulation obtains is true closer to radar
Signal environment situation, is used for radar test by this echo-signal and more has cogency.
(2) radar echo signal analogy method of the present invention, by continuous wave radar dynamic leakage signal and thunder
Reach echo useful signal superposition and generate the echo-signal containing dynamic leakage data, can with this signal testing radar
To verify that the direct current of radar offsets ability and measurement capability simultaneously, and prior art will be launched signal attenuation
The method of rear coupling can only verify that merely direct current offsets ability.
(3) present invention is in step (2) dynamic leakage signal calculates, can be with the radar of reality test
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of leakage signal calculates, and this computational methods simulate the dynamic leakage obtained
Radar, in true leakage signal, is carried out by Signal approximation by the echo-signal containing described dynamic leakage signal
Test, the test result accuracy of described test is only second to the test result of practical flight.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the simulated radar echo product process figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the determination radar antenna range of exposures method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the time domain beamformer of base band echo useful signal in the embodiment of the present invention, and upper figure is useful
Signal real part time domain beamformer, figure below is useful signal imaginary part time domain beamformer；
Fig. 4 is the oscillation power spectrum density of crystal oscillator in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the Dynamic power spectra of radar leakage signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the time domain beamformer of the echo-signal in the embodiment of the present invention containing dynamic leakage data, wherein
Upper figure is the time domain beamformer of echo-signal real part, and figure below is the time domain beamformer of echo-signal imaginary part.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As it is shown in figure 1, use the inventive method that the echo-signal for continuous wave radar is carried out Numerical-Mode
Intending, specific implementation process is as follows:
(1) initializing systematic parameter, described systematic parameter includes radar system parameters and radar
The crystal oscillator parameter of frequency synthesizer, wherein said radar system parameters includes radar antenna centre coordinate value
(x, y, z), ground target coordinate figure, radar antenna beam angle φ, radar motion direction vector
Movement velocity v of radar relative target, radar emission signal wavelength lambda, radar emission signal power Pt, thunder
Reach antenna radiation pattern G (β), radar antenna central shaft vectorBackscattering coefficient σ in unit are0, thunder
Reach isolation D, do not consider power spectrum P (f) of radar emission signal under the conditions of phase noise；Described radar frequency
The crystal oscillator parameter of rate synthesizer, including static phase noise data, the oscillation power spectrum density of described crystal oscillator
H (f) (f=0～fmax), acceleration of vibration sensitivity Γ, vibration peak acceleration A, and without acceleration
Time crystal oscillator frequency f0；
(2) calculate base band echo useful signal s (t) that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
A () sits according to radar antenna centre coordinate value, radar antenna central axis vector, ground target
Scale value and radar antenna beam angle φ, calculate the irradiation area that radar antenna is formed about in ground target
Scope, method is as follows:
Axle centered by radar antenna central axis, with cross radar antenna center and with in described radar antenna
Heart axis angle is that the straight line of φ/2 forms circular cone 1 around radar antenna center axis thereof, by circular cone 1
Base circumference obtain elliptic plane 1 to the earth's surface plane projection of target place, described elliptic plane 1 is
The irradiation area scope that radar antenna is formed about in ground target, as shown in Figure 2；
B () is d1 and the parallel lines being parallel to the short axle of elliptic plane 1 with N-1 stripe pitch, and M-1
Stripe pitch is d2 and the parallel lines being parallel to elliptic plane 1 major axis, and elliptic plane 1 is divided into MN
Individual junior unit, is numbered 1～MN successively, and wherein, M, N are the positive integer more than or equal to 1.And root
According to ground target coordinate figure and junior unit and the relative position relation of ground target coordinate position, it is calculated
Each junior unit i Geometric center coordinates (xi,yi,zi)；
Geometric center coordinates value according to radar antenna centre coordinate value and above-mentioned MN junior unit calculates
The radar beam vector of each junior unit geometric center is pointed at radar antenna center(i=1,2 ..., MN),
I.e. radar antenna centre coordinate value be (x, y, z), junior unit i Geometric center coordinates (xi,yi,zi), then
The radar beam vector of radar antenna center sensing junior unit i geometric center:
According to following formula calculate arrive junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) on radar emission signal many
General Le frequency:
Wherein,For radar motion direction vector, v is the movement velocity of radar relative target, and λ is radar
Launch signal wavelength, ' ' representative vector dot-product operation, | | | | representative vector delivery calculates；
Radar antenna central shaft vector is calculated according to following formulaWith radar beam vectorAngle βi:
Further according to described angle βiWith radar directional pattern G (β), obtain radar antenna reception junior unit i anti-
Penetrate the gain G of signali=G (βi)；
(c) according to step (b) calculated arrival junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) on thunder
Reach Doppler frequency f launching signaliWith the gain that radar antenna receives junior unit i reflected signal
Gi=G (βi), calculating radar antenna receives the base band useful signal through junior unit i reflection and is:
Wherein, PtFor radar emission signal power, σ0For backscattering coefficient, A on unit areaiFor little list
Unit i area (i=1,2 ..., MN), RiFor radar center to junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN)
The distance of geometric center,For junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) the random phase of useful signal that reflects
Position, [0,2 π) in obey be uniformly distributed；
The base band useful signal of d MN junior unit reflection that step (c) is obtained by () adds up, and obtains thunder
Reach the base band echo useful signal of reception
In the present embodiment, radar directional pattern maximum gain is set as 26dB, radar directional pattern shape
Shape is standard Sinc function, radar emission signal power PtFor 20dBm, radar antenna center is relative to ground
The distance of target geometric center is 6km, and movement velocity v of radar relative target is 320m/s, and radar is transported
Dynamic direction is 10 ° with the radar beam direction vector angle of sensing target geometric center, radar beam width φ
Being 6 °, radar antenna is divided into 7000 small patches in the irradiation area scope that ground target is formed about,
Ground dielectric constant is 3, the time domain waveform such as Fig. 3 of the base band echo useful signal that employing the inventive method obtains
Shown in.
(3) calculate the base band dynamic leakage signal that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
(e) according to the static phase noise data of crystal oscillator in radar frequency synthesizer, by linear interpolation side
Method obtains the static phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；In the present embodiment, the static phase of crystal oscillator is made an uproar
Sound data are: 10Hz is-90dBc/Hz, and 100Hz is-110dBc/Hz, and 1kHz is-130dBc/Hz,
10kHz is-145dBc/Hz, and 100kHz is-150dBc/Hz；
F () is according to oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of described crystal oscillator, acceleration of vibration sensitivity Γ, vibration peak
Value acceleration A, without crystal oscillator frequency f during acceleration0, calculate modulation index β=(Γ A) f0/ f, wherein f is
Frequency of vibration, in modulation index β, < when 0.1, the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal is calculated by following formula
Obtain:
L (f)=(| Γ | f0)2H(f)/(2f2)
Wherein, H (f) frequency coverage is 0～fmax, work as f > and fmaxTime, L (f) is equal to step (e)
In crystal oscillator output signal static phase noise spectrum；Wherein fmaxDetermine according to radar application platform, as gone straight up to
Machine fmaxFor 500Hz, jet plane fmaxFor 2000Hz, satellite fmaxFor 2000Hz；
In the present embodiment, oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of described crystal oscillator as shown in Figure 4, frequency coverage
Scope is 0～2000Hz, as f > 2000Hz time, L (f) is equal to the crystal oscillator output letter in step (e)
Number static phase noise spectrum, the acceleration sensitivity Γ of crystal oscillator is 5 × 10-10/ g, without crystal oscillator frequency during acceleration
Rate f0For 100MHz, Dynamic Phase noise spectrum L (f) of the crystal oscillator output signal obtained is as shown in Figure 5.
Dynamic Phase noise spectrum T (f) of (g) calculating radar emission signal:
T (f)=L (f)+20log (fc/f0)
Wherein, fcFor radar transmitter frequency, f0For without crystal oscillator frequency during acceleration, L (f) is step (f)
Obtain the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；
In the present embodiment, fcFor 34.25GHz, Dynamic Phase noise spectrum T (f) phase of radar emission signal
Deterioration amount for Dynamic Phase noise spectrum L (f) of crystal oscillator output signal is h=20log (fc/f0)=51dB.
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of (h) calculating radar leakage signal:
X (f)=P (f)/D T (f),
Wherein D is radar isolation, and P (f) is the merit of radar emission signal under the conditions of not considering phase noise
Rate is composed, and T (f) is the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of step (g) calculated radar emission signal, this example
In example, radar isolation D value 100dB, take transmitting power 20dBm, when transmitting signal is simple signal
Its power spectrum P (f) launching signal is impulse function, the dynamic power of calculated radar leakage signal
Spectrum X (f) is as shown in Figure 6；
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of i radar leakage signal that described step (h) is obtained by (), corresponding frequency
Rate is to left fc, obtain the base band Dynamic power spectra X of radar leakage signal0(f), described X0F () is through opening
Side's computing obtains the dynamic amplitude spectrum of radar base band leakage signal, and carries out inverse Fourier transform, obtains base band
Dynamic leakage signal d (t)；
(4) base band that base band echo useful signal s (t) step (2) obtained and step (3) obtain is moved
State leakage signal d (t) is added, and obtains base band echo-signal r (t)=s (t)+d (t) that radar antenna receives；This
The time domain waveform of the base band echo-signal that embodiment obtains is as shown in Figure 7.
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step calculates in (3)
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of radar leakage signal data that instrument can be used to survey replace, specifically survey
Method for testing is as follows:
(1), in the open in test environment, radar system is installed on a vibration table, described outdoor survey
Test ring border does not has shelter, and nothing in radar system operating frequency range in radar antenna beam area
Other disturb signal；
(2) output signal end at radar receiving antenna connects spectrum analyzer；
(3) reception sensor is installed on radar frequency synthesizer, vibration table is applied excitation, it is ensured that
The oscillation power spectrum of described sensor and oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of the crystal oscillator of radar frequency synthesizer
Cause；
(4) under described vibration condition, radar system normally works, and spectrum analyzer acquisition radar connects
Receiving antenna and receive the power spectrum of signal, described power spectrum is the Dynamic power spectra of radar leakage signal
X(f)。
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, radar antenna ripple in step (1)
Beam width φ determines by the following method: the angle that radar antenna beam gain maximum is corresponding is φ0, radar
Antenna beam gain is at angle φ0Both sides second time drops to zero, and corresponding angle is respectively φ1、φ2, φ1<φ2,
Radar antenna beam angle φ=φ2-φ1。
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, unit are in step (1)
Upper backscattering coefficient σ0, utilize Kirchhoff approximation method to be calculated from dielectric constant.
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step (3) uses parallel lines
Divide radar antenna when the irradiation area scope that ground target is formed about, spacing d1 of parallel lines,
D2 is not less than radar emission signal wavelength lambda, and described spacing d1 and d2 are the least, the territory element of division
Area is the least, and signal imitation calculates the most accurate, but amount of calculation increases, therefore in simulation degree of accuracy and calculating
Between amount, parallel lines spacing is chosen in compromise.
In the above-mentioned simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, step (2) calculates passes through
Junior unit i (i=1,2 ..., MN) reflect base band useful signal time, according to radar antenna on ground
The method dividing junior unit in the range of exposures of target proximity, junior unit i be approximately the length of side be respectively d1,
The rectangle of d2, the area A of described rectanglei=d1*d2, radar center is to the distance of junior unit i geometric centerWherein (x, y, z) be radar antenna center geometric coordinate,
(xi,yi,zi) it is the geometric coordinate of junior unit i.
The above, the detailed description of the invention that only present invention is optimal, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Being confined to this, any those familiar with the art, can in the technical scope that the invention discloses
The change readily occurred in or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known of professional and technical personnel in the field
Technology.
Claims (6)
1. the simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar, it is characterised in that include that step is such as
Under:
(1) initializing systematic parameter, described systematic parameter includes radar system parameters and radar
The crystal oscillator parameter of frequency synthesizer, wherein said radar system parameters includes radar antenna centre coordinate value
(x, y, z), ground target coordinate figure, radar antenna beam angle φ, radar motion direction vector
Movement velocity v of radar relative target, radar emission signal wavelength lambda, radar emission signal power Pt, thunder
Reach antenna radiation pattern G (β), radar antenna central shaft vectorBackscattering coefficient σ in unit are0, thunder
Reach isolation D, do not consider power spectrum P (f) of radar emission signal under the conditions of phase noise；Described radar frequency
The crystal oscillator parameter of rate synthesizer, including static phase noise data, the oscillation power spectrum density of described crystal oscillator
H (f) (f=0～fmax), acceleration of vibration sensitivity Γ, vibration peak acceleration A, and without acceleration
Time crystal oscillator frequency f0；
(2) calculate base band echo useful signal s (t) that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
A () sits according to radar antenna centre coordinate value, radar antenna central axis vector, ground target
Scale value and radar antenna beam angle φ, calculate the irradiation area that radar antenna is formed about in ground target
Scope, method is as follows:
Axle centered by radar antenna central axis, with cross radar antenna center and with in described radar antenna
Heart axis angle is that the straight line of φ/2 forms circular cone around radar antenna center axis thereof, by the end of circular cone
Face circumference obtains elliptic plane to the earth's surface plane projection of target place, and described elliptic plane is radar antenna
In the irradiation area scope that ground target is formed about；
B () is d1 and the parallel lines being parallel to the short axle of elliptic plane with N-1 stripe pitch, and M-1 bar
Spacing is d2 and the parallel lines being parallel to elliptic plane major axis, and elliptic plane is divided into MN little list
Unit, is numbered 1～MN successively, and wherein, M, N are the positive integer more than or equal to 1, is calculated each
Junior unit i Geometric center coordinates (xi,yi,zi)；
Geometric center coordinates value according to radar antenna centre coordinate value and above-mentioned MN junior unit calculates
The radar beam vector of each junior unit i geometric center is pointed at radar antenna centerI.e. radar antenna center
Coordinate figure is that (x, y, z), the Geometric center coordinates value of junior unit i is (xi,yi,zi), then in radar antenna
The radar beam vector of heart sensing junior unit i geometric center:
Doppler frequency according to the radar emission signal on following formula calculating arrival junior unit i:
Wherein,For radar motion direction vector, v is the movement velocity of radar relative target, and λ is radar
Launch signal wavelength, ' ' representative vector dot-product operation, | | | | representative vector delivery calculates；
Radar antenna central shaft vector is calculated according to following formulaWith radar beam vectorAngle βi:
Further according to described angle βiWith radar directional pattern G (β), obtain radar antenna reception junior unit i anti-
Penetrate the gain G of signali=G (βi)；
C () is according to the Doppler of the radar emission signal on step (b) calculated arrival junior unit i
Frequency fiWith the gain G that radar antenna receives junior unit i reflected signali=G (βi), calculate radar antenna and receive
To the base band useful signal reflected through junior unit i it is:
Wherein, PtFor radar emission signal power, σ0For backscattering coefficient, A on unit areaiFor little list
The area of unit i, RiFor the distance of radar center to junior unit i geometric center,For having of junior unit i reflection
By the random phase of signal, [0,2 π) in obey and be uniformly distributed；
The base band useful signal of d MN junior unit reflection that step (c) is obtained by () adds up, and obtains thunder
Reach the base band echo useful signal of reception
(3) calculate the base band dynamic leakage signal that radar antenna receives, specifically comprise the following steps that
(e) according to the static phase noise data of crystal oscillator in radar frequency synthesizer, by linear interpolation side
Method obtains the static phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；
F () is according to oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of described crystal oscillator, acceleration of vibration sensitivity Γ, vibration peak
Value acceleration A, without crystal oscillator frequency f during acceleration0, calculate modulation index β=(Γ A) f0/ f, wherein f is
Frequency of vibration, in modulation index β, < when 0.1, the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal is calculated by following formula
Obtain:
L (f)=(| Γ | f0)2H(f)/(2f2)
Wherein, H (f) frequency coverage is 0～fmax, as f ＞ fmaxTime, L (f) is equal to step (e)
In crystal oscillator output signal static phase noise spectrum；
Dynamic Phase noise spectrum T (f) of (g) calculating radar emission signal:
T (f)=L (f)+20log (fc/f0)
Wherein, fcFor radar transmitter frequency, f0For without crystal oscillator frequency during acceleration, L (f) is step (f)
Obtain the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of crystal oscillator output signal；
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of (h) calculating radar leakage signal:
X (f)=P (f)/D T (f),
Wherein D is radar isolation, and P (f) is the merit of radar emission signal under the conditions of not considering phase noise
Rate is composed, and T (f) is the Dynamic Phase noise spectrum of step (g) calculated radar emission signal；
Dynamic power spectra X (f) of i radar leakage signal that described step (h) is obtained by (), corresponding frequency
Rate is to left fc, obtain the base band Dynamic power spectra X of radar leakage signal0(f), described X0F () is through opening
Side's computing obtains the dynamic amplitude spectrum of radar base band leakage signal, and carries out inverse Fourier transform, obtains base band
Dynamic leakage signal d (t)；
(4) base band that base band echo useful signal s (t) step (2) obtained and step (3) obtain is moved
State leakage signal d (t) is added, and obtains base band echo-signal r (t)=s (t)+d (t) that radar antenna receives.
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: Dynamic power spectra X (f) of the radar leakage signal calculated in step (3) can be adopted
Replacing by the data of instrument actual measurement, concrete method of testing is as follows:
(1), in the open in test environment, radar system is installed on a vibration table, described outdoor survey
Test ring border does not has shelter, and nothing in radar system operating frequency range in radar antenna beam area
Other disturb signal；
(2) output signal end at radar receiving antenna connects spectrum analyzer；
(3) reception sensor is installed on radar frequency synthesizer, vibration table is applied excitation, it is ensured that
The oscillation power spectrum of described sensor and oscillation power spectrum density H (f) of the crystal oscillator of radar frequency synthesizer
Cause；
(4) under described vibration condition, radar system normally works, and spectrum analyzer acquisition radar connects
Receiving antenna and receive the power spectrum of signal, described power spectrum is the Dynamic power spectra of radar leakage signal
X(f)。
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar the most according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by: in step (1), radar antenna beam angle φ determines by the following method: radar antenna wave beam
Angle corresponding to gain maximum is φ0, radar antenna beam gain is at angle φ0Both sides second time drops to zero,
Corresponding angle is respectively φ1、φ2, φ1<φ2, radar antenna beam angle φ=φ2-φ1。
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: backscattering coefficient σ in unit are in step (1)0, utilize Kirchhoff approximation method
It is calculated from dielectric constant.
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: step (3) parallel lines divide the irradiation that radar antenna is formed about in ground target
During regional extent, spacing d1 of parallel lines, d2 are not less than radar emission signal wavelength lambda.
A kind of simulated radar echo method for continuous wave radar the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: step (2) calculates through junior unit i, during the base band useful signal of reflection, according to thunder
The method dividing junior unit in reaching antenna range of exposures near ground target, junior unit i is approximately limit
The long rectangle being respectively d1, d2, the area A of described rectanglei=d1*d2, radar center is several to junior unit i
The distance at what centerWherein (x, y are z) in radar antenna
Heart geometric coordinate, (xi,yi,zi) it is the Geometric center coordinates of junior unit i, wherein i=1,2 ..., MN.
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