CN111608631A - Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal seam and application method - Google Patents

Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal seam and application method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111608631A
CN111608631A CN202010597084.7A CN202010597084A CN111608631A CN 111608631 A CN111608631 A CN 111608631A CN 202010597084 A CN202010597084 A CN 202010597084A CN 111608631 A CN111608631 A CN 111608631A
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carbon dioxide
supercritical
liquid carbon
pressure
drill hole
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王海东
陈学习
程志恒
杨涛
秦洪岩
李雪冰
张凤岩
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North China Institute of Science and Technology
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North China Institute of Science and Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/14Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

A device for fracturing coal seams based on electric pulse excitation supercritical CO2 and an application method thereof are provided, which comprises a coal mine underground supercritical CO2 fracturing coal seam2A generator and a high-voltage electric pulse generator. Coal mine underground supercritical CO2The liquid carbon dioxide tank car and the air compressor of the generating device are respectively connected with the liquid carbon dioxide filling device through pipelines. The filling head of the high-voltage electric pulse generating device is connected with the rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder body through threads, the front end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder body penetrates through the central hole of the hydraulic packer, and the electrode is arranged in the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder body. The high-voltage electric pulse instrument penetrates through the filling head through a lead and is connected with the electrode; the filling head is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device through a pipeline. The invention releases high voltage electricity after storing electricity through the capacitorThe pulse-excited liquid carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state, has higher pressure than hydraulic fracturing, and has better fracturing permeability-increasing effect.

Description

Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal seam and application method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety, in particular to a device for fracturing a coal reservoir based on electric pulse excitation supercritical CO2 and an application method thereof.
Background
Coal and gas outburst mines account for 44% of the total number of gas mines in China, the proportion in national key coal mines is up to 72%, most of coal seams of the mines are low-permeability coal seams, and the permeability of the coal seams is generally 0.1 × 10-3~1.0×10-3mD, even in water cities, towns, hillocks, pions 28390, willows and other mining areas with good permeability are only 0.1-1.8 mD, and compared with the same buried deep coal seam abroad, the permeability is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower, and the characteristic naturally determines that the difficulty of carrying out gas safety control on the coal mine in China by adopting the traditional direct gas extraction method is very high. Among the numerous outburst prevention and control means, the protective layer mining is undoubtedly the most effective technical means for regional outburst prevention, for a single low-permeability coal seam without a protective layer, the permeability of the coal seam is improved by means of an artificial fracturing, pressure relief and permeability increase method, the hydraulic measures and blasting measures are mainly adopted, the hydraulic measures mainly adopt technical methods such as jet flow slotting, hydraulic fracturing and the like, and the blasting measures mainly comprise deep hole blasting and liquid CO2Gas explosion and cracking and the like.
The traditional hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing technology is a commonly used permeability-increasing technology at present, and the basic principle of the technology is that high-pressure water provided by a high-pressure water pump is injected into an unconventional natural gas reservoir to be extracted, a reservoir rock body is fractured under the action of water pressure to form a through fracture, then fracturing fluid mixed with quartz sand or other propping agents and gel is pressed into the reservoir fracture, and fine and hard propping agent particles in the fracturing fluid can continuously support the fracture after pressure relief, so that the permeability of the reservoir is improved. However, the technology has the advantages of low water pressure loading speed, long pressure rise time and low peak pressure, only a crack perpendicular to the direction of the minimum principal stress can be formed, the crack only expands along the primary weak surface and cannot generate a crack perpendicular to the layer surface, so that the cracks are not easy to be communicated with each other.
The liquid carbon dioxide gas explosion fracturing technology is the field application of the permeability-increasing technology for fracturing low-permeability coal seams by high-pressure gas, mainly liquid CO2The phase change gas explosion fracturing coal seam permeability increasing technology is mainly used, field tests are carried out on a plurality of high outburst mine low permeability coal seams in China, and good application effects are obtained. The technology is physical blasting, and the blasting process is intrinsically safe. However, in the application process, the technology has the defects of short action time of fracturing pressure, small influence radius, complex technical process, inconvenient field operation of equipment, explosion rejection due to the influence of equipment connection resistance and underground environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device for fracturing a coal bed by exciting supercritical CO2 based on electric pulses and an application method thereof, wherein the device can generate supercritical CO2The aim of permeability increasing is achieved by continuously fracturing the low-permeability coal body.
A device for fracturing coal seams based on electric pulse excitation of supercritical CO2 comprises a coal mine underground supercritical CO2A generator and a high-voltage electric pulse generator.
The coal mine underground supercritical CO2Generating device, including air compressor machine, liquid carbon dioxide tank wagon, liquid carbon dioxide filling device, first solenoid valve and second solenoid valve, its main points are the liquid outlet facial make-up of liquid carbon dioxide tank wagon be equipped with first solenoid valve, the export of first solenoid valve is passed through the pipeline and is connected with liquid carbon dioxide filling device's inlet. The air outlet pipe of the air compressor is provided with a second electromagnetic valve, and the air outlet of the second electromagnetic valve is communicated withThe pipeline is connected with an air inlet of a filling head of the carbon dioxide filling device. The first electromagnetic valve is connected with a corresponding interface of the electric cabinet through a lead.
The high-voltage electric pulse generating device comprises a high-voltage electric pulse instrument, a pressure gauge, an electrode, a filling head, a supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder, a hydraulic packer and a high-pressure water pump, wherein the pressure gauge is arranged on the outer wall of the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder. The rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body is provided with internal threads, the filling head is connected to the rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body through threads, and the front end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body penetrates through a central hole of the hydraulic packer and is fixedly connected with the hydraulic packer. The electrode is arranged in the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder, and the rear end of the electrode is fixedly connected with the filling head. The outer diameter of the hydraulic packer is the same as the inner diameter of a drill hole on the coal seam working surface. The water outlet of the high-pressure water pump is connected with the water inlet on the hydraulic packer through a pipeline, the pressure gauge of the hole packer is arranged on the pipeline of the water outlet of the high-pressure water pump, and the high-pressure water pump is provided with a high-pressure water pump switch. The high-voltage electric pulse instrument is controlled by an electric cabinet of the pulse instrument, and the high-voltage electric pulse generator penetrates through the filling head through a lead to be connected with the electrode. And a filling port of the filling head is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device through a pipeline.
The invention discloses an application method of a device for fracturing a coal bed based on electric pulse excitation supercritical CO2, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme, wherein the implementation of the measuring method sequentially comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a drill hole with the length of 50-100 m on a coal mine excavation working face through a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the drill hole is as far as 113; inserting the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder and a hydraulic packer into a drill hole, wherein the outer diameter of the hydraulic packer is the same as the inner diameter of the drill hole on the coal seam working surface;
step two: opening a high-pressure water pump switch, injecting high-pressure water into the hydraulic packer through the high-pressure water pump, and stopping injecting water when the pressure gauge displays that the pressure is 20MPa, so as to complete hole sealing of the drilled hole; after hole sealing, injecting liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid carbon dioxide tank car into the drill hole through an air compressor and a liquid carbon dioxide injection device, wherein the injection pressure is 8-10MPa at normal temperature, and the injection is stopped until the drill hole is full and the pressure gauge shows that the numerical value is 8-10 MPa;
step three: after 380V-50 HZ alternating current is input to store energy for a high-voltage electric pulse instrument, the electric cabinet of the pulse instrument controls the discharge of electrodes, the voltage of the electrodes can reach 10 KV-50 KV, the power is 10 KW-30 KW, and the single pulse energy is 25 KJ-100 KJ; capacitance value of 200 muF-1000 mu m F; heating liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole through pulse discharge of the electrode, wherein supercritical carbon dioxide medium is generated after the liquid carbon dioxide is heated instantly, the pressure of the medium can reach more than 70-150 MPa, and the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide acts on the wall of the drill hole to generate cracks;
step four: and (5) storing energy again by the high-voltage electric pulse instrument, repeating the step three until the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole is reduced to below 7MPa, and stopping fracturing.
The invention overcomes the defects of the gas explosion fracturing technology of the liquid carbon dioxide, releases high-voltage electric pulses to excite the liquid carbon dioxide to be in a supercritical state after the electric power is stored by the capacitor, has controllable discharge energy, can continuously fracture coal bodies after the electric power is stored, has higher pressure than hydraulic fracturing, and has better fracturing and permeability-increasing effects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal reservoirs, including supercritical CO in coal mines2A generator and a high-voltage electric pulse generator.
The coal mine underground supercritical CO2Generating device, including air compressor machine 1, liquid carbon dioxide tank wagon 2, liquid carbon dioxide filling device 3, first solenoid valve 4 and second solenoid valve 5, its main points are liquid carbon dioxide tank wagon 2's liquid outlet facial make-up be equipped with first solenoid valve 4, first solenoid valve 4's export is passed through the pipeline and is connected with liquid carbon dioxide filling device 3's inlet. The air outlet pipe of the air compressor 1 is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 5, and the air outlet of the second electromagnetic valve 5 is communicated with the liquid dioxygen through a pipelineThe gas inlet of the carbon filling device 3 is connected. The first electromagnetic valve 4 is connected with a corresponding interface of the electric cabinet 17 through a lead.
The high-voltage electric pulse generating device comprises a high-voltage electric pulse instrument 6, a pressure gauge 7, an electrode 8, a filling head 9, a supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder 10, a hydraulic packer 11 and a high-pressure water pump 12, wherein the pressure gauge 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder 10. The rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body 10 is provided with internal threads, the filling head 9 is connected to the rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body 10 through threads, and the front end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body 10 penetrates through a central hole of the hydraulic packer 11 and is fixedly connected with the hydraulic packer 11. The electrode 8 is arranged in the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder 10, and the rear end of the electrode is fixedly connected with the filling head 9. The outer diameter of the hydraulic packer 11 is the same as the inner diameter of a drill hole 13 on the coal seam working surface. The water outlet of the high-pressure water pump 12 is connected with the water inlet of the hydraulic packer 11 through a pipeline, a hole packer pressure gauge 14 is arranged on the pipeline of the water outlet of the high-pressure water pump 12, and a high-pressure water pump switch 15 is arranged on the high-pressure water pump 12. The high-voltage electric pulse instrument 6 is controlled by an electric control box 16 of the pulse instrument, and the high-voltage electric pulse instrument 6 penetrates through the filling head 9 through a lead to be connected with the electrode 8. And a filling port of the filling head 9 is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device 3 through a pipeline.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the excitation of supercritical CO by electric pulse2The implementation of the determination method of the permeability increasing method of the fractured coal reservoir sequentially comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a drill hole 13 with the length of 50-100 m on a coal mine excavation working face through a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the drill hole 13 is the middle shaft 113; inserting the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder 10 and the hydraulic packer 11 into the drill hole 13, wherein the outer diameter of the hydraulic packer 11 is the same as the inner diameter of the drill hole 13 on the coal seam working surface;
step two: opening a high-pressure water pump switch 15, injecting high-pressure water into the hydraulic packer 11 through a high-pressure water pump 12, and stopping injecting water when a pressure gauge 14 of a hole packer displays that the pressure is 20MPa, so that hole sealing of the drill hole 13 is completed; after hole sealing, injecting liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid carbon dioxide tank car 2 into the drill hole 13 through the filling head 9 by using the air compressor 1 and the liquid carbon dioxide filling device 3, wherein the injection pressure is 8-10MPa at normal temperature, and the filling is stopped until the drill hole 13 is filled and the pressure gauge 7 shows that the numerical value is 8-10 MPa;
step three: after 380V-50 HZ alternating current is input to store energy for the high-voltage electric pulse instrument 6, the electric control box 16 of the pulse instrument controls the electrode 8 to discharge, the voltage of the electrode 8 can reach 10 KV-50 KV, the power is 10 KW-30 KW, and the single pulse energy is 25 KJ-100 KJ; capacitance value of 200 muF-1000 mu m F; liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole 13 is heated through pulse discharge of the electrode 8, the liquid carbon dioxide is heated instantly to generate a supercritical carbon dioxide medium, the pressure of the medium can reach more than 70-150 MPa, and the high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide acts on the wall of the drill hole 13 to generate cracks;
step four: and (5) storing energy again by the high-voltage electric pulse instrument 6, repeating the step three until the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole 13 is reduced to below 7MPa, and stopping fracturing.

Claims (2)

1. Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal reservoirs, including supercritical CO in coal mines2The generating device and the high-voltage electric pulse generating device are characterized in that the coal mine underground supercritical CO is adopted2The generating device comprises an air compressor (1), a liquid carbon dioxide tank car (2), a liquid carbon dioxide filling device (3), a first electromagnetic valve (4) and a second electromagnetic valve (5), wherein the first electromagnetic valve (4) is arranged on a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide tank car (2), and an outlet of the first electromagnetic valve (4) is connected with a liquid inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device (3) through a pipeline; a second electromagnetic valve (5) is arranged on an air outlet pipe of the air compressor (1), and an air outlet of the second electromagnetic valve (5) is connected with an air inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device (3) through a pipeline; the first electromagnetic valve (4) is connected with a corresponding interface of the electric cabinet (17);
the high-voltage electric pulse generating device comprises a high-voltage electric pulse instrument (6), a pressure gauge (7), an electrode (8), a filling head (9), a supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder (10), a hydraulic packer (11) and a high-pressure water pump (12), wherein the pressure gauge (7) is arranged on the outer wall of the supercritical carbon dioxide generating cylinder (10); the rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body (10) is provided with internal threads, the filling head (9) is connected to the rear end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body (10) through threads, and the front end of the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body (10) penetrates through a central hole of the hydraulic packer (11) and is fixedly connected with the hydraulic packer (11); the electrode (8) is arranged in the supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder body (10), and the rear end of the electrode is fixedly connected with the filling head (9); the outer diameter of the hydraulic packer (11) is the same as the inner diameter of a drill hole (13) on the coal seam working surface; the water outlet of the high-pressure water pump (12) is connected with the water inlet of the hydraulic packer (11) through a pipeline, a hole packer pressure gauge (14) is arranged on the pipeline of the water outlet of the high-pressure water pump (12), and a high-pressure water pump switch (15) is arranged on the high-pressure water pump (12); the high-voltage electric pulse instrument (6) is controlled by an electric cabinet (16) of the pulse instrument, and the high-voltage electric pulse instrument (6) penetrates through the filling head (9) through a lead to be connected with the electrode (8); and a filling port of the filling head (9) is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide filling device (3) through a pipeline.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the supercritical CO is excited based on electric pulses2A device for fracturing a coal reservoir, characterized in that the implementation of the determination method comprises the following steps in sequence:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a drill hole (13) with the length of 50-100 m on a coal mine excavation working face through a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the drill hole (13) is the length of the drill hole (113); inserting a supercritical carbon dioxide generation cylinder (10) and a hydraulic packer (11) into a drill hole (13), wherein the outer diameter of the hydraulic packer (11) is the same as the inner diameter of the drill hole (13) on the coal seam working surface;
step two: opening a high-pressure water pump switch (15), injecting high-pressure water into the hydraulic packer (11) through a high-pressure water pump (12), and stopping injecting water when a hole packer pressure gauge (14) displays that the pressure is 20MPa, so as to complete hole sealing of the drill hole (13); after hole sealing, injecting liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid carbon dioxide tank car (2) into the drill hole (13) through the filling head (9) by using the air compressor (1) and the liquid carbon dioxide filling device (3), wherein the injection pressure is 8-10MPa at normal temperature, and the filling is stopped until the drill hole (13) is filled and the pressure gauge (7) displays that the numerical value is 8-10 MPa;
step three: after 380V-50 HZ alternating current is input to store energy for a high-voltage electric pulse instrument (6), an electric cabinet (16) of the pulse instrument controls an electrode (8) to discharge, the voltage of the electrode (8) can reach 10 KV-50 KV, the power is 10 KW-30 KW, and the single pulse energy is 25 KJ-100 KJ; capacitance value of 200 muF-1000 mu m F; liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole (13) is heated through pulse discharge of the electrode (8), supercritical carbon dioxide medium is generated after the liquid carbon dioxide is heated instantly, the pressure of the medium can reach more than 70-150 MPa, and cracks are generated on the wall of the drill hole (13) under the action of high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide;
step four: and (4) storing energy again by the high-voltage electric pulse instrument (6), repeating the step three until the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the drill hole (13) is reduced to below 7MPa, and stopping fracturing.
CN202010597084.7A 2020-06-28 2020-06-28 Supercritical CO excitation based on electric pulse2Device for fracturing coal seam and application method Pending CN111608631A (en)

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CN113092271A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-09 中国矿业大学 Supercritical fluid generation device, coal rock mechanical test system and test method
CN113216837A (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-08-06 河海大学 Supercritical fluid drilling and blasting integrated double-arm rock drilling trolley and control method thereof
CN113266352A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-08-17 中北大学 Coal bed dynamic fracturing method and fracturing device based on high-power electric pulse
CN114635677A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-06-17 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) Based on supercritical CO2In-situ gasification fracturing coal seam permeability increasing device and technical method
CN118311235A (en) * 2024-06-07 2024-07-09 克拉玛依市白碱滩区(克拉玛依高新区)石油工程现场(中试)实验室 Experimental device and experimental method for carbon dioxide continuous phase-change explosion fracturing

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CN113092271A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-07-09 中国矿业大学 Supercritical fluid generation device, coal rock mechanical test system and test method
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CN113216837A (en) * 2021-05-17 2021-08-06 河海大学 Supercritical fluid drilling and blasting integrated double-arm rock drilling trolley and control method thereof
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CN114635677A (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-06-17 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) Based on supercritical CO2In-situ gasification fracturing coal seam permeability increasing device and technical method
CN118311235A (en) * 2024-06-07 2024-07-09 克拉玛依市白碱滩区(克拉玛依高新区)石油工程现场(中试)实验室 Experimental device and experimental method for carbon dioxide continuous phase-change explosion fracturing
CN118311235B (en) * 2024-06-07 2024-09-10 克拉玛依市白碱滩区(克拉玛依高新区)石油工程现场(中试)实验室 Experimental device and experimental method for carbon dioxide continuous phase-change explosion fracturing

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Application publication date: 20200901