US20160069170A1 - Method and process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting in oil shale in-situ vertical well - Google Patents
Method and process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting in oil shale in-situ vertical well Download PDFInfo
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- US20160069170A1 US20160069170A1 US14/787,732 US201414787732A US2016069170A1 US 20160069170 A1 US20160069170 A1 US 20160069170A1 US 201414787732 A US201414787732 A US 201414787732A US 2016069170 A1 US2016069170 A1 US 2016069170A1
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
- E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
Definitions
- the present invention discloses a method and a process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well, in which shale oil is extracted in in-situ underground oil shale and is served as unconventional oil and gas energy for making up shortage of petroleum resources, and which belong to a technical field of retorting of petroleum.
- shale oil artificial petroleum
- shale oil refining has good economic benefits and is a most realistic available measure to make up shortage of naturally occurring petroleum.
- Electricity generation by oil shale has good economic, environmental and social benefits to these provinces and districts which encounter shortage of coals.
- production and development of shale oil always adopts conventional method of underground exploitation and on-ground retorting, which encounters lots of shortcomings
- the present invention discloses a method and a process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well, which fundamentally solve the above mentioned shortcomings and problems caused by underground exploitation and on-ground retorting.
- the method comprises:
- a process for implementing the mentioned method of extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well according to the present invention comprising the following steps of:
- the highly pressurized medium is selected from air, water or mortar.
- the oxidant is selected from air or oxygen-enriched gas.
- the hydraulic casing nozzle mainly comprises an upper centralizer, an ejection gun, a check valve, a lower centralizer, a screen pipe and a guide shoe, wherein a surface of the ejection gun is provided with an ejection nozzle, the ejection nozzle has one end communicated with the casing by a nipple and the other end communicated with the screen pipe by the check valve, an outside of the nipple is cased with the upper centralizer, pipe wall of the screen pipe is uniformly distributed with several screen meshes, the lower centralizer is cased over the screen pipe, and, the guide shoe is secured to a top of the screen pipe.
- the present invention has the following positive effects.
- the shale oil is extracted in in-situ underground oil shale by a chemical heat treatment process of fracturing and chemical retorting the shale oil and gas, which avoids bulk exploitation of oil shale mine and averts environmental pollution brought by on-ground retorting.
- underground continuous retorting is achieved by utilizing a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, accordingly, the heat is self-sufficient.
- the chemical heat treatment process is neither a single physical heating process nor an underground spontaneous combustion process, pores in the rock are gradually increased during the course of reaction, and, it is suitable for most oil shale strata.
- the present invention has advantages of small investments, low operating costs, small environmental pollutions, high resource utilization rate, and fast yields of oil and gas, etc.
- FIG. 1 is a principle diagram of a method for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of distribution of vertical wells according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a structural principle diagram of a hydraulic casing nozzle according to the present invention.
- Fuyu-Changchun Mountain Oil Shale Mine in which a total reserves is of 45.274 billion tons, is taken as an implementation base.
- the oil shale has an average grade of 5.53%, an industrially developable resources total amount of 18 billions, an embedded depth of 160-800 meters with top and bottom strata of mousey shale, and an average thickness of 5 meters.
- a fractured burning well 1 (a head of which has a diameter of 200 mm) and six export production wells 2 (a head of each of which has a diameter of 200 mm) are drilled from a underground rock stratum 7 to a underground oil shale stratum 6 (which is distanced from the ground at 380 meters).
- the six export production wells 2 are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well 1 as a center.
- the fractured burning well and the export production wells are drilled from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein a drilling depth of the fractured burning well should not penetrate through the oil shale stratum, the export production wells should penetrate through the oil shale stratum, and, the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center.
- the oil shale has an average grade of 5%, an embedded depth of 160-800 meters with top and bottom strata of mousey shale, and an average thickness of 6 meters.
- a fractured burning well 1 (a head of which has a diameter of 200 mm) and six export production wells 2 (a head of each of which has a diameter of 200 mm) are drilled from a underground rock stratum 7 to a underground oil shale stratum 6 (which is distanced from the ground at 380 meters).
- the six export production wells 2 are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well 1 as a center.
- the fractured burning well and the export production wells are drilled from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein a drilling depth of the fractured burning well should not penetrate through the oil shale stratum, the export production wells should penetrate through the oil shale stratum, and, the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center.
- a hydraulic casing nozzle involved in embodiments 1 and 2 , it mainly comprises an upper centralizer 16 , an ejection gun 17 , a check valve 19 , a lower centralizer 20 , a screen pipe 22 , a guide shoe 23 , a casing 23 and a nipple 24 , wherein a surface of the ejection gun 17 is provided with an ejection nozzle 18 , the ejection nozzle 17 has one end communicated with the casing 23 by a nipple 24 and the other end communicated with the screen pipe 21 by the check valve 19 , an outside of the nipple 24 is cased with the upper centralizer 16 , pipe wall of the screen pipe 21 is uniformly distributed with several screen meshes, the lower centralizer 20 is cased over the screen pipe 21 , and, the guide shoe 22 is secured to a top of the screen pipe 21 .
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Technical Field
- The present invention discloses a method and a process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well, in which shale oil is extracted in in-situ underground oil shale and is served as unconventional oil and gas energy for making up shortage of petroleum resources, and which belong to a technical field of retorting of petroleum.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- At present, shale oil (artificial petroleum), which is used to substitute for naturally occurring petroleum, may be refined from shale oil by virtue of retorting technology, and is also used for electricity generation by utilizing combustion thereof. Under the current situation that price of the oil keeps high, shale oil refining has good economic benefits and is a most realistic available measure to make up shortage of naturally occurring petroleum. Electricity generation by oil shale has good economic, environmental and social benefits to these provinces and districts which encounter shortage of coals. However, production and development of shale oil always adopts conventional method of underground exploitation and on-ground retorting, which encounters lots of shortcomings
-
- 1). The on-ground retorting has large excavation cost.
- 2). The on-ground retorting needs large land-use footprint.
- 3). The on-ground retorting leads to a great deal of landslide in exploration area.
- 4). The tailings resulted from the on-ground retorting are difficult to be treated, and its bulk accumulation causes secondary pollution.
- 5). The tailings resulted from the on-ground retorting carry away lots of heat so that heat from the tailings is unavailable, which results in energy waste.
- 6). Waste gas and sewage obtained from the on-ground retorting causes excessive pollution of the environment.
- The present invention discloses a method and a process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well, which fundamentally solve the above mentioned shortcomings and problems caused by underground exploitation and on-ground retorting.
- The following is a technical solution of a method for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well disclosed in the present invention.
- The method comprises:
-
- drilling, depending on the situation of an oil shale stratum, a fractured burning well and several export production wells from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center; establishing a fracturing chamber within the fractured burning well, to pressurizedly fracture out the oil shale stratum; injecting a highly pressurized medium for the oil shale stratum (air, water and quartz sand) into the fractured burning well, and fracturing out several cracks of 1 to 3 mm in the oil shale stratum, the cracks being filled with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages; establishing a burning chamber within the fractured burning well, injecting a combustible gas and a combustion-supporting gas into the burning chamber, and, igniting the combustible gas so that the combustible gas is burning at a bottom of the burning chamber (to ignite combustible matter in the oil shale), to heat the oil shale stratum up to 550-600° C., to achieve heating and retorting of the oil shale so that the shale oil and gas are driven and extracted; exporting the shale oil and gas to the ground through the oil gas passage and the export production wells; introducing, in the oil shale stratum, an oxidant through the vertical well, to oxidize a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, where the heat generated is used as a heat source for subsequent retorting, thereby achieving extraction of the shale oil and gas by underground in-situ continuous retorting of the oil shale; separating the exported shale oil and gas by a ground gas-liquid separator, and delivering the separated shale oil to a product tank for storage and sale; and, delivering combustible gas to a gas power package for power generation.
- A process for implementing the mentioned method of extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well according to the present invention is disclosed. The process comprising the following steps of:
-
- 1). depending on distribution and strike of an oil shale stratum, selecting specific locations of a fractured burning well and export production wells, drilling a fractured burning well and several export production wells from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein a drilling depth of the fractured burning well should not penetrate through the oil shale stratum, the export production wells should penetrate through the oil shale stratum, and, the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center;
- 2). establishing a fracturing chamber within the fractured burning well, taking out a well casing, injecting a highly pressurized medium in to the oil shale stratum through the fractured burning well, pressurizedly fracturing out several cracks of 1 to 3 mm in the oil shale stratum, and filling the cracks with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages; wherein the step 2) further comprises:
- i). drifting and flushing the well;
- ii). running a hydraulic casing nozzle into a wellbore;
- iii). closing the casing and shale wall gaps to form a closed fracturing space;
- iv). implementing a hydraulic jet perforation, by the hydraulic casing nozzle, on the oil shale stratum, wherein a mortar containing base fluid (water) and sand-laden fluid at 20-35% is pumped at a cutting stage, and, when the sand-laden fluid is distanced from the nozzle at about 25 meters, pump speed is sharply increased to ensure that a sufficient pressure different (55-80 MPa) which is required to implement the hydraulic jet perforation is obtained;
- v). replacing fracture rocks from the perforation, after 2-3 minutes of operation of the hydraulic jet perforation;
- vi). pumping crosslinked carbamidine gel and sand (at a rate of 20-30: 40-60), to enhance an expansion strength;
- vii). discharging fluid after fracturing, and flushing the sand to support the cracks;
- viii). injecting a fluid temporary plugging agent into the wellbore;
- vi). lifting up a drilling tool to a designed position, to fracture a next stratum, and repeating the steps iii). to vi).;
- 3). establishing a burning chamber within the fractured burning well; wherein the step 3) further comprises:
- i). flushing the well, to bring the sand-contained water within the fractured burning well onto the ground;
- ii). equipping a sealing casing onto a head of the fractured burning well and running the sealing casing till 0.5 meter under the oil shale stratum, and, closing the casing and the shale wall gaps by means of an expansion agent;
- iii). Equipping combustible gas and air introducing pipes and an electronic ignition system within the fractured burning well, and, closing the head, to form a burning chamber in a segment of the oil shale stratum;
- iv). delivering LPG and air into the burning chamber via a combustible gas delivery pipe, and, igniting the combustible gas by the electronic ignition system;
- v). heating the oil shale stratum to 550-600° C. after igniting the oil shale, stopping supply of the combustible gas when it is measured that temperature of the gas from the production well reaches 200° C. and, driving and extracting some of the shale oil and gas to a ground gas-liquid separator via oil gas passages and the export production wells;
- 4). continuing to inject highly pressurized air into the well, to oxidize a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, under high temperature, so as to generate fresh combustible gas while driving and extracting the shale oil and gas to the ground via the oil gas passages and the export production well;
- 5). separating the exported shale oil and gas by the ground gas-liquid separator, and delivering the separated shale oil to a product tank for storage; and,
- 6). delivering the separated combustible gas, via the gas-liquid separator, to a gas power package for power generation.
- There are six export production wells distributed in a honeycombed manner.
- The highly pressurized medium is selected from air, water or mortar.
- The oxidant is selected from air or oxygen-enriched gas.
- The hydraulic casing nozzle mainly comprises an upper centralizer, an ejection gun, a check valve, a lower centralizer, a screen pipe and a guide shoe, wherein a surface of the ejection gun is provided with an ejection nozzle, the ejection nozzle has one end communicated with the casing by a nipple and the other end communicated with the screen pipe by the check valve, an outside of the nipple is cased with the upper centralizer, pipe wall of the screen pipe is uniformly distributed with several screen meshes, the lower centralizer is cased over the screen pipe, and, the guide shoe is secured to a top of the screen pipe.
- The present invention has the following positive effects.
- The shale oil is extracted in in-situ underground oil shale by a chemical heat treatment process of fracturing and chemical retorting the shale oil and gas, which avoids bulk exploitation of oil shale mine and averts environmental pollution brought by on-ground retorting. Secondly, underground continuous retorting is achieved by utilizing a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, accordingly, the heat is self-sufficient. Thirdly, the chemical heat treatment process is neither a single physical heating process nor an underground spontaneous combustion process, pores in the rock are gradually increased during the course of reaction, and, it is suitable for most oil shale strata. The present invention has advantages of small investments, low operating costs, small environmental pollutions, high resource utilization rate, and fast yields of oil and gas, etc..
-
FIG. 1 is a principle diagram of a method for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting oil shale in in-situ vertical well according to the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of distribution of vertical wells according to the present invention; and -
FIG. 3 is a structural principle diagram of a hydraulic casing nozzle according to the present invention; - in which:
- 1. fractured burning well, 2. export production well, 3. gas-liquid separator, 4. product tank, 5. gas power package, 6. oil shale stratum, 7. other stratum, 8. oil gas passage, 9. material conveyor, 10. discharge and transport machine, 11. oil pump, 12. crack, 13. fracturing fluid tank, 14. LPG storage tank, 15. oxidant tank, 16. upper centralizer, 17. ejection gun, 18. ejection nozzle, 19. check valve, 20. lower centralizer, 21. screen pipe, 22. guide shoe, 23. casing, and, 24. nipple.
- In order to provide a much clearer understanding of essences and characteristics of the present invention, implementation and positive effects of the present invention will be described hereinafter in detail in conjunction with these embodiments. It should be understood that the below description is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
- Fuyu-Changchun Mountain Oil Shale Mine, in which a total reserves is of 45.274 billion tons, is taken as an implementation base. The oil shale has an average grade of 5.53%, an industrially developable resources total amount of 18 billions, an embedded depth of 160-800 meters with top and bottom strata of mousey shale, and an average thickness of 5 meters.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , depending on distribution and strike of an oil shale stratum, specific locations of a fractured burning well and export production wells are selected, a fractured burning well 1 (a head of which has a diameter of 200 mm) and six export production wells 2 (a head of each of which has a diameter of 200 mm) are drilled from a underground rock stratum 7 to a underground oil shale stratum 6 (which is distanced from the ground at 380 meters). As shown inFIG. 2 , the sixexport production wells 2 are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well 1 as a center. The fractured burning well and the export production wells are drilled from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein a drilling depth of the fractured burning well should not penetrate through the oil shale stratum, the export production wells should penetrate through the oil shale stratum, and, the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center. -
- 2). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well, a well casing is taken out, a highly pressurized medium is injected into the oil shale stratum through the fractured burning well, several cracks of 1 to 3 mm are pressurizedly fractured out in the oil shale stratum, and the cracks are filled with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages. The step 2) further comprises:
- i). drifting and flushing the well;
- ii). running a hydraulic casing nozzle into a wellbore;
- iii). closing the casing and shale wall gaps to allow the oil shale stratum to form a closed fracturing space;
- iv). implementing a hydraulic jet perforation, by the hydraulic casing nozzle, on the
oil shale stratum 6, wherein a mortar containing base fluid (water) and sand-laden fluid (at 20-35%) is injected from the fracturingfluid tank 13 into theoil shale stratum 6 by a material conveyor 9 (at a cutting stage), and, when the sand-laden fluid is distanced from the nozzle at about 25 meters, pump speed is sharply increased to ensure that a sufficient pressure different (55-80 MPa) which is required to implement the hydraulic jet perforation is obtained to fracture theoil shale stratum 6 to generatecracks 12 of 1-3 mm; - v). replacing fracture rocks from the perforation, after 2-3 minutes of operation of the hydraulic jet perforation;
- vi). pumping carbamidine gel base fluid by an annular bore, in accordance with a design annular bore discharge capacity or at a maximum pump speed allowed by an maximum pressure of annular bore, and, pumping crosslinked gel and sand, in accordance with a design of an oil pipe, (to enhance an expansion strength);
- vii). discharging fluid after fracturing, wherein the quartz sand is remained to support the cracks, forming a plurality of
oil gas passages 8, the plurality ofoil gas passages 8 being converged and communicated with the export production well 2; - viii). injecting a fluid temporary plugging agent into the wellbore;
- iv). lifting up a drilling tool to a designed position, to fracture a next stratum, and repeating the steps iii). to vi).
- 3). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well. The step 3) further comprises:
- a first step of, flushing the well, to bring the sand-contained water out of the well onto the ground;
- a second step of, equipping a sealing casing onto a head of the fractured burning well and running the sealing casing till 0.5 meter under the oil shale stratum, and, closing the casing and the shale wall gaps by means of an expansion agent;
- a third step of, equipping combustible gas and air introducing pipes and an electronic ignition system within the fractured burning well, and, closing the head, to form a burning chamber in a segment of the oil shale stratum;
- a fourth step of, delivering LPG and air from a
LPG storage tank 14 and anoxidant tank 15 respectively through the fractured burning well 1 into theoil shale stratum 6 by amaterial conveyor 9, and, igniting the combustible gas by the electronic ignition system; - a sixth step of, heating the
oil shale stratum 6 to 550-600° C. after igniting the oil shale, stopping supply of the combustible gas when it is measured that temperature of the gas from theproduction well 2 reaches 200° C. and, driving and extracting some of the shale oil and gas to a ground gas-liquid separator 3 viaoil gas passages 8 and theexport production wells 2; - introducing an oxidant into the
oil shale stratum 6 to oxidize a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, where the heat generated is used as a heat source for subsequent retorting the subsequent oil shale progressively, wherein the generated shale oil and gas are passed through;
- 4). continuing to inject highly pressurized air (the air: 1000 m3 per hour) from the
oxidant tank 15 into the fractured burning well 1 by amaterial conveyor 9, to oxidize asphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in theoil shale 6 after being retorted, under high temperature, so as to generate fresh combustible gas (while driving the shale oil and gas) to the gas-liquid separator 3 via theoil gas passages 8 and the export production well 2, so that the underground in-situ extraction of the shale oil and gas is achieved; - 5). separating the exported shale oil and gas by the ground gas-
liquid separator 3, and delivering the separated shale oil to a product tank 4 for storage and sale, by an oil pump; and, - 6). delivering the separated combustible gas, via the gas-
liquid separator 3, to agas power package 5 for power generation, by a discharge andtransport machine 10.
- 2). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well, a well casing is taken out, a highly pressurized medium is injected into the oil shale stratum through the fractured burning well, several cracks of 1 to 3 mm are pressurizedly fractured out in the oil shale stratum, and the cracks are filled with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages. The step 2) further comprises:
- Qiangguo Oil Shale Mine, in which a total mining area is of 675.5 km2, the total resources is of 6.172 billion tons and the exploitable total resources is of 4.94 billion tons, is taken as an implementation base. The oil shale has an average grade of 5%, an embedded depth of 160-800 meters with top and bottom strata of mousey shale, and an average thickness of 6 meters.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , depending on distribution and strike of an oil shale stratum, specific locations of a fractured burning well 1 andexport production wells 2 are selected, a fractured burning well 1 (a head of which has a diameter of 200 mm) and six export production wells 2 (a head of each of which has a diameter of 200 mm) are drilled from a underground rock stratum 7 to a underground oil shale stratum 6 (which is distanced from the ground at 380 meters). As shown inFIG. 2 , the sixexport production wells 2 are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well 1 as a center. The fractured burning well and the export production wells are drilled from the ground to the underground oil shale stratum, wherein a drilling depth of the fractured burning well should not penetrate through the oil shale stratum, the export production wells should penetrate through the oil shale stratum, and, the export production wells are distributed in a honeycombed manner around the fractured burning well as a center. -
- 2). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well, a well casing is taken out, a highly pressurized medium is injected into the oil shale stratum through the fractured burning well, several cracks of 1 to 3 mm are pressurizedly fractured out in the oil shale stratum, and the cracks are filled with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages. The step 2) further comprises:
- i). drifting and flushing the well;
- ii). running a hydraulic casing nozzle into a wellbore;
- iii). closing the casing and shale wall gaps to allow the oil shale stratum to form a closed fracturing space;
- iv). implementing a hydraulic jet perforation, by the hydraulic casing nozzle, on the
oil shale stratum 6, wherein a mortar containing base fluid (water) and sand-laden fluid (at 20-35%) is injected from the fracturingfluid tank 13 into theoil shale stratum 6 by a material conveyor 9 (at a cutting stage), and, when the sand-laden fluid is distanced from the nozzle at about 25 meters, pump speed is sharply increased to ensure that a sufficient pressure different (55-80 MPa) which is required to implement the hydraulic jet perforation is obtained to fracture theoil shale stratum 6 to generatecracks 12 of 1-3 mm; - v). replacing fracture rocks from the perforation, after 2-3 minutes of operation of the hydraulic jet perforation;
- vi). pumping carbamidine gel base fluid by an annular bore, in accordance with a design annular bore discharge capacity or at a maximum pump speed allowed by an maximum pressure of annular bore, and, pumping crosslinked gel and sand, in accordance with a design of an oil pipe, (to enhance an expansion strength);
- vii). discharging fluid after fracturing, wherein the quartz sand is remained to support the cracks, forming a plurality of
oil gas passages 8, the plurality ofoil gas passages 8 being converged and communicated with the export production well 2; - viii). injecting a fluid temporary plugging agent into the wellbore;
- iv). lifting up a drilling tool to a designed position, to fracture a next stratum, and repeating the steps iii). to vi).
- 3). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well. The step 3) further comprises:
- a first step of, flushing the well, to bring the sand-contained water out of the well onto the ground;
- a second step of, equipping a sealing casing onto a head of the fractured burning well and running the sealing casing till 0.5 meter under the oil shale stratum, and, closing the casing and the shale wall gaps by means of an expansion agent;
- a third step of, equipping combustible gas and air introducing pipes and an electronic ignition system within the fractured burning well, and, closing the head, to form a burning chamber in a segment of the oil shale stratum;
- a fourth step of, delivering LPG and air from a
LPG storage tank 14 and anoxidant tank 15 through the fractured burning well 1 into theoil shale stratum 6 by amaterial conveyor 9, and, igniting the combustible gas by the electronic ignition system; - a sixth step of, heating the
oil shale stratum 6 to 550-600° C. after igniting the oil shale, stopping supply of the combustible gas when it is measured that temperature of the gas from theproduction well 2 reaches 200° C. and, driving and extracting some of the shale oil and gas to a ground gas-liquid separator 3 viaoil gas passages 8 and theexport production wells 2; - introducing an oxidant into the
oil shale stratum 6 to oxidize a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in the oil shale after being retorted, where the heat generated is used as a heat source for subsequent retorting the subsequent oil shale progressively, wherein the generated shale oil and gas are passed through;
- 4). continuing to inject highly pressurized air (the air: 1000 m3 per hour) from the
oxidant tank 15 into the fractured burning well 1 by amaterial conveyor 9, to oxidize a sphaltenes and fixed carbon remained in theoil shale 6 after being retorted, under high temperature, so as to generate fresh combustible gas (while driving the shale oil and gas) to the gas-liquid separator 3 via theoil gas passages 8 and the export production well 2, so that the underground in-situ extraction of the shale oil and gas is achieved;- separating the exported shale oil and gas by the ground gas-
liquid separator 3, and delivering the separated shale oil to a product tank 4 for storage and sale, by an oil pump; and, - delivering the separated combustible gas, via the gas-
liquid separator 3, to agas power package 5 for power generation, by a discharge andtransport machine 10.
- separating the exported shale oil and gas by the ground gas-
- 2). A fracturing chamber is established within the fractured burning well, a well casing is taken out, a highly pressurized medium is injected into the oil shale stratum through the fractured burning well, several cracks of 1 to 3 mm are pressurizedly fractured out in the oil shale stratum, and the cracks are filled with gap fillers (quartz sand), so as to establish oil gas passages. The step 2) further comprises:
- Referring to
FIG. 3 , there discloses a hydraulic casing nozzle involved inembodiments 1 and 2, it mainly comprises anupper centralizer 16, anejection gun 17, acheck valve 19, alower centralizer 20, a screen pipe 22, aguide shoe 23, acasing 23 and anipple 24, wherein a surface of theejection gun 17 is provided with anejection nozzle 18, theejection nozzle 17 has one end communicated with thecasing 23 by anipple 24 and the other end communicated with thescreen pipe 21 by thecheck valve 19, an outside of thenipple 24 is cased with theupper centralizer 16, pipe wall of thescreen pipe 21 is uniformly distributed with several screen meshes, thelower centralizer 20 is cased over thescreen pipe 21, and, the guide shoe 22 is secured to a top of thescreen pipe 21.
Claims (14)
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CN201310152533.7A CN103232852B (en) | 2013-04-28 | 2013-04-28 | Method and process for extracting shale oil and gas by in-situ shaft fracturing chemical distillation of oil shale |
CN201310152533.7 | 2013-04-28 | ||
PCT/CN2014/000459 WO2014176932A1 (en) | 2013-04-28 | 2014-05-04 | Method and process for shale oil and gas extraction by fracturing and chemical retorting in oil shale in situ vertical well |
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US20160069170A1 true US20160069170A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
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US14/787,732 Abandoned US20160069170A1 (en) | 2013-04-28 | 2014-05-04 | Method and process for extracting shale oil and gas by fracturing and chemical retorting in oil shale in-situ vertical well |
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US (1) | US20160069170A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103232852B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014176932A1 (en) |
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-
2013
- 2013-04-28 CN CN201310152533.7A patent/CN103232852B/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-05-04 WO PCT/CN2014/000459 patent/WO2014176932A1/en active Application Filing
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CN115095306A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Oil shale air/CO 2 Alternate injection in-situ combustion method and application |
Also Published As
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CN103232852B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2014176932A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
CN103232852A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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