CN111595442A - Snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method and device - Google Patents
Snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111595442A CN111595442A CN202010381454.3A CN202010381454A CN111595442A CN 111595442 A CN111595442 A CN 111595442A CN 202010381454 A CN202010381454 A CN 202010381454A CN 111595442 A CN111595442 A CN 111595442A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/26—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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Abstract
The invention relates to a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method and a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging device. The method and the device aim to solve the technical problems that a spectral imaging method or a spectral imaging device in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of dynamic target detection and real-time detection, the time-sharing period of polarization state measurement is long, the spectrum aliasing phenomenon occurs, and the energy utilization rate is low; the invention relates to a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method, which is characterized in that after target light is collimated, the target light is interfered by an F-P interferometer, the F-P interferometer is finely adjusted continuously, then a polarization spectrum image with a continuously transformed spectrum section is obtained and output, and then the polarization spectrum image is collected; therefore, the capacity of acquiring the snapshot type polarization spectrum is realized, and the invention also provides a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging device for realizing the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spectral imaging method and a spectral imaging device, in particular to a snapshot type polarization spectral imaging method and a snapshot type polarization spectral imaging device.
Background
The spectral imaging and the polarization imaging are combined to form a novel optical remote sensing technology, namely a polarization spectral imaging technology, which is a novel detection technology capable of integrating image information, spectral information and polarization state information of a target, has obvious principle advancement and technical advantages, and spectral imaging equipment possibly has the phenomena of 'same-spectrum foreign matter' and 'same-object different-spectrum', so that certain limitation exists in the aspect of the accuracy of target identification. After polarization information is added to the image and the spectrum information, the optimal detection and identification capability can be achieved. The method is particularly suitable for target detection under the conditions of turbid media (smoke, fog, haze, dust, water bodies and the like), has the characteristics of strong light weakening and weak light strengthening of polarization states, and can greatly extend detection areas at the dark-bright ends of remote sensing. Meanwhile, the atmospheric attenuation can be accurately depicted and regularly found by using a polarization means, and an objective basis can be provided for a new atmospheric window theory.
At present, the following methods are mainly used for detecting polarization spectrum imaging:
1. a polarization spectrum imaging method based on AOTF (acousto-optic tunable) and LCTF (liquid crystal tunable) comprises the following steps: the principle of the method is to select the spectrum band by using the acousto-optic diffraction principle and the liquid crystal electric tuning principle, and simultaneously, the polarization state is measured by adopting the combination of a phase delay device LCVR and the like.
2. The computed tomography type polarization spectrum imaging method comprises the following steps: the detection of polarization state and spectrum information is carried out by installing a plurality of polaroids and wave plates with different polarization directions, and the defects are that the time sharing of polarization state measurement is long, a moving part is arranged, and the method is not suitable for being used when a moving object is rapidly changed.
3. The spectral polarization imaging method based on slit dispersion comprises the following steps: the method adopts a polarization-spectrum intensity modulation technology, realizes the measurement of the polarization state by adding a spectrum modulation module in the light path of a common slit dispersion spectrometer, and has the defects that a spectrum acquisition system adopts a slit, so the energy utilization rate is low, and simultaneously, the spectrum aliasing phenomenon exists in the acquired original data.
4. Polarization spectrum imaging system based on polarization grating: the system adopts a novel transmission type anisotropic polarization sensitive grating which can realize the separation of polarization dimension and spectrum dimension, but the system has aliasing phenomenon in the aspect of spectrum acquisition, the measurement of the polarization state needs to be calculated through combination, and meanwhile, the system has a slit, the energy utilization rate is not high, and the processing and preparation process difficulty of the transmission grating is large.
Based on the above typical shortcomings, there is a need for a spectral imaging technique with non-push-broom, snapshot, synchronous acquisition of polarization information, and programmable output of spectral bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a spectral imaging method or a spectral imaging device in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of dynamic target detection and real-time detection, the time-sharing period of polarization state measurement is long, the spectrum aliasing phenomenon occurs, and the energy utilization rate is low, and provides a snapshot type polarization spectral imaging method and a snapshot type polarization spectral imaging device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) collimating the target light;
step 2) interfering the collimated target light through the F-P interferometer, and finely adjusting the F-P interferometer continuously to change the wavelength of the light wave output by the F-P interferometer so as to generate a continuous spectrum with continuously changed spectrum bands;
step 3) obtaining and outputting a polarization spectrum image with continuously changed spectrum segments;
and 4) collecting a polarization spectrum image.
Further, in the step 2), the fine tuning F-P interferometer continuously changes the displacement of the micro-displacement motor in the F-P interferometer.
Based on the snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method, the invention also provides a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging device, which is characterized in that:
the system comprises a front-mounted optical telescope unit, an F-P interferometer, a detection unit and an acquisition control unit which are sequentially arranged along a light path;
the front optical telescope unit collimates and emits target light;
the F-P interferometer is used for changing the optical path difference of the target light;
the detection unit acquires a polarization spectrum image of the target light;
the acquisition control unit acquires the polarization spectrum image and outputs different voltage signals to the F-P interferometer.
Further, the detection unit comprises an imaging lens group and a polarization detector;
the imaging lens group images the target light on the polarization detector;
the polarization detector is used for acquiring a polarization spectrum image.
Further, the F-P interferometer comprises a micro-displacement motor;
and a corresponding data set of the displacement of the micro-displacement motor and the wavelength of the output light wave is arranged in the acquisition control unit.
Further, the polarization detector includes a first polarization unit;
the first polarization unit is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a non-polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
Further, the polarization detector includes a second polarization unit;
the second polarization unit is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a circular polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
Further, the polarization detector includes a third polarization unit;
the third polarization unit is configured by a 0-degree linear deviation direction, a 45-degree linear deviation direction, a 90-degree linear deviation direction and a 135-degree linear deviation direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
Further, the polarization detector is formed by randomly combining and configuring at least one of a first polarization unit, a second polarization unit and a third polarization unit in an N-N matrix form;
the first polarization unit is formed by arranging a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a non-polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form;
the second polarization unit is formed by arranging a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a circular polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form;
the third polarization unit is configured by a 0-degree linear deviation direction, a 45-degree linear deviation direction, a 90-degree linear deviation direction and a 135-degree linear deviation direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
Furthermore, the front optical telescope unit comprises a front lens group, a field diaphragm and a collimating lens group which are sequentially arranged along an optical path;
the front lens group realizes front collection of target light rays, the target light rays are incident to the field diaphragm, the field diaphragm performs field selection adjustment on the target light rays, and then the target light rays are collimated by the collimating lens group and are emitted to the F-P interferometer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional polarization spectrum imaging method, the spectrum imaging method has the capability of realizing snapshot type polarization spectrum acquisition and has the capability of detecting a moving target.
2. The polarization state acquisition of the invention is synchronous acquisition, has very good real-time performance, and is not time-sharing and asynchronous measurement in the traditional mode.
3. The spectral imaging device does not have a large-stroke moving part, has very good stability, and needs to rotate a polarization wheel or a wave plate in an unconventional mode.
4. The spectrum of the spectral imaging device is acquired without adopting a slit, so that the energy utilization rate is high, and the spectrum aliasing phenomenon does not exist.
5. The polarization spectrum imaging device has the spectrum band selection capability under the condition of acquiring different polarization state information.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a snapshot-type polarization spectral imaging apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a first polarization unit in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a second polarization unit in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a third polarization unit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a configuration diagram of four first polarization units combined in a 2 × 2 matrix form in the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a front optical telescope unit, 11-a front lens group, 12-a field diaphragm, 13-a collimating lens group, 2-F-P interferometer, 3-a detection unit, 31-an imaging lens group, 32-a polarization detector, 321-a first polarization unit, 322-a second polarization unit, 323-a third polarization unit and 4-an acquisition control unit.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, a snapshot-type polarization spectrum imaging method and apparatus according to the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description. It should be noted that: the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, the intention being solely for the convenience and clarity of illustrating embodiments of the invention; second, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures.
The invention relates to a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging device, which comprises a front lens group 11, a field diaphragm 12, a collimating lens group 13, an F-P interferometer 2, an imaging lens group 31, a polarization detector 32 and an acquisition control unit 4 which are sequentially arranged along a light path, as shown in figure 1;
the front optical telescope unit 1 for collimating and emitting target rays is formed by a front lens group 11, a field diaphragm 12 and a collimating lens group 13; the F-P interferometer 2 is used for changing the optical path difference of the target light; the imaging lens group 31 and the polarization detector 32 form a detection unit 3 for acquiring a light beam polarization image; the acquisition control unit 4 realizes the acquisition of polarization spectrum data and the control and adjustment of the detector and the micro-displacement motor.
The F-P interferometer 2 comprises a micro-displacement motor, and the wavelength of light waves output by the F-P interferometer can be changed by changing the displacement of the micro-displacement motor, so that continuous spectrums with continuously changed spectrum bands are generated.
The target light enters the front lens group 11 to realize front collection, and enters the target light to the field diaphragm 12, the field diaphragm 12 performs field selection adjustment on the target light, and then the target light is collimated and emitted to the F-P interferometer 2 through the collimating lens group 13; the displacement of a micro-displacement motor in the F-P interferometer 2 is controlled by the acquisition control unit 4, so that spectrum segments are modulated and transformed continuously, and then the spectrum segments are imaged on the polarization detector 32 through the imaging lens group 31, so that polarized images of continuous spectrums are acquired, and the polarization states of different spectrum segments can be adjusted through the change of the polarization detector to acquire different polarization states.
The displacement generated by the micro-displacement motor is proportional to the optical path difference of the two beams of interference light, and the optical path difference corresponds to the wavelength generated by the interference, so that the invention is provided with a corresponding data set of the displacement of the micro-displacement motor and the wavelength of the light beam in the acquisition control unit 4. When the micro-displacement sensor is used, the micro-displacement sensor can be directly added to a required wavelength position according to needs without gradually scanning from a starting point, and the wavelength of detection can be selected according to needs, namely, the micro-displacement amount is changed by programming a driving voltage signal applied to the micro-displacement motor, so that the wavelength is selected and output.
The invention provides a configuration form of a four-center polarization detector:
first, as shown in fig. 2, the polarization detector 32 includes a first polarization unit 321; the first polarization unit 321 is configured by a 0 degree linear polarization direction, a 45 degree linear polarization direction, a 135 degree linear polarization direction and a non-polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form, and the configuration mode can avoid weak light incidence energy and limited target detection.
Secondly, as shown in fig. 3, the polarization detector 32 includes a second polarization unit 322; the second polarization unit 322 is configured by a 0 degree linear polarization direction, a 45 degree linear polarization direction, a 135 degree linear polarization direction and a circular polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form; the configuration mode adopts the memory effect of circular polarization information to acquire full polarization information;
third, as shown in fig. 4, the polarization detector 32 includes a third polarization unit 323; the third polarization unit 323 is configured in a 2 x 2 matrix form by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 90-degree linear polarization direction and a 135-degree linear polarization direction, and the configuration mode can acquire two paths of orthogonal linear polarization information and respectively correspond to application scene requirements of different forms.
Fourthly, the polarization detector 32 is configured by at least one of the first polarization unit 321 in the first kind, the second polarization unit 322 in the second kind and the third polarization unit 323 in the third kind in an arbitrary combination in an N × N matrix form; namely: all the three types may be one of the above three types, any two of the three types may be any one of the above three types, or all the three types may be provided, and the configuration modes are various. As shown in fig. 5, four first polarization units 321 are arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix. The configuration mode can acquire the polarization information of the target at any position in the field of view.
The invention discloses a snapshot type polarization spectrum imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) carrying out preposed collection, field selection adjustment and collimation on target light rays sequentially through a preposed optical telescope unit, and then, enabling the target light rays to enter an F-P interferometer;
step 2) continuously modulating the F-P interferometer through the acquisition control unit, thereby continuously adjusting the wavelength of light waves output by the F-P interferometer and generating a continuous spectrum with continuously changed spectrum segments;
step 3) imaging the continuously transformed continuous spectrum to a polarization detector through an imaging lens group in the detection unit, and acquiring and outputting a continuously transformed polarization spectrum image of the spectrum through the polarization detector;
and 4) collecting the polarization spectrum image through a collection control unit.
Claims (10)
1. A snapshot type polarization spectral imaging method, comprising the steps of:
step 1) collimating the target light;
step 2) interfering the collimated target light through the F-P interferometer, and finely adjusting the F-P interferometer continuously to change the wavelength of the light wave output by the F-P interferometer so as to generate a continuous spectrum with continuously changed spectrum bands;
step 3) obtaining and outputting a polarization spectrum image with continuously changed spectrum segments;
and 4) collecting a polarization spectrum image.
2. A snapshot type polarization spectral imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step 2), the fine tuning F-P interferometer continuously changes the displacement of a micro-displacement motor in the F-P interferometer.
3. A snapshot-type polarization spectrum imaging apparatus for implementing a snapshot-type polarization spectrum imaging method according to claim 1, wherein: the system comprises a front-mounted optical telescope unit (1), an F-P interferometer (2), a detection unit (3) and an acquisition control unit (4) which are sequentially arranged along a light path;
the front optical telescope unit (1) collimates and emits target light;
the F-P interferometer (2) is used for changing the optical path difference of the target light;
the detection unit (3) acquires a polarization spectrum image of the target light;
the acquisition control unit (4) acquires the polarization spectrum image and outputs different voltage signals to the F-P interferometer (2).
4. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the detection unit (3) comprises an imaging lens group (31) and a polarization detector (32);
the imaging lens group (31) images the target light on the polarization detector (32);
the polarization detector (32) is used for acquiring a polarization spectrum image.
5. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the F-P interferometer (2) comprises a micro-displacement motor;
and a corresponding data set of the displacement of the micro-displacement motor and the wavelength of the output light wave is arranged in the acquisition control unit (4).
6. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the polarization detector (32) comprises a first polarization unit (321);
the first polarization unit (321) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a non-polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form.
7. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the polarization detector (32) comprises a second polarization unit (322);
the second polarization unit (322) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a circular polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form.
8. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the polarization detector (32) comprises a third polarization unit (323);
the third polarization unit (323) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 90-degree linear polarization direction and a 135-degree linear polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
9. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the polarization detector (32) is formed by randomly combining and configuring at least one of a first polarization unit (321), a second polarization unit (322) and a third polarization unit (323) in an N-N matrix form;
the first polarization unit (321) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a non-polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form;
the second polarization unit (322) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 135-degree linear polarization direction and a circular polarization direction in a 2 x 2 matrix form;
the third polarization unit (323) is configured by a 0-degree linear polarization direction, a 45-degree linear polarization direction, a 90-degree linear polarization direction and a 135-degree linear polarization direction in a 2-by-2 matrix form.
10. A snapshot type polarized spectral imaging apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein: the front optical telescope unit (1) comprises a front lens group (11), a field diaphragm (12) and a collimating lens group (13) which are sequentially arranged along a light path;
the front lens group (11) is used for realizing front collection of target light rays, the target light rays are incident to the field diaphragm (12), the field diaphragm (12) is used for carrying out field selection adjustment on the target light rays, and then the target light rays are collimated and emitted to the F-P interferometer (2) through the collimating lens group (13).
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN102589714A (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2012-07-18 | 南昌航空大学 | Temperature measuring device based on high-pressure gas Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectrum |
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