CN111594099B - Device and method for simulating and testing productivity of coal bed gas staged fracturing horizontal well - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating and testing productivity of coal bed gas staged fracturing horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- CN111594099B CN111594099B CN202010480504.3A CN202010480504A CN111594099B CN 111594099 B CN111594099 B CN 111594099B CN 202010480504 A CN202010480504 A CN 202010480504A CN 111594099 B CN111594099 B CN 111594099B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 291
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well capacity simulation testing device which comprises a bearing platform, a power loading mechanism, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, wherein the bearing platform comprises a bearing rack, an operation platform and a control platform, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is connected with the operation platform, and the power loading mechanism, the gas recovery mechanism and the data acquisition device are all connected with the bearing rack and are respectively connected with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism. The specific test method comprises four steps of equipment assembly, equipment prefabrication, simulation, data summarization and the like. The invention can effectively carry out simulation on different geological structures, thereby effectively realizing the test precision of the gas production after accurate measurement and fracturing operation and simultaneously effectively improving the working efficiency of detection test operation; therefore, relatively accurate reference basis is provided for capacity prediction under similar coal reservoir conditions, and the accuracy and reliability of design, mining process and mining activity of the coal bed methane mining area can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for simulating and testing productivity of a coal bed gas staged fracturing horizontal well, and belongs to the coal bed gas mining technology.
Background
The vertical well and the horizontal well are two main well types for developing coal bed gas on the ground in China at present. The horizontal well has the characteristics of large pressure relief area, high gas production amount, capability of shortening gas production time, relatively mature process technology and the like, and the characteristic is determined to be applied more and more widely in areas with higher coal bed gas exploration and development degrees. The permeability of coal reservoirs in China is generally low, the coal seam is buried deep by 600 meters or less, the permeability of the coal reservoir is higher than 0.5mD in a primary structure coal and cracked coal development area, and the coal bed gas multi-branch horizontal well technology is well popularized and applied. However, with the increase of the development depth of the coal bed gas, when the permeability of a coal reservoir is lower than 0.5mD, the defects that a multi-branch horizontal well shaft is easy to collapse, the later maintenance is difficult, the gas production rate depends more on the permeability of the coal bed, the defects are completely exposed, the input/output ratio is small, and the application range is narrower and narrower. The staged fracturing horizontal well draws more and more attention to people because of the characteristics of relatively simple drilling process, strong adaptability to coal seams, uncomplicated staged fracturing tools and process, wide gas supply range and the like.
Whether the coal bed methane staged fracturing horizontal well has large economic benefit is an important factor for determining whether the staged fracturing horizontal well can be popularized in a large range or not except being influenced by geological conditions of a coal reservoir, and accurate prediction of the productivity of the coal bed methane staged fracturing horizontal well is a basis for objective evaluation of the economic benefit. The most common capacity prediction method is currently performed by using capacity simulation software such as Comet 3.0, Eclipse, CoalGas, CMG, etc. The software is developed by foreign companies based on the geological conditions of the foreign coal reservoir, mainly countries such as the United states, Australia and the like. The geological conditions of coal reservoirs in the countries such as the United states and Australia and the like are greatly different from the geological conditions of coal reservoirs in China, the permeability of the reservoirs is an important parameter influencing the productivity of coal-bed gas wells, the permeability of coal reservoirs in the countries such as the United states and Australia is generally several millidarcies or even hundreds of millidarcies, the permeability of coal reservoirs in China is generally less than 1 millidarcy, and the order of magnitude of the permeability is obviously different, so that when the software is applied by coal-bed gas technologists in China, more production dynamic fitting is performed based on field historical gas production data, the productivity prediction is performed by adjusting parameters, the subjectivity is high, and objective facts cannot be accurately reflected. Some researchers build a productivity mathematical model to predict the productivity of the coal-bed gas well, and differences of the number of staged fracturing sections, the heterogeneity of a coal reservoir and the like may cause the prediction result to have a certain difference from the actual value.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a corresponding detection method, which can simulate various conditions of a reservoir for different staged fracturing stage numbers, coal reservoir combinations and the like, perform reservoir condition change and staged fracturing stage number change, and test the productivity of each stage, so as to accurately test the productivity of the coal bed gas staged fracturing well under different reservoir conditions, staged fracturing stage numbers and other conditions, and further provide a decision basis for implementing the coal bed gas horizontal well process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a device and a method for simulating and testing the productivity of a coal bed methane staged fracturing horizontal well.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a horizontal well capacity simulation testing device for coal bed gas staged fracturing comprises a bearing platform, a power loading mechanism, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, wherein the bearing platform comprises a bearing rack, an operation platform and an operation platform, the bearing rack is a frame structure with the axis vertical to the horizontal plane, the upper end surface of the frame structure is connected with and coaxially distributed with the operation platform, the side surface of the frame structure is connected with at least one operation platform, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is connected with the operation platform through at least three positioning clamps, the axis of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is parallel to the horizontal plane, the power loading mechanism, the gas recovery mechanism and the data acquisition device are all connected with the bearing rack and respectively connected with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the power loading mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism are communicated through the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the data acquisition device is additionally provided with at least one operation interface, and the operation interfaces are all connected with the upper end surface of the operation platform, and the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Further, the power loading mechanism comprises a bearing cavity, an enclosing pressure bag, an axial pressure bag, a helium bottle, a methane bottle, a booster pump, an enclosing pressure pump, an axial pressure pump, a high-pressure ventilation pipeline, a control valve, a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, wherein the bearing cavity is of a columnar closed cavity structure and covers the outer side of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the axis of the bearing cavity is distributed in parallel with a horizontal plane and is connected with the operation platform through a positioning fixture, one end of the bearing cavity is provided with a flow guide port and is communicated with the gas recovery mechanism through the flow guide port, the enclosing pressure bag is of a hollow tubular pile structure which is coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity and is connected with the inner surface of the side wall of the bearing cavity, the length of the enclosing pressure bag is not less than 80% of the length of the bearing cavity, the axial pressure bags are two, are embedded in the bearing cavity and coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity, and the two axial pressure bags are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the two end heads of the bearing cavity, the helium bottle, the methane bottle, the pressure pump, the surrounding pressure pump and the axial pressure pump are all connected with a bearing rack and embedded in the bearing rack, wherein the helium bottle and the methane bottle are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with at least one high-pressure vent pipeline through the pressure pump, the high-pressure vent pipelines are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism through one-way valves, a flowmeter is arranged on each high-pressure vent pipeline between the pressure pump and the one-way valves, the helium bottle, the methane bottle and the pressure pump are communicated through control valves, a pressure gauge is additionally arranged at the position of each control valve, one high-pressure vent pipeline connected with the helium bottle and one high-pressure vent pipeline connected with the methane bottle form an operation group, the operation groups are at least three, the operation groups are connected in parallel and are communicated with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, and are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the axis of the operation group is perpendicular to the axis of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the confining pressure bag is communicated with the confining pressure pump through a guide pipe, the two shaft pressure bag bags are communicated with the shaft pressure pump through the guide pipe respectively, a pressure gauge is arranged at the connecting position of the confining pressure bag, the shaft pressure bag and the guide pipe, the control valve, the one-way valve, the pressure gauge and the flow meter are located outside the bearing cavity, and the pressure pump, the confining pressure pump, the shaft pressure pump, the control valve, the one-way valve, the pressure gauge and the flow meter are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Furthermore, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism comprises an outer similar material, an inner similar material, an elastic isolation ring, a pressure sensing piece, gas ports and a segmented reservoir gas output quantity test mechanism, wherein the inner similar material is of a cylindrical structure, the outer similar material is of a hollow pipe pile structure which is coaxially distributed with the inner similar material and wraps the inner similar material, the outer similar material and the inner similar material are mutually connected through the elastic isolation ring to form an independent gas production section, a gas production simulation channel which is coaxially distributed with the inner similar material is arranged in the inner similar material of the independent gas production section, the elastic isolation ring is uniformly provided with the plurality of gas ports, the outer similar material and the inner similar material are mutually communicated through the gas ports, the inner similar material is further communicated with the gas production simulation channel through the gas ports, the gas production sections are at least two independent gas production sections which are mutually connected through sealing rings, the device comprises a plurality of independent gas production sections, a plurality of pressure sensing pieces, a data acquisition device and a power loading mechanism, wherein the independent gas production sections are coaxially distributed and mutually communicated, each independent gas production section is respectively provided with at least one segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism and is communicated with at least one high-pressure vent pipe of the power loading mechanism, the number of the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms is consistent with the number of gas ports and is positioned at the positions of the gas ports, the plurality of pressure sensing pieces are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of an outer similar material, the outer side surface and the inner side surface of an elastic isolation ring corresponding to the gas ports and the side surface of a gas production simulation channel around the axis of the outer similar material, and the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms and the pressure sensing pieces are respectively and electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Furthermore, the segmented reservoir gas output quantity testing mechanism comprises a plurality of electric control switches, electromagnetic valves and precise flow meters, wherein the electric control switches are embedded in the gas production simulation channel and are positioned at the positions where the gas production simulation channel and the gas production channel are communicated, the gas production simulation channel, the gas production channels and two adjacent gas production sections are communicated through the electric control switches, the electromagnetic valves and the precise flow meters are a plurality, one electromagnetic valve and one precise flow meter form a detection group, the number of the detection group is consistent with the number of the gas ports, a detection group is arranged in each gas port, the electromagnetic valves and the gas ports are coaxially distributed, the exhaust ends of the electromagnetic valves and the precise flow meters are communicated with each other, the precise flow meters are communicated with the gas production channels, and the electric control switches, the electromagnetic valves and the precise flow meters are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Furthermore, each gas production section is communicated with at least one operation group.
Further, the gas recovery mechanism comprises a gas separation device, a precision flowmeter, a methane recovery bottle, a nitrogen recovery bottle and a pressure valve, wherein the gas separation device is communicated with the flow guide port of the bearing cavity, and is further communicated with at least one methane recovery bottle and at least one nitrogen recovery bottle through flow guide branch pipes respectively, the methane recovery bottle and the nitrogen recovery bottle are connected in parallel, the pressure valve is arranged on the flow guide branch pipe connecting the methane recovery bottle, the nitrogen recovery bottle and the gas separation device, the precision flowmeter is arranged at the connecting position of the gas separation device and the flow guide branch pipes, and the precision flowmeter and the pressure valve are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Furthermore, the data acquisition device is a control circuit system based on any one of an industrial computer and a PC (personal computer) as a core, at least one control interface is provided, the control interfaces are connected in parallel, the control circuit system comprises at least one multi-point touch display and a control box, the multi-point touch display is electrically connected with the control box and is electrically connected with the data acquisition device through the control box, the multi-point touch display is hinged with the upper end face of the control table through a turntable mechanism, and the optical axis of the multi-point touch display forms an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Furthermore, the console is connected with the bearing rack in a sliding mode through a sliding rail, and the axis of the sliding rail forms an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the horizontal plane.
A use method of a coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling equipment, namely firstly preparing a coal reservoir simulation mechanism with similarity of not less than 80% to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics according to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics of the test to be detected, then assembling a bearing platform, a power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, and simultaneously connecting the data acquisition device with an external power supply system and a data communication system to finish the assembly of the invention;
s2, prefabricating equipment, setting the operating pressures of a power loading mechanism, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism and a gas recovery mechanism according to actual geological condition parameters and the requirements of the construction process of extraction operation of coal bed gas after the step S1 is completed, then conveying high-pressure air to each gas path of the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism according to the set pressure values, closing each control valve to perform pressure maintaining after the high-pressure air pressure reaches a set value, keeping the pressure for not less than 30 minutes, performing subsequent operation after the pressure maintaining is completed, and returning to the step S1 to re-assemble the equipment if the pressure maintaining fails until the pressure maintaining is successful;
s3, simulation, after S2 is completed, firstly, a segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism in the coal reservoir simulating mechanism is driven to operate, each gas production section is isolated by the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism, simultaneously, a gas port is sealed, then, according to the action force of a geological structure, a confining pressure pump and an axial pressure pump of a power loading mechanism are driven to operate, a confining pressure bag and an axial pressure bag are driven by the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump to apply axial pressure and radial pressure to external similar materials of the coal reservoir simulating mechanism, the actual geological action force environment simulation is realized, meanwhile, the fracturing and seam making operation on the external similar materials and internal similar materials is further realized, after the pressure values of the confining pressure bag and the axial pressure bag are stable, a pressure pump is driven to operate, and methane gas and helium gas in each gas cylinder are pressurized by the pressure pump and then are conveyed into a bearing cavity, and with the pressure value of the methane gas and the helium gas in the bearing cavity increasing, driving the methane gas and the helium gas to permeate into gaps and material cracks of the similar material outside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by a pressure sensing sheet, operating an electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches a set value of the electromagnetic valve, opening a gas port by the electromagnetic valve, metering by a precision flowmeter, permeating into the gaps and the material cracks of the similar material inside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by the pressure sensing sheet, operating the electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches the set value of the electromagnetic valve, metering by the precision flowmeter after the gas port is opened by the electromagnetic valve, refluxing into a simulation channel, and when the pressure of the gas in the gas production simulation channel is greater than the set value of the pressure valve of the gas recovery mechanism, conveying the gas in the gas production simulation channel into a gas separation device of the gas recovery mechanism through a flow guide port, separating the residual gas by a gas separation device to obtain helium and methane gas again, and respectively conveying the separated helium and methane gas into a methane recovery bottle and a nitrogen recovery bottle for recovery after the separated helium and methane gas are measured by a precision flowmeter;
and S4, summarizing data, counting and summarizing pressure values detected by the pressure sensing sheets, gas yield detection values detected by the precision flowmeters at the gas ports and residual methane gas and nitrogen gas metered by the precision flowmeters in the gas recovery mechanism when the operation of the step S3 is carried out, calculating gas output of the coal sample under different permeabilities, different reservoir pressure differences and different gas contents according to the collected data, and making the relation between the pressure difference, the time and the permeability and the gas output.
The surface equipment has a relatively simple structure and high operation automation degree, and can effectively perform simulation on different geological structures, thereby effectively realizing the gas production test precision after accurate measurement of fracturing operation and simultaneously effectively improving the working efficiency of detection test operation; and by simulating the change parameters of the permeability in the process of discharging and mining different pressure differences and gas output under different coal reservoir conditions and accurately obtaining the relation among the pressure difference, the gas content, the permeability and the gas output, relatively accurate reference basis is provided for capacity prediction under the similar coal reservoir conditions, and the accuracy and reliability of design, mining process and mining activity of the coal bed gas mining area can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coal reservoir simulation mechanism and a local connection structure of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and a power loading mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a coal bed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation testing device comprises a bearing platform 1, a power loading mechanism 2, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, a gas recovery mechanism 4 and a data acquisition device 5, wherein the bearing platform 1 comprises a bearing rack 101, an operation platform 102 and an operation platform 103, wherein the bearing rack 101 is a frame structure with axes vertically distributed with a horizontal plane, the upper end surface of the frame structure is connected with the operation platform 102 and coaxially distributed, the side surface of the frame structure is connected with at least one operation platform 103, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3 is connected with the operation platform 102 through at least three positioning clamps 7, the axes of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism are distributed with the horizontal plane in parallel, the power loading mechanism 2, the gas recovery mechanism 4 and the data acquisition device 5 are all connected with the bearing rack 101 and respectively connected with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, and the power loading mechanism 2 and the gas recovery mechanism 4 are communicated with each other through the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, the data acquisition device 5 is additionally provided with at least one control interface 6, the control interfaces 6 are connected with the upper end face of the control platform 103, and the power loading mechanism 2, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3 and the gas recovery mechanism 4 are electrically connected with the data acquisition device 5.
It is emphasized that the power loading mechanism 2 includes a bearing cavity 21, a confining pressure bag 22, an axial pressure bag 23, a helium bottle 24, a methane bottle 25, a pressure pump 26, a confining pressure pump 27, an axial pressure pump 28, a high-pressure ventilation pipeline 29, a control valve 20, a one-way valve 201, a pressure gauge 202 and a flow meter 203, the bearing cavity 21 is a columnar closed cavity structure and covers the outer side of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, the axis of the bearing cavity 21 is distributed in parallel with the horizontal plane and is connected with the operation platform 102 through a positioning clamp 7, a diversion port 204 is arranged at one end of the bearing cavity 21 and is communicated with the gas recovery mechanism 4 through the diversion port 204, the confining pressure bag 22 is a hollow tubular pile structure coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity 21 and is connected with the inner surface of the side wall of the bearing cavity 21, the length of the confining pressure bag 22 is not less than 80% of the length of the bearing cavity 21, the axial pressure bags 23 are two in total, are embedded in the bearing cavity 21 and are coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity 21, the two pressure bag bags 23 are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the two end surfaces of the bearing cavity 21, the helium bottle 24, the methane bottle 25, the pressure pump 26, the surrounding pressure pump 27 and the axial pressure pump 28 are all connected with the bearing rack 101 and embedded in the bearing rack 101, wherein the helium bottle 24 and the methane bottle 25 are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with at least one high-pressure vent pipeline 29 through the pressure pump 26, the high-pressure vent pipelines 29 are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3 through one-way valves 201, the high-pressure vent pipelines 29 between the pressure pump 26 and the one-way valves 201 are respectively provided with a flow meter 203, the helium bottle 24, the methane bottle 25 and the pressure pump 26 are communicated through control valves 20, the positions of the control valves 20 are further provided with pressure gauges 202, in the high-pressure vent pipelines 29, one high-pressure vent pipeline 29 connected with the helium bottle 24 and one high-pressure vent pipeline 29 connected with the methane bottle 25 form an operation group, the device comprises at least three operation groups, wherein the operation groups are mutually connected in parallel and are mutually communicated with a coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, the operation groups are uniformly distributed along the axis direction of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, the axes of the operation groups are vertically distributed with the axis of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3, a confining pressure bag 22 is communicated with a confining pressure pump 27 through a guide pipe, two axial pressure bags 23 are respectively communicated with an axial pressure pump 28 through a guide pipe, a pressure gauge 202 is arranged at the connecting position of the confining pressure bag 22, the axial pressure bag 23 and the guide pipe, a control valve 20, a one-way valve 201, the pressure gauge 202 and a flow meter 203 are all positioned outside a bearing cavity 21, and a pressurizing pump 26, the confining pressure pump 27, the axial pressure pump 28, the control valve 20, the one-way valve 201, the pressure gauge 202 and the flow meter 203 are all electrically connected with a data acquisition device 5.
It should be particularly noted that the coal reservoir simulation mechanism 3 includes an outer similar material 31, an inner similar material 32, an elastic isolation ring 33, a pressure sensing sheet 34, a gas port 35 and a segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism 36, the inner similar material 32 is a cylindrical structure, the outer similar material 31 is a hollow tubular pile structure coaxially distributed with the inner similar material 32 and covers the inner similar material 32, the outer similar material 31 and the inner similar material 32 are connected with each other through the elastic isolation ring 33 to form an independent gas production section 301, a gas production simulation 37 channel coaxially distributed with the inner similar material 32 is arranged in the inner similar material 323 of the independent gas production section 301, a plurality of gas ports 35 are uniformly distributed on the elastic isolation ring 33, the outer similar material 31 and the inner similar material 32 are mutually communicated through the gas port 35, and the inner similar material 32 is further communicated with the gas production simulation channel 37 through the gas port 35, the number of the independent gas production sections 301 is at least two, the independent gas production sections 301 are connected with each other through a sealing ring 38, are coaxially distributed and are communicated with each other, each independent gas production section 301 is respectively provided with at least one segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism 36 and is communicated with at least one high-pressure ventilation pipeline 29 of the power loading mechanism 2, the number of the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms 36 is the same as the number of the gas ports 35 and is positioned at the positions of the gas ports 35, a plurality of pressure sensing pieces 34 are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of the outer similar material 31, the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the elastic isolation ring 33 corresponding to the gas ports 35 and the side surface of the gas production simulation channel 37 around the axis of the outer similar material 31, and the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms 36 and the pressure sensing pieces 34 are respectively and electrically connected with the data acquisition device 5.
Further, the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism 36 includes a plurality of electric control switches 361, electromagnetic valves 362, and precise flow meters 363, wherein the electric control switches 361 are embedded in the gas production simulation channel 37 and located at the communication positions of the gas production simulation channel 37 and the gas production channel 38, the gas production simulation channel 37 and the gas production channel 38 and the two adjacent gas production segments 301 are communicated through the electric control switches 361, the electromagnetic valves 362 and the precise flow meters 363 are provided, and one electromagnetic valve 362 and one precise flow meter 363 form a detection group, the number of the detection group is the same as the number of the gas ports 35, and a detection group is provided in each gas port 35, wherein the electromagnetic valves 362 and the gas ports 35 are coaxially distributed, the exhaust ends thereof are communicated with the precise flow meters 363, the precise flow meters 363 are communicated with the gas production channels 368, and the electric control switches 361, 362, and precise flow meters 363 are communicated with the gas production channels 368, The precision flow meters 363 are electrically connected with the data acquisition device 5.
Preferably, each gas production section 301 of the gas production sections 301 is communicated with at least one operation group.
It should be noted that the gas recovery mechanism 4 includes a gas separation device 41, a precision flowmeter 363, a methane recovery bottle 42, a nitrogen recovery bottle 43, and a pressure valve 44, wherein the gas separation device 41 is communicated with the flow guide port 204 of the bearing cavity 21, and is further communicated with at least one methane recovery bottle 42 and at least one nitrogen recovery bottle 43 through a flow guide branch pipe 46, the methane recovery bottle 42 and the nitrogen recovery bottle 43 are connected in parallel, the flow guide branch pipes 46 of the methane recovery bottle 42 and the nitrogen recovery bottle 43, which are connected to the gas separation device 41, are provided with one pressure valve 44, the precision flowmeter 363 is provided at a connection position of the gas separation device and the flow guide branch pipe, and the precision flowmeter 363 and the pressure valve 44 are electrically connected to the data acquisition device 5.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition device 5 is a control circuit system based on any one of an industrial computer and a PC computer as a core, at least one of the control interfaces 6 is connected in parallel with each other, and includes at least one multi-touch display 61 and a control box 62, the multi-touch display 61 is electrically connected to the control box 62 and electrically connected to the data acquisition device 5 through the control box 62, the multi-touch display 61 is further hinged to an upper end surface of the console 103 through a turntable mechanism 63, and an included angle of 0 ° to 90 ° is formed between an optical axis of the multi-touch display 61 and a horizontal plane.
Preferably, the console 103 is slidably connected to the carrier frame 10 through a slide rail 104, and an angle formed between an axis of the slide rail 104 and a horizontal plane is 0-90 °.
As shown in fig. 3, a use method of the coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device includes the following steps:
s1, assembling equipment, namely firstly preparing a coal reservoir simulation mechanism with similarity of not less than 80% to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics according to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics of the test to be detected, then assembling a bearing platform, a power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, and simultaneously connecting the data acquisition device with an external power supply system and a data communication system to finish the assembly of the invention;
s2, prefabricating equipment, setting the operating pressures of a power loading mechanism, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism and a gas recovery mechanism according to actual geological condition parameters and the requirements of the construction process of extraction operation of coal bed gas after the step S1 is completed, then conveying high-pressure air to each gas path of the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism according to the set pressure values, closing each control valve to perform pressure maintaining after the high-pressure air pressure reaches a set value, keeping the pressure for not less than 30 minutes, performing subsequent operation after the pressure maintaining is completed, and returning to the step S1 to re-assemble the equipment if the pressure maintaining fails until the pressure maintaining is successful;
s3, simulation, after S2 is completed, firstly, a segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism in the coal reservoir simulating mechanism is driven to operate, each gas production section is isolated by the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism, simultaneously, a gas port is sealed, then, according to the action force of a geological structure, a confining pressure pump and an axial pressure pump of a power loading mechanism are driven to operate, a confining pressure bag and an axial pressure bag are driven by the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump to apply axial pressure and radial pressure to external similar materials of the coal reservoir simulating mechanism, the actual geological action force environment simulation is realized, meanwhile, the fracturing and seam making operation on the external similar materials and internal similar materials is further realized, after the pressure values of the confining pressure bag and the axial pressure bag are stable, a pressure pump is driven to operate, and methane gas and helium gas in each gas cylinder are pressurized by the pressure pump and then are conveyed into a bearing cavity, and with the pressure value of the methane gas and the helium gas in the bearing cavity increasing, driving the methane gas and the helium gas to permeate into gaps and material cracks of the similar material outside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by a pressure sensing sheet, operating an electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches a set value of the electromagnetic valve, opening a gas port by the electromagnetic valve, metering by a precision flowmeter, permeating into the gaps and the material cracks of the similar material inside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by the pressure sensing sheet, operating the electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches the set value of the electromagnetic valve, metering by the precision flowmeter after the gas port is opened by the electromagnetic valve, refluxing into a simulation channel, and when the pressure of the gas in the gas production simulation channel is greater than the set value of the pressure valve of the gas recovery mechanism, conveying the gas in the gas production simulation channel into a gas separation device of the gas recovery mechanism through a flow guide port, separating the residual gas by a gas separation device to obtain helium and methane gas again, and respectively conveying the separated helium and methane gas into a methane recovery bottle and a nitrogen recovery bottle for recovery after the separated helium and methane gas are measured by a precision flowmeter;
and S4, summarizing data, counting and summarizing pressure values detected by the pressure sensing sheets, gas yield detection values detected by the precision flowmeters at the gas ports and residual methane gas and nitrogen gas metered by the precision flowmeters in the gas recovery mechanism when the operation of the step S3 is carried out, calculating gas output of the coal sample under different permeabilities, different reservoir pressure differences and different gas contents according to the collected data, and making the relation between the pressure difference, the time and the permeability and the gas output.
The surface equipment has a relatively simple structure and high operation automation degree, and can effectively perform simulation on different geological structures, thereby effectively realizing the gas production test precision after accurate measurement of fracturing operation and simultaneously effectively improving the working efficiency of detection test operation; and by simulating the change parameters of the permeability in the process of discharging and mining different pressure differences and gas output under different coal reservoir conditions and accurately obtaining the relation among the pressure difference, the gas content, the permeability and the gas output, relatively accurate reference basis is provided for capacity prediction under the similar coal reservoir conditions, and the accuracy and reliability of design, mining process and mining activity of the coal bed gas mining area can be effectively improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a coal bed gas segmentation fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation testing arrangement which characterized in that: the productivity simulation test device for the coal bed gas staged fracturing horizontal well comprises a bearing table, a power loading mechanism, a coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, wherein the bearing table comprises a bearing frame, an operation table and an operation table, the bearing frame is a frame structure with the axis vertical to the horizontal plane, the upper end surface of the bearing frame is connected with the operation table and coaxially distributed, the side surface of the bearing frame is connected with at least one operation table, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is connected with the operation table through at least three positioning clamps, the axis of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is parallel to the horizontal plane, the power loading mechanism, the gas recovery mechanism and the data acquisition device are all connected with the bearing frame and respectively connected with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the power loading mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism are communicated through the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, and the data acquisition device is additionally provided with at least one control interface, the control interface is connected with the upper end face of the control platform, and the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism are electrically connected with the data acquisition device; the power loading mechanism comprises a bearing cavity, two confining pressure bag bags, an axial pressure bag, a helium bottle, a methane bottle, a pressure pump, a confining pressure pump, an axial pressure pump, a high-pressure ventilation pipeline, a control valve, a one-way valve, a pressure gauge and a flowmeter, wherein the bearing cavity is of a columnar closed cavity structure and covers the outer side of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the axis of the bearing cavity is distributed in parallel with the horizontal plane and is connected with the operation table through a positioning clamp, one end of the bearing cavity is provided with a flow guide port and is communicated with the gas recovery mechanism through the flow guide port, the confining pressure bag is of a hollow tubular structure which is coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity and is connected with the inner surface of the side wall of the bearing cavity, the length of the confining pressure bag is not less than 80% of the length of the bearing cavity, the axial pressure bag bags are embedded in the bearing cavity and are coaxially distributed with the bearing cavity, the two confining pressure bag bags are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the two end surfaces of the bearing cavity, the helium bottle, the pressure bottle, The methane gas bottle, the pressure pump, the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump are all connected with a bearing rack and embedded in the bearing rack, wherein the helium gas bottle and the methane gas bottle are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with at least one high-pressure vent pipeline through the pressure pump, the high-pressure vent pipelines are connected in parallel and are respectively communicated with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism through one-way valves, a flowmeter is arranged on each high-pressure vent pipeline between the pressure pump and the one-way valves, the helium gas bottle, the methane gas bottle and the pressure pump are communicated through control valves, a pressure gauge is additionally arranged at the position of each control valve, one high-pressure vent pipeline connected with the helium gas bottle and one high-pressure vent pipeline connected with the methane gas bottle in each high-pressure vent pipeline form an operation group, the operation groups are at least three, the operation groups are connected in parallel and are mutually communicated with the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, and are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the axis of the operation group is perpendicular to the axis of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the confining pressure bag is communicated with the confining pressure pump through a guide pipe, the two shaft pressure bag bags are communicated with the shaft pressure pump through the guide pipe respectively, a pressure gauge is arranged at the connecting position of the confining pressure bag, the shaft pressure bag and the guide pipe, the control valve, the one-way valve, the pressure gauge and the flow meter are located outside the bearing cavity, and the pressure pump, the confining pressure pump, the shaft pressure pump, the control valve, the one-way valve, the pressure gauge and the flow meter are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
2. The coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coal reservoir simulation mechanism comprises an outer similar material, an inner similar material, an elastic isolation ring, a pressure sensing piece, gas ports and a segmented reservoir gas output quantity testing mechanism, wherein the inner similar material is of a cylindrical structure, the outer similar material is of a hollow pipe pile structure which is coaxially distributed with the inner similar material and wraps the inner similar material, the outer similar material and the inner similar material are mutually connected through the elastic isolation ring to form an independent gas production section, a gas production simulation channel which is coaxially distributed with the inner similar material is arranged in the inner similar material of the independent gas production section, the elastic isolation ring is uniformly provided with the plurality of gas ports, the outer similar material and the inner similar material are mutually communicated through the gas ports, the inner similar material is further communicated with the gas production simulation channel through the gas ports, the independent gas production sections are mutually connected through sealing rings, the device comprises a plurality of independent gas production sections, a plurality of pressure sensing pieces, a plurality of elastic isolation rings and a gas production simulation channel side surface, wherein the independent gas production sections are coaxially distributed and mutually communicated, each independent gas production section is respectively provided with at least one segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism and is communicated with at least one high-pressure vent pipe line of a power loading mechanism, the number of the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms is consistent with the number of gas ports and is positioned at each gas port, the plurality of pressure sensing pieces are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of an outer similar material, the outer side surface and the inner side surface of the elastic isolation ring corresponding to the gas ports and the side surface of a gas production simulation channel around the axis of the outer similar material respectively, and the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanisms and the pressure sensing pieces are electrically connected with a data acquisition device respectively.
3. The coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the segmented reservoir gas output quantity testing mechanism comprises a plurality of electric control switches, electromagnetic valves and precise flow meters, wherein the electric control switches are embedded in a gas production simulation channel and are positioned at the positions where the gas production simulation channel and the gas production channel are communicated, the gas production simulation channel, the gas production channels and two adjacent gas production sections are communicated through the electric control switches, the electromagnetic valves and the precise flow meters are a plurality, one electromagnetic valve and one precise flow meter form a detection group, the number of the detection groups is consistent with that of gas ports, a detection group is arranged in each gas port, the electromagnetic valves and the gas ports are coaxially distributed, an exhaust end of each electromagnetic valve is communicated with the precise flow meters, the precise flow meters are communicated with the gas production channels, and the electric control switches, the electromagnetic valves and the precise flow meters are electrically connected with a data acquisition device.
4. The coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the gas production sections, each gas production section is communicated with at least one operation group.
5. The productivity simulation test device for the coal bed gas staged fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the gas recovery mechanism comprises a gas separation device, a precision flowmeter, a methane recovery bottle, a nitrogen recovery bottle and a pressure valve, the gas separation device is communicated with a flow guide port of the bearing cavity, and is further communicated with the at least one methane recovery bottle and the at least one nitrogen recovery bottle through flow guide branch pipes respectively, the methane recovery bottle and the nitrogen recovery bottle are connected in parallel, the flow guide branch pipes of the methane recovery bottle and the nitrogen recovery bottle, which are connected with the gas separation device, are provided with the pressure valve respectively, the precision flowmeter is arranged at the connection position of the gas separation device and the flow guide branch pipes, and the precision flowmeter and the pressure valve are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
6. The coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device is a control circuit system based on any one of an industrial computer and a PC computer, at least one of the control interfaces is connected in parallel, the control interfaces comprise at least one multi-point touch display and a control box, the multi-point touch display is electrically connected with the control box and is electrically connected with the data acquisition device through the control box, the multi-point touch display is further hinged with the upper end face of the control platform through a turntable mechanism, and an included angle of 0-90 degrees is formed between the optical axis of the multi-point touch display and the horizontal plane.
7. The coalbed methane staged fracturing horizontal well productivity simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the console is connected with the bearing rack in a sliding manner through a sliding rail, and the axis of the sliding rail forms an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the horizontal plane.
8. The use method of the device for simulating and testing the productivity of the coal bed methane staged fractured horizontal well according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assembling equipment, namely firstly preparing a coal reservoir simulation mechanism with similarity of not less than 80% to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics according to the actual coal reservoir structural characteristics of the test to be detected, then assembling a bearing platform, a power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, a gas recovery mechanism and a data acquisition device, and simultaneously connecting the data acquisition device with an external power supply system and a data communication system to complete assembly;
s2, prefabricating equipment, setting the operating pressures of the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism according to actual geological condition parameters and the requirements of the coal bed gas extraction construction process after the step S1 is completed, then conveying high-pressure air to each gas path of the power loading mechanism, the coal reservoir simulation mechanism and the gas recovery mechanism according to the set pressure values, closing each control valve to perform pressure maintaining after the high-pressure air pressure reaches a set value, keeping the pressure for not less than 30 minutes, performing subsequent operation after the pressure maintaining is completed, and returning to the step S1 to re-assemble the equipment until the pressure maintaining is successful if the pressure maintaining fails;
s3, simulation, after S2 is completed, firstly, a segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism in the coal reservoir simulation mechanism is driven to operate, each gas production section is isolated by the segmented reservoir gas output testing mechanism, simultaneously, a gas port is sealed, then, according to the action force of a geological structure, a confining pressure pump and an axial pressure pump of a power loading mechanism are driven to operate, a confining pressure bag and an axial pressure bag are driven by the confining pressure pump and the axial pressure pump to apply axial pressure and radial pressure to external similar materials of the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, the actual geological action force environment simulation is realized, meanwhile, the fracturing and seam making operation on the external similar materials and internal similar materials is further realized, after the pressure values of the confining pressure bag and the axial pressure bag are stable, a pressure pump is driven to operate, and methane gas and helium gas in each gas cylinder are pressurized by the pressure pump and then are conveyed into a bearing cavity, and with the pressure value of the methane gas and the helium gas in the bearing cavity increasing, driving the methane gas and the helium gas to permeate into gaps and material cracks of the similar material outside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by a pressure sensing sheet, operating an electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches a set value of the electromagnetic valve, opening a gas port by the electromagnetic valve, metering by a precision flowmeter, permeating into the gaps and the material cracks of the similar material inside the coal reservoir simulation mechanism, detecting the gas by the pressure sensing sheet, operating the electromagnetic valve after the pressure of the gas in the cracks reaches the set value of the electromagnetic valve, metering by the precision flowmeter after the gas port is opened by the electromagnetic valve, refluxing into a simulation channel, and when the pressure of the gas in the gas production simulation channel is greater than the set value of the pressure valve of the gas recovery mechanism, conveying the gas in the gas production simulation channel into a gas separation device of the gas recovery mechanism through a flow guide port, separating the residual gas by a gas separation device to obtain helium and methane gas again, and respectively conveying the separated helium and methane gas into a methane recovery bottle and a nitrogen recovery bottle for recovery after the separated helium and methane gas are measured by a precision flowmeter;
and S4, summarizing data, counting and summarizing pressure values detected by the pressure sensing sheets, gas yield detection values detected by the precision flowmeters at the gas ports and residual methane gas and nitrogen gas metered by the precision flowmeters in the gas recovery mechanism when the operation of the step S3 is carried out, calculating gas output of the coal sample under different permeabilities, different reservoir pressure differences and different gas contents according to the collected data, and making the relation between the pressure difference, the time and the permeability and the gas output.
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