CN111579173A - Automatic detection equipment and detection method for three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Automatic detection equipment and detection method for three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness automatic detection device of a fuel cell system and a detection method thereof, wherein the device comprises: including the gas storage device through gas storage pipeline and nitrogen cylinder intercommunication, gas storage pipeline is last to be equipped with relief pressure valve and admission valve along the direction of admitting air, the last parallelly connected pipeline of giving vent to anger of three routes that is equipped with of gas storage device corresponds with the three chambeies of fuel cell system respectively, all sets up three-way valve, flowmeter and external tapping along the direction of giving vent to anger on each pipeline of giving vent to anger, still be equipped with pressure sensor and exhaust duct on the gas storage device, be equipped with first exhaust valve on the exhaust duct, still be equipped with on each pipeline of giving vent to anger the three-way valve communicate each other, be used for detecting the detection. The device of the invention is additionally provided with the gas storage device, which can ensure the consistency of the gas pressure in three cavities of the fuel cell system, avoid the damage of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell and prolong the service life of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell system testing, in particular to automatic three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness detection equipment and a detection method for a hydrogen fuel cell system.
Background
In order to cope with international environmental problems and energy crisis, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have become a worldwide development strategy. With the popularization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, more and more problems are revealed, wherein the gas tightness and pressure maintaining detection of a fuel cell system has a plurality of problems, namely, a certain amount of gas is introduced into each chamber in the fuel cell, the pressure is maintained for a period of time, and the leakage amount of the three chambers to the atmosphere and the mutual serial amount of the chambers are detected. Traditional gas tightness pressurize detects to different fuel cell systems, its hydrogen supply way, air circuit and water route three routes pressurize pipeline and pressurizer all need be built again, when carrying out external leakage pressurize and each cavity and mutually serializing the detection time measuring, the manual repacking check-out test equipment that need not stop carries out corresponding sealed test, can't realize automatic gas tightness and detect, do not possess commonality and practicality, simultaneously because no pressure control, can't realize automatic compensation and correction, can lead to having great pressure differential between each cavity of fuel cell in the testing process, make fuel cell suffer permanent damage, influence the fuel cell life-span.
Chinese utility model patent publication No. CN205879471U discloses a fuel cell airtightness detection system, which comprises various two-way ball valves and three-way ball valves in the structure, resulting in the complicated pipeline arrangement and operation of the whole detection system. Chinese patent publication No. CN 108120568A discloses a real-time detection device for fuel cell stack gas tightness, the system is connected to 6 outlets (three inlets + three outlets) of three cavities of the stack, valves, flowmeters, pressure gauges, etc. are required to be arranged on the inlet and outlet pipelines for detecting reducing agents and oxidizing agents, and the results can be obtained even by comparing multiple parameters on the inlet and outlet pipelines for detecting leakage, which results in low detection efficiency. In addition, the above two patents have no parts, so that the air pressure is consistent when each chamber of the fuel cell is ventilated, and the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is easily damaged.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automatic three-cavity pressure-maintaining air-tightness detection device for a fuel cell system, which realizes automatic air-tightness detection and air pressure control, reduces the construction time of a pressure-maintaining test system and the time of manually operating an air-tightness detection system, improves the universality and the practicability of the detection system, is simpler and faster to operate, avoids the damage of a membrane electrode of the fuel cell, and prolongs the service life of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provide the automatic detection equipment and the detection method for the three-cavity pressure-maintaining air tightness of the fuel cell system, which have the advantages of simple structure, high universality, quickness in operation and capability of ensuring the consistent air pressure of each cavity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a three chamber pressurize gas tightness automatic checkout equipment of fuel cell system, its characterized in that, includes gas storage device, last gas storage pipeline and the nitrogen cylinder intercommunication of setting up of gas storage device, gas storage pipeline is last to be equipped with relief pressure valve and admission valve along the direction of admitting air, the last parallelly connected pipeline of giving vent to anger of three routes that is equipped with of gas storage device corresponds with three chambers of fuel cell system respectively, all sets up three-way valve, flowmeter and external tapping along the direction of giving vent to anger on each pipeline of giving vent to anger, still be equipped with pressure sensor and exhaust duct on the gas storage device, be equipped with first exhaust valve on the exhaust duct, still be equipped with on the three-way valve of each pipeline of giving vent to anger each.
Preferably, the three parallel air outlet pipelines are respectively a first air outlet pipeline, a second air outlet pipeline and a third air outlet pipeline, the first air outlet pipeline is sequentially provided with a first three-way valve, a first flowmeter and a first external interface along the air outlet direction, the second air outlet pipeline is sequentially provided with a second three-way valve, a second flowmeter and a second external interface along the air outlet direction, and the third air outlet pipeline is sequentially provided with a third three-way valve, a third flowmeter and a third external interface along the air outlet direction;
the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve are connected with a first air outlet pipeline, a second air outlet pipeline and a third air outlet pipeline through two channels, and a second exhaust valve is arranged behind the first exhaust valve on the exhaust pipeline after the detection pipeline is connected and combined with the other channel of the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve.
Further, the gas storage pipeline is provided with a gas inlet port which is correspondingly connected with the nitrogen cylinder, and the end part of the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust port which is communicated with the atmosphere.
The pressure display and control device comprises a display and a system controller, the system controller is in signal connection with the first exhaust valve, the second exhaust valve, the pressure reducing valve, the air inlet valve, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the third three-way valve, the pressure sensor, the first flowmeter, the second flowmeter and the third flowmeter, and the display is in signal connection with the system controller and used for displaying detection data of the pressure sensor, the first flowmeter, the second flowmeter and the third flowmeter.
The invention also provides a detection method of the automatic detection equipment for the three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness of the fuel cell system, which is characterized by comprising an external leakage pressure maintaining detection working mode, a hydrogen cavity and air cavity mutual serial detection working mode and an air cavity and water cavity mutual serial detection working mode;
before the operation mode is started, the sealing connection between the gas storage pipeline and the nitrogen cylinder and between the first gas outlet pipeline, the second gas outlet pipeline and the third gas outlet pipeline and the hydrogen cavity, the air cavity and the water cavity pipeline of the fuel cell are ensured respectively, and the first exhaust valve, the second exhaust valve, the pressure reducing valve and the air inlet valve are in a closed state;
the external leakage pressure maintaining detection working mode is as follows:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening an air inlet valve, slowly adjusting a pressure reducing valve, and enabling nitrogen in a nitrogen bottle to enter a gas storage device after pressure reduction; opening the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve to lead the gas storage device and the fuel cell system to be communicated to inflate each chamber; the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the gas storage device, and the gas storage device is adjusted through the pressure reducing valve and the first exhaust valveThe neutral pressure is stabilized to be a threshold value Pt；
And (3) detecting data: closing the air inlet valve and the first exhaust valve, detecting and recording the pressure value in the air storage device through the pressure sensor after the duration time is T1, adjusting the pressure reducing valve to a zero point, no air is introduced into the air storage device, opening the first exhaust valve again, exhausting the gas in the system, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and obtaining n recorded pressure values of P1 and P2 … Pn;
test result, calculating pressure difference △ P ═ Pt-(P1+P2+…Pn)/n，
If △ P is less than the set value △ PmaxThen the three-cavity external leakage detection is qualified,
if △ P is more than or equal to the set value △ PmaxAnd then the three-cavity external leakage detection is unqualified.
Preferably, the step of detecting the working mode of the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber in series comprises:
the hydrogen air cavity and the air cavity are connected in series to detect the working mode, and the steps are as follows:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening an air inlet valve, slowly adjusting a pressure reducing valve, and introducing nitrogen into a gas storage device after pressure reduction; controlling the first three-way valve to lead the gas storage device and the fuel cell system to be communicated to inflate the hydrogen cavity, and controlling the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve to lead the fuel cell system and the detection pipeline to be communicated; the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the gas storage device, and the pressure in the gas storage device is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve and the first exhaust valveH2；
And (3) detecting data: closing the first exhaust valve and opening the second exhaust valve at the same time, and detecting and recording the air flow value through the second flowmeter; adjusting the pressure reducing valve to a zero point, stopping air inflow in the air storage device, opening the first exhaust valve again, exhausting gas in the system, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and obtaining n flow values of recorded Fair1 and Fair2 … Fairn;
and (4) testing results: calculating the average flow value Fair ═ (Fair1+ Fair2+ … Fairn)/n,
if Fair is less than the set value FairmaxThen represents hydrogenThe air cavity and the air cavity are mutually connected and detected to be qualified, and if Fair is larger than or equal to a set value FairmaxAnd the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity are mutually tested in series to be unqualified.
Preferably, the working mode of the air cavity and the water cavity mutually connected in series is as follows:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening an air inlet valve, slowly adjusting a pressure reducing valve, and introducing nitrogen into a gas storage device after pressure reduction; controlling the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable the gas storage device to be communicated with the fuel cell system to inflate the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity, and controlling the third three-way valve to enable the fuel cell system to be communicated with the detection pipeline; the pressure sensor detects the pressure in the gas storage device, and the pressure in the gas storage device is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve and the first exhaust valvet；
And (3) detecting data: closing the first exhaust valve and opening the second exhaust valve at the same time, and detecting and recording the waterway flow value through a third flowmeter; adjusting the pressure reducing valve to a zero point, stopping air inflow in the air storage device, opening the first exhaust valve again, exhausting the air in the system, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and obtaining n recorded flow values of Fwt1 and Fwt2 … Fwtn;
and (4) testing results: the calculated average flow Fwt is (Fwt1+ Fwt2+ … Fwtn)/n,
if Fwt < the set value FwtmaxThen the detection of the air cavity and the water cavity is qualified,
if Fwt is more than or equal to the set value FwtmaxAnd then the detection of the air cavity and the water cavity which are mutually connected in series is unqualified.
Further, the pressure in the gas storage device is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value PtThe specific operation is as follows: the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor is compared with a threshold value PtComparing when the pressure value is lower than the threshold value PtWhen the pressure is needed, the pressure reducing valve is adjusted to pressurize; when the pressure value is higher than the threshold value PtWhen the pressure is reduced, the first exhaust valve is opened to reduce the pressure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device can adapt to different fuel cell system pipeline interfaces, pipelines and devices, an air circuit, a hydrogen circuit and a water circuit do not need to be distinguished, the device can be connected to the hydrogen, air and water three cavities of the fuel cell system at will, meanwhile, the air tightness detection pipeline and the device do not need to be built and changed on a test site, and the universality and the practicability of the system are improved. Besides detecting the air tightness of three cavities of the fuel electric stack, the air tightness of inlet and outlet pipelines of three cavities of the fuel electric system is also detected.
2. The fuel cell system can automatically detect air tightness and control air pressure, the building time of a pressure maintaining test system and the time of manually operating the air tightness detection equipment are reduced, the operation is simpler and faster, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell can be prevented from being damaged through pressure control, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
3. The system is additionally provided with a gas storage device, so that the consistency of the gas pressure in three cavities of the fuel cell system can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-chamber pressure-maintaining air-tightness detection device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is an electrical connection diagram of a three-chamber pressure-maintaining air-tightness detection device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction in the external leakage pressure-holding detection mode
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the gas flow direction in the hydrogen chamber and air chamber series detection mode
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the gas flow direction in the working mode of the air cavity and water cavity series detection
Wherein: 1-nitrogen cylinder 2-pressure reducing valve 3-air inlet valve 4-pressure sensor 5-gas storage device 6-gas outlet pipe (61-first gas outlet pipe 62-second gas outlet pipe 63-third gas outlet pipe) 7-three-way valve (71-first three-way valve 72-second three-way valve 73-third three-way valve) 8-flowmeter (81-first flowmeter 82-second flowmeter 83-third flowmeter) 9-external interface (91-first external interface 92-second external interface 93-third external interface) 10-detection pipe 11-display 12-system controller 13-fuel cell system 14-gas storage pipe 15-exhaust pipe 16-exhaust port 17-air inlet port 601-first exhaust valve 602 -a second exhaust valve.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides an automatic three-cavity pressure-maintaining air tightness detection device for a hydrogen fuel cell system, which comprises a gas storage device 5, wherein a gas storage pipeline 14 is arranged on the gas storage device 5 and communicated with a nitrogen gas cylinder 1, a pressure reducing valve 2 and an air inlet valve 3 are arranged on the gas storage pipeline 14 along an air inlet direction, three parallel air outlet pipelines 6 arranged on the gas storage device 5 respectively correspond to three cavities of a fuel cell system 13, a three-way valve 7, a flowmeter 8 and an external port 9 are arranged on each air outlet pipeline 6 along the air outlet direction of the gas storage device 5, a pressure sensor 4 and an air outlet pipeline 15 are further arranged on the gas storage device 5, a first air outlet valve 601 is arranged on the air outlet pipeline 15, and a detection pipeline 10 which is communicated with each other and used for detecting leakage between cavities of the fuel.
The three parallel gas outlet pipelines 6 are respectively a first gas outlet pipeline 61, a second gas outlet pipeline 62 and a third gas outlet pipeline 63, a first three-way valve 71, a first flowmeter 81 and a first external interface 91 are sequentially arranged on the first gas outlet pipeline 61 along the gas outlet direction of the gas storage device 5, a second three-way valve 72, a second flowmeter 82 and a second external interface 92 are sequentially arranged on the second gas outlet pipeline 62 along the gas outlet direction, and a third three-way valve 73, a third flowmeter 83 and a third external interface 93 are sequentially arranged on the third gas outlet pipeline 63 along the gas outlet direction; the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72 and the third three-way valve 73 are respectively connected with the first air outlet pipeline 61, the second air outlet pipeline 62 and the third air outlet pipeline 63 through two channels, and the other channel of the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72 and the third three-way valve 73 is connected and combined through the detection pipeline 10 and then is provided with a second exhaust valve 602 which leads to the rear of the first exhaust valve 601 on the exhaust pipeline 15. In this embodiment, the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72, and the third three-way valve 73 are two-position three-way solenoid valves, two of the three passages must be opened, and one of the three passages is closed, and the three passages of the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72, and the third three-way valve 73 are all passage 1, passage 2, and passage 3. The first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72 and the third three-way valve 73 are respectively connected with the first air outlet pipeline 61, the second air outlet pipeline 62 and the third air outlet pipeline 63 through the channels 1 and 2, and the channels 3 of the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72 and the third three-way valve 73 are connected and combined to the exhaust pipeline 15 through the detection pipeline 10. The front and back directions in this embodiment are the air flow directions on the pipeline.
The device further comprises a pressure display and control device, the pressure display and control device comprises a display 11 and a system controller 12, the system controller 12 is in signal connection with the first exhaust valve 601, the second exhaust valve 601, the pressure reducing valve 2, the air inlet valve 3, the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72, the third three-way valve 73, the pressure sensor 4, the first flow meter 81, the second flow meter 82 and the third flow meter 83, the display 11 is in signal connection with the system controller 12, and the display 11 is used for displaying detection data of the pressure sensor 4, the first flow meter 81, the second flow meter 82 and the third flow meter 83. The system controller 12 is configured to control the open/close states of the first exhaust valve 601, the second exhaust valve 601, the pressure reducing valve 2, the intake valve 3, the first three-way valve 71, the second three-way valve 72, and the third three-way valve 73, and the system controller 12 records and processes the measurement results of the pressure sensor 4, the first flow meter 81, the second flow meter 82, and the third flow meter 83 as necessary.
The end of the exhaust pipe 15 is provided with an exhaust port 16, and the gas storage pipe 14 is provided with a gas inlet port 17 communicated with the nitrogen cylinder 1. The equipment of the embodiment has five interfaces: an intake port 17, a first external interface 91, a second external interface 92, a third external interface 93, and an exhaust port 16. The input end of the air inlet port 17 is connected with an external nitrogen cylinder 1 to provide air tightness and pressure maintaining gas for the whole system, and the first external interface 91 corresponds to a hydrogen loop pipeline of the fuel cell system 13 and is used for detecting the tightness of the hydrogen loop; the second external interface 92 corresponds to an air loop pipeline of the fuel cell system 13 and is used for detecting the air tightness of the air loop; the third external interface 93 corresponds to a cooling water channel pipeline of the fuel cell system 13, and is used for detecting the airtightness of the cooling water channel. The first external interface 91, the second external interface 92 and the third external interface 93 are provided with pipe diameter conversion interfaces with different pipe diameters, can be adapted to pipelines with different pipe diameters of the fuel cell system 13, simultaneously do not need to distinguish an air path, a hydrogen path and a water path, can be randomly connected to three hydrogen chambers, air chambers and water chambers of the fuel cell system 13, and have strong universality. The exhaust port 16 is connected to the atmosphere outside the system for excess gas venting.
And gas enters the gas inlet valve 3 after passing through the secondary pressure reducing valve 2, and the pressure reducing valve 2 is mainly used for reducing pressure of high-pressure nitrogen in the nitrogen cylinder 1, adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure nitrogen and supplying the high-pressure nitrogen to the fuel cell system 13 for gas tightness test so as to prevent the fuel cell stack from being damaged due to overlarge gas pressure. The intake valve 3 mainly controls the intake circuit opening and closing.
And the gas storage device 5 is mainly used for ensuring the consistency of the gas pressures of the three cavities of the hydrogen gas path, the air path and the water path. The first three-way valve 71 is mainly used for nitrogen to enter a hydrogen cavity after opening the channel 1 and the channel 2, the channel 2 and the channel 3 are mainly used for gas in the hydrogen cavity to exhaust atmosphere after opening the channel 1 and the channel 2, the second three-way valve 72 is mainly used for nitrogen to enter the air cavity after opening the channel 1 and the channel 2, the channel 2 and the channel 3 are mainly used for gas in the air cavity to exhaust atmosphere after opening the channel 1 and the channel 2, the third three-way valve 73 is mainly used for nitrogen to enter a water cavity after opening the channel 1 and the channel 2, and the channel 2 and the channel 3 are mainly used for gas.
A pressure sensor 4 for monitoring the pressure in the gas storage 5, when the pressure in the gas storage 5 does not reach a threshold value PtWhile the pressure in the gas storage device 5 is increased by adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2, if the pressure value exceeds the threshold value PtMeanwhile, the first exhaust valve 601 is opened to discharge the excess gas, so that the pressure is controlled within a certain range. The pressure of the three chambers of the hydrogen gas path, the air path and the water path of the fuel cell system is ensured to be in a proper range, and the damage condition of the fuel cell caused by overlarge pressure can not occur.
The first flow meter 81, the second flow meter 82, and the third flow meter 83 are mainly used for monitoring the gas flow rate values in the respective chamber circuits.
In the air pressure display and control device, the display 11 can display the air pressure value in the air storage device 5, so that an operator can conveniently check the air pressure at any time, wherein the control device 12 controls each component of the three-cavity pressure-maintaining air tightness automatic detection equipment of the whole fuel cell system to work coordinately.
The invention also provides a detection method of the automatic detection equipment for the three-cavity pressure maintaining air tightness of the fuel cell system, which comprises an external leakage pressure maintaining detection working mode, a hydrogen cavity and air cavity mutual serial detection working mode and an air cavity and water cavity mutual serial detection working mode;
before each working mode is started, the sealing connection between the gas storage pipeline 14 and the nitrogen cylinder 1 and between the first gas outlet pipeline 61, the second gas outlet pipeline 62 and the third gas outlet pipeline 63 and the pipeline of the hydrogen chamber, the air chamber and the water chamber of the fuel cell are respectively ensured, and the first exhaust valve 601, the second exhaust valve 601, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the air inlet valve 3 are in a closed state.
The method comprises a first mode and an external leakage pressure maintaining detection working mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: the system is initialized, the counter is cleared and opened,
step 2: opening the air inlet valve 3, slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2, and enabling the nitrogen in the nitrogen cylinder 1 to enter the gas storage device 5 after reducing the pressure;
and step 3: opening channels 1 and 2 of a first three-way valve 71, channels 1 and 2 of a second three-way valve 72 and channels 1 and 2 of a third three-way valve 73, and inflating all chambers, wherein the airflow directions on three air outlet pipelines are shown in FIG. 3;
and 4, step 4: the pressure sensor 4 is used for detecting the pressure value in the gas storage device 5, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the first exhaust valve 601 are used for adjusting the pressure in the gas storage device 5 to be stabilized to be a threshold value Pt (maximum allowable pressure value of the galvanic pile), and the operation is specifically to combine the pressure value of the pressure sensor 4 with the threshold value PtComparing when the pressure value is lower than the threshold value PtWhile regulating the pressure relief valve 2 to pressurize, when the pressure value is higher than the threshold value PtWhen the first exhaust valve 601 is opened to reduce pressure, the system can adopt a PID algorithm to realize pressure control, but is not limited to the PID algorithm;
and 5: closing the air inlet valve 3 and the first exhaust valve 601, after the duration of T1, detecting and recording the pressure value in the air storage device 5 through the pressure sensor 4, and counting once by using a counter;
step 6: adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2 to a zero point, opening the first exhaust valve 601 again, exhausting the gas in the system, and reducing the pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure;
and 7: repeating the steps 2-6 for n times (n is a positive integer and can be set by a user), and acquiring and recording n pressure values of P1 and P2 … Pn detected by the pressure sensor 4;
step 8, calculating pressure difference △ P ═Pt- (P1+ P2+ … Pn)/n, set value △ P in the present embodimentmaxThe pressure of the water is 10kPa,
if the delta P is less than 10kPa, the three-cavity external leakage detection is qualified, the external sealing performance of each cavity of the fuel cell stack is good,
if the delta P is larger than or equal to 10kPa, the three-cavity external leakage detection is unqualified, and an alarm is given to a system.
And a second mode: hydrogen cavity and air cavity series detection working mode
Step 1: the system is initialized, the counter is cleared and opened,
step 2: opening the air inlet valve 3, slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2, and enabling the nitrogen in the nitrogen cylinder 1 to enter the gas storage device 5 after reducing the pressure;
and step 3: opening channels 1 and 2 of the first three-way valve 71, channels 2 and 3 of the second three-way valve 72 and channels 2 and 3 of the third three-way valve 73 to allow the nitrogen to fill the whole hydrogen chamber;
and 4, step 4: the pressure sensor 4 detects the pressure value in the gas storage device 5, and the pressure in the gas storage device 5 is regulated to be stabilized to be the threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the first exhaust valve 601H2(the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber maximum pressure difference, which is set to 50kPa in the present embodiment); the specific operation is to measure the pressure value in the gas storage device 5 measured by the pressure sensor 4 and the threshold value PH2Comparing when the pressure value is lower than the threshold value PH2While regulating the pressure relief valve 2 to pressurize, when the pressure value is higher than the threshold value PH2When the first exhaust valve 601 is opened to reduce pressure, the system can adopt a PID algorithm to realize pressure control but is not limited to the PID algorithm;
and 5: closing the first exhaust valve 601 and opening the second exhaust valve 602, wherein the airflow directions on the three exhaust pipelines are shown in fig. 4, the flow value of the air path is detected and recorded through the second flowmeter 82, and the counter counts once;
step 6: adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2 to a zero point, opening the first exhaust valve 601 again, exhausting the gas in the system, and reducing the pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure;
and 7: repeating the steps 2-6 for a total of n times (n is a positive integer and can be set by a user), and acquiring and recording n air path flow values of Fair1 and Fair2 … Fairn detected by the second flow meter 82;
and 8: the average flow rate Fair ═ is calculated (Fair1+ Fair2+ … Fair)/n, and Fair is set in this embodimentmaxThe concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is 145ml/min,
if Fair is less than 145ml/min, it represents that the hydrogen gas cavity and the air cavity are qualified by the mutual serial detection, the membrane sealing performance of the fuel cell stack is intact,
if Fair is more than or equal to 145ml/min, the detection result represents that the hydrogen gas cavity and the air cavity are mutually connected in series and unqualified, and an alarm is given to the system.
And in the third mode, the working modes of the mutual serial detection of the air cavity and the water cavity are as follows:
step 1: the system is initialized, the counter is cleared and opened,
step 2: opening the air inlet valve 3, slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2, and enabling the nitrogen in the nitrogen cylinder 1 to enter the gas storage device 5 after reducing the pressure;
and step 3: opening the channels 1 and 2 of the first three-way valve 71, the channels 1 and 2 of the second three-way valve 72 and the channels 2 and 3 of the third three-way valve 73 to allow the nitrogen to fill the whole hydrogen chamber;
and 4, step 4: the pressure in the gas storage device 5 is regulated to be stabilized to a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve 2 and the first exhaust valve 601t(maximum stack allowed pressure value); the specific operation is to measure the pressure value in the gas storage device 5 measured by the pressure sensor 4 and the threshold value PtComparing when the pressure value is lower than the threshold value PtWhile regulating the pressure relief valve 2 to pressurize, when the pressure value is higher than the threshold value PtWhen the first exhaust valve 601 is opened to reduce pressure, the system can adopt a PID algorithm to realize pressure control but is not limited to the PID algorithm;
and 5: simultaneously closing the first exhaust valve 601 and opening the second exhaust valve 602, wherein the airflow directions on the three exhaust pipelines are shown in fig. 5, the waterway flow value is detected and recorded through the third flowmeter 83, and the counter counts once;
step 6: adjusting the pressure reducing valve 2 to a zero point, opening the first exhaust valve 601 again, exhausting the gas in the device, and reducing the gas pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure;
and 7: repeating the steps 2-6 for a total of n times (n is a positive integer and can be set by a user), and acquiring and recording n flow values of Fwt1 and Fwt2 … Fwtn detected by the third flow meter 83;
and 8: the calculated average flow Fwt is (Fwt1+ Fwt2+ … Fwtn)/n, and the set value Fwt of this embodiment ismaxThe concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is 10ml/min,
if Fwt is less than 10ml/min, it represents that the air cavity and the water cavity are qualified by the mutual serial detection, the sealing performance of the fuel cell stack bipolar plate and the sealing gasket is intact,
if Fwt is more than or equal to 10ml/min, it represents that the air cavity and the water cavity are in series connection and the detection is unqualified, and the system is alarmed.
The system controller 12 can set that the fuel cell system 13 automatically enters the second mode after the first mode is completed, and then the third mode is performed, so that the air tightness detection of the whole fuel cell system 13 is directly completed.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic detection device for three-cavity pressure-maintaining air tightness of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising an air storage device (5), the gas storage device (5) is provided with a gas storage pipeline (14) communicated with the nitrogen cylinder (1), a pressure reducing valve (2) and an air inlet valve (3) are arranged on the air storage pipeline (14) along the air inlet direction, three air outlet pipelines (6) which are connected in parallel are arranged on the air storage device (5) and respectively correspond to three cavities of a fuel cell system (13), a three-way valve (7), a flowmeter (8) and an external interface (9) are arranged on each air outlet pipeline (6) along the air outlet direction, the gas storage device (5) is also provided with a pressure sensor (4) and an exhaust pipeline (15), and a first exhaust valve (601) is arranged on the exhaust pipeline (15), and a detection pipeline (10) which is communicated with each other and used for detecting leakage between chambers of the fuel cell system is also arranged on the three-way valve (7) of each exhaust pipeline (6).
2. The three-cavity pressure-maintaining air-tightness automatic detection device of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the three parallel air outlet pipes (6) are a first air outlet pipe (61), a second air outlet pipe (62), and a third air outlet pipe (63), respectively, the first air outlet pipe (61) is provided with a first three-way valve (71), a first flow meter (81), and a first external interface (91) in sequence along the air outlet direction, the second air outlet pipe (62) is provided with a second three-way valve (72), a second flow meter (82), and a second external interface (92) in sequence along the air outlet direction, and the third air outlet pipe (63) is provided with a third three-way valve (73), a third flow meter (83), and a third external interface (93) in sequence along the air outlet direction;
first three-way valve (71), second three-way valve (72), third three-way valve (73) are wherein two passageways and first pipeline (61), the second pipeline (62), the third pipeline (63) of giving vent to anger and are connected, detection pipeline (10) set up second discharge valve (602) and lead to behind first discharge valve (601) on exhaust duct (15) after combining another passageway connection of first three-way valve (71), second three-way valve (72), third three-way valve (73).
3. The three-cavity pressure-maintaining air-tightness automatic detection device of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein an air inlet port (17) is arranged on the air storage pipeline (14) and is correspondingly connected with the nitrogen cylinder (1), and an air outlet port (16) is arranged at the end of the air outlet pipe (15) and is communicated with the atmosphere.
4. The three-chamber pressure-maintaining airtightness automatic detection apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a pressure display and control device, the pressure display and control device comprising a display (11) and a system controller (12), the system controller (12) being in signal connection with the first exhaust valve (601), the second exhaust valve (601), the pressure reducing valve (2), the intake valve (3), the first three-way valve (71), the second three-way valve (72), the third three-way valve (73), the pressure sensor (4), the first flow meter (81), the second flow meter (82), and the third flow meter (83), the display (11) being in signal connection with the system controller (12) for displaying detection data of the pressure sensor (4), the first flow meter (81), the second flow meter (82), and the third flow meter (83).
5. A testing method of the three-chamber pressure-maintaining airtightness automatic testing apparatus for the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising an external leakage pressure-maintaining testing operation mode, a hydrogen gas chamber and air chamber series testing operation mode, and an air chamber and water chamber series testing operation mode;
before the working mode is started, the gas storage pipeline (14) and the nitrogen cylinder (1) as well as the first gas outlet pipeline (61), the second gas outlet pipeline (62) and the third gas outlet pipeline (63) are respectively in sealing connection with a hydrogen cavity, an air cavity and a water cavity pipeline of the fuel cell, and the first exhaust valve (601), the second exhaust valve (602), the pressure reducing valve (2) and the air inlet valve (3) are in a closed state;
the external leakage pressure maintaining detection working mode is as follows:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening the air inlet valve (3), slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2), and reducing the pressure of the nitrogen in the nitrogen cylinder (1) and then entering the gas storage device (5); controlling a first three-way valve (71), a second three-way valve (72) and a third three-way valve (73) to lead the gas storage device (5) and the fuel cell system to be communicated to charge each chamber; the pressure sensor (4) detects the pressure in the gas storage device (5), and the pressure in the gas storage device (5) is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve (2) and the first exhaust valve (601)t；
And (3) detecting data: closing the air inlet valve (3) and the first air outlet valve (601), after the duration time is T1, detecting and recording the pressure value in the air storage device (5) through the pressure sensor (4), adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2) to the zero point, no air is introduced into the air storage device (5), opening the first air outlet valve (601) again, discharging the gas in the equipment, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and obtaining the recorded P1, P2 … Pn and n pressure values;
test result, calculating pressure difference △ P ═ Pt-(P1+P2+…Pn)/n，
If △ P is less than the set value △ PmaxThen the three-cavity external leakage detection is qualified,
if △ P is more than or equal to the set value △ PmaxAnd then the three-cavity external leakage detection is unqualified.
6. The method for detecting the three-cavity pressure-maintaining airtightness automatic detection apparatus for the fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the mutually serially detecting operation mode steps of the hydrogen gas cavity and the air cavity are:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening the air inlet valve (3), slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2), and introducing the nitrogen into the air storage device (5) after reducing the pressure; the first three-way valve (71) is controlled to lead the gas storage device (5) and the fuel cell system to be communicated to inflate the hydrogen cavity, and the control is carried outThe second three-way valve (72) and the third three-way valve (73) lead the fuel cell system to be communicated with the detection pipeline (10); the pressure sensor (4) detects the pressure in the gas storage device (5), and the pressure in the gas storage device (5) is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve (2) and the first exhaust valve (601)H2；
And (3) detecting data: closing the first exhaust valve (601), opening the second exhaust valve (602), and detecting and recording an air path flow value through a second flowmeter (82); adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2) to a zero point, no air is fed into the air storage device (5), opening the first exhaust valve (601) again, exhausting the air in the equipment, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and obtaining n recorded flow values of Fair1 and Fair2 … Fairn;
and (4) testing results: calculating the average flow value Fair ═ (Fair1+ Fair2+ … Fairn)/n,
if Fair is less than the set value FairmaxThen the detection of the hydrogen gas cavity and the air cavity is qualified,
if Fair is more than or equal to the set value FairmaxAnd the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity are mutually tested in series to be unqualified.
7. The method of detecting a three-chamber pressure-maintaining airtightness automatic detection apparatus for a fuel cell system according to claim 5,
the working mode of the mutual serial detection of the air cavity and the water cavity is as follows:
inflation and pressure regulation: opening the air inlet valve (3), slowly adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2), and introducing the nitrogen into the air storage device (5) after reducing the pressure; controlling a first three-way valve (71) and a second three-way valve (72) to lead the gas storage device (5) and the fuel cell system to be communicated to charge the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber, and controlling a third three-way valve (73) to lead the fuel cell system and the detection pipeline (10) to be communicated; the pressure sensor (4) detects the pressure in the gas storage device (5), and the pressure in the gas storage device (5) is regulated to be stabilized to be a threshold value P through the pressure reducing valve (2) and the first exhaust valve (601)t；
And (3) detecting data: simultaneously closing the first exhaust valve (601), opening the second exhaust valve (602), and detecting and recording a waterway flow value through a third flowmeter (83); adjusting the pressure reducing valve (2) to a zero point, no air enters the air storage device (5), opening the first exhaust valve (601) again, exhausting the air in the system, reducing the air pressure in the galvanic pile to be consistent with the atmospheric pressure, repeating the steps for n times, and acquiring n recorded flow values of Fwt1 and Fwt2 … Fwtn;
and (4) testing results: the calculated average flow Fwt is (Fwt1+ Fwt2+ … Fwtn)/n,
if Fwt < the set value FwtmaxThen the detection of the air cavity and the water cavity is qualified,
if Fwt is more than or equal to the set value FwtmaxAnd then the detection of the air cavity and the water cavity which are mutually connected in series is unqualified.
8. The method for detecting the three-chamber pressure-maintaining airtightness automatic detection apparatus of the fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the pressure in the gas storage device (5) is regulated to be stabilized at the threshold value PtThe specific operation is as follows: the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor (4) is compared with a threshold value PtComparing when the pressure value is lower than the threshold value PtWhen the pressure is needed, the pressure reducing valve (2) is adjusted to pressurize; when the pressure value is higher than the threshold value PtWhen the pressure is reduced, the first exhaust valve (601) is opened to reduce the pressure.
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| CN113447835A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-28 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Test evaluation method for reliability of fuel cell system |
| CN113884253A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 潍柴巴拉德氢能科技有限公司 | Air tightness detection method, equipment and system |
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