CN114608766B - Fuel cell air tightness detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell air tightness detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114608766B CN114608766B CN202210512323.3A CN202210512323A CN114608766B CN 114608766 B CN114608766 B CN 114608766B CN 202210512323 A CN202210512323 A CN 202210512323A CN 114608766 B CN114608766 B CN 114608766B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell air tightness detection device and a detection method thereof, and the fuel cell air tightness detection device comprises an air filter, a pressure regulating valve I, a pressure regulating valve II, a pressure sensor P0, a pressure sensor P1, a pressure sensor P2, a three-way joint, a flowmeter, a one-way valve, a differential pressure type leak detector and a silencer; the number of the silencers is 3, and the silencers are respectively connected on a hydrogen outlet, an air outlet and a water outlet of the fuel cell stack in series; the one-way valve is connected with an inlet of a three-cavity of the fuel cell and used for ensuring that gas can only flow in one direction, the one-way valve is sequentially connected with the flowmeter, the pressure sensor P0, the pressure regulating valve I and the air filter in series, the pressure regulating valve I is used for regulating the air inlet pressure of a tested piece, and the air filter is connected with an external air source; the pressure regulating valve II is used for regulating the air inlet pressure of the differential pressure type leak detector; the invention can realize full-automatic one-key detection of all leakage conditions of the fuel cell stack by applying an automatic control principle, thereby greatly improving the leakage detection efficiency of a production line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell airtightness detection, in particular to a fuel cell airtightness detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell is also called proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and is filled with H 2 And O in air 2 The electrochemical reaction is carried out under the acceleration of the catalyst to generate electric energy, and the only emission is H 2 O, has the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, light weight and extremely high yieldHas development potential and application prospect; hydrogen gas, as a fuel of a hydrogen fuel cell, has the characteristics of flammability and explosiveness, and particularly in a closed space, even if a small hydrogen leakage occurs, a great disaster may be caused.
Most of the existing fuel cell air tightness detection devices on the market adopt a pressure maintaining method, also called a pressure drop method or a flow meter method, and only one detection method is adopted, so that the detection of the detected piece from a fuel cell single cell, a single cell assembly to a short-stack and high-power cell stack leakage grade cannot be detected. For example, in patent publications CN 111579173B and CN 112304532A, only a flowmeter is used as a component for detecting the leakage rate, and the specification of the flowmeter cannot be changed once it is determined, so the leak detection range is greatly limited.
Except for a fuel cell stack with a single application scene and incapable of detecting various leakage levels, the measurement result of the existing patent is not accurate enough, such as the novel patent CN 208208885U, when leakage of two cavities of a fuel cell is detected, such as the leakage rate of a hydrogen cavity channeling cavity and a cavity channeling water cavity, gas with the same pressure intensity cannot be independently introduced into a third cavity, and therefore the measurement result is smaller; utility model patent CN 205879471U has adopted the flowmeter of two kinds of specifications, nevertheless will certainly cause the testing result inaccurate according to letting out the flowmeter size selection during the leak hunting, and the unable fuel cell's of detecting two chambeies blowby circumstances of this patent.
The existing invention patent can not meet various requirements in practical use, so that improved technology is urgently needed in the market to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects and provides a fuel cell air tightness detection device and a detection method thereof, which have the advantages of reasonable structure, convenience in use, accurate measurement result, capability of accurately measuring all leakage conditions of single cells, assemblies and cell stacks of a fuel cell, capability of eliminating noise during emptying, wide application range and capability of effectively solving the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a fuel cell air tightness detection device and its detection method, include a fuel cell air tightness detection device, the device includes air cleaner, pressure regulating valve I, pressure regulating valve II, pressure sensor P0, pressure sensor P1, pressure sensor P2, three way connection, flowmeter, check valve, differential pressure leak detector and muffler, the said muffler sets up to 3, the muffler is connected in series on hydrogen cavity outlet, cavity outlet and water cavity outlet of the fuel cell stack through two-way electromagnetic valve SV11, two-way electromagnetic valve SV12, two-way electromagnetic valve SV13 separately, the check valve (9) is used for guaranteeing the gas can only flow to the fuel cell unidirectionally, through two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, two-way electromagnetic valve SV9, two-way electromagnetic valve SV10 and hydrogen cavity inlet, water cavity inlet connection, the check valve connects in series with flowmeter, two-way electromagnetic valve SV3, pressure sensor P0, pressure regulating valve I and air cleaner sequentially, the pressure regulating valve I is used for regulating the air inlet pressure of a tested piece, the air filter is connected with an external air source, the pressure regulating valve I, the pressure sensor P0, the two-way solenoid valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P1 are sequentially connected in series and are connected with the hydrogen cavity inlet, the cavity inlet and the water cavity inlet of the fuel cell through the two-way solenoid valve SV8, the two-way solenoid valve SV9 and the two-way solenoid valve SV10, a pipeline where the two-way solenoid valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P1 are located is connected in parallel with a pipeline where the two-way solenoid valve SV13, the flow meter and the check valve are located, the two parallel pipelines are connected with the hydrogen cavity inlet, the cavity inlet and the water cavity inlet of the fuel cell through the two-way solenoid valve SV8, the two-way solenoid valve SV9 and the two-way solenoid valve SV10, the right side test interface of the differential pressure leak detector is connected with the hydrogen cavity inlet, the cavity inlet and the water cavity inlet of the fuel cell stack through the three-way joint, the pressure sensor P0 and the pressure sensor P2 are sequentially connected with the left side test interface of the differential pressure leak detector, a pressure sensor P2 and a pipeline where a differential pressure type leak detector is arranged are connected in parallel with a pipeline where a two-way electromagnetic valve SV2, a pressure sensor P1, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and a two-way electromagnetic valve SV10 are arranged; the pressure regulating valve I and the pressure regulating valve II are arranged in parallel, an air source interface of the differential pressure type leak detector is connected with the air filter through the pressure regulating valve II, the pressure regulating valve II is used for regulating the air source pressure of the differential pressure type leak detector, and the pressure regulating valve II keeps normally open after the air source pressure is regulated; the two-way electromagnetic valve SV4 is arranged at two ends of a pressure sensor P2 and a right test interface of the differential pressure leak detector, the three-way joint is a pneumatic three-way joint and is normally closed at ordinary times, and the two-way electromagnetic valve controls the opening and closing of the three-way joint and is normally closed; the method comprises a pressure drop method, a flowmeter method and a differential pressure method, wherein the pressure drop method is suitable for industrial mass production type high-power galvanic piles and industrial equipment with large leakage; the flowmeter method is suitable for mass production type low-power galvanic piles, laboratory instruments and small-leakage instrument equipment; the differential pressure method is suitable for leakage detection of laboratory-grade monocells, assemblies thereof and pressure vessel precision instruments; the differential pressure method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV10, when a pressure sensor P0 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, and reading a value on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s to obtain the leakage rate;
step two: the cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV10, and when the pressure sensor P0 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading the value on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s to obtain the leakage rate;
step three: the water cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV7, SV8 and SV9, when a pressure sensor P0 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, and reading a value on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s to obtain the leakage rate;
step four: and (3) leaking out of three cavities, opening SV1, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I, setting 210kPa, and starting a test: opening SV5, SV6 and SV7, and reading a value on the differential pressure leak detector after 60 seconds when the pressure sensor P0 displays that 210kPa lasts for 60 seconds to obtain the leak rate;
step five: the hydrogen cavity is led into the cavity, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV5, SV10 and SV12, closing SV12 when the pressure sensor P1 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading the value on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting the value of the leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity channeling cavity;
step six: and (3) opening an SV1 in a hydrogen cavity channeling cavity, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I, setting 50kPa, and starting a test: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV13, when a pressure sensor P1 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity water channeling cavity;
step seven: the cavity scurrying chamber, open SV1, adjust pressure regulating valve I, set 50kPa, begin the test: and opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV13, when the pressure sensor P1 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading the value on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting the value of the cavity leakage in the step two to obtain the leakage rate of the cavity water channeling cavity.
Furthermore, the pipeline connected with the three-cavity inlet of the fuel cell stack and the three-way joint is a stainless steel pipe, and the rest of the pipelines are hard hoses.
Furthermore, the pressure regulating valve I and the pressure regulating valve II are provided with a digital pressure gauge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has reasonable structure, convenient use and accurate measurement result, can accurately measure all leakage conditions of single cells, assemblies and cell stacks of the fuel cell, and can eliminate noise when a pipeline is exhausted. The invention has wide application range and can realize full-automatic one-key detection of all leakage conditions of the fuel cell stack, thereby greatly improving the leakage detection efficiency of a production line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 air filter, 2 pressure regulating valve I, 3 pressure regulating valve II, 4 pressure sensor P0, 5 pressure sensor P1, 6 pressure sensor P2, 7 three-way joint, 8 flowmeter, 9 one-way valve, 10 differential pressure leak detector and 11 silencer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a fuel cell air tightness detection device and a detection method thereof comprise the fuel cell air tightness detection device, the device comprises an air filter 1, a pressure regulating valve I2, a pressure regulating valve II 3, a pressure sensor P04, a pressure sensor P15, a pressure sensor P26, a three-way joint 7, a flowmeter 8, a one-way valve 9, a differential pressure leak detector 10 and a silencer 11, wherein 3 silencers 11 are arranged, the silencers 11 are respectively connected in series with the outlet of a hydrogen cavity, the outlet of a cavity and the outlet of a water cavity of a fuel cell stack through a two-way electromagnetic valve SV11, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV12 and a two-way electromagnetic valve SV13, the one-way valve (9) is used for ensuring that gas can only flow in one direction to the fuel cell, and is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen cavity, the inlet of the cavity and the water cavity of the fuel cell through a two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and an SV10, and the one-way electromagnetic valve SV 369 is connected with the flowmeter 8 and the SV3, The pressure sensor P04, the pressure regulating valve I2 and the air filter 1 are connected in series in sequence, the pressure regulating valve I2 is used for regulating the air inlet pressure of a tested part, the air filter 1 is connected with an external air source, the pressure regulating valve I2, the pressure sensor P04, the two-way solenoid valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P15 are connected in series in sequence and are connected with the inlet of a conical hydrogen cavity, the inlet of a cavity and the inlet of a water cavity of a fuel cell through the two-way solenoid valve SV8, the two-way solenoid valve SV9 and the two-way solenoid valve SV10, a pipeline where the two-way solenoid valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P15 are located is connected with the inlet of the conical hydrogen cavity, the inlet of the cavity and the inlet of the water cavity in parallel, a pipeline where the two-way solenoid valve SV13, the flowmeter 8 and the check valve 9 are located, the two parallel pipelines are connected with the inlet of the hydrogen cavity, the inlet of the cavity and the water cavity of the fuel cell through the two-way solenoid valve SV8, the two-way solenoid valve SV9 and SV10, a right test interface of the differential pressure leak detector 10 is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell through a three-way joint 7, the pressure regulating valve I2, the pressure sensor P04 and the pressure sensor P26 are sequentially connected with a left side test interface of the differential pressure type leak detector 10, and a pipeline where the pressure sensor P26 and the differential pressure type leak detector 10 are located is connected with a pipeline where the two-way solenoid valve SV2, the pressure sensor P15, the two-way solenoid valve SV8, the two-way solenoid valve SV9 and the two-way solenoid valve SV10 are located in parallel; the two-way electromagnetic valve SV1, the air filter 1, the pressure regulating valve II 3 and the three-way joint 7 are respectively provided with a two-way electromagnetic valve SV5-SV7 and a three-way joint 7 which are sequentially connected, the two-way electromagnetic valve SV5-SV7 is used for controlling the opening and closing of each air path of the three-way joint 7, the pressure regulating valve I2 and the pressure regulating valve II 3 are arranged in parallel, an air source interface of the differential pressure type leak detector 10 is connected with the air filter 1 through the pressure regulating valve II 3, the pressure regulating valve II 3 is used for regulating the air source pressure of the differential pressure type leak detector 10, and the pressure regulating valve II 3 keeps normally open after the air source pressure is regulated; the two-way electromagnetic valve SV4 is arranged at two ends of a test interface at the right side of the pressure sensor P26 and the differential pressure leak detector 10, the three-way joint 7 is a pneumatic three-way joint and is normally closed at ordinary times, and the two-way electromagnetic valve controls the opening and closing of the three-way joint 7 and is in a normally closed state; the method comprises a pressure drop method, a flowmeter method and a differential pressure method, wherein the pressure drop method is suitable for industrial mass production type high-power galvanic piles and industrial equipment with large leakage; the flowmeter method is suitable for mass production type low-power galvanic piles, laboratory instruments and equipment with small leakage; the differential pressure method is suitable for leakage detection of laboratory-grade monocells, assemblies thereof and pressure vessel precision instruments; the differential pressure method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen chamber leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I2 is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV10, when a pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and obtaining the leak rate;
step two: the cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I2 is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV10, when the pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading the value mL/min on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, namely the leak rate;
step three: the water cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I2 is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV7, SV8 and SV9, when the pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading the value mL/min on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, namely the leak rate;
step four: and (3) leaking out of three cavities, opening SV1, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I2, setting 210kPa, and starting a test: opening SV5, SV6 and SV7, and reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure type leak detector after 60s when the pressure sensor P04 displays that 210kPa lasts for 60s, namely the leak rate;
step five: hydrogen cavity channeling, opening SV1, adjusting pressure regulating valve I2, setting 50kPa, and starting the test: opening SV2, SV5, SV10 and SV12, when a pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV12, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage outside a hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity;
step six: the hydrogen cavity is led into the water cavity, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I2 is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV13, when a pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity water channeling cavity;
step seven: the cavity scurrying chamber, open SV1, adjust pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, begin the test: and opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV13, when the pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value mL/min on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting the value of the cavity leakage in the step two to obtain the leakage rate of the cavity water channeling cavity.
The pipeline connected with the three-cavity inlet of the fuel cell stack by the three-way joint 7 is a stainless steel pipe, and the rest pipelines are hard hoses.
The pressure regulating valve I2 and the pressure regulating valve II 3 are both provided with digital display pressure gauges.
When the leakage rate of the fuel cell is detected by a pressure drop method: firstly, hydrogen leakage outside the cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV7 and SV8, closing SV2, SV4, SV6 and SV7 when the pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min; II, leaking outside the cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV7 and SV9, closing SV2, SV4, SV5 and SV7 when the pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min; thirdly, water leakage out of the water cavity: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 50kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV6 and SV10, closing SV2, SV4, SV5 and SV6 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, and reading a pressure sensor P15 value after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min; fourthly, three-cavity leakage: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 210kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV2, SV8, SV9 and SV10, closing SV2 when the pressure sensor P15 displays 210kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min; fifthly, hydrogen cavity channeling: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV4, SV5, SV9 and SV12, closing SV12 when the pressure sensor P04 shows 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of the hydrogen cavity channeling cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min; sixthly, a hydrogen cavity water channeling cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV4, SV5, SV10 and SV13, closing SV13 when the pressure sensor P04 shows 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of the hydrogen cavity channeling water cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min; seventhly, a cavity water channeling cavity: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 50kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV4, SV6, SV10 and SV13, closing SV13 when a pressure sensor P04 displays 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P15 after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of a cavity water channeling cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min; and (3) emptying the pipeline and the system after measuring the leakage rate once, so as to detect the next leakage, wherein the emptying method is to open SV11, SV12 and SV13, and the silencer can eliminate noise during emptying.
When the leakage rate of the fuel cell is detected by a flowmeter method: firstly, hydrogen leakage outside the cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV7 and SV8, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3, and reading a flow meter value mL/min after 15s to obtain the leakage rate; II, leaking out of the cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV7 and SV9, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3, and reading a flow meter value mL/min after 15s to obtain the leakage rate; thirdly, water leakage outside the water cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV6 and SV10, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3, and reading a flow meter value mL/min after 15s to obtain the leakage rate; and fourthly, leaking out of the three cavities: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 210kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV2, SV8, SV9 and SV10, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 210kPa, opening SV3, and reading a flow value mL/min after 15s to obtain a leakage rate; fifthly, hydrogen cavity channeling: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV7, SV8 and SV12, closing SV2 and SV12 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3, reading a flow value mL/min after 15s, and subtracting a value of leakage of a hydrogen cavity to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity channeling cavity; sixthly, the hydrogen cavity is communicated with the water cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV8 and SV13, closing SV2 and SV13 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3 for 15s, reading a flow value mL/min, and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity to obtain the leakage rate of the water channeling cavity of the hydrogen cavity; seventhly, a cavity water channeling cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV9 and SV13, closing SV2 and SV13 when a pressure sensor P15 displays 50kPa, opening SV3, reading a flow value mL/min after 15s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the two cavities to obtain the leakage rate of the cavity water channeling cavity; the pipeline and the system need to be emptied after each leakage rate is measured, and then the next leakage detection can be carried out.
When the leakage rate of the fuel cell is detected by a differential pressure method: firstly, hydrogen leakage out of the cavity: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 50kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV10, when a pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and obtaining the leak rate; II, leaking out of the cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV10, when the pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading the value mL/min on the differential pressure leak detector after 60s, namely the leak rate; thirdly, water leakage out of the water cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV7, SV8 and SV9, when a pressure sensor P04 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and obtaining the leak rate; and fourthly, leaking out of the three cavities: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 210kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV5, SV6 and SV7, when a pressure sensor P04 displays that 210kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and obtaining the leak rate; fifthly, hydrogen cavity channeling: SV1 was opened, pressure regulating valve I2 was adjusted, 50kPa was set, and the test was started: opening SV2, SV5, SV10 and SV12, when a pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, closing SV12, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of a hydrogen cavity to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity channeling cavity; sixthly, the hydrogen cavity is communicated with the water cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV13, when a pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of a hydrogen cavity to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity water channeling cavity; seventhly, the cavity water channeling cavity: open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve I2, set 50kPa, start the test: opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV13, when a pressure sensor P15 displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value mL/min on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the two cavities to obtain the leakage rate of the cavity water channeling cavity; the pipeline and the system need to be emptied after each leakage rate is measured, and then the next leakage detection can be carried out.
When the leakage rate grade of the tested piece is known to be larger/smaller, such as testing mass production type high-power electric pile/experimental type short pile, the leakage rate test can be directly carried out by adopting a first (voltage drop method)/a third (differential pressure method); when the leakage rate of the tested object is unknown in the level, such as a mass-production type low-power electric pile or other industrial products, the leakage rate is required to be tested in detail from coarse to fine, the detection equipment is effectively protected, and the detailed leakage rate test can be carried out on the tested object according to the gear sequence of low → medium → high (method 1 → method 2 → method 3).
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A fuel cell airtightness detection method is characterized in that: the device comprises an air filter (1), a pressure regulating valve I (2), a pressure regulating valve II (3), a pressure sensor P0 (4), a pressure sensor P1 (5), a pressure sensor P2 (6), a three-way joint (7), a flowmeter (8), a one-way valve (9), a differential pressure leak detector (10) and a silencer (11), wherein the number of the silencers (11) is 3, the silencer (11) is respectively connected with the outlet of a hydrogen cavity, the outlet of the cavity and the outlet of a water cavity of a fuel cell stack in series through a two-way electromagnetic valve SV11, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV12 and a two-way electromagnetic valve SV13, the one-way valve (9) is used for ensuring that gas can only flow to the fuel cell in one direction, and the inlet of the cavity and the inlet of the water cavity are connected through the two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, the two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and the two-way electromagnetic valve SV10 and the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell, the inlet of the cavity and the water cavity, and the one-way valve (9) and the flowmeter (8), The two-way electromagnetic valve SV3, the pressure sensor P0 (4), the pressure regulating valve I (2) and the air filter (1) are sequentially connected in series, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is used for regulating the air inlet pressure of a tested element, the air filter (1) is connected with an external air source, the pressure regulating valve I (2), the pressure sensor P0 (4), the two-way electromagnetic valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P1 (5) are sequentially connected in series and are connected with the cone hydrogen cavity inlet, the cavity inlet and the water cavity inlet of a fuel cell through the two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, the two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and the two-way electromagnetic valve SV10 in parallel, a pipeline where the two-way electromagnetic valve SV2 and the pressure sensor P1 (5) are connected with a pipeline where the two-way electromagnetic valve SV3, the flow meter (8) and the check valve (9) are located, the two parallel pipelines are connected with the hydrogen cavity inlet, the cavity inlet and the water cavity inlet of the fuel cell through the two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, the two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and the SV10, the right side test interface of the differential pressure type leak detector (10) is connected with an inlet of a hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell stack, an inlet of a cavity and an inlet of a water cavity through a three-way joint (7), a pressure regulating valve I (2), a pressure sensor P0 (4) and a pressure sensor P2 (6) are sequentially connected with the left side test interface of the differential pressure type leak detector (10), and pipelines where the pressure sensor P2 (6) and the differential pressure type leak detector (10) are located are connected with pipelines where a two-way electromagnetic valve SV2, a pressure sensor P1 (5), a two-way electromagnetic valve SV8, a two-way electromagnetic valve SV9 and a two-way electromagnetic valve SV10 are located in parallel; the two-way electromagnetic valve SV1, the air filter (1), the pressure regulating valve II (3) and the three-way joint (7) are respectively provided with an interface pipeline which is sequentially connected with a two-way electromagnetic valve SV5-SV7 and the three-way joint (7), the two-way electromagnetic valve SV5-SV7 is used for controlling the opening and closing of each air circuit of the three-way joint (7), the pressure regulating valve I (2) and the pressure regulating valve II (3) are arranged in parallel, an air source interface of the differential pressure type leak detector (10) is connected with the air filter (1) through the pressure regulating valve II (3), the pressure regulating valve II (3) is used for regulating the air source pressure of the differential pressure type leak detector (10), and the pressure regulating valve II (3) is kept normally open after the air source pressure is regulated; the two-way electromagnetic valve SV4 is arranged at two ends of a pressure sensor P2 (6) and a right test interface of the differential pressure leak detector (10), the three-way joint (7) is a pneumatic three-way joint and is normally closed at ordinary times, and the two-way electromagnetic valve controls the three-way joint (7) to be opened and closed and is normally closed; the method comprises a pressure drop method, a flowmeter method and a differential pressure method, wherein the pressure drop method is suitable for industrial-grade mass-production type high-power galvanic piles and industrial equipment with large leakage; the flowmeter method is suitable for mass production type low-power galvanic piles, laboratory instruments and small-leakage instrument equipment; the differential pressure method is suitable for leakage detection of laboratory-grade monocells, assemblies thereof and precision instruments of pressure vessels; the differential pressure method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hydrogen chamber leakage, open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve i (2), set 50kPa, start test: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV10, when a pressure sensor P0 (4) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s is passed, and obtaining the leakage rate;
step two: the cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV10, when a pressure sensor P0 (4) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s is passed, and obtaining the leakage rate;
step three: the water cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV7, SV8 and SV9, when the pressure sensor P0 (4) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s is passed, and obtaining the leakage rate;
step four: and (3) leaking out of three cavities, opening SV1, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 210kPa, and starting a test: opening SV5, SV6 and SV7, and reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s when a pressure sensor P0 (4) displays that 210kPa lasts for 60s, wherein the value is the leak rate;
step five: the hydrogen cavity is filled, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV5, SV10 and SV12, when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, closing SV12, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity;
step six: and (3) opening an SV1 in a hydrogen cavity channeling cavity, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 50kPa, and starting a test: opening SV2, SV5, SV9 and SV13, when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, then closing SV13, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity water channeling cavity;
step seven: the cavity is scurried the water cavity, opens SV1, adjusts pressure regulating valve I (2), sets for 50kPa, begins the test: and opening SV2, SV6, SV8 and SV13, closing SV13 when the pressure sensor P1 (5) displays that 50kPa lasts for 60s, reading a value (mL/min) on a differential pressure leak detector after 60s, and subtracting the value of the leakage outside the cavity in the step two to obtain the leakage rate of the cavity water channeling cavity.
2. The fuel cell airtightness detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipeline connected with the three-cavity inlet of the fuel cell stack by the three-way joint (7) is a stainless steel pipe, and the rest pipelines are hard hoses.
3. The fuel cell airtightness detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure regulating valve I (2) and the pressure regulating valve II (3) are respectively provided with a digital display pressure gauge.
4. The fuel cell airtightness detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure drop method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hydrogen chamber leak, open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve i (2), set 50kPa, start test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV7 and SV8, closing SV2, SV4, SV6 and SV7 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, and reading a pressure sensor P1 (5) value after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min;
step two: the cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV7 and SV9, closing SV2, SV4, SV5 and SV7 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, and reading a pressure sensor P1 (5) value after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min;
step three: the water cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV6 and SV10, closing SV2, SV4, SV5 and SV6 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, and reading a pressure sensor P1 (5) value after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min;
step four: and (3) leaking out of three cavities, opening SV1, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 210kPa, and starting a test: opening SV2, SV8, SV9 and SV10, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 210kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P1 (5) after 30s, and converting the value into a leakage rate kPa/min;
step five: hydrogen cavity channeling, opening SV1, adjusting pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 50kPa, and starting the test: opening SV4, SV5, SV9 and SV12, closing SV12 when a pressure sensor P0 (4) displays 50kPa, reading a value of the pressure sensor P1 (5) after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of a hydrogen cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min;
step six: the hydrogen cavity is crossed to the water cavity, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV4, SV5, SV10 and SV13, closing SV13 when a pressure sensor P0 (4) displays 50kPa, reading a value of the pressure sensor P1 (5) after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of a hydrogen cavity channeling water cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min;
step seven: the cavity scurrying chamber, open SV1, adjust pressure regulating valve I (2), set 50kPa, begin the test: opening SV4, SV6, SV10 and SV13, closing SV13 when the pressure sensor P0 (4) shows 50kPa, reading the value of the pressure sensor P1 (5) after 30s to obtain the leakage amount of the cavity water channeling cavity, and converting the value into kPa/min.
5. The fuel cell airtightness detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flow meter method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hydrogen chamber leakage, open SV1, regulate pressure regulating valve i (2), set 50kPa, start test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV7 and SV8, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, and reading a flow meter value (mL/min) after opening SV3 for 15s to obtain the leakage rate;
step two: the cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV7 and SV9, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, opening SV3, and reading a flow value (mL/min) after 15s to obtain a leakage rate;
step three: the water cavity leaks, SV1 is opened, pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV6 and SV10, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, and reading a flow meter value (mL/min) after opening SV3 for 15s to obtain the leakage rate;
step four: and (3) leaking out of three cavities, opening SV1, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 210kPa, and starting a test: opening SV2, SV8, SV9 and SV10, closing SV2 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 210kPa, opening SV3 for 15s, and reading a flow value (mL/min) to obtain a leakage rate;
step five: the hydrogen cavity is filled, SV1 is opened, the pressure regulating valve I (2) is adjusted, 50kPa is set, and the test is started: opening SV2, SV4, SV7, SV8 and SV12, closing SV2 and SV12 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, opening SV3 for 15s, reading a flow value (mL/min), and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity;
step six: and (3) opening an SV1 in a hydrogen cavity channeling cavity, adjusting a pressure regulating valve I (2), setting 50kPa, and starting a test: opening SV2, SV4, SV6, SV8 and SV13, closing SV2 and SV13 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, opening SV3 for 15s, reading a flow value (mL/min), and subtracting a value of leakage of the hydrogen cavity in the first step to obtain the leakage rate of the hydrogen cavity;
step seven: the cavity scurrying chamber, open SV1, adjust pressure regulating valve I (2), set 50kPa, begin the test: and opening SV2, SV4, SV5, SV9 and SV13, closing SV2 and SV13 when a pressure sensor P1 (5) displays 50kPa, opening SV3, reading a flow meter value (mL/min) after 15s, and subtracting a value of leakage of the cavity in the second step to obtain the leakage rate of the water channeling cavity of the cavity.
6. A fuel cell airtightness detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: and (3) emptying the pipeline and the system after measuring the leakage rate once, so as to detect the next leakage, wherein the emptying method is to open SV11, SV12 and SV13, and the silencer can eliminate noise during emptying.
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