CN111578994A - Real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system and a real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment, which comprise a monitoring module, a flight module and a remote monitoring center, wherein the monitoring module comprises a plurality of sensor nodes and a plurality of sink nodes, the sensor nodes are laid at each position of a monitored forest and used for acquiring environment data of each position of the monitored forest, and the sink nodes are used for collecting the environment data and sending the environment data to the flight module; the flight module comprises at least one unmanned aerial vehicle for transmitting the environmental data to the remote monitoring center. The real-time monitoring system and the real-time monitoring method are based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and can transmit the data acquired at each position of the monitored forest to the remote monitoring center, so that the remote monitoring and management of the forest ecological environment are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment.
Background
The concept of "environmental monitoring" was originally developed with the development of the nuclear industry, and due to the threat of radioactive substances to humans and the surrounding environment, people were forced to monitor nuclear facilities, measure their intensity, and alarm at any time. Nowadays, the industry and science are rapidly developed in China, and the environment monitoring work is gradually developed from the industrial pollution monitoring to the overall environment monitoring. That is to say, the environmental monitoring in China is not only to monitor the pollution in the industrial aspect, but also to monitor the pollution generated by the biological and ecological change.
In forest environment monitoring, the commonly used modes are dispatching forestry personnel to forest zones for patrol, inspection by tower and 3S technology (geographic information system (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)). Although the manual inspection and tower inspection modes are simple and feasible, a lot of financial resources, material resources and labor are required to be invested, and a plurality of adverse factors such as subjective great meaning of forestry personnel, incapability of real-time monitoring, limited coverage range and the like exist. The 3S technology realizes real-time forest monitoring and rapid acquisition and processing of forest resource information to a certain extent, and provides early warning information and powerful decision support for forest fire prevention. However, the monitoring method still has a lot of problems, for example, data source and accuracy are always a bottleneck of solving resource environment problems by the GPS technology, the satellite remote sensing image has low real-time performance, the same area cannot be monitored all weather and all time, the fire point positioning accuracy is low due to the influence of factors such as sky cloud layer thickness or satellite orbit deviation, and the like, and phenomena of missed judgment and erroneous judgment exist. The problems reduce the forest environment monitoring effect of the 3S technology, and the 3S technology is suitable for the macro monitoring of the forest, but is not useful for the micro monitoring of the forest and the collection of the forest disaster site information. This is mainly because the images acquired by the satellite, the camera, or the like reflect the conditions such as fire, smoke, and the like, and the actual conditions such as the temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed of the site cannot be acquired.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a real-time monitoring system and a real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
one aspect of the invention provides a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment, which comprises a monitoring module, a flight module and a remote monitoring center, wherein,
the monitoring module comprises a plurality of sensor nodes and a plurality of sink nodes, the sensor nodes are laid at each position of the monitored forest and used for acquiring environment data of each position of the monitored forest, and the sink nodes are used for collecting the environment data and sending the environment data to the flight module;
the flight module comprises at least one unmanned aerial vehicle for transmitting the environmental data to the remote monitoring center.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor node includes a main control chip and a GPS unit, a wind speed sensor, a dust sensor, an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor connected to the main control chip, wherein,
the GPS unit is used for acquiring the position information of the sensor node;
the wind speed sensor, the dust sensor, the air pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively used for acquiring wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current position;
the main control chip is used for sending the position information, the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data to the convergent node.
In one embodiment of the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a communication unit, a data storage unit, a data processing unit and an image video acquisition unit, wherein,
the communication unit is used for receiving the position information and the environment data from the monitoring module;
the data storage unit is used for storing the position information and the environment data;
the data processing unit is used for judging whether abnormal data exist in the environment data;
the image video acquisition unit is used for acquiring images or videos of the area where the abnormal data are acquired when the abnormal data exist, so as to acquire image video data;
the communication unit is further configured to send the environmental data, the location information, and the image video data to the remote monitoring center.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication unit includes a cellular network communication subunit and an internet of things communication subunit, where the cellular network communication subunit is configured to perform data communication with the remote monitoring center, and the internet of things communication subunit is configured to perform data communication with the monitoring module.
In one embodiment of the invention, the data processing unit comprises a threshold setting subunit and a comparing subunit, wherein,
the threshold setting subunit is configured to preset safety thresholds of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data, and the humidity data;
the comparison subunit is used for comparing the collected wind speed data, the collected dust data, the collected air pressure data, the collected temperature data and the collected humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and sending an image video collection instruction to the image video collection unit when abnormal data are obtained.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor node further includes a solar power supply unit, and an output end of the solar power supply module is respectively connected to the main control chip, the GPS unit, the wind speed sensor, the dust sensor, the barometric sensor, the temperature sensor, and the humidity sensor.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the solar power supply unit includes a solar panel S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, a transistor VT2, a diode VD, a transformer T, a rectifier bridge Q, and a storage battery E, wherein,
a first end of the solar panel S is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, and a second end of the solar panel S is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, the emitter of the transistor VT1, the first end of the resistor R4, the collector of the transistor VT2 and the first end of the coil L2 of the transformer T and is grounded;
a second end of the coil L1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R2 and a collector of the transistor VT2, a base of the transistor VT2 is connected to the second end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R3 and a collector of the transistor VT1, a base of the transistor VT1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, a second end of the diode VD is connected to the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6, and a second end of the resistor R5 is connected to the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the anode of the battery E, respectively;
the second end of the resistor R6 is connected with the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the storage battery E respectively, the pin 1 and the pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are connected with the two ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the second end of the coil L2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery E is a lithium battery.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment, which is implemented by using the real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment described in any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes:
s1: acquiring position information and environmental data of each position of a monitored forest;
s2: acquiring the position information and the environment data by using an Internet of things communication subunit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s3: judging whether the acquired environmental data are within a safety threshold value or not by using a data processing unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and acquiring position information of an area where abnormal data are located;
s4: acquiring image video information of an area where the abnormal data is located by using an image video acquisition unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s5: and sending the position information, the environment data and the image video information to the remote monitoring center by utilizing a cellular network communication subunit on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the S3 includes:
presetting safety threshold values of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;
and comparing the collected wind speed data, the collected dust data, the collected air pressure data, the collected temperature data and the collected humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and sending an image video collecting instruction to the image video collecting unit when abnormal data are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the real-time monitoring system and the real-time monitoring method for the forest ecological environment are based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and can transmit data acquired at each position of a monitored forest to the remote monitoring center, so that the remote monitoring and management of the forest ecological environment are realized.
2. The real-time monitoring system and the method can judge the data uploaded at different positions of the monitored forest, and when the current data is abnormal data which is not within the threshold range, the image video acquisition unit carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle can acquire images or videos of the area where the abnormal data is uploaded and transmit the images or videos to the remote monitoring center, so that the actual condition of the current area can be checked through the shot images or video data.
3. This real-time supervision system uses solar cell panel, carries out charging for the sensor node after direct voltage converts into stable voltage through the circuit, and circuit structure is simple, owing to do not use any chip moreover, and safety and stability, interference immunity is strong, and can not treat rechargeable battery and cause the damage.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a solar power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring a forest ecological environment in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following describes a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment according to the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed embodiments.
The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood through the description of the specific embodiments, however, the attached drawings are provided for reference and description only and are not used for limiting the technical scheme of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. The real-time monitoring system for the forest ecological environment comprises a monitoring module 1, a flight module 2 and a remote monitoring center 3, wherein the monitoring module 1 comprises a plurality of sensor nodes 11 and a plurality of sink nodes 12, the sensor nodes 11 are laid at each position of a monitored forest and used for acquiring environment data of each position of the monitored forest, and the sink nodes 12 are used for temporarily storing the acquired environment data and sending the environment data to the flight module 2; the flight module 2 comprises at least one drone 21 for transmitting environmental data to the remote monitoring center 3.
In practice, a plurality of sensor nodes 11 are uniformly distributed in the forest to be monitored, and a sink node 12 is arranged at the central position of the plurality of sensor nodes 11. For example, 100 sensor nodes 11 may be uniformly distributed in a forest area to be monitored, the environments of different areas are respectively collected, and a sink node 12 is arranged at the center of each 10 sensor nodes 11, and is used for gathering the environment data collected by the 10 sensor nodes 11. The corresponding relationship between the sensor node 11 and the sink node 12 may be preset, and the sensor node 11 and the sink node 12 may perform data communication in any suitable manner, which is not limited herein.
In actual work, the sensor nodes 11 arranged in each area in the forest collect environmental data at the current position, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and other data, and wirelessly transmit the environmental data to the corresponding sink nodes 12, and then when the unmanned aerial vehicle 21 is close to the sink nodes 12, the sink nodes 12 transmit the gathered environmental data to the unmanned aerial vehicle 21. The approach mentioned here means that the drone 21 arrives within the communication range of the communication network in which the sink node 12 is located. Subsequently, the drone 21 arrives within the communication range of the communication network in which the remote monitoring center 3 is located, and transmits the collected environmental data to the remote monitoring center 3.
It should be noted that most monitored areas of large-scale agriculture, forestry and the like deviate from cities, and the cellular network cannot cover the monitored areas, so that data acquired in the monitored areas need to be transmitted in the middle through the unmanned aerial vehicle 21.
Further, please refer to fig. 3, wherein fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor node according to an embodiment of the present invention. The sensor node 11 of the present embodiment includes a main control chip 111, and a GPS unit 112, a wind speed sensor 113, a dust sensor 114, an air pressure sensor 115, a temperature sensor 116, and a humidity sensor 117 connected to the main control chip 111, where the GPS unit 112 is used to acquire position information of the sensor node 11; the wind speed sensor 113, the dust sensor 114, the air pressure sensor 115, the temperature sensor 116 and the humidity sensor 117 are respectively used for collecting wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current position; the main control chip 111 is configured to send the position information, the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data, and the humidity data to the sink node 12.
In other embodiments, the sensor node 11 may further include other measuring devices or sensors to measure other parameter data of the current area according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the main control chip 111 is a single chip.
Further, the sensor node 11 of this embodiment further includes a solar power supply unit 118, and an output end of the solar power supply module 118 is connected to the main control chip 111, the GPS unit 112, the wind speed sensor 113, the dust sensor 114, the air pressure sensor 115, the temperature sensor 116, and the humidity sensor 117, respectively, and is used for supplying power to the main control chip 111 and each sensor.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a solar power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solar power supply unit 118 of the present embodiment includes a solar panel S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, a transistor VT2, a diode VD, a transformer T, a rectifier bridge Q, and a battery E, wherein,
a first end of the solar panel S is connected with a first end of the capacitor C1, a first end of the resistor R1, a first end of the resistor R2 and a first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, and a second end of the solar panel S is connected with a second end of the capacitor C1, an emitter of the transistor VT1, a first end of the resistor R4, a collector of the transistor VT2 and a first end of the coil L2 of the transformer T and is grounded;
the second end of the coil L1 is connected with the second end of the resistor R2 and the collector of the triode VT2, the base of the triode VT2 is connected with the second end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R3 and the collector of the triode VT1, the base of the triode VT1 is connected with the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, the second end of the diode VD is connected with the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6, and the second end of the resistor R5 is connected with the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the anode of the storage battery E;
the second end of the resistor R6 is connected with the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the storage battery E respectively, the pin 1 and the pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are connected with the two ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the second end of the coil L2.
The solar power supply unit 118 can convert solar energy collected on the solar cell panel S into stable electric energy and store the stable electric energy to the storage battery E, and the main control chip 111 and the sensors are respectively connected to both ends of the storage battery E as loads to supply power. Preferably, the accumulator E is a lithium battery. The circuit is simple in structure, safe and stable due to the fact that no chip is used, and strong in anti-interference performance, and the rechargeable battery cannot be damaged.
In this embodiment, the sink node 12 is configured to temporarily store the collected environment data and send the collected environment data to the flight module 2, that is, to the drone 21. Specifically, the sink node 12 includes a receiving unit (not shown in the drawings) and a transmitting unit (not shown in the drawings), wherein the receiving unit is capable of receiving the position signal transmitted by the drone 21, and after the receiving unit receives the position signal of the drone 21, it indicates that the drone 21 has reached the communication range of the communication network where the sink node 12 is located, and at this time, the sink node 12 transmits the collected environment data to the drone 21 through the transmitting unit.
Furthermore, the sink node 12 of the present embodiment may also include a solar power supply unit, such as the solar power supply unit 118, to supply power to each electrical appliance unit in the sink node 12.
Next, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The unmanned aerial vehicle 21 of the embodiment includes a communication unit 211, a data storage unit 212, a data processing unit 213 and an image video acquisition unit 214, wherein the communication unit 211 is configured to receive the position information and the environmental data from the monitoring module 1; the data storage unit 212 is used for storing the position information and the environment data; the data processing unit 213 is configured to determine whether there is abnormal data in the environmental data; the image video acquisition unit 214 is configured to perform image or video acquisition on an area where the abnormal data is acquired, so as to obtain image video data; the communication unit 211 is also used to transmit environmental data, location information and image video data to the remote monitoring center 3.
Specifically, after receiving the environmental data from the sink node 12, the drone 21 checks the environmental data, and determines whether there is abnormal data in the environmental data. The abnormal data is data beyond a normal range, and if the abnormal data occurs, position information corresponding to the abnormal data is acquired, and then the unmanned aerial vehicle 21 navigates to the position and acquires image or video information at the position.
Further, please refer to fig. 6, where fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The communication unit 211 of this embodiment includes a cellular network communication subunit 2111 and an internet of things communication subunit 2112, where the cellular network communication subunit 2111 is used for performing data communication with the remote monitoring center 3, and the internet of things communication subunit 2112 is used for performing data communication with the monitoring module 1.
It should be noted that most monitored areas of large-scale agriculture, forestry and the like deviate from cities, and the cellular network cannot cover the monitored areas, so that data acquired by sensors in the monitored areas cannot be uploaded through the cellular network. In this embodiment, the data acquired by the sensor in the monitored area can be wirelessly transmitted by combining the sensor subsystem with the terminal of the internet of things, and the monitoring result obtained by the method is often real-time.
Further, please refer to fig. 7, where fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The data processing unit 213 of this embodiment includes a threshold setting subunit 2131 and a comparing subunit 2132, wherein the threshold setting subunit 2131 is used for presetting safe thresholds of wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data; the comparing subunit 2132 is configured to compare the collected wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data, and humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds, and send an image video collecting instruction to the image video collecting unit 214 when obtaining abnormal data. Subsequently, the image video capturing unit 214 can perform image or video capturing on the environment where the abnormal data is located according to the image video capturing instruction.
For example, the temperature safety threshold set in the threshold setting subunit 2131 is 40 ℃, and when the collected ambient temperature of the area where a certain sensor node is located is 45 degrees, the temperature exceeds the safety threshold of 40 ℃, which indicates that there is a possibility of a disaster such as a forest fire. At this time, the unmanned aerial vehicle 21 navigates to the position according to the position information corresponding to the position, and acquires the image or video information of the current position through the image video capturing unit 214. Subsequently, the drone 21 transmits the position information, the environmental data, together with the acquired image video information to the remote monitoring center 3. The staff at the remote monitoring center 3 can know the real situation of the site in the area according to the image video information and verify whether the abnormal problems such as forest fire occur or not, so that the corresponding reaction can be quickly made.
In this embodiment, the image video capture unit 214 may be a camera, a CCD camera, or the like.
The real-time monitoring system for the forest ecological environment is based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and can transmit data collected at each position of a monitored forest to a remote monitoring center, so that remote monitoring and management of the forest ecological environment are achieved. When the real-time monitoring system is used for abnormal data within a threshold range, the image video acquisition unit carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle can acquire images or videos of an area where the abnormal data are uploaded and transmit the acquired images or videos to the remote monitoring center, so that the actual situation of the current area can be checked through the shot images or video data. In addition, this real-time supervision system uses solar cell panel, carries out the direct voltage through the circuit and converts into for sensor node after stable voltage to charge, and circuit structure is simple, owing to do not use any chip, and safety and stability, interference immunity is strong moreover, and can not treat rechargeable battery and cause the damage.
Example two
On the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment provides a real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment, which is implemented by using the real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment described in any one of the above embodiments. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a flowchart of a real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring position information and environmental data of each position of a monitored forest;
s2: acquiring the position information and the environment data by using an Internet of things communication subunit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s3: judging whether the acquired environmental data are within a safety threshold value by using a data processing unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and extracting abnormal data;
specifically, the S3 includes:
presetting safety threshold values of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;
and comparing the collected wind speed data, the collected dust data, the collected air pressure data, the collected temperature data and the collected humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and sending an image video collecting instruction to the image video collecting unit when abnormal data are obtained.
S4: acquiring image video information of an area where the abnormal data are located by using an image video acquisition unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s5: and sending the position information, the environment data and the image video information to the remote monitoring center by utilizing a cellular network communication subunit on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Specifically, set up the sensor node of each monitoring point in the forest and gather the environmental data of current position department, for example positional information, wind speed data, dust data, atmospheric pressure data, temperature data and humidity data to its corresponding sink node of wireless transmission, afterwards, when unmanned aerial vehicle was close to the sink node, the sink node can with assembling the environmental data transmission to unmanned aerial vehicle is last.
The unmanned aerial vehicle can check the environmental data after receiving the environmental data from the sink node, judge whether abnormal data exist in the data, if the abnormal data exist, obtain the position information corresponding to the abnormal data, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can navigate to the position of the monitored forest and collect the image or video information of the position.
Subsequently, the unmanned aerial vehicle transmits the position information and the environment data to the remote monitoring center together with the collected image video information. The staff at the remote monitoring center can know the on-site real situation of the area where the abnormal data are located according to the image video information, and verify whether the disasters such as forest fires, sand storm and the like occur, so that corresponding reactions can be quickly made.
The real-time monitoring method for the forest ecological environment is based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and can transmit data collected at each position of a monitored forest to a remote monitoring center, so that remote monitoring and management of the forest ecological environment are achieved. The real-time monitoring method can judge the data uploaded at different positions of the monitored forest, and when the current data are abnormal data which are not within the threshold range, the image video acquisition unit carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle can acquire images or videos of the area where the abnormal data are uploaded and transmit the acquired images or videos to the remote monitoring center, so that the actual situation of the current area can be checked through the shot images or video data.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment is characterized by comprising a monitoring module (1), a flight module (2) and a remote monitoring center (3),
the monitoring module (1) comprises a plurality of sensor nodes (11) and a plurality of sink nodes (12), the sensor nodes (11) are laid at each position of the monitored forest and used for acquiring environment data of each position of the monitored forest, and the sink nodes (12) are used for collecting the environment data and sending the environment data to the flight module (2);
the flight module (2) comprises at least one drone (21) for transmitting the environmental data to the remote monitoring center (3).
2. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 1, wherein the sensor node (11) comprises a master control chip (111) and a GPS unit (112), a wind speed sensor (113), a dust sensor (114), a barometric pressure sensor (115), a temperature sensor (116) and a humidity sensor (117) connected to the master control chip (111), wherein,
the GPS unit (112) is used for acquiring the position information of the sensor node (11);
the wind speed sensor (113), the dust sensor (114), the air pressure sensor (115), the temperature sensor (116) and the humidity sensor (117) are respectively used for collecting wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current position;
the main control chip (111) is used for sending the position information, the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data to the aggregation node (12) together.
3. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 1, characterized in that said unmanned aerial vehicle (21) comprises thereon a communication unit (211), a data storage unit (212), a data processing unit (213) and an image video acquisition unit (214), wherein,
the communication unit (211) is configured to receive the location information and the environmental data from the monitoring module (1);
the data storage unit (212) is used for storing the position information and the environment data;
the data processing unit (213) is used for judging whether abnormal data exist in the environment data;
the image video acquisition unit (214) is used for acquiring images or videos of the area where the abnormal data are acquired when the abnormal data exist, so as to acquire image video data;
the communication unit (211) is further configured to transmit the environmental data, the location information and the image video data to the remote monitoring center (3).
4. A forest ecological environment real-time monitoring system according to claim 3, characterised in that the communication unit (211) comprises a cellular network communication subunit (2111) and an internet of things communication subunit (2112), wherein the cellular network communication subunit (2111) is used for data communication with the remote monitoring centre (3) and the internet of things communication subunit (2112) is used for data communication with the monitoring module (1).
5. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 3, wherein the data processing unit (213) comprises a threshold setting subunit (2131) and a comparison subunit (2132), wherein,
the threshold setting subunit (2131) is configured to preset safety thresholds for the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data, and the humidity data;
the comparison subunit (2132) is configured to compare the acquired wind speed data, the acquired dust data, the acquired air pressure data, the acquired temperature data, and the acquired humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds, and send an image video acquisition instruction to the image video acquisition unit (214) when abnormal data is obtained.
6. A real-time monitoring system for forest ecosystems as claimed in claim 2, wherein said sensor node (11) further comprises a solar power supply unit (118), and the output end of said solar power supply module (118) is connected to said main control chip (111), said GPS unit (112), said wind speed sensor (113), said dust sensor (114), said air pressure sensor (115), said temperature sensor (116) and said humidity sensor (117), respectively.
7. A forest ecology environment real-time monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that the solar power supply unit (118) comprises solar panels S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, a transistor VT2, a diode VD, a transformer T, a rectifier bridge Q and a storage battery E, wherein,
a first end of the solar panel S is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, and a second end of the solar panel S is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, the emitter of the transistor VT1, the first end of the resistor R4, the collector of the transistor VT2 and the first end of the coil L2 of the transformer T and is grounded;
a second end of the coil L1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R2 and a collector of the transistor VT2, a base of the transistor VT2 is connected to the second end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R3 and a collector of the transistor VT1, a base of the transistor VT1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, a second end of the diode VD is connected to the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6, and a second end of the resistor R5 is connected to the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the anode of the battery E, respectively;
the second end of the resistor R6 is connected with the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the storage battery E respectively, the pin 1 and the pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are connected with the two ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the second end of the coil L2.
8. A forest ecological environment real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that said accumulator E is a lithium battery.
9. A real-time monitoring method of forest ecosystems, characterized in that, it is performed by using the real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems of any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises:
s1: acquiring position information and environmental data of each position of a monitored forest;
s2: acquiring the position information and the environment data by using an Internet of things communication subunit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s3: judging whether the acquired environmental data are within a safety threshold value or not by using a data processing unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and acquiring position information of an area where abnormal data are located;
s4: acquiring image video information of an area where the abnormal data is located by using an image video acquisition unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
s5: and sending the position information, the environment data and the image video information to the remote monitoring center by utilizing a cellular network communication subunit on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
10. A real-time monitoring method for forest ecosystems as claimed in claim 9, wherein said S3 comprises:
presetting safety threshold values of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;
and comparing the collected wind speed data, the collected dust data, the collected air pressure data, the collected temperature data and the collected humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and sending an image video collecting instruction to the image video collecting unit when abnormal data are obtained.
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Effective date of registration: 20210817 Address after: No.233, xiguanzheng street, Lianhu District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000 Applicant after: Shaanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences Address before: 710000 No.9, gate 1, building 15, forestry department, 233, xiguanzheng street, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Applicant before: Wu Puxia |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |