CN111570988A - Tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device and method - Google Patents
Tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111570988A CN111570988A CN202010546017.2A CN202010546017A CN111570988A CN 111570988 A CN111570988 A CN 111570988A CN 202010546017 A CN202010546017 A CN 202010546017A CN 111570988 A CN111570988 A CN 111570988A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 277
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
- B23K11/046—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
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- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device and a welding method. The welding method is divided into an upright welding process and an inverted welding process. The invention realizes the flash welding of the turnout and the lengthened steel rail of the large-size tramcar. By adopting the invention, the tramcar turnout and lengthened steel rail with various different types of structures can be subjected to flash welding, the flash welding has high automation degree compared with electric arc welding and thermite welding, and the welding joint quality is more stable and reliable. By adopting the invention, the same turnout extension rail is welded by adopting flash, the production efficiency is improved, the appearance of the finished product is more uniform and beautiful, and the design difficulty of the turnout of the seamless tramcar is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tramcar tracks, in particular to a tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device and a welding method.
Background
At present, in the flash welding production process of the turnout and the steel rail of the tramcar, workpieces are all welded in an upright mode, flash welding cannot be achieved for the turnout and the steel rail with the size exceeding the size range of a welding platform of a flash welding machine, seamless connection can only be achieved through thermite welding, arc welding and other methods, so that the welding method of the same product is different, the manufacturing process is long, the efficiency is low, and great difficulty is caused to turnout design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing seamless track tramcar turnout structure is complex and various in type, the size and the specification of the turnout are large, and welding cannot be finished on a flash welding machine in a unified mode.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the welding device is invertd in tram switch flash welding, including the stiff end backing plate of setting on flash welder stiff end welded platform and the expansion end backing plate of setting on flash welder expansion end welded platform.
Tram switch flash welding inverts welding set, wherein: the central authorities of the upper surface of stiff end backing plate upwards lift and form first step position, and first step position links up the first inclined plane of ascending slope, and two parts about first step position divide into the upper surface of stiff end backing plate promptly, and partly is first horizontal plane, and another part is first inclined plane.
Tram switch flash welding inverts welding set, wherein: the right side of the upper surface of activity end backing plate upwards lifts and forms second step position, and second step position links up the second inclined plane of ascending slope, and two parts about second step position divide into the upper surface of stiff end backing plate promptly, and partly is the second horizontal plane, and another part is the second inclined plane.
Tram switch flash welding inverts welding set, wherein: the front part of the fixed end base plate and the rear part of the movable end base plate are made of copper materials, and the rear part of the fixed end base plate and the front part of the movable end base plate are made of steel materials.
The invention also provides a method for welding the turnout of the tramcar by flash welding.
The welding method of the tramcar turnout flash welding adopts the tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device, the welding method comprises a positive welding process and an inverted welding process, and the welding method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a tramcar turnout and a lengthened steel rail, wherein the tramcar turnout is of a cross structure and is provided with 4 welding ends which are respectively a first welding end, a second welding end, a third welding end and a fourth welding end, wherein the first welding end and the fourth welding end are arranged on the same side, the second welding end and the third welding end are arranged on the same side, the first welding end is opposite to the second welding end, and the third welding end is opposite to the third welding end; the length-extension steel rails are 4, namely a first length-extension steel rail, a second length-extension steel rail, a third length-extension steel rail and a fourth length-extension steel rail;
step 2: the first welding end is in butt joint with the first welding end, in the process of the upright welding, a fixed end base plate is not placed on a fixed end welding platform, a movable end base plate is not placed on a movable end welding platform, a tramcar turnout is placed on the fixed end welding platform and is positioned and fixed, the first elongated steel rail is placed on the movable end welding platform and is positioned and fixed, and after the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the first elongated steel rail with the first welding end, the flash welding is completed;
and step 3: the second welding end is in butt welding with the second lengthened steel rail, the tramcar turnout is placed on the fixed end welding platform in a 180-degree rotating mode and is positioned and fixed, the second lengthened steel rail is placed on the movable end welding platform in a positioning and fixing mode, at the moment, the second welding end is opposite to the second lengthened steel rail, and after the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the second lengthened steel rail with the second welding end, the flash welding is completed;
and 4, step 4: the third welding end and the third lengthened steel rail are welded in an inverted mode, in the inverted welding process, a fixed end base plate is placed on a fixed end welding platform and positioned, a movable end base plate is placed on a movable end welding platform and positioned, the tramcar turnout after the step 3 is completed is turned over and inverted, at the moment, the top of the tramcar turnout faces downwards, when the third welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the top of the third welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the top of the third welding end falls on the first inclined plane;
turning and inverting the third lengthened steel rail, placing the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail on the movable end base plate, enabling the rail head of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second horizontal plane, enabling the rail lip of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second inclined plane, and adjusting the position of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to enable the third lengthened steel rail to be aligned with the third welding end;
after the third lengthened steel rail is aligned with the third welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the third lengthened steel rail with the third welding end, and then flash welding is completed;
and 5: the fourth welding end and a fourth lengthened steel rail are welded in an inverted mode, the tramcar turnout completed in the step 4 is rotated by 180 degrees, the fourth welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first inclined surface;
turning and inverting the fourth lengthened steel rail, placing the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail on the movable end base plate, enabling the rail head of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to fall on a second horizontal plane, enabling the rail lip of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to fall on a second inclined plane, and adjusting the position of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to enable the fourth lengthened steel rail to be aligned with the fourth welding end;
after the fourth extension steel rail is aligned with the fourth welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt the fourth extension steel rail with the fourth welding end, and then flash welding is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention realizes the flash welding of the turnout and the steel rail of the large-scale tramcar.
(2) By adopting the invention, the tramcar turnout and lengthened steel rail with various different types of structures can be subjected to flash welding, the flash welding has high automation degree compared with electric arc welding and thermite welding, and the welding joint quality is more stable and reliable.
(3) By adopting the invention, the same turnout extension rail is welded by adopting flash, the production efficiency is improved, the appearance of the finished product is more uniform and beautiful, and the design difficulty of the turnout of the seamless tramcar is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art tramway switch weld size exceeding the range of welding platform sizes of a flash welder.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a tram switch top and an extension rail top.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the tramcar turnout being placed on the fixed end base plate after being inverted.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the extended rail being laid down on the free end pad.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tram turnout flash welding method step 2.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tram turnout flash welding method in step 3.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a tram turnout flash welding method in step 4.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the tram turnout flash welding method step 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by others skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Due to the power and configuration of the flash welding machine, if the flash welding machine is used for completing all welding of the tramcar turnout, the size of the tramcar turnout cannot exceed the size range of the welding platform of the flash welding machine.
As shown in fig. 1, the tram switch 1 has a cross structure, and has 4 welding ends, namely a first welding end 2, a second welding end 3, a third welding end 4 and a fourth welding end 5, wherein the first welding end and the fourth welding end are on the same side, the second welding end and the third welding end are on the same side, the first welding end is opposite to the second welding end, and the third welding end is opposite to the third welding end.
There are 4 extension rails, which are a first extension rail 6, a second extension rail 7, a third extension rail 8 and a fourth extension rail 9.
In the prior art, when the first welding end 2 and the first elongated steel rail 6 are subjected to flash welding, the second welding end 3 and the second elongated steel rail 7 are subjected to flash welding, and then the flash welding machine is used for welding the third welding end 4 and the third elongated steel rail 8, the welding seam of the third welding end 4 and the third elongated steel rail 8 is required to be placed between two electrodes of a welding platform of the flash welding machine, but because the width of the welding platform of the flash welding machine is limited by 480mm, the width of a workpiece in fig. 1 is 676mm, and the width of the welding platform of the obvious flash welding machine cannot meet the welding requirement. Therefore, the tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device is provided.
With reference to fig. 2 to 5, the tram turnout flash welding inverted welding device comprises a fixed end base plate 12 arranged on a fixed end welding platform 10 of a flash welding machine and a movable end base plate 13 arranged on a movable end welding platform 11 of the flash welding machine.
Wherein, the central authorities of the upper surface of fixed end backing plate upwards rise and form first step position 14, and first step position links up the first inclined plane 15 of ascending slope, and first step position is divided into two parts about with the upper surface of fixed end backing plate promptly, and partly is first horizontal plane 16, and another part is first inclined plane 15.
The right side of the upper surface of the movable end backing plate rises upwards to form a second step position 17, the second step position is connected with a second inclined surface 18 which inclines upwards, namely, the second step position divides the upper surface of the fixed end backing plate into a left part and a right part, one part is a second horizontal surface 19, and the other part is a second inclined surface 18.
Because the top surfaces of the tramcar turnout and the lengthened steel rail are in a groove shape, the tramcar turnout and the lengthened steel rail cannot be erected upright when being inverted on a welding platform.
The fixed end base plate and the movable end base plate are designed to be upright when the tramcar turnout lengthened steel rail is inverted.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in fig. 4 the tram switch is placed on the fixed end base plate after being inverted, the top of the tram switch is down, the head 21 of the top of the tram switch is on the first step, and the lip 22 of the top of the tram switch is on the first inclined surface.
In the figure 5, the lengthened steel rail is placed on the movable end base plate after being inverted, the rail head of the rail top of the lengthened steel rail falls on the second horizontal plane, the rail lip of the rail top of the lengthened steel rail falls on the second inclined plane, the position of the rail top of the lengthened steel rail can be properly adjusted, and the lengthened steel rail can be accurately butted with the tramcar turnout.
The front part of the fixed end base plate and the rear part of the movable end base plate are made of copper materials, the rear part of the fixed end base plate and the front part of the movable end base plate are made of steel materials, namely, the parts, in the fixed end base plate and the movable end base plate, in contact with the electrodes are made of the copper materials, and the rest parts are made of the steel materials. The reason for this is: the copper material part contacts with the electrode 20, the good electric conductivity of copper is utilized, and the cost can be saved by arranging the steel material for better welding effect.
The fixed end base plate and the movable end base plate are moderate in length, the supporting effect on a workpiece is required to be met, the workpiece can be toppled over due to too short length, and the fixed end base plate and the movable end base plate which are different in size are manufactured according to the actual length of the workpiece in actual use.
Example 2
With reference to fig. 2 to 9, a tramcar turnout flash welding method adopts the tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device described in embodiment 1, the welding method includes an upright welding process and an inverted welding process, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: the preparation tram switch and extension rail, tram switch are crossing structure, have 4 welding ends, are first welding end 2, second welding end 3, third welding end 4 and fourth welding end 5 respectively, and wherein, first welding end and fourth welding end are in same one side, and second welding end and third welding end are in same one side, and first welding end is relative with the second welding end, and the third welding end is relative with the third welding end.
There are 4 extension rails, which are a first extension rail 6, a second extension rail 7, a third extension rail 8 and a fourth extension rail 9.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 6, the first welding end 2 and the first extension rail 6 are welded in an upright manner, and in the upright welding process, a fixed end base plate is not placed on the fixed end welding platform, and a movable end base plate is not placed on the movable end welding platform. Namely, the flash welding machine at this time is a welding machine of the prior art.
Tram switch is placed on stiff end welded platform fixed position, and first extension rail is placed on expansion end welded platform fixed position, and expansion end welded platform removes behind first extension rail and the butt joint of first welding end, accomplishes the flash welding.
And step 3: as shown in fig. 7, second welding end 3 and second extension rail 7 are just put the welding, and the 180 degrees rotatory fixed positions of placing tram switch on stiff end welded platform are fixed a position, and the second extension rail is placed on expansion end welded platform fixed positions, and at this moment, second welding end just right with second extension rail, and expansion end welded platform removes and connects the second extension rail with the second welding end butt joint after, accomplishes the flash welding.
And 4, step 4: as shown in fig. 8, the third welding end 4 and the third elongated steel rail 8 are welded in an inverted manner, in the inverted welding process, a fixed end pad is placed and positioned on the fixed end welding platform, and a movable end pad is placed and positioned on the movable end welding platform, that is, the inverted welding device of embodiment 1 is used.
And (4) overturning the tramcar turnout after the step (3) to be inverted, wherein the top of the tramcar turnout faces downwards, and when the third welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the top of the third welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the top of the third welding end falls on the first inclined plane. As shown in fig. 4.
The third welding end is fixed after being positioned.
And turning the third lengthened steel rail upside down, placing the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail on the movable end base plate, enabling the rail head of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second horizontal plane, and enabling the rail lip of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second inclined plane, as shown in figure 5. And adjusting the position of the top of the third elongated steel rail to align the third elongated steel rail with the third welding end and fix the third elongated steel rail.
After the third lengthened steel rail is aligned with the third welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the third lengthened steel rail with the third welding end, and then flash welding is completed.
And 5: as shown in fig. 9, the fourth welding end 5 and the fourth elongated rail 9 are welded in an inverted manner, the tramcar turnout after the step 4 is completed is rotated by 180 degrees, the fourth welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first inclined plane.
The fourth welding end is fixed after being positioned.
Invert the upset of fourth extension rail, and the railhead of fourth extension rail falls on the second horizontal plane, and the rail lip of the railhead of fourth extension rail falls on the second inclined plane, adjusts the position of the railhead of fourth extension rail for the fourth extension rail can be aimed at with the fourth welding end, and is fixed with the fourth extension rail.
After the fourth extension steel rail is aligned with the fourth welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt the fourth extension steel rail with the fourth welding end, and then flash welding is completed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and therefore all equivalent variations made by the following claims should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a tram switch flash welding inversion welding set which characterized in that, including the stiff end backing plate of setting on flash welder stiff end welded platform and the expansion end backing plate of setting on flash welder expansion end welded platform.
2. The tram turnout flash welding inverted welding device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the center of the upper surface of the fixed end base plate rises upwards to form a first step, and the first step is connected with a first inclined surface which inclines upwards, namely the first step divides the upper surface of the fixed end base plate into a left part and a right part, one part is a first horizontal surface, and the other part is a first inclined surface.
3. The tram turnout flash welding inverted welding device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the right side of the upper surface of the movable end base plate is lifted upwards to form a second step, and the second step is connected with a second inclined surface which is inclined upwards, namely the second step divides the upper surface of the fixed end base plate into a left part and a right part, one part is a second horizontal surface, and the other part is a second inclined surface.
4. The tram turnout flash welding inverted welding device according to claim 1, wherein the front part of the fixed end base plate and the rear part of the movable end base plate are made of copper materials, and the rear part of the fixed end base plate and the front part of the movable end base plate are made of steel materials.
5. A tramcar turnout flash welding method is characterized in that the tramcar turnout flash welding inverted welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, the welding method comprises a positive welding process and an inverted welding process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a tramcar turnout and a lengthened steel rail, wherein the tramcar turnout is of a cross structure and is provided with 4 welding ends which are respectively a first welding end, a second welding end, a third welding end and a fourth welding end, wherein the first welding end and the fourth welding end are arranged on the same side, the second welding end and the third welding end are arranged on the same side, the first welding end is opposite to the second welding end, and the third welding end is opposite to the third welding end; the length-extension steel rails are 4, namely a first length-extension steel rail, a second length-extension steel rail, a third length-extension steel rail and a fourth length-extension steel rail;
step 2: the first welding end is in butt joint with the first welding end, in the process of the upright welding, a fixed end base plate is not placed on a fixed end welding platform, a movable end base plate is not placed on a movable end welding platform, a tramcar turnout is placed on the fixed end welding platform and is positioned and fixed, the first elongated steel rail is placed on the movable end welding platform and is positioned and fixed, and after the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the first elongated steel rail with the first welding end, the flash welding is completed;
and step 3: the second welding end is in butt welding with the second lengthened steel rail, the tramcar turnout is placed on the fixed end welding platform in a 180-degree rotating mode and is positioned and fixed, the second lengthened steel rail is placed on the movable end welding platform in a positioning and fixing mode, at the moment, the second welding end is opposite to the second lengthened steel rail, and after the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the second lengthened steel rail with the second welding end, the flash welding is completed;
and 4, step 4: the third welding end and the third lengthened steel rail are welded in an inverted mode, in the inverted welding process, a fixed end base plate is placed on a fixed end welding platform and positioned, a movable end base plate is placed on a movable end welding platform and positioned, the tramcar turnout after the step 3 is completed is turned over and inverted, at the moment, the top of the tramcar turnout faces downwards, when the third welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the top of the third welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the top of the third welding end falls on the first inclined plane;
turning and inverting the third lengthened steel rail, placing the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail on the movable end base plate, enabling the rail head of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second horizontal plane, enabling the rail lip of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to fall on a second inclined plane, and adjusting the position of the rail top of the third lengthened steel rail to enable the third lengthened steel rail to be aligned with the third welding end;
after the third lengthened steel rail is aligned with the third welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt joint the third lengthened steel rail with the third welding end, and then flash welding is completed;
and 5: the fourth welding end and a fourth lengthened steel rail are welded in an inverted mode, the tramcar turnout completed in the step 4 is rotated by 180 degrees, the fourth welding end is placed on the fixed end base plate, the rail head of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first step position, and the rail lip of the rail top of the fourth welding end falls on the first inclined surface;
turning and inverting the fourth lengthened steel rail, placing the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail on the movable end base plate, enabling the rail head of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to fall on a second horizontal plane, enabling the rail lip of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to fall on a second inclined plane, and adjusting the position of the rail top of the fourth lengthened steel rail to enable the fourth lengthened steel rail to be aligned with the fourth welding end;
after the fourth extension steel rail is aligned with the fourth welding end, the movable end welding platform moves to butt the fourth extension steel rail with the fourth welding end, and then flash welding is completed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010546017.2A CN111570988B (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2020-06-16 | Tramcar turnout flash welding method |
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| CN202010546017.2A CN111570988B (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2020-06-16 | Tramcar turnout flash welding method |
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| CN111570988B CN111570988B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113199204A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-03 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Rapid welding maintenance method for tramcar turnout |
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| CN210194344U (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2020-03-27 | 中铁山桥集团有限公司 | Turnout rail brace structure for e-shaped elastic strip |
| CN212398463U (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-01-26 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Tramcar turnout flash welding inversion welding device |
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2020
- 2020-06-16 CN CN202010546017.2A patent/CN111570988B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201906946U (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-07-27 | 中铁山桥集团有限公司 | Assembly welding mould of turnout frog backing plate |
| CN203960688U (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-11-26 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | The fastening devices of a kind of track switch and stock rail thereof |
| CN108884643A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2018-11-23 | 普拉塞-陶伊尔铁路机械出口股份有限公司 | The weld assembly of two rails for welded rails |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113199204A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-03 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Rapid welding maintenance method for tramcar turnout |
| CN113199204B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-08-12 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Rapid welding maintenance method for tramcar turnout |
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| CN111570988B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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