CN111567676A - Special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish and use method thereof - Google Patents
Special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567676A CN111567676A CN202010409741.0A CN202010409741A CN111567676A CN 111567676 A CN111567676 A CN 111567676A CN 202010409741 A CN202010409741 A CN 202010409741A CN 111567676 A CN111567676 A CN 111567676A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to a special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. According to the sex of the parent fish, the enhancers are divided into a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish, the special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish of section I and a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish of section II, and the special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section I, a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section II and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section III. Aiming at the growth characteristics of parent fish in different time periods, different raw material formulas are selected, and nutrition is enhanced at different time periods, so that the nutritional state of the parent fish of the cold water fish is improved. The invention has the advantages that: the formula is scientific, the process is reasonable, the use is convenient, the pertinence is strong, the special nutrient elements in the cold water fish parent fish breeding production process are supplemented, and meanwhile, the functional substances are added, so that the fertility of the parent fish is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish, a preparation method thereof and a use method of the special nutrition enhancer for parent fish, in particular to a special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish produced by optimizing functional feed raw materials and matching with bioactive substances and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
The cold water fish refers to fish living in water with the water temperature lower than 20 ℃, and common cold water fish include sturgeon, rainbow trout, schizothorax, turbot, sebastes schlegeli, Atlantic salmon (salmon), and the like. Because of the low temperature of the living environment, the fish have high requirements on the content of the flowing fatty acid and the vitamin for resisting the low temperature and oxidation. The parent fish is a special stage in the fish reproduction process, the requirements of the parent fish on nutrients such as vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, mineral elements and the like are very special, and the nutritional state of the parent fish is directly related to the quality of the larval fish; in addition, certain bioactive substances can greatly promote the fertility of parent fish. Some nutrient substances taken by parent fish can be converted into self nutrient substances for a long time and transferred to the next generation, and other nutrient substances can be transferred to the next generation quickly, so that the nutrient enrichment of the parent fish is a systematic and long-term work, and the bioactive substances required in different enrichment stages are different, and at present, no nutrient enhancer specially aiming at the parent fish of cold water fish exists. In production, parent fishes entering a breeding season are mainly fed with fresh trash fishes or conventional feeds, the fresh trash fishes or the conventional feeds can meet basic requirements of the parent fishes for nutrient substances, but the requirements for special amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral elements cannot be met, in addition, bioactive substances which play an important role in parent fish breeding cells and larva fish vitality are relatively lack, and long-term feeding of the parent fishes with the feeds which lack the special nutrient substances can not only cause germplasm degeneration of the parent fishes, but also directly influence the quality of the reproductive cells, the survival rate of larva fishes and the deformity rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor nutritional state and low reproductive capacity of parent cold water fish caused by lack of a special nutritional enhancer for the parent cold water fish at present, and provides a special nutritional enhancer for the parent cold water fish produced by preferably selecting functional feed raw materials and matching with bioactive substances and a using method thereof, so that the nutritional state of the parent cold water fish is improved, the quality of germ cells of the parent cold water fish is improved, and the survival rate of the larva fish is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a special nutrition enhancer for cold water fish parent fish is characterized by comprising a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish, wherein the special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish at a first section and a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish at a second section, and the special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish at a first section, a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish at a second section and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish at a third section;
the special nutrition enhancer for the segment I male parent fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 14-16 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 14-16 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 14-16 parts of envelope arginine, 7-9 parts of envelope isoleucine, 3-5 parts of envelope leucine, 3-5 parts of envelope valine, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the segment I male parent fish preferably adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 15 parts of nannochloropsis, 15 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 15 parts of coated arginine, 8 parts of coated isoleucine, 4 parts of coated leucine, 3 parts of coated valine, 0.25 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of yeast selenium, 2 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2 parts of bile acid and 5.25 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the segment II male parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-13 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 9-11 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 19-21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 19-21 parts of coated arginine, 5-7 parts of coated isoleucine, 2-4 parts of coated leucine, 2-4 parts of coated valine, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.1-1 part of vitamin C, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of yeast selenium, 2-4 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 3-4 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the II-stage special nutrition enhancer for the male parent fish preferably adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 10 parts of nannochloropsis, 20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 20 parts of envelope arginine, 6 parts of envelope isoleucine, 3 parts of envelope leucine, 3 parts of envelope valine, 0.25 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.25 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 3 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the I-section female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 17-18 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 19-21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 7-9 parts of coated isoleucine, 3-5 parts of coated leucine, 3-5 parts of coated valine, 0.5-1 part of vitamin A, 0.1-2 parts of vitamin C, 0.1-1 part of vitamin E, 10.1-1 part of vitamin B, 60.1-1 part of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the I-section female parent fish preferably adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 17.5 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 8 parts of coated isoleucine, 4 parts of coated leucine, 4 parts of coated valine, 0.8 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of vitamin E, 10.6 parts of vitamin B, 60.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the II-section female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 14-16 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 24-26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 5-7 parts of phospholipid, 3-5 parts of antarctic krill meal, 9-11 parts of coated isoleucine, 4-6 parts of coated leucine, 4-6 parts of coated valine, 0.5-1 part of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of vitamin E, 11-2 parts of vitamin B, 61-2 parts of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the II-stage special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish preferably adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 15 parts of nannochloropsis, 25 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 6 parts of phospholipid, 4.1 parts of antarctic krill powder, 10 parts of coated isoleucine, 5 parts of coated leucine, 5 parts of coated valine, 0.8 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1 part of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the segment III female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14-16 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 11-13 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 24-26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 5-7 parts of antarctic krill oil, 7-9 parts of antarctic krill meal, 9-11 parts of coated isoleucine, 4-6 parts of coated leucine, 4-6 parts of coated valine, 1-2 parts of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of vitamin E, 11-2 parts of vitamin B, 61-2 parts of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the female parent fish in the section III preferably adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 12.5 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 25 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 6 parts of antarctic krill oil, 8.4 parts of antarctic krill meal, 10 parts of coated isoleucine, 5 parts of coated leucine, 5 parts of coated valine, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The preparation method of the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight parts of the components, wherein the raw materials come from the market and meet respective quality standards;
2) mixing the trace components: mixing the solid raw materials with the weight part of less than or equal to 5 with the bran by adopting a principle of mixing uniformly step by step;
3) crushing: mixing the solid raw materials with the weight parts of more than 5 for the first time, crushing for the first time after mixing, and sieving the crushed powder with a standard sieve with the fineness of 0.425 mm; then, carrying out secondary crushing, wherein the crushed particle size is sieved by a standard sieve of 0.15mm, and the oversize product is less than 5%;
4) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the mixed material in the step 2) into the crushed mixture in the step 3), and uniformly mixing; adding the liquid raw materials, and uniformly mixing; then adding 25% of distilled water according to the weight ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing the materials again;
5) and (3) extrusion granulation: extruding and pressing into granules with the particle size of 2mm by adopting a small feed granulator;
6) drying: drying at 60 deg.C in a dryer.
According to different feeding modes of parent fish, the dried feed particles need to be subjected to differentiation treatment:
i, adopting a fresh trash fish feeding mode
7) Crushing: intermittently crushing the dried particles obtained in the step 6) by using a small-sized feed crusher for 2-3 seconds at a time and continuously crushing for 3 times;
8) screening: screening particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.25mm by adopting a differential sieve;
9) subpackaging: subpackaging into 0.5 g/capsule.
II, adopting a compound feed feeding mode
7) Crushing: crushing the dried particles in the step 6) by using a feed crusher, and sieving more than 95% of the particles through a standard sieve of 0.25 mm;
8) packaging: the powder is subpackaged into 20 kg/bag by adopting a moisture-proof bag.
The use method of the special nutrient enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a fresh trash fish feeding mode: stuffing the enhancer capsule into fresh trash fish, stuffing 1 capsule into each 10 g fresh trash fish, and directly feeding parent fish.
2) Adopting a compound feed feeding mode: adding an enhancer powder in the granulating process of producing the compound feed, wherein the addition amount of the powder enhancer is 20%.
3) The strengthening time of the special nutrient enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish is as follows: the special nutrition enhancer for the first segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 90-110 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the second segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 30-40 days before the parent fish breeding period; the special nutrition enhancer for the section I female parent fish needs to be used 140-150 days before the parent fish breeding period, the special nutrition enhancer for the section II female parent fish needs to be used 90-100 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the section III female parent fish needs to be used 40-50 days before the parent fish breeding period.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the formula is scientific: aiming at the requirements of special amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and other bioactive substances in the parent fish breeding process of cold water fish, the invention properly adjusts the type of the reinforcer according to the turnover rule of nutrients in the parent fish by optimizing raw materials and reasonably collocating, thereby improving the nutritional state and the breeding capability of the parent fish.
Secondly, the process is reasonable: the enhancer is prepared at low temperature in the whole process, the temperature is not more than 60 ℃ in the processing process, and high unsaturated fatty acid, astaxanthin and other antioxidant substances are protected; the process of granulating firstly and then crushing is adopted, so that the loss of water-soluble substances is reduced.
The use is convenient: the capsule is packaged, so that the quantitative use of the enhancer is convenient, and the operation is simple; the powder is packaged, and the processing of the special compound feed for the parent fish is convenient.
Fourthly, the pertinence is strong: corresponding reinforcers are respectively developed aiming at different sexes of parent fishes and different periods of reproduction.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment of the present invention for further explaining the constitution of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the special nutrition enhancer for the segment I male parent fish is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 15 parts of nannochloropsis, 15 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 15 parts of coated arginine, 8 parts of coated isoleucine, 4 parts of coated leucine, 3 parts of coated valine, 0.25 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of yeast selenium, 2 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2 parts of bile acid and 5.25 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the male parent fish in the second section adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 10 parts of nannochloropsis, 20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 20 parts of envelope arginine, 6 parts of envelope isoleucine, 3 parts of envelope leucine, 3 parts of envelope valine, 0.25 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.25 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 3 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the I-section female parent fish adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 17.5 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 20 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 10 parts of phospholipid, 8 parts of coated isoleucine, 4 parts of coated leucine, 4 parts of coated valine, 0.8 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of vitamin E, 10.6 parts of vitamin B, 60.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the female parent fish in the second section adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 15 parts of nannochloropsis, 25 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 6 parts of phospholipid, 4.1 parts of antarctic krill powder, 10 parts of coated isoleucine, 5 parts of coated leucine, 5 parts of coated valine, 0.8 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1 part of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The special nutrition enhancer for the female parent fish in the III section adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 12.5 parts of micrococcus pseudolucida, 25 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 6 parts of antarctic krill oil, 8.4 parts of antarctic krill powder, 10 parts of coated isoleucine, 5 parts of coated leucine, 5 parts of coated valine, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2 parts of bile acid and 5 parts of bran.
The preparation method of the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight parts of the components, wherein the raw materials come from the market and meet respective quality standards;
2) mixing the trace components: mixing the solid raw materials with the weight part of less than or equal to 5 with the bran by adopting a principle of mixing uniformly step by step;
3) crushing: mixing the solid raw materials with the weight parts of more than 5 for the first time, crushing for the first time after mixing, and sieving the crushed powder with a standard sieve with the fineness of 0.425 mm; then, carrying out secondary crushing, wherein the crushed particle size is sieved by a standard sieve of 0.15mm, and the oversize product is less than 5%;
4) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the mixed material in the step 2) into the crushed mixture in the step 3), and uniformly mixing; adding the liquid raw materials, and uniformly mixing; then adding 25% of distilled water according to the weight ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing the materials again;
5) and (3) extrusion granulation: extruding and pressing into granules with the particle size of 2mm by adopting a small feed granulator;
6) drying: drying at 60 ℃ by adopting a dryer;
7) crushing: intermittently crushing the dried particles obtained in the step 6) by using a small-sized feed crusher for 2-3 seconds at a time and continuously crushing for 3 times;
8) screening: screening particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.25mm by adopting a differential sieve;
9) subpackaging: subpackaging into 0.5 g/capsule.
The special nutrition enhancer capsule for cold water fish parent fish produced by the method is suitable for feeding parent fish by adopting a fresh trash fish feeding mode, the enhancer capsule is stuffed into fresh trash fish, and 1 capsule is stuffed into each 10 g of fresh trash fish, so that the parent fish is directly fed.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the special nutrition enhancer for the segment I male parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18.5 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 15.5 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 15.5 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9 parts of phospholipid, 14 parts of coated arginine, 7 parts of coated isoleucine, 3.5 parts of coated leucine, 3.5 parts of coated valine, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of yeast selenium, 2 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5.2 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the male parent fish in the second section comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12.4 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 10.2 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 11 parts of phospholipid, 20 parts of coated arginine, 5 parts of coated isoleucine, 2.5 parts of coated leucine, 2.5 parts of coated valine, 0.3 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 0.3 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of yeast selenium, 2 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5.3 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the I-section female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 18 parts of nannochloropsis, 21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9 parts of phospholipid, 7 parts of coated isoleucine, 3.5 parts of coated leucine, 3.5 parts of coated valine, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1 part of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of folic acid, 2.5 parts of yeast selenium, 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5.9 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the II-stage female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 16 parts of nannochloropsis, 26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 5 parts of phospholipid, 3 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9 parts of coated isoleucine, 4.5 parts of coated leucine, 4.5 parts of coated valine, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1 part of vitamin E, 11 parts of vitamin B, 61 parts of vitamin B, 0.2 part of folic acid, 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5.3 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the female parent fish in the III section comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 11 parts of nannochloropsis, 26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 8 parts of antarctic krill oil, 9 parts of antarctic krill meal, 9 parts of coated isoleucine, 4.5 parts of coated leucine, 4.5 parts of coated valine, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, 11.5 parts of vitamin B, 61 parts of vitamin B, 0.2 part of folic acid, 2.5 parts of bile acid and 5.3 parts of bran.
The preparation method of the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight parts of the components;
2) mixing the trace components: mixing the solid raw materials with the mass portion less than or equal to 5 with the bran by adopting a principle of mixing uniformly step by step;
3) crushing: mixing the solid raw materials with the mass parts being more than 5 for the first time, and crushing for the first time after mixing, wherein the crushing fineness is 0.425mm through a standard sieve; then, carrying out secondary crushing, wherein the crushed particle size is sieved by a standard sieve of 0.15mm, and the oversize product is less than 5%;
4) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the mixed material in the step 2) into the crushed mixture in the step 3), and uniformly mixing; adding the liquid raw materials, and uniformly mixing; then adding 25% of distilled water according to the weight ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing the materials again;
5) and (3) extrusion granulation: extruding and pressing into granules with the particle size of 2mm by adopting a small feed granulator;
6) drying: drying at 60 ℃ by adopting a dryer;
7) crushing: crushing the dried particles in the step 6) by using a feed crusher, and sieving more than 95% of the particles through a standard sieve of 0.25 mm;
8) packaging: the powder is subpackaged into 20 kg/bag by adopting a moisture-proof bag.
The special nutrient enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish produced by the method is suitable for feeding the parent fish by adopting a compound feed feeding mode, and the enhancer powder is added in the process of producing compound feed granulation, wherein the addition amount of the powder enhancer is 20%.
The time for feeding the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish is as follows:
the special nutrition enhancer for the first segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 90-110 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the second segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 30-40 days before the parent fish breeding period; the special nutrition enhancer for the section I female parent fish needs to be used 140-150 days before the parent fish breeding period, the special nutrition enhancer for the section II female parent fish needs to be used 90-100 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the section III female parent fish needs to be used 40-50 days before the parent fish breeding period.
In order to show the actual effect of the invention, the invention particularly provides a specific example of the cold water fish parent fish nutrition enhancer for enhancing the nutrition of parent fish, which comprises the following steps:
in 10 months in 1.2016, a special nutrition-enriched compound feed for parent fish is adopted in a Shandong near-Yiyi sturgeon fry breeding field to carry out nutrition enrichment on parent fish (10 tails of female parent fish and 2 tails of male parent fish), wherein the enrichment time of the female parent fish is 152 days, and the enrichment time of the male parent fish is 101 days.
And 3 months in 2017, starting induced spawning, fertilization and breeding, wherein the breeding production lasts for 42 days, and 5 batches of induced spawning are counted.
In the breeding production, 550 ten thousand fertilized eggs are harvested in total, and 450 ten thousand sturgeon fingerlings are bred. The average egg laying amount of parent fishes is 55 ten thousand per tail, the relative fertility is 1.1 ten thousand per kilogram, the egg weight is 4 ten thousand per kilogram, and the hatchability is 81.82%.
Compared with the parent fish breeding production without eating the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish for intensive feeding, the egg weight is improved by about 15 percent, the egg laying amount is improved by about 23 percent, and the average hatchability is improved by 30 percent.
In 11 months in 2.2017, a certain turbot breeding field in the Weihai of Shandong feeds turbot parent fish with the compound feed added with the special nutrition enhancer for cold water fish for 160 days for nutrition enhancement. Compared with the parent fish which does not eat the special nutrition enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish, the relative egg laying amount of the enhanced parent fish is increased from 13 ten thousand per kilogram to 48 ten thousand per kilogram, the fertility rate of the fertilized eggs is increased from 45.5 percent to 63.8 percent, the floating rate of the fertilized eggs is increased from 65.1 percent to 83.4 percent, and the hatchability is increased from 35.3 percent to 47.6 percent.
The experimental data results show that the special nutrient supplement for the parent fish of the cold water fish is used for carrying out nutrient enrichment on the parent fish of different types and different time periods, so that the parent fish can obtain better growth performance, and the reproductive capacity and the hatching rate of the parent fish are improved, thereby improving the survival rate of the larval fish.
The above-listed embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-listed embodiments, and all technical solutions that can be realized according to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A special nutrition enhancer for cold water fish parent fish is characterized by comprising a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish, wherein the special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish of section I and a special nutrition enhancer for male parent fish of section II, and the special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish comprises a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section I, a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section II and a special nutrition enhancer for female parent fish of section III;
the special nutrition enhancer for the segment I male parent fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 14-16 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 14-16 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 14-16 parts of envelope arginine, 7-9 parts of envelope isoleucine, 3-5 parts of envelope leucine, 3-5 parts of envelope valine, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the segment II male parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-13 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 9-11 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 19-21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 19-21 parts of coated arginine, 5-7 parts of coated isoleucine, 2-4 parts of coated leucine, 2-4 parts of coated valine, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A, 0.1-1 part of vitamin C, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of yeast selenium, 2-4 parts of N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG), 3-4 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the I-section female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-22 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 17-18 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 19-21 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 9-11 parts of phospholipid, 7-9 parts of coated isoleucine, 3-5 parts of coated leucine, 3-5 parts of coated valine, 0.5-1 part of vitamin A, 0.1-2 parts of vitamin C, 0.1-1 part of vitamin E, 10.1-1 part of vitamin B, 60.1-1 part of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of yeast selenium, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the II-section female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17-19 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 14-16 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 24-26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 5-7 parts of phospholipid, 3-5 parts of antarctic krill meal, 9-11 parts of coated isoleucine, 4-6 parts of coated leucine, 4-6 parts of coated valine, 0.5-1 part of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of vitamin E, 11-2 parts of vitamin B, 61-2 parts of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran;
the special nutrition enhancer for the segment III female parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14-16 parts of schizochytrium limacinum, 11-13 parts of nannochloropsis oculata, 24-26 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 5-7 parts of antarctic krill oil, 7-9 parts of antarctic krill meal, 9-11 parts of coated isoleucine, 4-6 parts of coated leucine, 4-6 parts of coated valine, 1-2 parts of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of vitamin C, 1-2 parts of vitamin E, 11-2 parts of vitamin B, 61-2 parts of vitamin B, 0.1-0.5 part of folic acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 4-6 parts of bran.
2. The special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight parts of the components;
2) mixing the trace components: mixing the solid raw materials with the mass portion less than or equal to 5 with the bran by adopting a principle of mixing uniformly step by step;
3) crushing: mixing the solid raw materials with the mass parts being more than 5 for the first time, and crushing for the first time after mixing, wherein the crushing fineness is 0.425mm through a standard sieve; then, carrying out secondary crushing, wherein the crushed particle size is sieved by a standard sieve of 0.15mm, and the oversize product is less than 5%;
4) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the mixed material in the step 2) into the crushed mixture in the step 3), and uniformly mixing; adding the liquid raw materials, and uniformly mixing; then adding 25% of distilled water according to the weight ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing the materials again;
5) and (3) extrusion granulation: extruding and pressing into granules with the particle size of 2mm by adopting a small feed granulator;
6) drying: drying at 60 deg.C in a dryer.
3. The method for preparing a special nutrient supplement for parent fish of cold water fish according to claim 2, wherein the dried special nutrient supplement for parent fish of cold water fish needs to be differentiated, and for feeding the special nutrient supplement for parent fish by using a fresh trash fish feeding method, the method for preparing the special nutrient supplement for parent fish further comprises the following steps:
7) crushing: intermittently crushing the dried particles obtained in the step 6) by using a small-sized feed crusher for 2-3 seconds at a time and continuously crushing for 3 times;
8) screening: screening particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.25mm by adopting a differential sieve;
9) subpackaging: subpackaging into 0.5 g/capsule.
4. The method for preparing a special nutrient supplement for parent fish of cold water fish according to claim 2, wherein the dried special nutrient supplement for parent fish of cold water fish needs to be differentiated, and for feeding the special nutrient supplement for parent fish by adopting a compound feed feeding manner, the method further comprises the following steps:
7) crushing: crushing the dried particles in the step 6) by using a feed crusher, and sieving more than 95% of the particles through a standard sieve of 0.25 mm;
8) packaging: the powder is subpackaged into 20 kg/bag by adopting a moisture-proof bag.
5. A use method of a special nutrition enhancer for parent fish of cold water fish is characterized in that
1) Adopting a fresh trash fish feeding mode: stuffing the enhancer capsule into fresh trash fish, stuffing 1 capsule into each 10 g fresh trash fish, and directly feeding parent fish;
2) adopting a compound feed feeding mode: adding an enhancer powder in the process of granulating the compound feed, wherein the addition amount of the powder enhancer is 20%;
3) the strengthening time of the special nutrient enhancer for the parent fish of the cold water fish is as follows: the special nutrition enhancer for the first segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 90-110 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the second segment of the male parent fish needs to be used 30-40 days before the parent fish breeding period; the special nutrition enhancer for the section I female parent fish needs to be used 140-150 days before the parent fish breeding period, the special nutrition enhancer for the section II female parent fish needs to be used 90-100 days before the parent fish breeding period, and the special nutrition enhancer for the section III female parent fish needs to be used 40-50 days before the parent fish breeding period.
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