CN111567202B - Water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567202B CN111567202B CN202010479363.3A CN202010479363A CN111567202B CN 111567202 B CN111567202 B CN 111567202B CN 202010479363 A CN202010479363 A CN 202010479363A CN 111567202 B CN111567202 B CN 111567202B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
- A01C23/002—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders provided with auxiliary arrangements, e.g. pumps, agitators, cutters
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
A water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system is used for realizing intelligent irrigation of water and fertilizer. The system comprises an online detection system, a main water and fertilizer pipeline, a control room, a second measurement pipeline, a third measurement pipeline and a control room, wherein the main water and fertilizer pipeline is communicated with a plurality of water and fertilizer branch pipelines, the water and fertilizer branch pipelines correspond to crop units one by one, the first measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the main water and fertilizer pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room, the second measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer branch pipelines and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room, and the third measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from a recovery pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room; the soil analyzers correspond to the crop units one by one, are in signal connection with the PLC, and are in signal connection with the pipeline switches arranged on the water and fertilizer branch pipelines; the water and fertilizer preparation system realizes the preparation of the water and fertilizer required by crops by accurately measuring the solid fertilizer; a recycling sterilization system comprising: collection mechanism, collecting box, disinfect box and recovery jar. The invention can prepare the water fertilizer with required fertility according to the needs of crops, and can recover and disinfect the water fertilizer, thereby saving resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and fertilizer integration, in particular to a water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system.
Background
A water-fertilizer integration technology, which is a new agricultural technology integrating irrigation and fertilization, is characterized in that soluble solid or liquid fertilizer is mixed with irrigation water by means of a pressure system (or a natural fall of the terrain) according to the soil nutrient content and the fertilizer requirement rule and characteristics of crop species, water and fertilizer are supplied through a controllable pipeline system, after the water and the fertilizer are mutually fused, drip irrigation is formed through a pipeline and a dripper, the growing area of a crop root system is uniformly, regularly and quantitatively infiltrated, and the soil of a main root system is always kept loose and appropriate in water content; meanwhile, according to the characteristics of fertilizer requirement of different crops, the conditions of soil environment and nutrient content, the water requirement of the crops in different growth periods and the fertilizer requirement rule condition, the demand design of different growth periods is carried out, and the water and the nutrients are quantified at regular time and are directly provided for the crops in proportion.
The core point of the water and fertilizer integration technology lies in the links of supplying water and fertilizer at the head part, accurately applying the water and fertilizer, sterilizing the water and fertilizer and the like, and in the existing water and fertilizer integration technology, due to factors such as human reasons or imperfect equipment, the manpower dependence is large, the problems that the water and fertilizer can not be supplied according to the precision of crop demands and the like can not be realized, the labor cost is increased, the actual water and fertilizer implementation effect can not be expected, and the later-stage data acquisition and the evaluation of the water and fertilizer integration technology are also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system which is used for realizing intelligent irrigation of water and fertilizer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a liquid manure integration intelligence irrigation system, characterized by, it includes:
the online detection system comprises a main water and fertilizer pipeline, a branch water and fertilizer pipeline, a first measurement pipeline, a second measurement pipeline, a third measurement pipeline, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a pipeline switch and a soil analyzer, wherein the main water and fertilizer pipeline is communicated with a plurality of branch water and fertilizer pipelines, the branch water and fertilizer pipelines correspond to crop units one by one, the first measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the main water and fertilizer pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to a control room, the second measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the branch water and fertilizer pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room, and the third measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from a recovery pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room; the soil analyzers correspond to the crop units one by one, are in signal connection with the PLC, and are in signal connection with the pipeline switches arranged on the water and fertilizer branch pipelines;
liquid manure preparation system, it includes: the solid fertilizer storage box is used for placing solid fertilizer, and the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box is connected with a discharge pipe; the material receiving device comprises a material receiving plate, a supporting box and a driving mechanism, wherein first to fourth through holes are formed in the material receiving plate in sequence from right to left, first to fourth measuring cylinders are formed in the bottom of the material receiving plate in sequence from right to left, and the first to fourth through holes are communicated with the first to fourth measuring cylinders in a one-to-one correspondence mode; a supporting box is arranged below the material receiving plate, the left end of the material receiving plate and the supporting box rotate relatively, and a driving mechanism is arranged in the supporting box and drives the material receiving plate to rotate; the volume of the first measuring cylinder is ten times that of the second measuring cylinder, the volume of the second measuring cylinder is ten times that of the third measuring cylinder, and the volume of the third measuring cylinder is ten times that of the fourth measuring cylinder; the adjusting mechanism is arranged between the lower end of the discharge pipe and the material receiving plate and is used for driving the discharge pipe to be communicated with the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole or the fourth through hole; the liquid manure storage tank is arranged below the supporting box, four blanking holes are formed in the top of the mixing box, and the bottoms of the first measuring cylinder, the second measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder are in contact with the top of the liquid manure storage tank;
a recycling sterilization system, comprising: the collecting mechanism comprises a screen, a water retention layer, a supporting net and a collecting tank which are positioned below the liquid manure branch pipeline and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the collecting tank is positioned below the ground surface and is connected with the tail end of the collecting tank; the left end and the right end of the sterilizing box are open, an ultraviolet lamp is arranged in the sterilizing box, and a first water pump is arranged between the sterilizing box and the collecting box; the recycling tank is provided with a second water pump between the recycling tank and the sterilizing box, the recycling tank is internally provided with an adding mechanism, the recycling tank is internally added with a bactericide through the adding mechanism, the recycling tank is communicated with the water and fertilizer storage tank, and a recycling pipeline is formed among the collecting tank, the collecting tank and the sterilizing box.
Furthermore, a pair of conveyors arranged on the left and right sides is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the solid fertilizer storage box, the conveyors are driven by a conveying motor to rotate, a round hole is formed in the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box between the two conveyors, and the upper end of the discharge pipe is arranged in the round hole.
Furthermore, a sliding block is arranged at the lower end of the discharging pipe and is in sliding connection with the top of the material receiving plate, the adjusting mechanism comprises a cylinder fixing plate arranged on the right side of the material receiving plate and a cylinder fixed at the top of the cylinder fixing plate, and a cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the sliding block.
Furthermore, a supporting plate is arranged among the first measuring cylinder, the second measuring cylinder, the third measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder, a supporting plate is arranged in the supporting box, the top of the supporting plate is in contact with the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is in sliding connection with the supporting plate.
Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a rotating motor fixed in the supporting box, a driving gear fixed at the output end of the rotating motor, a rotating shaft fixedly connected with the material receiving plate, and a driven gear fixed on the rotating shaft and meshed with the driving gear.
Further, the supporting plate is a circular arc-shaped plate, and the supporting plate is arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder, between the second measuring cylinder and the third measuring cylinder, and between the third measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder respectively.
Furthermore, a first water pipe is arranged at the inlet and outlet end of the first water pump, and the first water pipe at the inlet end of the first water pump extends into the bottom of the collecting box.
Furthermore, a guide rail is arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the collecting box, a slide bar is slidably mounted on the guide rail, an air bag is arranged at the bottom of the slide bar, a contact block is arranged on the side wall of the slide bar, a travel switch which is in contact with the contact block is arranged at the bottom of the guide rail, the travel switch is in signal connection with a controller, and the controller is in signal connection with a first water pump electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, a second water pipe is arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the second water pump, and a connector connected with the second water pipe is arranged on the disinfection box.
Furthermore, the adding mechanism comprises a box body fixed on the upper part of the inner cavity of the recovery tank, a partition plate arranged on the inner side of the box body, a medicine adding pipe communicated with the inner cavity of the box body above the partition plate, and a liquid adding pipe communicated with the inner cavity of the box body below the partition plate, wherein a feed hole is formed in the partition plate, a plug is arranged in the feed hole, an elastic sheet is arranged between the box body and the top of the plug, a motor is fixed in the box body, a cam is arranged at the output end of the motor, and the cam and the elastic sheet are contacted and separated to realize vibration of the elastic sheet, so that the plug is continuously opened and the feed hole is closed; the side wall of the box body below the clapboard is provided with a side hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system, before the water and fertilizer are added, the soil fertility is known, and the water and fertilizer with the required fertility is prepared. In the process of adding the water and fertilizer, the water and fertilizer fertility in the main water and fertilizer pipeline and the branch water and fertilizer pipeline is detected at regular time, so that the water and fertilizer fertility condition added to the roots of crops is known; by carrying out element measurement on the recycled water and fertilizer, the fertility of the recycled water and fertilizer can be known, and further the fertility of the water and fertilizer added on crops can be known. According to the invention, proper water and fertilizer are added according to the needs of crops, so that the crops can be ensured to obtain the needed water and fertilizer, and the normal growth of the crops is further ensured. Can realize getting the accurate volume of solid state fertilizer, when getting a certain amount of solid state fertilizer, get to the low level by the high order volume in proper order to reduce and get the error. The measured solid fertilizer is added into a mixing box, the solid fertilizer in the water area is mixed in the mixing box, and the solid fertilizer is uniformly mixed under the action of a stirring shaft. The collection of liquid manure, the disinfection of liquid manure, the sterilization of liquid manure and the storage of liquid manure can be realized in proper order, and then carry out recovery processing to the liquid manure that the crop can not absorb, both practiced thrift the resource, protected the environment again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-line detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a liquid manure preparation system;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a solid fertilizer storage bin;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a tapping pipe and its adjusting mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the receiver;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the receiver plate;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the receiver plate;
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the receiver;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the bottom of the receiver provided with a support box;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a liquid manure storage tank;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the liquid manure storage tank;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a recovery sterilization system;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 12 at A;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a collection mechanism;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the collection bin;
FIG. 16 is a front view of the sterilization case;
FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the sterilization case;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the sterilization case;
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the recovery tank;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of an addition mechanism;
in the figure: 1 solid fertilizer storage tank, 11 conveyor, 12 conveying motor, 13 protective cover, 2 discharge pipe, 3 slide block, 31 air cylinder, 41 air cylinder fixing plate, 5 receiving plate, 51 first through hole, 52 second through hole, 53 third through hole, 54 fourth through hole, 55 first measuring cylinder, 56 second measuring cylinder, 57 third measuring cylinder, 58 fourth measuring cylinder, 59 supporting plate, 6 end plate, 7 supporting box, 71 supporting plate, 72 rotating shaft, 73 driven gear, 74 driving gear, 75 rotating motor, 8 water fertilizer storage tank, 81 top plate, 82 blanking hole, 83 stirring shaft, 84 stirring sheet, 91 soil, 92, 921 screen, 922 water retaining layer, 923 supporting net, 93 collecting box, 931 guide rail, 932 slide bar, 933 touch block, 934 air bag, 94 first water pump, 941 first water pipe, 95 disinfection box, 951 ultraviolet lamp, 952 connector, 96 second water pump, 961 second water pipe, 97 recovery tank, 98 box body, 981 partition plate, 982 charge hole, 983 conical surface, 984 filling tube, 985 filling tube, 986 side opening, 987 extension rod, 99 stopper, 991 contact surface, 992 shell fragment, 993 cam, 994 vibrating motor.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 20, the present invention mainly includes an on-line detection system, a water and fertilizer preparation system and a recycling and disinfection system, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the on-line detection system mainly includes a first measurement pipeline, a second measurement pipeline, a third measurement pipeline, a main water and fertilizer pipeline, a branch water and fertilizer pipeline, a PLC controller, a pipeline switch, and a soil analyzer, and the on-line detection system is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The main water-fertilizer pipeline is connected with a water-fertilizer adding pump, and the water-fertilizer adding pump acquires the prepared water fertilizer from a water-fertilizer storage tank and then conveys the water fertilizer into the main water-fertilizer pipeline. Liquid manure trunk line is connected with parallel arrangement's multichannel liquid manure branch pipe, liquid manure in the liquid manure trunk line gets into in the liquid manure branch pipe, liquid manure branch pipe corresponds one line crop or a slice crop (being a crop unit) all the way, be equipped with first survey pipeline on the liquid manure trunk line, first survey pipeline is regularly followed and is taken a sample in the liquid manure trunk line, carry the liquid manure in the liquid manure trunk line to the control room, survey the element content in the liquid manure in the control room, in order to master the fertility condition through the liquid manure trunk line output's liquid manure. The water and fertilizer branch pipelines are provided with tail end pipelines which correspond to the crops one by one, namely, the tail end guide pipes extend to the roots of the corresponding crops. The liquid manure in the liquid manure branch pipeline is added behind the crop root through the terminal pipeline, and most liquid manure is absorbed by the crop, and the unable absorptive unnecessary liquid manure of crop then flows back to the recovery pipeline in through the infiltration in, recovery pipeline and recovery tank intercommunication, the liquid manure of retrieving in the recovery pipeline is carried to the recovery tank.
The water and fertilizer branch pipeline is connected with a second measuring pipeline, the second measuring pipeline can acquire the water and fertilizer added to the roots of the crops from the water and fertilizer branch pipeline and convey the water and fertilizer to the control room, and element measurement is carried out on the water and fertilizer added to the roots of the crops in the control room so as to master the water and fertilizer fertility condition of the roots of each crop unit. And a third measuring pipeline is arranged on the recovery pipeline between the crops and the recovery tank, is used for acquiring the water and fertilizer from the recovery pipeline and conveying the water and fertilizer to the control room, and carries out element detection on the water and fertilizer in the recovery pipeline in the control room so as to measure the fertility condition of the recovered water and fertilizer.
Obtain the liquid manure in the liquid manure trunk line through first survey pipeline, carry out the fertility survey to know whether the liquid manure fertility of preparing suits with required fertility, so that in time make the adjustment. Acquiring water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer branch pipeline through a second measuring pipeline, and measuring the fertility to know the fertility condition acquired by each crop unit; because the fertility conditions required by different crop units are different, the water and fertilizer application to different crop units is different, so that the water and fertilizer obtained by crops are ensured to be proper. And the third measuring pipeline acquires water and fertilizer in the recovery pipeline and measures the fertility of the water and fertilizer so as to know the fertility of the recovered water and fertilizer. By measuring the fertility of the water and fertilizer obtained by the first measuring pipeline and the fertility of the water and fertilizer obtained by the third measuring pipeline, the water and fertilizer absorption condition of all crops can be known.
In order to facilitate understanding of the fertility condition of the soil in which each crop unit is located, the soil in which each crop unit is located corresponds to the soil analyzer, four to ten soil sampling devices are uniformly arranged on the soil in which each crop unit is located, the soil is obtained through the soil sampling devices and then is conveyed into the soil analyzer, and the soil is detected to know the content of elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like) in the soil. Set up a plurality of soil sampling device, can carry out comprehensive sample to soil, and then ask the detection data of a plurality of samples to average to ensure the accuracy of detection data. Soil analysis appearance is connected with the PLC controller, and soil analysis appearance can transmit to the PLC controller with the detection data, and the PLC controller still with set up the pipeline switch signal connection on liquid manure branch pipe way, and then the liquid manure flow that flows in each liquid manure branch pipe way of control. Therefore, the flow of the water and fertilizer flowing out of the water and fertilizer branch pipeline is regulated and controlled according to the detected soil fertility, and the appropriate water and fertilizer is added according to the requirement of crops.
Before the water fertilizer is added, the soil fertility is known, and the water fertilizer with the required fertility is prepared. In the process of adding the water and fertilizer, the water and fertilizer fertility in the main water and fertilizer pipeline and the branch water and fertilizer pipeline are detected regularly, and the condition of the water and fertilizer fertility added to the roots of crops is known; by carrying out element measurement on the recycled water and fertilizer, the fertility of the recycled water and fertilizer can be known, and further the fertility of the water and fertilizer added on crops can be known. According to the needs of crops, the proper water and fertilizer are added, so that the crops can obtain the needed water and fertilizer, and the normal growth of the crops is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 2 to 11, the liquid fertilizer preparation unit includes a solid fertilizer storage tank 1, a discharge pipe 2, a material receiver, an adjusting mechanism, and a liquid fertilizer storage tank 8, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the solid fertilizer storage tank 1 is a cylindrical metal tank or a rectangular metal tank, the top of the solid fertilizer storage tank is open, and an end cover is disposed at the top of the solid fertilizer storage tank. The bottom of the inner cavity of the solid fertilizer storage box is provided with a pair of conveyors 11 arranged on the left and right sides, the conveyors are spiral conveyors, the conveyors are driven to rotate by a conveying motor 12, the conveying motor is arranged in a protective cover 13, the protective cover is fixed at the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box, and the protective cover plays a role in protecting the conveying motor. In order to ensure good heat dissipation, heat dissipation holes communicated with the protective cover are formed in the side wall of the solid fertilizer storage box. The bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box between the two conveyors is provided with a round hole, the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box is fixed with a discharge pipe 2, the upper end of the discharge pipe is arranged in the round hole and is fixedly connected with the round hole, and thus solid fertilizer in the solid fertilizer storage box can enter the discharge pipe. And under the action of the conveyor, the solid fertilizer can be stirred, and the caking of the solid fertilizer is prevented.
A material receiver is arranged below the discharge pipe, solid fertilizer in the solid fertilizer storage tank enters the material receiver through the discharge pipe, as shown in fig. 4 to 9, the material receiver comprises a material receiving plate 5 and first to fourth measuring cylinders positioned below the material receiving plate, the material receiving plate 5 is a flat plate made of metal, a first through hole 51, a second through hole 52, a third through hole 53 and a fourth through hole 54 are arranged on the material receiving plate in sequence from right to left, and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the communication between the discharge pipe and any one of the first to fourth through holes is arranged at the bottom of the discharge pipe. The adjusting mechanism comprises a cylinder fixing plate 4 arranged on the right side of the material receiving plate, a cylinder 31 fixed above the cylinder fixing plate, and a sliding block 3 fixed on a cylinder piston rod, wherein the sliding block is of a hollow structure, and the lower end of the discharging pipe is fixed on the inner side of the sliding block. The slider is connected with the upper surface of the material receiving plate in a sliding mode, the left end of the air cylinder fixing plate is provided with an arc-shaped notch, the right end face of the material receiving plate is a cylindrical surface, the right end of the material receiving plate is connected with the arc-shaped notch at the left end of the air cylinder fixing plate in a sliding mode, and the sliding track of the material receiving plate relative to the air cylinder fixing plate is arc-shaped. When the piston rod of the air cylinder extends out, the sliding block can be arranged above the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole or the fourth through hole, and then the position of the sliding block can be adjusted. When the piston rod of the air cylinder is completely retracted into the air cylinder, the sliding block is positioned on the circumference where the first through hole is positioned, and when the piston rod of the air cylinder is completely extended out, the sliding block is positioned on the circumference where the fourth through hole is positioned.
And a first measuring cylinder 55, a second measuring cylinder 56, a third measuring cylinder 57 and a fourth measuring cylinder 58 which are sequentially arranged from right to left are fixed at the bottom of the material receiving plate, wherein the first measuring cylinder is communicated with the first through hole, the second measuring cylinder is communicated with the second through hole, the third measuring cylinder is communicated with the third through hole, and the fourth measuring cylinder is communicated with the fourth through hole. After the slide block is aligned with the first through hole, the solid fertilizer in the discharge pipe passes through the first through hole and then enters the first measuring cylinder; after the slide block is aligned with the second through hole, the solid fertilizer in the discharge pipe passes through the second through hole and then enters the second measuring cylinder; after the slide block is aligned with the third through hole, the solid fertilizer in the discharge pipe passes through the third through hole and then enters the third measuring cylinder; after the slide block is aligned with the fourth through hole, the solid fertilizer in the discharge pipe passes through the fourth through hole and then enters the fourth measuring cylinder. The volume of the first measuring cylinder is 10 times of the volume of the second measuring cylinder, the volume of the second measuring cylinder is 10 times of the volume of the third measuring cylinder, and the volume of the third measuring cylinder is 10 times of the volume of the fourth measuring cylinder. When the first measuring cylinder is filled with the solid fertilizer, the weight of the solid fertilizer is 100 kg; when the second measuring cylinder is filled with the solid fertilizer, the weight of the solid fertilizer is 10 kg; when the third measuring cylinder is filled with the solid fertilizer, the weight of the solid fertilizer is 1 kg; when the fourth measuring cylinder is filled with the solid fertilizer, the weight of the solid fertilizer is 0.1 kg. For example, when the weight of the solid fertilizer to be added is 552.4kg, the solid fertilizer is measured for 5 times by the first measuring cylinder, the solid fertilizer is measured for 5 times by the second measuring cylinder, the solid fertilizer is measured for 2 times by the third measuring cylinder, and the solid fertilizer is measured for 4 times by the fourth measuring cylinder.
A supporting box 7 is arranged below the material receiving plate, a plurality of supporting plates 71 are arranged on the inner side of the supporting box, a supporting plate 59 is arranged between the outer walls of the first measuring cylinder to the fourth measuring cylinder, and the first measuring cylinder to the fourth measuring cylinder are fixedly connected together through the supporting plate. The supporting plate is in contact with the top of the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is in sliding connection with the top of the supporting plate. The supporting plate is provided with three supporting plates, and a supporting plate is arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder, between the second measuring cylinder and the third measuring cylinder, and between the third measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder. The right side of the first measuring cylinder is further provided with an end plate 6, the top of the end plate is connected with the bottom of the material receiving plate in a sliding mode, and the three supporting plates are located on the left side of the end plate. The supporting of the material receiving plate is realized through the end plate and the supporting plate.
In order to drive the receiving plate to rotate, a rotating shaft 72 is fixed at the left end of the receiving plate, a driven gear 73 is fixed on the rotating shaft, a rotating motor 75 is arranged in the supporting box, and a driving gear 74 is arranged at the output end of the rotating motor and is meshed and matched with the driven gear. When the rotating motor works, the rotating motor can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the receiving plate is driven to rotate on the horizontal plane, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the supporting box. When the solid fertilizer in the first, second, third or fourth measuring cylinder is full, the rotating motor acts to drive the receiver to rotate; at the moment, the sliding block and the material receiving plate slide relatively until the inner cavity of the sliding block is staggered with the first, second, third or fourth through hole. The rotating motor, the rotating shaft, the driving gear and the driven gear form a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the material receiving plate to rotate.
Be equipped with liquid manure holding vessel 8 in the below of supporting box, as shown in fig. 10, fig. 11, the liquid manure holding vessel is rectangular bodily form metalwork, the top of liquid manure holding vessel is equipped with roof 81, the length of roof is less than the length of liquid manure holding vessel, be equipped with four blanking holes 82 that set gradually from the right side to the left on the roof, it is rotatory to drive the flitch that connects under the effect of rotating electrical machines, until after the rotatory certain angle of flitch, first graduated flask and rightmost blanking hole intercommunication, solid-state fertilizer in the first graduated flask passes the blanking hole at this moment and then enters in the liquid manure holding vessel. The water and fertilizer storage tank is internally provided with a stirring shaft 83 which is obliquely arranged, the stirring shaft is provided with a stirring sheet 84, and the upper end of the stirring shaft extends out of the water and fertilizer storage tank. Through the rotation of (mixing) shaft, drive the rotation of stirring piece, and then realize the stirring to solid-state fertilizer and water in the liquid manure holding vessel. The top of the water and fertilizer storage tank is in contact with the bottoms of the first measuring cylinder to the fourth measuring cylinder.
The use process of the water and fertilizer preparation system is described in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings:
(1) adding solid fertilizer into the solid fertilizer storage box, and feeding the solid fertilizer in the solid fertilizer storage box into a discharge pipe under the dead weight;
(2) measuring the required solid fertilizer according to the calculated required weight of the solid fertilizer; the method specifically comprises the following steps: taking the required solid fertilizer weight as ABC.D (A, B, C and D are both integers more than 0 and less than or equal to 9) as an example, firstly, placing the sliding block above the first through hole to enable the solid fertilizer to enter the first graduated cylinder, then driving the material receiver to rotate through the rotating motor to enable the first communication to be communicated with the material dropping hole at the rightmost side of the top plate, and then, feeding a part of the solid fertilizer into the water and fertilizer storage tank; then, driving the material receiving plate to reset, measuring a part of solid fertilizer again through the first measuring cylinder, and measuring A parts of solid fertilizer through the first measuring cylinder; after the A parts of solid fertilizer are added into the mixing box, the sliding block is communicated with the second through hole through the action of the air cylinder, and the B parts of solid fertilizer are measured through the second measuring cylinder in the same method; by analogy, measuring C parts of the solid fertilizer in the third measuring cylinder, and measuring D parts of the solid fertilizer in the fourth measuring cylinder; then adding the solid fertilizers into a water fertilizer storage tank;
(3) add water in to the liquid manure holding vessel, then stir the solid-state fertilizer and the water of liquid manure holding vessel through the (mixing) shaft to make solid-state fertilizer fully fuse with water, just so realized getting and mixing solid-state fertile volume.
As shown in fig. 12 to 20, the recycling and disinfecting system mainly includes a collecting tank 92, a screen 921, a water-retaining layer 922, a supporting net 923, a collecting tank 93, a disinfecting tank 95, a recycling tank 97 and an adding mechanism, as shown in fig. 12 to 14, the screen 921, the water-retaining layer 922, the supporting net 923 and the collecting tank 92 are sequentially arranged below the soil 1 from top to bottom, and the collecting tank is of a ']' -shaped structure with an upward opening and is a metal piece. A supporting net 923 is arranged above the water tank, the supporting net is a metal net, meshes on the supporting net are small and dense, a water retaining layer is arranged above the supporting net, and the water retaining layer is in contact with the upper surface of the supporting net. The layer of protecting water can be the sponge, is equipped with screen cloth 921 in the top of layer of protecting water, and the sieve mesh of screen cloth is little and dense, and the setting of screen cloth can play the effect that blocks to soil, and can not influence water and pass the screen cloth. The setting of guarantor's water layer can play absorptive effect to water, and then avoids the too fast infiltration of water. The supporting net is to the support of screen cloth, guarantor's water layer, and the back on liquid manure adds the crop, and liquid manure permeates in soil, and most water, fertile are absorbed by the crop, and little part liquid manure permeates downwards and passes and stops behind the screen cloth in guarantor's water layer, and the crop root system can obtain a few liquid manure from guarantor's water layer this moment. And a small part of water and fertilizer permeates into the collecting tank after passing through the water retaining layer and the supporting net, so that the unabsorbed water and fertilizer are collected. The collection of liquid manure is realized through screen cloth, water-retaining layer, supporting net and collecting vat. The collecting tank, the supporting net, the water-retaining layer and the screen form a collecting mechanism.
A layer of screen, a layer of water-retaining layer, a layer of supporting net and a collecting tank are arranged below each crop unit.
A collection tank 93 is provided at the end of the collection tank, the collection tank being buried beneath the ground surface. In the liquid manure in the collecting vat can get into the collecting box, be fixed with guide rail 931 on the inner wall on collecting box upper portion, slidable mounting has vertical slide bar 932 on the guide rail, is fixed with gasbag 934 in the bottom of slide bar, is equipped with touch multitouch 933 at the middle part of slide bar, and after the liquid manure in the collecting vat got into the collecting box, the gasbag was jacket under the effect of buoyancy, and the slide bar shifts up along the guide rail this moment. The bottom of the guide rail is provided with a travel switch, the travel switch is in signal connection with a controller positioned on the collecting box, and the controller is in signal connection with the first water pump electromagnetic valve. When the contact block is contacted with the travel switch, the depth of the water and the fertilizer in the collecting box is shown to reach a certain value, and the water and the fertilizer in the collecting box are timely transferred out. For this reason, be equipped with first water pump 94, the discrepancy end of first water pump all is equipped with first water pipe 941, and wherein the first water pipe of entry end stretches into the bottom of collecting box. The first water pipe at the outlet end extends into the disinfection box 93, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the disinfection box 95 is a structure formed by a plurality of S-shapes, two ends of the disinfection box are open, and other side walls of the disinfection box are sealed. As shown in fig. 18, an ultraviolet lamp 951 is disposed at the top of the inner cavity of the sterilization box, and ultraviolet sterilization and disinfection of the liquid manure flowing through the sterilization box are realized by the ultraviolet lamp. The uncovered and first water pipe intercommunication of right-hand member of disinfect box is equipped with connector 952 on the left end of disinfect box is uncovered, the essence of connector be the pipe fitting that one end is big, the other end is little, the uncovered left end that should be higher than the disinfect box of right-hand member of disinfect box is uncovered, the liquid manure of being convenient for like this flows under the dead weight. After the water and fertilizer in the sterilizing box is sterilized by the ultraviolet lamp, the water and fertilizer is transferred and stored. For this purpose, a second water pump 96 is provided, and a second water pipe 961 is provided at both the inlet end and the outlet end of the second water pump, wherein the second water pipe at the inlet end of the second water pump is connected to the sterilizing tank, and the second water pipe at the outlet end of the second water pump is communicated with the recovery tank.
As shown in fig. 19, the recycling tank is of a cuboid structure or a cylindrical structure, the adding mechanism is arranged on the upper portion of the inner cavity of the recycling tank, as shown in fig. 20, the adding mechanism comprises a box body 98 fixed on the upper portion of the inner cavity of the recycling tank, a partition plate 981 arranged on the inner side of the box body, and a medicine adding pipe 985 arranged at the top of the box body and extending out of the recycling tank, and bactericides are added into the inner cavity of the box body above the partition plate through the medicine adding pipe. The second water pipe of second water pump exit end communicates with the box inner chamber below the baffle, is equipped with charge door 982 on the baffle, and the upper portion of charge door is conical surface 983, is equipped with stopper 99 in the charge door, and the lower part of stopper is equipped with contact surface 991, and the contact surface can contact with conical surface, and then realizes the jam to the charge door. And a liquid adding pipe 984 is arranged on the side wall of the box body below the partition plate and is connected with the second water pipe. A side hole 986 corresponding to the liquid feeding pipe is arranged on the side wall of the box body below the clapboard. The top of stopper is fixed with shell fragment 992 that the slope set up, is fixed with vibrating motor 994 at the top of box internal chamber, is fixed with cam 993 at vibrating motor's output, and the cam is rotary motion under vibrating motor's effect. And when the high point of the cam is contacted with the elastic sheet, the elastic sheet can be extruded, so that the elastic sheet swings, and the plug is moved out of the charging hole. At the moment, the bactericide (powder or particle) above the partition plate can pass through the feeding hole and then fall into the box body below the partition plate, and the disinfected liquid manure enters the box body to be mixed with the bactericide, so that the bactericide after disinfection is sterilized for the second time. The bactericide is fully mixed with the water fertilizer and then falls into a recovery tank for storage for the next use. Be equipped with extension rod 987 in the bottom of stopper, the stopper is at the in-process of vibration, and the extension rod has some to be located the feed hole all the time, and then ensures that the stopper can not break away from behind the feed hole unable reset at the in-process of vibration. The collecting tank, the collecting box and the sterilizing box form a water and fertilizer recovery pipeline.
The collection of liquid manure, the disinfection of liquid manure, the sterilization of liquid manure and the storage of liquid manure are realized in proper order through retrieving disinfection system, and then carry out recovery processing to the liquid manure that the crop can not absorb, have both practiced thrift the resource, have protected the environment again.
According to the invention, before the water and fertilizer are added, the soil fertility is detected through the on-line detection system, and the water and fertilizer with proper fertility is prepared through the water and fertilizer preparation system in combination with the growth needs of crops, so that the crops can obtain required nutrients, and meanwhile, the waste of the water and fertilizer is avoided. The water and fertilizer which can not be absorbed by the crops are recovered and sterilized by the recovery and sterilization system and then stored for the next use. The recovery tank is communicated with the water and fertilizer storage tank, when fertilization or watering is needed, under the action of the high-pressure water pump, the water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer storage tank enters the main water and fertilizer pipeline, then enters the branch water and fertilizer pipeline, and then is added to the roots of crops through the tail end pipeline.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a liquid manure integration intelligence irrigation system, characterized by, it includes:
the online detection system comprises a main water and fertilizer pipeline, a branch water and fertilizer pipeline, a first measurement pipeline, a second measurement pipeline, a third measurement pipeline, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a pipeline switch and a soil analyzer, wherein the main water and fertilizer pipeline is communicated with a plurality of branch water and fertilizer pipelines, the branch water and fertilizer pipelines correspond to crop units one by one, the first measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the main water and fertilizer pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to a control room, the second measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from the branch water and fertilizer pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room, and the third measurement pipeline acquires water and fertilizer from a recovery pipeline and conveys the water and fertilizer to the control room; the soil analyzers correspond to the crop units one by one, are in signal connection with the PLC, and are in signal connection with the pipeline switches arranged on the water and fertilizer branch pipelines;
liquid manure preparation system, it includes: the solid fertilizer storage box is used for placing solid fertilizer, and the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box is connected with a discharge pipe; the material receiving device comprises a material receiving plate, a supporting box and a driving mechanism, wherein first to fourth through holes are formed in the material receiving plate in sequence from right to left, first to fourth measuring cylinders are formed in the bottom of the material receiving plate in sequence from right to left, and the first to fourth through holes are communicated with the first to fourth measuring cylinders in a one-to-one correspondence mode; a supporting box is arranged below the material receiving plate, the left end of the material receiving plate and the supporting box rotate relatively, and a driving mechanism is arranged in the supporting box and drives the material receiving plate to rotate; the volume of the first measuring cylinder is ten times that of the second measuring cylinder, the volume of the second measuring cylinder is ten times that of the third measuring cylinder, and the volume of the third measuring cylinder is ten times that of the fourth measuring cylinder; the adjusting mechanism is arranged between the lower end of the discharge pipe and the material receiving plate and is used for driving the discharge pipe to be communicated with the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole or the fourth through hole; the liquid manure storage tank is arranged below the supporting box, four blanking holes are formed in the top of the mixing box, and the bottoms of the first measuring cylinder, the second measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder are in contact with the top of the liquid manure storage tank;
a recycling sterilization system, comprising: the collecting mechanism comprises a screen, a water retention layer, a supporting net and a collecting tank which are positioned below the liquid manure branch pipeline and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the collecting tank is positioned below the ground surface and is connected with the tail end of the collecting tank; the left end and the right end of the sterilizing box are open, an ultraviolet lamp is arranged in the sterilizing box, and a first water pump is arranged between the sterilizing box and the collecting box; the recycling tank is provided with a second water pump between the recycling tank and the sterilizing box, the recycling tank is internally provided with an adding mechanism, the recycling tank is internally added with a bactericide through the adding mechanism, the recycling tank is communicated with the water and fertilizer storage tank, and a recycling pipeline is formed among the collecting tank, the collecting tank and the sterilizing box.
2. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pair of conveyors are arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom of the inner cavity of the solid fertilizer storage box, the conveyors are driven by a conveying motor to rotate, a round hole is formed in the bottom of the solid fertilizer storage box between the two conveyors, and the upper end of the discharge pipe is placed in the round hole.
3. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sliding block is arranged at the lower end of the discharge pipe and is slidably connected with the top of the material receiving plate, the adjusting mechanism comprises a cylinder fixing plate arranged on the right side of the material receiving plate and a cylinder fixed on the top of the cylinder fixing plate, and a cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected with the sliding block.
4. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a supporting plate is arranged among the first, second, third and fourth measuring cylinders, a supporting plate is arranged in the supporting box, the top of the supporting plate is in contact with the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is in sliding connection with the supporting plate.
5. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a rotating motor fixed in the support box, a driving gear fixed at the output end of the rotating motor, a rotating shaft fixedly connected with the material receiving plate, and a driven gear fixed on the rotating shaft and meshed with the driving gear.
6. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the support plate is a circular arc-shaped plate, and the support plate is respectively arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder, between the second measuring cylinder and the third measuring cylinder, and between the third measuring cylinder and the fourth measuring cylinder.
7. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first water pipe is arranged at the inlet and outlet end of the first water pump, and the first water pipe at the inlet end of the first water pump extends into the bottom of the collection box.
8. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a guide rail is arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the collection box, a slide bar is slidably mounted on the guide rail, an air bag is arranged at the bottom of the slide bar, a contact block is arranged on the side wall of the slide bar, a travel switch which is in contact with the contact block is arranged at the bottom of the guide rail, the travel switch is in signal connection with a controller, and the controller is in signal connection with the first water pump electromagnetic valve.
9. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second water pipe is arranged at the inlet and outlet end of the second water pump, and a connector connected with the second water pipe is arranged on the disinfection tank.
10. The water and fertilizer integrated intelligent irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adding mechanism comprises a box body fixed on the upper part of the inner cavity of the recovery tank, a partition plate arranged on the inner side of the box body, a medicine adding pipe communicated with the inner cavity of the box body above the partition plate, and a liquid adding pipe communicated with the inner cavity of the box body below the partition plate, wherein a feeding hole is formed in the partition plate, a plug is arranged in the feeding hole, an elastic sheet is arranged between the box body and the top of the plug, a motor is fixed in the box body, a cam is arranged at the output end of the motor, and the cam and the elastic sheet are contacted and separated to realize vibration on the elastic sheet, so that the plug is continuously opened and closed on the feeding hole; the side wall of the box body below the clapboard is provided with a side hole.
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| CN114938735B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-05-02 | 陕西理工大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated citrus cultivation system based on Internet of things |
| CN117242971B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-13 | 安徽农业大学 | Water-saving irrigation fertilization equipment based on quantitative control |
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