CN111565955B - 用于机动车的混合动力模块和驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的混合动力模块和驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN111565955B
CN111565955B CN201980008113.7A CN201980008113A CN111565955B CN 111565955 B CN111565955 B CN 111565955B CN 201980008113 A CN201980008113 A CN 201980008113A CN 111565955 B CN111565955 B CN 111565955B
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clutch
clutch device
hybrid module
drive shaft
spring
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CN111565955A (zh
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本雅明·施托贝尔
迪克·赖茨
斯特芬·莱曼
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/266—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with two coaxial motors or generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于连接内燃机的机动车用混合动力模块以及一种含有一个本发明所述混合动力模块的机动车用驱动装置。所述混合动力模块设计用于连接内燃机，包含一个第一驱动轴(10)、一个第一电机(11)以及一个第一离合装置(13)，以及一个第二驱动轴(20)和一个被分配给所述第二驱动轴的第二电机(21)以及一个第二离合装置(23)；以及另外还包含一个输出元件(30)，并且所述各个驱动轴(10、20)可以或已经通过所述各自的离合装置(13、23)与所述输出元件(30)相连，其中，可通过一个与所述两个离合装置(13、23)机械相连的操作元件(40)的移动同时操作所述的两个离合装置(13、23)。利用在此推荐的混合动力模块提供一个机动车驱动装置，其在对安装空间要求低的情况下，以多种不同的运行模式提供了高效的运行。

Description

用于机动车的混合动力模块和驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接内燃机的机动车用混合动力模块以及一种含有一台内燃机和一个本发明所述混合动力模块的机动车驱动装置。
背景技术
电气驱动装置已为人们所熟知，因此也被用于机动车的驱动。在此可以提供与内燃机相组合的电气驱动装置，例如集成在混合动力模块中，设计用于连接内燃机。
混合动力模块通常包含一个用于机械连接内燃机的连接装置，一个分离离合器，使用所述分离离合器可以将扭矩从内燃机传递到混合动力模块上以及将混合动力模块与内燃机分离，至少一个用于生成驱动扭矩的、带有转子的电机，以及另外一个离合器单元，尤其是一个双离合装置，使用所述双离合装置可以将扭矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到动力总成系统上。双离合装置包含一个第一分离合器和一个第二分离合器。每个布置的离合器各分配有一个操作系统。可以选择其他启动元件如转换器或单片离合器等替代双离合器。
电机允许电动驾驶、增加用于内燃机运行的功率以及余热利用或发电。
另外，还已知具有两个电机的混合动力驱动装置。第一电机可以与内燃机一起使用或以防扭转的方式相连，第二电机可以或已经与机动车的驱动轮以防扭转的方式相连。在两个电机之间布置了一个离合装置，它能关闭和打开两个电机之间的扭矩传递路径。相应地，两个电机以机械方式串联。通过相应的变速器，例如齿轮传动，对电机以及相连内燃机和变速器或驱动轮输入端的转速和扭矩进行彼此调整。
以这种方式可以实现不同的运行状态，例如纯电动的行驶，此时离合器是打开的；通过第一电机进行机动车的电动驱动，与此同时，通过受内燃机驱动的第二电机运行发电机，此时离合器是打开的；以及内燃机驱动的行驶，在此没有、一个或两个电机可以分担或消耗功率，此时离合器是关闭的。
但这些系统具有降低效率的缺点，因为在电机串联的基础上，在将一个电机作为驱动装置运行时，第二电机同样会转动起来，在此要克服惯性力矩以及出现的磁力。
另外还已知分别具有两个电机的驱动系统或混合动力模块，其中，为每个电机分别分配有一个离合装置，使用所述离合装置可以将电机连接到动力总成系统上或与动力总成系统断开。这类混合动力模块或驱动系统可参考文件DE 10 2015 222 690 A1、DE 102015 222 691 A1、DE 10 2015 222 692A1和DE 10 2015 222 694A1。
发明内容
以此为出发点，本发明的任务在于提供一种混合动力模块，其在对安装空间要求低的情况下，具有一个高效率。
权利要求的特征可以以任何在技术上合理的方式和方法进行组合，其中，为此还可以参考下文说明书中的说明以及附图中的特征，它们包含了本发明的补充性设计方案。
在本发明的范围内，术语“轴向”始终涉及混合动力模块的旋转轴。
本发明涉及一种用于连接内燃机的机动车用混合动力模块，其包含一个第一个驱动轴和一个被分配给该第一驱动轴的第一电机以及一个第一离合装置。另外，混合动力模块还包含一个第二驱动轴和一个第二电机以及一个第二离合装置。此外，混合动力模块还具有一个输出元件。驱动轴可以或已经通过各自的离合装置与输出元件相连。根据本发明的设计，可以通过一个与两个离合装置机械耦合的操作元件的运动同时操作两个离合装置。
作为优选，输出元件是一个用于将存在的扭矩继续引导到变速器或机动车驱动轮上的输出轴。作为优选，两个离合装置仅设计用于交互关闭。
利用离合装置可以将扭矩从内燃机传递到第一电机上和/或从内燃机传递到第二电机上。
本发明所述混合动力模块的优点尤其在于，两个离合装置的操作仅需要一个操作装置，所述操作装置能够利用操作元件的轴向运动关闭一个离合装置并由此打开另一个离合装置。
以这种方式可以简单地实现要求的方案，在所述方案中，在内燃机运行模式下，两个电机中的一个不会被用作驱动装置并且不会在发电机运行模式下运行。相应地，无需施加能量以让该电机或其转子转动起来。换句话说，本发明确保了，可以将在其他情况下空转的电机断开。
在本发明所述混合动力模块的一个设计方案中规定，第一电机的转子以防扭转的方式与第一驱动轴相连，第二电机的转子以防扭转的方式与输出元件相连。
也就是说，第一驱动轴与第一电机的转子牢固相连，并且连接在第一离合装置上。
第二电机被直接分配给输出元件或输出轴。
在混合动力模块进一步有利的设计方案中规定，第一离合装置与第二离合装置是双离合装置的两个组成部分，它们具有一个共同用于两个离合装置的外摩擦片支座。如果双离合装置设有共同的外摩擦片支座，那么两个离合装置连接在第一驱动轴和输出元件上的组成部分就是内摩擦片支座。在此，本发明并不局限于所提及的驱动端或输出端与内摩擦片支座和外摩擦片支座的连接，而是还可以将内摩擦片支座和外摩擦片支座分配到另一端。也就是说，双离合装置的这种设计可以确保，两个离合装置中始终只有一个是关闭的，在该关闭状态下，另一个离合装置是打开的。在操作两个离合装置中的一个时，也会自动操作另一个离合装置，由此确保交互操作。
在混合动力模块一个有利的设计方案中，两个离合装置具有一个连接元件，所述连接元件与操作元件机械相连和/或所述连接元件至少部分构成操作元件，并且第一离合装置和第二离合装置的压紧板可以或已经与所述连接元件轴向牢固相连，由此，轴向位移就会导致第一压紧板的轴向释放，与此同时导致第二压紧板的轴向位移或轴向释放，由此就可以同时操作具备对立功能的离合装置。对立功能分别是打开和关闭相应的离合装置。该设计方案的优点是，两个离合装置的操作只需要一个操作装置或执行器，作为优选，所述操作装置或执行器会在操作元件或连接元件上施加一个轴向力。
作为固定的组成部分，混合动力模块可以具有一个操作装置，所述操作装置设置用于同时操作第一离合装置和第二离合装置。
在此作为优选，操作装置的布置和设置方式可以让其在操作元件上施加一个操作力，以便推动操作元件。尤其是，可以对操作装置和操作元件进行相应设置，使其能够实现直接力传递。
在本发明所述混合动力模块一个进一步有利的设计方案中规定，至少一个离合装置具有一个弹簧装置，尤其是一个碟形弹簧，在张紧弹簧装置时，其弹簧力会促进和/或导致两个离合装置中的一个关闭并且会促进和/或导致另外一个离合装置打开。
在此，不仅第一离合装置可以具有一个第一弹簧装置，而且第二离合装置也可以具有一个第二弹簧装置，其中，第一弹簧装置和第二弹簧装置均会促进和/或导致第一离合装置的关闭并且会促进和/或导致第二离合装置打开。
在此作为优选，由第一弹簧装置产生的第一弹簧力明显低于由操作装置为完全关闭第二离合装置而施加的力。其优点在于，会通过操作装置合计，即为了朝两个方向操作两个离合装置，施加一个波动幅度很小的操作力。需施加的控制力也相应很小，并且可以利用相应简单的方法实现操作装置。
在混合动力模块一个进一步有利的设计方案中规定，第二离合装置具有一个第二内摩擦片支座，其与输出元件以防扭转且可轴向移动的方式相连，其中，混合动力模块另外还具有一个压力弹簧装置，尤其是一个螺旋弹簧，其轴向支撑在输出元件上并压向第二内摩擦片支座，而第二内摩擦片支座又轴向支撑在第一离合装置与第二离合装置共用的离合器支座上。该共用的离合器支座又可以轴向直接或间接支撑在第一驱动轴上。作为优选，在内摩擦片支座与离合器之间以及在离合器支座与第一驱动轴之间分别存在一个旋转轴承，其用于轴向传递压力弹簧装置所施加的轴向力。
本发明的另外一个方面是一种机动车驱动装置，所述机动车有一台内燃机和一个本发明所述的混合动力模块以及含有一个变速器，其中，混合动力模块通过其离合装置与内燃机和变速器机械相连。
附图说明
下文将在相关技术背景下参考相关图纸详细解释上述发明，其中，相关图示用来展示有利的设计方案。纯示意性图示不会对本发明产生任何限制，在此须注意：图示中示出的实施例不限于示出的尺寸。其中
图1：本发明所述混合动力模块的部分剖面图，
图2：第一弹簧装置与操作装置的包含所示特征曲线的力/位移图表，和
图3：包含所示综合特征曲线的力/位移图表。
具体实施方式
图1中所示本发明所述混合动力模块在此处仅暗示的壳体1中包含了一个位于共用旋转轴2上的第一驱动轴10，在其上面以防扭转的方式支撑第一电机11的转子12。
第二电机21的转子22以防扭转的方式配合在一个输出轴形式的输出元件30上。第一驱动轴10和输出元件30以相互旋转对称的方式定位。第二驱动轴20设计用于与内燃机机械相连，必要时通过一个分离合器，所述内燃机同样可以是混合动力模块的组成部分。
第一驱动轴10通过第一离合装置13与共用的离合器支座51相连。同样，输出元件30通过第二离合装置23与共用的离合器支座51相连。该共用的离合器支座51通过一个轮齿31与第二驱动轴20以防扭转的方式相连。
在此处示出的实施方式中，第一离合装置13与第二离合装置23共同构成双离合装置50。该双离合装置50包含由两个离合装置13、23共用的外摩擦片支座52，所述外摩擦片支座与共用的离合器支座51以防扭转的方式相连，在此为焊接。
第一驱动轴10本身构成第一内摩擦片支座53，第一离合装置13的内摩擦片布置在其上面，与以可轴向移动的方式布置于外摩擦片支座52上的第一离合装置13的外摩擦片呈交错状。
第二内摩擦片支座54通过防扭转连接55与输出元件30相连，以类似方式支撑着第二离合装置23的内摩擦片，该内摩擦片与第二离合装置23的外摩擦片交错布置。在此，第二离合装置23的外摩擦片以可轴向移动的方式布置在外摩擦片支座52上。
在轴向支撑在制动点上时，第一离合装置13的第一压紧板14通过还被称作受压件的连接元件56与第二离合装置23的第二压紧板相连。以这种方式，两块压紧板14、24始终只能共同轴向移动，因此，在按一种工作原理操作一个离合装置13、23时，会自动按相反的工作原理操作另一个离合装置13、23。也就是说，在关闭第一离合装置13时，会自动打开第二离合装置23，反之亦然。以这种方式确保了，在操作第二电机21时，第一电机11会与输出元件30或输出轴断开，因此不必提供用于实现第一转子旋转运动以及用于克服此处所出现磁力的能量。在此，本发明所述混合动力模块不限于该实施方式，而是还可以规定，每个离合装置13、23分配有一个自己的操作装置，在此，还应对该特别的操作装置进行相应设计和布置，以确保可以同时用相反的工作原理操作两个离合装置13、23。
为了操作在此示出的双离合装置50，设计了一个在此没有特别展示的操作装置，作为优选，其支撑在壳体1上。操作装置尤其可以是一个液压系统，或者也可以是一个电子机械系统。在图1中可以看到操作装置沿轴向方向所施加的操作力41，其作用于轴向支撑在转动轴承57上的操作元件40上。
转动轴承57又轴向支撑在连接元件56上，该连接元件可以或已经与两个离合装置13、23的压紧板14、24轴向牢固相连。以这种方式，可以通过施加操作力41同时操作两个离合装置13、23。
在此处示出的实施方式中，第一离合装置13具有一个第一碟形弹簧形式的第一弹簧装置15；第二离合装置23具有一个第二碟形弹簧形式的第二弹簧装置25。第一弹簧装置15会产生第一弹簧力16，其方向与第二弹簧装置25所产生的第二弹簧力26相同。
也就是说，两个弹簧装置15、25会沿关闭第一离合装置13和打开第二离合装置23的方向发挥作用。在此处示出的实施方式中规定，基本上，第一弹簧装置15会通过第一分路使第二离合装置23打开，第二弹簧装置25会通过第二分路使其打开。
第二弹簧装置25另外还可确保，连接元件56不会从转动轴承57上翘起。
此处示出的混合动力模块另外还包含了一个螺旋弹簧形式的压力弹簧装置60，其间接轴向支撑在壳体1上。在轴向相对的一侧，压力弹簧装置60会压向第二内摩擦片支座54，该内摩擦片支座又轴向支撑在第一旋转轴承61上。该第一旋转轴承61本身轴向支撑在共用的离合器支座51上，该离合器支座又通过第二旋转轴承62轴向支撑在第一驱动轴10上。由此可以在必要时以简单方式通过沿轴向方向持续施加压力来减小混合动力模块或各个构件中所存在的公差。另外，还会轴向预紧相关轴承，即转动轴承57以及第一旋转轴承61和第二旋转轴承62，让其仅具有很小的轴向间隙或不再具有轴向间隙。
为了润滑双离合装置50，在第一驱动轴10中集成设计了用于实现润滑剂输送的钻孔63，所述钻孔还可用于冷却。
通过滚针轴承64确保第二驱动轴20与同轴布置的输出元件30之间的相对旋转运动。示出的离合装置13、23不限于膜片式离合器，而作为替代，还可以使用其他以摩擦配合方式工作的离合器或以型配合方式发挥作用的离合器。
图2和3中所示出的图表展示了弹簧装置以及相连操作装置力/位移变化的典型特征曲线。
在图2中示出了第一碟形弹簧的特征曲线70，在此，其被设计成第一弹簧装置15。其中可以看到工作点K1，在此点处时，第一离合装置13是完全关闭的。在通过沿操作力41的方向按图2中图表所示出的正向位移s轴向移动第一压紧板14来操作第一离合装置13时，第一弹簧装置15或第一碟形弹簧所施加的力F会发生变化。可以看出，在力F短时间升高后，它在继续增大位置s的过程中会明显降低。
另外，在图2中还示出了操作装置的特征曲线80。可以看出，首先需要用较小的力F来经过一个相对长的位移s，然后特征曲线80会转弯，之后，特征曲线80以更陡的斜度升高。其原因在于：在关闭第二离合装置23时，在首次将第二离合装置23的膜片推到一起并且膜片相互接触后，必须用增强的力F将其压在一起，以实现更大的操作行程以及相应地传递高轴向挤压力，进而确保传递高摩擦力矩。
特征曲线80的升高幅度受相关结构元件的构件刚性以及受膜片涂层以及发挥作用的第二弹簧装置25压缩情况的影响。
在此还可以看到点K2，它阐明了位移-点，在此点处，第二离合装置23是完全关闭的。针对此处示出的实施例，该位移s为1.8mm，除了膜片所经过的位移外，它还取决于离合装置13、23的公差。
可以看出，在为关闭第二弹簧装置23所经过的位移s中，第一弹簧装置15或第一碟形弹簧所施加的力F已经相对较小。但这个相对较小的力F，足以在撤销操作装置所产生的操作力41时实现朝起始位置的自动复位，并在此期间克服系统中的摩擦。
本发明所述的混合动力模块另外还可以设有一个用于识别滑转的装置，利用所述装置还可以在必要时自动控制操作离合装置13、23以及利用所述装置可以调节离合装置13、23中占主导地位的挤压力。
图3示出了图2中所阐明两个特征曲线70、80相加的计算结果，在此可以看出，所需用于实现两个特征点K1和K2的力F相互之间仅具有很小差别。另外还可以看出，图2中的综合特征曲线90在两个点K1与K2之间仅具有很小的波动。通过相应方式可以清楚地了解到，必须设置一个操作装置，其基本仅设计用于相对较小的、需实现的力范围。
利用在此推荐的混合动力模块提供一个机动车驱动装置，其在对安装空间要求低的情况下，以多种不同的运行模式提供了高效的运行。
附图标记说明
1 壳体
2 旋转轴
10 第一驱动轴
11 第一电机
12 第一电机的转子
13 第一离合装置
14 第一压紧板
15 第一弹簧装置
16 第一弹簧力
20 第二驱动轴
21 第二电机
22 第二电机的转子
23 第二离合装置
24 第二压紧板
25 第二弹簧装置
26 第二弹簧力
30 输出元件
31 齿部
40 操作元件
41 操作力
50 双离合装置
51 共用的离合器支座
52 外摩擦片支座
53 第一内摩擦片支座
54 第二内摩擦片支座
55 防扭转连接
56 连接元件
57 转动轴承
60 压力弹簧装置
61 第一旋转轴承
62 第二旋转轴承
63 用于润滑剂的钻孔
64 滚针轴承
70 第一碟形弹簧的特征曲线
80 操作装置的特征曲线
90 第一碟形弹簧与操作装置的综合特征曲线

Claims (9)

1.用于连接内燃机的机动车混合动力模块，包含一个第一驱动轴(10)和一个被分配给所述第一驱动轴的第一电机(11)以及一个第一离合装置(13)，并且包含一个第二驱动轴(20)和一个第二电机(21)以及一个第二离合装置(23)；以及另外还包含一个输出元件(30)，并且所述第一驱动轴(10)和第二驱动轴(20)可以或已经通过各自的离合装置(13、23)与所述输出元件(30)相连，其特征在于：可通过一个与所述第一离合装置(13)和第二离合装置(23)机械相连的操作元件(40)的移动同时操作所述第一离合装置(13)和第二离合装置(23)；所述第一离合装置(13)与第二离合装置(23)是双离合装置(50)的两个组成部分，它们具有一个共同用于所述两个离合装置(13、23)的外摩擦片支座(52)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：所述第一电机(11)的转子(12)以防扭转的方式与第一驱动轴(10)相连；所述第二电机(21)的转子(22)以防扭转的方式与所述输出元件(30)相连。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：所述两个离合装置(13、23)具有一个连接元件(56)，其与所述操作元件(40)机械相连和/或其至少部分构成所述操作元件(40)，并且所述第一离合装置(13)和所述第二离合装置(23)的压紧板(14、24)可以或已经与其轴向牢固相连，由此，第一压紧板(14)的轴向位移就会同时导致第二压紧板(24)的轴向位移，由此就可以同时操作具备相反作用的所述两个离合装置(13、23)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：所述混合动力模块具有一个操作装置，其设置用于同时操作所述第一离合装置(13)以及所述第二离合装置(23)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：所述操作装置的布置和设置方式可以让其在所述操作元件(40)上施加一个操作力(41)，以便推动所述操作元件。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：至少一个所述离合装置(13、23)具有一个弹簧装置(15、25)，在张紧所述弹簧装置(15、25)时，其弹簧力(16、26)会促进和/或导致所述两个离合装置(13、23)中的一个关闭并且会促进和/或导致另外一个离合装置(13、23)打开。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：不仅所述第一离合装置(13)具有一个第一弹簧装置(15)，而且所述第二离合装置(23)也具有一个第二弹簧装置(25)，其中，所述第一弹簧装置(15)和所述第二弹簧装置(25)均会促进和/或导致所述第一离合装置(13)的关闭并且会促进和/或导致所述第二离合装置(23)打开。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力模块，其特征在于：所述第二离合装置(23)具有一个第二内摩擦片支座(54)，其与所述输出元件(30)以防扭转且可轴向移动的方式相连，其中，所述混合动力模块另外还具有一个压力弹簧装置(60)，其轴向支撑在所述输出元件(30)上并压向所述第二内摩擦片支座(54)，而所述第二内摩擦片支座又轴向支撑在所述第一离合装置(13)与所述第二离合装置(23)共用的离合器支座(51)上。
9.含有一台内燃机和一个根据权利要求1到8其中一项所述混合动力模块以及含有一个变速器的机动车驱动装置，其中，所述混合动力模块通过其离合装置(13、23)与所述内燃机和变速器机械相连。
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