CN111560082B - 一种膦酸当归多糖复合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种膦酸当归多糖复合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于多糖衍生物技术领域,涉及一种膦酸当归多糖复合物及其制备方法。膦酸多糖和辅助配体木犀草素通过氧、氮或氮氧组合与锌离子螯合配位,可发挥协同增效作用,增加肠黏膜通透性,提高多种营养物质的消化吸收,提高生物利用度,具有很好的开发应用前景。所得膦酸当归多糖复合物中的磷酸根含量最高可达12.85wt%,锌含量最高可达9.71wt%。采用低温水热一步合成法,合成温度较低,能耗小,可有效节约能源,绿色环保,减少对环境的污染,具有开发和利用的潜力,便于工业化和技术推广,可在食品添加剂、功能保健食品及药品等领域推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多糖衍生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种膦酸当归多糖复合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
多糖作为一种非特异性免疫调节剂,在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面受到广泛关注。中药当归为伞形科多年生草本植物, 经大量实验和临床研究表明,其所含的主要生物活性物质--当归多糖具有增强免疫系统功能的作用。多糖的活性直接或间接受其分子结构的影响,采用一定的方法对多糖分子结构进行适当的化学修饰可以有效提高多糖生物活性,甚至是制备得到具有多重生物活性的多糖衍生物。多糖经过分子修饰后设计出多种新型结构与功能的多糖衍生物,这对于多糖构效方面的研究具有重要的意义,并且为多糖类食品添加剂、功能性食品、保健品及天然药物的研发提供实验基础和理论依据。
多糖结构修饰的方法有多种,其中磷酸化接枝修饰是多糖分子修饰中的一种共价修饰,其支链上的羟基被磷酸根取代,可增强或增加多糖的抗肿瘤、抗病毒和免疫调节剂等生物活性。磷酸基团主要接在葡萄糖单元的碳-6位和碳-3位上,其中碳-3位上的磷酸化对多糖的生物活性的提高非常明显。现有文献资料中对磷酸化多糖类衍生物的报道相对较少,中国知网上检索也未见有当归多糖磷酸衍生物的报道,仅见一些关于对海带多糖、黑木耳多糖、黄芪多糖进行磷酸化修饰的报道内容,其相关实验操作过程较复杂,且所制得的多糖衍生物的磷酸根含量不高。
另外,元素锌作为体内重要的必需微量元素,是细胞生长增殖、生物正常生长发育所必须的微量元素,是许多金属酶的组成成分或酶激活剂, 有明显的抗氧化作用。但无机锌对胃粘膜刺激很大,并且人体吸收也困难,大多数锌离子未经吸收就排出体外,故补锌效果差。多年来各国研究人员一直在探求副作用小、生物利用率高的锌营养强化剂。微量元素与多糖形成络合物可通过小肠吸收途径被直接消化吸收,大大提高吸收率,并且在补充锌的同时又可以补充人体所需的多糖。现有文献检索中未见当归多糖锌螯合配位衍生物的报道,亦未见磷酸化多糖锌螯合配位衍生物方面的报道。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足和相关研究领域的空白,提供一种在低温水热条件下、一步法合成高磷酸根含量和高锌含量的膦酸当归多糖复合物。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、膦酸类试剂、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为6.0-10.0,在40-60℃条件下搅拌1-3h;其中,当归多糖、膦酸类试剂、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :(1.0-3.0):(2.0-4.0):(0.05-0.1):(20.0-30.0);
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在反应釜中加热至70-110℃,反应4-6h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、无水乙醇洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
进一步,所述的膦酸类试剂为4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸。
进一步,所述当归多糖为以当归为原料,采用水提醇沉法或水煎煮法等常规方法制得。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种利用上述制备方法制得的膦酸当归多糖复合物。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述膦酸当归多糖复合物在食品添加剂、功能保健食品及药品领域的应用。
本发明的特点和有益效果是:
1、本发明中,膦酸功能基团的引入,为当归多糖构筑了一个带负电荷的亲水性表面结构,有效提高其水溶性及活性;木犀草素具有多种生理活性,如抗氧化作用、抗菌作用、抗病毒作用、抗肿瘤作用等,其结构上有着良好的超分散度和较大的π键共轭体系,分子中的氧具有强配位能力,其分子空间结构有利于配合物的形成。膦酸多糖和辅助配体木犀草素通过氧、氮或氮氧组合与锌离子螯合配位时,会使一些潜在的供体原子游离,而这些游离供体原子可增强螯合物的生物活性,可发挥更强的协同增效作用,增加肠黏膜通透性,提高多种营养物质的消化吸收,提高生物利用度,具有很好的开发应用前景。所得膦酸当归多糖复合物中的磷酸根含量最高可达12.85wt%,锌含量最高可达9.71wt%。
2、本发明采用低温水热一步合成法,合成温度较低,能耗小,可有效节约能源,绿色环保,并减少对环境的污染,具有开发和利用的潜力,便于工业化和技术推广,可在食品添加剂、功能保健食品及药品等领域推广使用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
一、产物中磷酸根含量的测定:
以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,将有机膦转化为无机磷,以钼钒酸盐为显色剂,采用钼蓝比色法测定磷酸根含量;具体如下:
(1)钼酸钠—硫酸溶液配制:将100mL浓硫酸慢慢地加到500mL水中,冷却至室温,得到A液;另称取10g钼酸钠溶于400mL水中,得B液;然后将A液加到B液中,混匀;
(2)过硫酸铵—硫酸钠分解剂配制:称取0.8g过硫酸铵和4.2g无水硫酸钠混合均匀;
(3)称取所得产物,并加入10mL蒸馏水于100mL锥形瓶中,加入1mL、1M硫酸溶液及50mg过硫酸铵—硫酸钠分解剂,将锥形瓶放在置有石棉网的小电炉上均匀加热,煮至溶液刚好干稠并刚冒浓厚白烟为止;
(4)稍冷,加入10mL水、4-40mg亚硫酸钠粉末或10滴甲醇,再在电炉上微沸30-60s取下,将溶液小心转移到50mL比色管中,并用少量水冲洗原锥形瓶几次,洗液并入比色管中,溶液应控制在25mL;
(5)加入4mL钼酸钠—硫酸钠-硫酸溶液及1mL硫酸肼溶液,放入已煮沸的水浴中10min后取出,流水冷却,用水稀释至刻度,立即用1cm比色皿,在580nm波长处,以试剂空白作对照测定其吸光度,从标准曲线上查得相应总磷酸盐的含量。
产物中磷酸盐含量(%)= CV/m ×100%
式中:
C------为580nm处所测吸光度在标准曲线上查得相应的磷酸根浓度;
V------为产物稀释的体积;
m------为产物的质量。
二、产物中锌离子含量的测定:
称取产物1.0g(精确到0.0002g)于250mL锥形瓶中,用滴管缓慢加入乙酸溶液10mL,溶解后再加入50mL蒸馏水,将溶液煮沸5 min,逐去CO2 ; 冷却后,用20wt%六次甲基四胺溶液调节pH值至5-6,加入乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液,滴加3滴二甲酚橙指示剂,用标准EDTA溶液进行滴定,溶液由紫红色变成亮黄色即为终点,同时做空白对照。
产物的锌含量(%)= (cEDTA × VEDTA× MZn /m)× 100%
式中:
cEDTA------为EDTA溶液的浓度;
VEDTA------为产物消耗EDTA溶液的的体积;
MZn------为Zn的相对分子质量;
m------为产物质量。
实施例1
一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为8.0,在55℃条件下搅拌2h;其中,当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :2.0:3.0:0.08:24.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至95℃,反应5h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
经测定,所得产物中磷酸根含量为12.85wt%,锌含量为9.71wt%。
对比例1
一种膦酸化当归多糖的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸和水混合,调节pH值为8.0,在55℃条件下搅拌2h;其中,当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸和水的质量比为1.0 :2.0:24.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至95℃,反应5h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸化当归多糖。
经测定,所得产物中磷酸根含量为9.23wt%。
对比例2
一种当归多糖锌复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为8.0,在55℃条件下搅拌2h;其中,当归多糖、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :3.0:0.08:24.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至95℃,反应5h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
经测定,所得产物中锌含量为7.11wt%。
由实施例1、对比例1和对比例2可以看出,相比于实施例1,对比例1所得产品的磷酸根含量明显降低;对比例2所得产品的锌含量也明显降低。由此可以看出,4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸中的氨基、羟基及磷酸功能基团与木犀草素结构上的π键共轭体系及其分子中具有强配位能力的含氧功能基团之间的协同络合效应增强,可加大结合亲和力并提高配体反应活性。充分证明了磷酸多糖和木犀草素之间具有协同增效作用,协同促进提高磷酸根含量和锌含量。
实施例2
一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为6.0,在45℃条件下搅拌2h;其中,当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :2.0:3.0:0.05:28.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至70℃,反应5h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
经测定,所得产物中磷酸根含量为7.37wt%,锌含量为5.68wt%。
实施例3
一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为10.0,在60℃条件下搅拌1h;其中,当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :2.0:4.0:0.07:30.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至110℃,反应4h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
经测定,所得产物中磷酸根含量为6.74wt%,锌含量为6.93wt%。
实施例4
一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为8.5,在40℃条件下搅拌3h;其中,当归多糖、4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0 :3.0:3.0:0.09:24.0;
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物转入反应釜,加热至90℃,反应4.5h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
经测定,所得产物中磷酸根含量为11.46wt%,锌含量为8.04wt%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种膦酸当归多糖复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将当归多糖、膦酸类试剂、氯化锌和木犀草素经过低温水热法一步合成;
所述的膦酸类试剂为4-氨基-1-羟基亚丁基-1,1-双膦酸;
所述的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将当归多糖、膦酸类试剂、氯化锌、木犀草素和水混合,调节pH值为6.0-10.0,在40-60℃条件下搅拌1-3h;其中,当归多糖、膦酸类试剂、氯化锌、木犀草素和水的质量比为1.0:(1.0-3.0):(2.0-4.0):(0.05-0.1):(20.0-30.0);
(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在反应釜中加热至70-110℃,反应4-6h,得反应混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)的反应混合物离心,取上清液;将上清液经过乙醇沉淀、离心、无水乙醇洗涤、干燥,得到膦酸当归多糖复合物。
2.一种利用权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的膦酸当归多糖复合物。
3.一种权利要求2所述膦酸当归多糖复合物在食品添加剂、功能保健食品及药品领域的应用。
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