CN111555868A - Measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection - Google Patents
Measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
- H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection, which comprises the following specific processes: and simultaneously sending the optical pulse signals generated by the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device to the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device for modulation, and reflecting the modulated optical pulse signals back to the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device for two-photon interference measurement. The invention overcomes the problem of unstable working point of the existing modulation method during key distribution, and can realize passive self-stabilization of signal coding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum information processing, and relates to a measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection.
Background
At present, a one-way measuring device independent quantum key distribution protocol and a plug-and-play two-way measuring device independent quantum key distribution protocol are mainly used in a measuring device independent quantum key distribution experiment. The plug-and-play bidirectional measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution protocol can realize the self-stabilization of the polarization state and the signal light arrival time, ensures the high-quality interference of two photons, has low experimental difficulty and is a promising technical direction in the technical field of future emerging quantum secret communication.
The plug-and-play two-way measurement device irrelevant quantum key distribution protocol appearing in the experiment at present mainly adopts an intensity modulator to realize the modulation of light intensity, and the two types are mainly adopted: waveguide Mach-Zehnder interference type electro-optic intensity modulators and acoustic-optic modulators. Although the acousto-optic modulator has obvious advantages in stability, a large frequency shift is introduced, and security holes are brought. The waveguide Mach-Zehnder interference type electro-optic intensity modulator has excellent electro-optic bandwidth, extinction ratio and other performances, basically does not introduce frequency shift, but has unstable working points and needs feedback compensation to ensure the modulation effect of EOIM.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modulation retro-reflection-based measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method, which solves the problem of unstable working points in key distribution of the existing modulation method and can realize passive self-stabilization of signal coding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a measurement equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection comprises the following specific processes: and simultaneously sending the optical pulse signals generated by the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device to the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device for modulation, and reflecting the modulated optical pulse signals back to the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device for two-photon interference measurement.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the device for generating the Charlie optical signal of the untrusted third party comprises a laser, the laser sends an optical pulse to a beam splitter I in front of a light path, the beam splitter I divides the light path into a transmission light path and a reflection light path, the transmission light path and the reflection light path are respectively connected to the driving end of a retro-reflector of a modulator, and the light pulse signal is respectively sent to the Alice modulation device and the Bob modulation device through the driving end of the retro-reflector of the modulator.
The light path layout of the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device is completely the same, the light path layout comprises an intensity modulator and a beam splitter II which are sequentially arranged along the light path direction, the beam splitter II divides a light beam into a transmission light path and a reflection light path, and the transmission light path and the reflection light path are respectively connected into a polarization beam splitter and then are divided into a transmission light path and a reflection light path and then are connected into a retro-reflector reflection end of the modulator.
The modulation retro-reflection process of the Alice modulation device is as follows: an optical pulse signal reflected by the active end of the modulator retro-reflector directly passes through the intensity modulator and reaches the beam splitter II, a transmission light path and a reflection light path are divided into two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > after passing through the polarization beam splitter respectively, the two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > are subjected to intensity modulation through the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector respectively, are reflected according to the original light paths, and enter an untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device;
the modulation retro-reflection process of the Bob-side modulation device is as follows: the optical pulse signal reflected by the active end of the modulator retro-reflector directly passes through the intensity modulator and reaches the beam splitter II, the transmission light path and the reflection light path are divided into two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > after passing through the polarization beam splitter respectively, the two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > are subjected to intensity modulation through the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector respectively and are reflected according to the original light path, and the reflected optical pulse signal enters the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device.
The device for measuring the Charlie optical signal of the untrusted third party comprises two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends, the two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends receive optical pulses reflected by an Alice-side modulation device and a Bob-side modulation device respectively, a beam splitter II is arranged in front of the light path of the two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends respectively, two polarization beam splitters are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of the beam splitter II, and two single photon detectors are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter respectively.
The measuring process of the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device is as follows: the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device simultaneously reflect and send the modulated light pulses to a reflection end of a modulator retro-reflector in the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measurement device, the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector converges the light pulses to a beam splitter II for two-photon interference, and the two-photon interference response result is a Bell state
And
the correlation of the quantum states prepared by the Alice party and the Bob party can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
And
the sender and the prepared quantum state cannot be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract the generation rate of the security key according to the base comparison process.
The invention has the advantages that the invention can overcome the defect of instability in the traditional modulation process, simultaneously realizes self-compensation of the plug-and-play measuring equipment independent quantum key distribution system, and simplifies the complexity of the system. The invention aims to utilize the physical principle and the advantages of wide view field, easy tracking and light path returning in the original path of the modulation retro-reflector, and is more suitable for the realization of a quantum key distribution system irrelevant to a plug-and-play measuring device of a free space channel, in particular to the safe and reliable key distribution of an unmanned system carrier with dynamically changed channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical pulse signal generating and modulating device in a measurement device independent quantum key distribution method based on modulation and retro-reflection according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical pulse signal modulation and measurement device in a measurement device-independent quantum key distribution method based on modulation and retro-reflection.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a beam splitter I, 3, a driving end of a modulator retro-reflector, 4, an intensity modulator, 5, a beam splitter II, 6, a polarization beam splitter, 7, a reflecting end of the modulator retro-reflector, 8, a single photon detector, 9, an untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device, 10, an Alice side modulation device, 11, a Bob side modulation device and 12, an untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection, which comprises the following specific processes: and (2) simultaneously sending the optical pulse signals generated by the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device to an Alice party modulating device and a Bob party modulating device for modulation, and reflecting the modulated optical pulse signals back to the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device for two-photon interference measurement (the Alice party and the Bob party represent two communication parties sending signals, and Charlie represents a third communication party).
As shown in fig. 1, the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device 9 includes a laser 1, where the laser 1 sends an optical pulse to a beam splitter I2 in front of an optical path, the beam splitter I2 divides the optical path into two optical paths, namely a transmission optical path and a reflection optical path, and both the transmission optical path and the reflection optical path are circularly polarized light.
The transmission optical path and the reflection optical path are respectively connected to the active end 3 of the modulator retro-reflector, and optical pulse signals are respectively transmitted to the Alice-side modulation device 10 and the Bob-side modulation device 11 through the active end 3 of the modulator retro-reflector.
The layout of the light paths of the Alice side modulation device 10 and the Bob side modulation device 11 are completely the same, and the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device comprise an intensity modulator 4 and a beam splitter II5 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the light path, wherein the beam splitter II5 divides the light beam into a transmission light path and a reflection light path, and the transmission light path and the reflection light path are respectively connected into a polarization beam splitter 6 and then are divided into a transmission light path and a reflection light path and then are connected into a modulator retro-reflector reflection. After the transmitted light beam passes through the polarization beam splitter 6, the H component and the V component of the circularly polarized light beam respectively reach the modulation reflection end 7 of the modulator;
the modulation retro-reflection process of the Alice-side modulation device 10 (Bob-side modulation device 11) is as follows: the light pulse signal reflected by the active end 3 of the modulator retro-reflector directly passes through the intensity modulator 4 (the intensity modulator 4 does not work when the light signal starts to be modulated), reaches the beam splitter II5, the transmission light path and the reflection light path are divided into two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > after passing through the polarization beam splitter 6 respectively, the two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > are subjected to intensity modulation by the reflection end 7 of the modulator retro-reflector respectively and are reflected according to the original light paths, the modulated light beams H, V, and + are reflected by the reflection ends 7 of the four modulator retro-reflectors respectively, and then are combined by the two polarization beam splitters 6 respectively, the beams are combined by the beam splitter II5, and finally, the intensity is attenuated by the intensity modulator 4 (namely, the intensity modulator 4 works when the light signal is modulated and reflected), and then the light signal is sent to the untrusted third party Charlie light signal measuring device 12.
The unreliable third-party Charlie optical signal measuring device 12 comprises two modulator retro-reflector driving ends 3, the two modulator retro-reflector driving ends 3 respectively receive optical pulses reflected by an Alice-side modulation device 10 and a Bob-side modulation device 11, a beam splitter II5 is arranged in front of the optical path of the two modulator retro-reflector driving ends 3, two polarization beam splitters 6 are symmetrically arranged in front of the optical path of the beam splitter II5, and two single photon detectors 8 are symmetrically arranged in front of the optical path of each polarization beam splitter 6.
The measurement process of the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measurement device 12 is as follows: the Alice side modulation device 10 and the Bob side modulation device 11 simultaneously reflect and send the modulated light pulses to the active end 3 of the modulator retro-reflector in the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measurement device 12, the active end 3 of the modulator retro-reflector converges the light pulses to the beam splitter II5 for two-photon interference, and the two-photon interference response resultIs in a Bell state
And
the correlation of the quantum states prepared by the Alice party and the Bob party can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
And
the sender and the prepared quantum state cannot be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract the generation rate of the security key according to the base comparison process.
The invention relates to a measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection, which is characterized in that: the advantages of wide view field, easy tracking and returning of the light path in the original path of the modulation retro-reflector are utilized, independent quantum key distribution of the free space channel measuring equipment with dynamically changed channels is easier to realize, self-compensation is realized by adopting a plug-and-play bidirectional structure, and the complexity of the system is simplified.
Claims (6)
1. A measurement device-independent quantum key distribution method based on modulation retro-reflection is characterized in that: the specific process is as follows: and simultaneously sending the optical pulse signals generated by the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device to the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device for modulation, and reflecting the modulated optical pulse signals back to the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device for two-photon interference measurement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the device comprises an untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device and a modulator retro-reflector, wherein the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal generating device comprises a laser, the laser sends optical pulses to a beam splitter I in front of an optical path, the beam splitter I divides the optical path into a transmission optical path and a reflection optical path, the transmission optical path and the reflection optical path are respectively connected to the driving end of the modulator retro-reflector, and the light pulse signals are respectively sent to an Alice modulation device and a Bob modulation device through the driving end of the modulator retro-reflector.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: the light path layout of the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device is completely the same, the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device comprise an intensity modulator and a beam splitter II which are sequentially arranged along the light path direction, the beam splitter II divides a light beam into a transmission light path and a reflection light path, and the transmission light path and the reflection light path are respectively connected into a polarization beam splitter and then are divided into a transmission light path and a reflection light path and then are connected into a retro-reflector reflection end of the modulator.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the modulation retro-reflection process of the Alice modulation device is as follows: an optical pulse signal reflected by the active end of the modulator retro-reflector directly passes through the intensity modulator and reaches the beam splitter II, a transmission light path and a reflection light path are divided into two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > after passing through the polarization beam splitter respectively, the two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > are subjected to intensity modulation through the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector respectively, are reflected according to the original light paths, and enter an untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device;
the modulation retro-reflection process of the Bob-side modulation device is as follows: the optical pulse signal reflected by the active end of the modulator retro-reflector directly passes through the intensity modulator and reaches the beam splitter II, the transmission light path and the reflection light path are divided into two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > after passing through the polarization beam splitter respectively, the two light paths of transmission | H > and reflection | V > are subjected to intensity modulation through the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector respectively and are reflected according to the original light path, and the reflected optical pulse signal enters the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: the device for measuring the Charlie optical signal of the untrusted third party comprises two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends, the two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends receive optical pulses reflected by an Alice-side modulation device and a Bob-side modulation device respectively, a beam splitter II is arranged in front of the light path of the two modulator retro-reflectors reflecting ends respectively, two polarization beam splitters are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of the beam splitter II, and two single photon detectors are symmetrically arranged in front of the light path of each polarization beam splitter respectively. .
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: the measuring process of the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measuring device is as follows: the Alice side modulation device and the Bob side modulation device simultaneously reflect and send the modulated light pulses to a reflection end of a modulator retro-reflector in the untrusted third party Charlie optical signal measurement device, the reflection end of the modulator retro-reflector converges the light pulses to a beam splitter II for two-photon interference, and the two-photon interference response result is a Bell state
And
the correlation of the quantum states prepared by the Alice party and the Bob party can be determined, and the response result is the Bell state
And
the sender and the prepared quantum state cannot be determined, and finally, the two communication parties extract the generation rate of the security key according to the base comparison process.
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| CN206364813U (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-07-28 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring apparatus unrelated quantum key distribution system of PP structures |
| CN108683461A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-19 | 清华大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum communication system of measuring apparatus based on single photon |
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- 2020-04-10 CN CN202010281278.6A patent/CN111555868B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN206364813U (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-07-28 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | A kind of measuring apparatus unrelated quantum key distribution system of PP structures |
| CN109586799A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-05 | 上海国盾量子信息技术有限公司 | A kind of the polarization feedback method and its device of polarization encoder measuring device system without interaction |
| CN108683461A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-19 | 清华大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum communication system of measuring apparatus based on single photon |
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