CN115189870A - Continuous variable quantum key distribution system and method for resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening - Google Patents
Continuous variable quantum key distribution system and method for resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening Download PDFInfo
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- CN115189870A CN115189870A CN202210800116.8A CN202210800116A CN115189870A CN 115189870 A CN115189870 A CN 115189870A CN 202210800116 A CN202210800116 A CN 202210800116A CN 115189870 A CN115189870 A CN 115189870A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/508—Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of quantum secret communication, in particular to a continuous variable quantum key distribution system and method capable of resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening. The system comprises a continuous laser, a pulse modulation module, a polarization beam splitter, a quantum signal modulation module, an adjustable attenuator, a polarization beam combiner, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a measuring base selection module, a pulse shaping module, a balance detection module and the like. The system can effectively inhibit the pulse broadening effect generated after the local oscillator light is transmitted in the free space, and solve the problem of the reduction of the security key rate caused by the local oscillator light pulse broadening in the current quantum secret communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum secret communication, in particular to a continuous variable quantum key distribution system and method capable of resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening.
Background
The Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) system has the advantages of universality with classical optical communication equipment, high key rate, low cost and the like, and has great development potential in the fields of secure communication, metropolitan area quantum network construction and the like. Compared with an optical fiber channel, the CVQKD system of the free space channel has the advantages of high flexibility, easiness in system construction, wide coverage range and the like. However, since the signal light is severely affected by the atmospheric turbulence, the system key distribution distance is generally short and the rate is low. One important reason is that the atmospheric turbulence causes pulse broadening effect generated by local oscillation light, which seriously reduces the secure key rate of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system. Therefore, reducing the pulse broadening effect of the local oscillator light becomes one of the key problems for improving the security key rate of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
In order to reduce the pulse broadening effect of local oscillator light in a continuous variable quantum key distribution system and improve the security key rate of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system, a continuous variable quantum key distribution system capable of detecting and pulse shaping the local oscillator light in real time is needed to realize system optimization and safety key rate improvement of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the continuous variable quantum key distribution system and the method for resisting local oscillator optical pulse broadening aiming at the optimization requirement of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a continuous variable quantum key distribution system resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening effect comprises an Alice transmitting module 100 and a Bob receiving module 200, wherein the Alice transmitting module 100 and the Bob receiving module 200 are communicated through a free space atmosphere channel 112;
the Alice transmitting module 100 comprises a continuous laser 101, a pulse modulation module 102, a polarization beam splitter 105, a quantum signal modulation module 106, an adjustable attenuator 109, a polarization beam combiner 110 and a transmitting antenna 111;
the continuous laser 101 emits a continuous laser signal;
the pulse modulation module 102 includes an amplitude modulator 103 and an amplitude modulator 104, and is configured to modulate a continuous laser signal emitted by the continuous laser 101 and output a pulse laser signal;
the polarization beam splitter 105 is configured to split an input optical signal and output a strong light and a weak light which are polarized vertically, where the strong light is used as local oscillator light and the weak light is used as to-be-modulated quantum signal light;
the quantum signal modulation module 106 comprises an amplitude modulator 107 and a phase modulator 108, and is configured to perform gaussian modulation on the weak optical signal output by the polarization beam splitter 105 to enable the weak optical signal to carry a positionXAnd momentumP；
The adjustable attenuator 109 is used for attenuating the gaussian modulated weak light signal, so that the weak light signal is attenuated into a quantum signal;
the polarization beam combiner 110 is configured to combine the vertically polarized quantum signal light and the local oscillator beam into a beam of light, so as to implement polarization multiplexing;
the transmitting antenna 111 is configured to transmit the combined optical signal, so that the optical signal enters the free space atmosphere channel 112 for transmission;
the Bob receiving module 200 comprises a receiving antenna 201, a polarization beam splitter 202, a pulse shaping module 203, a measurement basis selection module 207 and a balance detection module 209;
the receiving antenna 201 is configured to receive a combined light signal transmitted through the free space atmospheric channel 112, and input the combined light signal to the polarization beam splitter 202;
the polarization beam splitter 202 is configured to perform polarization demultiplexing on an input combined beam optical signal, and output a local oscillator light and a quantum signal light, where the quantum signal light is input to the balance detection module 209, and the local oscillator light is input to the pulse shaping module 203;
the pulse shaping module 203 comprises a beam splitter 204, a detector 205 and an amplitude modulator 206, and is configured to detect a pulse waveform of the local oscillator light in real time and perform pulse shaping on the local oscillator light;
the measurement basis selection module 207 includes a phase modulator 208 for performing phase modulation on the input local oscillator light, so that the phase difference between the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light at the receiving end is switched between 0 and pi/2, and the balance detection module 209 detects the quantum signal atXAndPswitching between the two modes;
the balance detection module 209 is configured to perform balance homodyne detection on the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light to obtain a final measurement result.
A continuous variable quantum key distribution method for resisting local oscillator optical pulse broadening effect uses the continuous variable quantum key distribution system for resisting local oscillator optical pulse broadening effect to distribute continuous variable quantum keys, and comprises the following steps:
1) Generating, modulating and transmitting local oscillation light and quantum signal light; the concrete mode is as follows:
(101) Opening the continuous laser 101, adjusting the pulse modulation module 102, outputting a pulse laser signal, and splitting the pulse laser signal into local oscillator light and quantum signal light with vertical polarization by using a polarization beam splitter 104;
(102) Inputting the quantum signal light obtained in the step (101) into a quantum signal modulation module 106, performing gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light, and inputting the quantum signal light after gaussian modulation into a beam combiner 110;
(103) Inputting the local oscillator light obtained in the step (101) into a beam combiner 110, combining the local oscillator light with the quantum signal light subjected to Gaussian modulation in the step (102) to obtain combined light, and performing polarization multiplexing;
(104) Inputting the combined beam light into a transmitting antenna 111, and transmitting the combined beam light to a free space atmospheric channel 112 by the transmitting antenna 111;
local oscillator light and quantum signal light are transmitted in a free space atmosphere channel 112, and the local oscillator light generates a pulse broadening effect due to the influence of effects such as atmospheric turbulence and the like;
2) Receiving, shaping and detecting local oscillation light and quantum signal light; the concrete mode is as follows:
(201) The combined beam light transmitted by the free space atmospheric channel 112 is received by the receiving antenna 201, input to the polarization beam splitter 202, and subjected to depolarization multiplexing to separate the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light which are vertically polarized;
(202) Inputting the local oscillator light separated in the step (201) into a pulse shaping module 203, wherein the pulse shaping module 203 is used for detecting the pulse waveform of the local oscillator light in real time, performing pulse shaping on the local oscillator light, and then inputting the local oscillator light after the pulse shaping into a measurement base selection module 204;
(203) The measurement base selection module 204 performs phase modulation on the input local oscillator light to make the phase difference between the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light at the receiving end be 0 andπthe/2 is switched to ensure that the balance detection module detects the quantum signals in positionXAnd momentumPSwitching between the two modes;
(204) The quantum signal light separated in the step (201) and the local oscillator light output by the measurement basis selection module 204 in the step (203) are input to the balance detection module 209 for homodyne detection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the system can effectively inhibit the pulse broadening effect generated after the local oscillator light is transmitted in the free space, and solves the problem of the reduction of the security key rate caused by the local oscillator light pulse broadening in the current quantum secret communication system.
2. The invention has simple structure and strong universality, and is suitable for local oscillation optical pulse broadening effect caused by any reason, including but not limited to atmospheric turbulence effect, gaussian modulation error and the like.
3. The invention can detect and shape the pulse of the local oscillator light in real time and has good application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a pulse waveform conversion diagram in an embodiment of the present invention, which is used to show a magnitude relationship and a conversion relationship between local oscillator optical pulse broadening and quantum signal optical pulse broadening.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
A continuous variable quantum key distribution system for resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening effect, a structural block diagram of which is shown in fig. 1, includes: alice transmitting module 100, continuous laser 101, pulse modulating module 102, amplitude modulator 103, amplitude modulator 104, polarization beam splitter 105, quantum signal modulating module 106, amplitude modulator 107, phase modulator 108, adjustable attenuator 109, polarization beam combiner 110, transmitting antenna 111, free space atmosphere channel 112, bob receiving module 200, receiving antenna 201, polarization beam splitter 202, pulse shaping module 203, beam splitter 204, detector 205, amplitude modulator 206, measurement basis selecting module 207, phase modulator 208, and balance detecting module 209.
The Alice transmitting module comprises a continuous laser, a pulse modulation module, a polarization beam splitter, a quantum signal modulation module, an adjustable attenuator, a polarization beam combiner and a transmitting antenna;
the continuous laser emits continuous laser signals with common wavelengths in a quantum secret communication system;
the pulse modulation module comprises an amplitude modulator and an amplitude modulator, and is used for modulating the continuous laser signal and outputting a pulse laser signal;
the polarization beam splitter is used for splitting the input optical signal and outputting two beams of optical signals with one strong beam and one weak beam which are vertically polarized, wherein the strong light is used as local oscillator light, and the weak light is used as quantum signal light to be modulated;
the quantum signal modulation module comprises an amplitude modulator and a phase modulator and is used for carrying out Gaussian modulation on the weak light signal output by the beam splitter to enable the weak light signal to carry a positionXAnd momentumP；
The adjustable attenuator is used for attenuating the Gaussian modulated weak light signal to enable the weak light signal to be attenuated into a quantum signal;
the polarization beam combiner is used for combining the quantum signal light with vertical polarization and the local oscillator beam into a beam of light to realize polarization multiplexing;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting the combined optical signal and enabling the optical signal to enter a free space atmosphere channel for transmission;
the Bob receiving module comprises a receiving antenna, a polarization beam splitter, a pulse shaping module, a measurement basis selection module and a balance detection module;
the receiving antenna is used for receiving the beam combination optical signal transmitted by the free space atmospheric channel and inputting the beam combination optical signal into the polarization beam splitter;
the polarization beam splitter is used for carrying out depolarization multiplexing on the input combined beam optical signal and outputting local oscillator light and quantum signal light, wherein the quantum signal light is input into the balance detection module, and the local oscillator light is input into the pulse shaping module;
the pulse shaping module comprises a beam splitter, a detector and an amplitude modulator and is used for detecting the pulse waveform of the local oscillation light in real time and carrying out pulse shaping on the local oscillation light;
the measurement base selection module comprises a phase modulator which is used for carrying out phase modulation on input local oscillator light, so that the phase difference of the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light at a receiving end is switched between 0 and pi/2, and the balance detection module is used for detecting the quantum signal atXAndPswitching between the two;
the balance detection module is used for carrying out balance homodyne detection on the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light to obtain a final measurement result.
The quantum key distribution process adopting the device is as follows:
1) And generating, modulating and transmitting the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light.
step 2, the quantum signal light output in the step 1 is input into a quantum signal modulation module 106, gaussian modulation is performed on the quantum signal light, and the quantum signal light after gaussian modulation is input into a beam combiner 110;
step 3, inputting the local oscillator light in the step 1 into the beam combiner 110 in the step 2, and combining the local oscillator light with the quantum signal light subjected to Gaussian modulation in the step 2 to perform polarization multiplexing;
step 4, inputting the combined beam light into a transmitting antenna 111, and transmitting the combined beam light to a free space atmospheric channel 112 by the transmitting antenna 111;
and 5, transmitting the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light in the free space atmosphere channel 112, wherein the local oscillator light generates a pulse broadening effect due to the influence of effects such as atmosphere turbulence and the like.
2) Receiving, shaping and detecting the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light.
step 2, the local oscillator light separated in the step 1 is input into a pulse shaping module 203, the pulse shaping module 203 is used for detecting the pulse waveform of the local oscillator light in real time, performing pulse shaping on the local oscillator light, and then inputting the local oscillator light after the pulse shaping into a measurement base selection module 204;
step 3, in step 2, the measurement base selection module 204 performs phase modulation on the input local oscillation light, so that the phase difference between the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light at the receiving end is between 0 andπthe/2 is switched to ensure that the balance detection module detects the quantum signalXAndPswitching between the two;
and 4, inputting the quantum signal light separated in the step 1 and the local oscillator light output by the measurement base selection module 204 in the step 3 into the balance detection module 209 for homodyne detection to obtain modulation information of the quantum signal light.
The device can realize real-time pulse shaping of local oscillator light of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system, and avoids reduction of the system security key rate caused by local oscillator light pulse broadening.
Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of local oscillator optical pulse shaping according to the present invention, where the shaping process has the following features:
1. the pulse width of the local oscillator light before transmission is matched with the pulse width of the quantum signal light:
as shown in fig. 2 (a), the pulse waveforms of the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light before transmission,A LO representing the amplitude of the local oscillator light,A sig representing the amplitude of the quantum signal light, the pulse width between the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light is approximately equal, and the polarization direction is vertical.
2. After transmission, the local oscillator optical pulse width before pulse shaping is greater than the quantum signal optical pulse width:
as shown in fig. 2 (b), the pulse waveforms of the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light after transmission and before pulse shaping,A LO representing the amplitude of the local oscillator light,A sig representing the amplitude of the quantum signal light, wherein the local oscillation light pulse broadening is larger than the pulse width of the quantum signal light, and the polarization direction is vertical.
3. The pulse-shaped local oscillator light pulse width is smaller than the quantum signal light pulse width:
as shown in fig. 2 (c), the pulse waveforms of the pulse-shaped local oscillator light and the quantum signal light,A LO representing the amplitude of the local oscillator light,A sig representing the amplitude of the quantum signal light, wherein the local oscillation light pulse broadening is smaller than the pulse width of the quantum signal light, and the polarization direction is vertical.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A continuous variable quantum key distribution system resisting local oscillation optical pulse broadening effect is characterized by comprising an Alice transmitting module (100) and a Bob receiving module (200), wherein the Alice transmitting module (100) and the Bob receiving module (200) communicate through a free space atmospheric channel (112);
the Alice transmitting module (100) comprises a continuous laser (101), a pulse modulation module (102), a polarization beam splitter (105), a quantum signal modulation module (106), an adjustable attenuator (109), a polarization beam combiner (110) and a transmitting antenna (111);
the continuous laser (101) emits a continuous laser signal;
the pulse modulation module (102) comprises an amplitude modulator (103) and an amplitude modulator (104) and is used for modulating a continuous laser signal emitted by the continuous laser (101) and outputting a pulse laser signal;
the polarization beam splitter (105) is used for splitting an input optical signal and outputting a strong light and a weak light which are vertically polarized, wherein the strong light is used as local oscillator light, and the weak light is used as quantum signal light to be modulated;
the quantum signal modulation module (106) comprises an amplitude modulator (107) and a phase modulator (108) and is used for carrying out Gaussian modulation on the weak optical signal output by the polarization beam splitter (105) to enable the weak optical signal to carry a positionXAnd momentumP；
The adjustable attenuator (109) is used for attenuating the Gaussian modulated weak light signal to enable the weak light signal to be attenuated into a quantum signal;
the polarization beam combiner (110) is used for combining the quantum signal light with vertical polarization and the local oscillator light into a beam of light to realize polarization multiplexing;
the transmitting antenna (111) is used for transmitting the combined optical signal, so that the optical signal enters a free space atmosphere channel (112) for transmission;
the Bob receiving module (200) comprises a receiving antenna (201), a polarization beam splitter (202), a pulse shaping module (203), a measurement basis selection module (207) and a balance detection module (209);
the receiving antenna (201) is used for receiving the beam-combined optical signal transmitted by the free space atmospheric channel (112) and inputting the beam-combined optical signal into the polarization beam splitter (202);
the polarization beam splitter (202) is used for carrying out depolarization multiplexing on an input combined beam optical signal and outputting a local oscillator light and a quantum signal light, wherein the quantum signal light is input into the balance detection module (209), and the local oscillator light is input into the pulse shaping module (203);
the pulse shaping module (203) comprises a beam splitter (204), a detector (205) and an amplitude modulator (206), and is used for detecting the pulse waveform of the local oscillation light in real time and carrying out pulse shaping on the local oscillation light;
the measurement base selection module (207) comprises a phase modulator (208) which is used for carrying out phase modulation on input local oscillator light, so that the phase difference of the local oscillator light and quantum signal light at a receiving end is switched between 0 and pi/2, and the balance detection module (209) is used for detecting the quantum signal atXAndPswitching between the two;
and the balance detection module (209) is used for carrying out balance homodyne detection on the local oscillator light and the quantum signal light to obtain a final measurement result.
2. A continuous variable quantum key distribution method for resisting local oscillator optical pulse broadening effect, wherein the continuous variable quantum key distribution system for resisting local oscillator optical pulse broadening effect according to claim 1 is used for continuous variable quantum key distribution, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Generating, modulating and transmitting local oscillation light and quantum signal light; the concrete mode is as follows:
(101) Opening a continuous laser (101), adjusting a pulse modulation module (102), outputting a pulse laser signal, and splitting the pulse laser signal into local oscillator light and quantum signal light which are vertical in polarization by using a polarization beam splitter (104);
(102) Inputting the quantum signal light obtained in the step (101) into a quantum signal modulation module (106), carrying out Gaussian modulation on the quantum signal light, and inputting the quantum signal light after Gaussian modulation into a beam combiner (110);
(103) Inputting the local oscillator light obtained in the step (101) into a beam combiner (110), combining the local oscillator light with the quantum signal light subjected to Gaussian modulation in the step (102) to obtain combined beam light, and performing polarization multiplexing;
(104) Inputting the combined beam of light into a transmitting antenna (111), the transmitting antenna (111) transmitting the combined beam of light to a free-space atmospheric channel (112);
local oscillator light and quantum signal light are transmitted in a free space atmosphere channel (112), and the local oscillator light generates a pulse broadening effect due to the influence of effects such as atmospheric turbulence and the like;
2) Receiving, shaping and detecting local oscillation light and quantum signal light; the concrete method is as follows:
(201) The combined light transmitted by the free space atmosphere channel (112) is received by a receiving antenna (201), input into a polarization beam splitter (202), and subjected to polarization demultiplexing to separate local oscillation light and quantum signal light which are vertical in polarization;
(202) Inputting the local oscillator light separated in the step (201) into a pulse shaping module (203), wherein the pulse shaping module (203) is used for detecting the pulse waveform of the local oscillator light in real time, carrying out pulse shaping on the local oscillator light, and then inputting the local oscillator light after the pulse shaping into a measurement base selection module (204);
(203) The measuring base selection module (204) performs phase modulation on the input local oscillation light to enable the phase difference between the local oscillation light and the quantum signal light at a receiving end to be between 0 andπthe/2 is switched to ensure that the balance detection module detects the quantum signals in positionXAnd momentumPSwitching between the two;
(204) And (3) inputting the quantum signal light separated in the step (201) and the local oscillator light output by the measurement base selection module (204) in the step (203) into a balance detection module (209) for homodyne detection.
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| CN116125724A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-05-16 | 合肥硅臻芯片技术有限公司 | Quantum light pulse generating device and method |
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| CN116125724A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-05-16 | 合肥硅臻芯片技术有限公司 | Quantum light pulse generating device and method |
| CN116125724B (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-06-16 | 合肥硅臻芯片技术有限公司 | Quantum light pulse generating device and method |
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