CN216016875U - Quantum key distribution system based on phase encoding - Google Patents
Quantum key distribution system based on phase encoding Download PDFInfo
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- CN216016875U CN216016875U CN202220141823.6U CN202220141823U CN216016875U CN 216016875 U CN216016875 U CN 216016875U CN 202220141823 U CN202220141823 U CN 202220141823U CN 216016875 U CN216016875 U CN 216016875U
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- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
A quantum key distribution system based on phase coding comprises a narrow pulse, a narrow linewidth laser DFB, an emitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, F1 sections of polarization maintaining optical fibers, delay lines FDC1 and F2 sections of polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtails which are connected with the polarization maintaining optical fibers, an emitting end polarization beam splitter PBS1, an emitting end 1/4 wave plate WP1, a single-photon control tunable attenuator ATT, a receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2, a receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, F3 sections of polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay lines FDC2, F4 sections of polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtails, a directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, a first receiving single-photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single-photon counter SPCM 2. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an interferometer uses the Y waveguide, interferes ring two arms at the transmitting terminal and all carries out 2 phase modulation at random, and usable digital signal is as the phase modulation voltage, consequently can make the high-speed repetition frequency of system adaptation. The interferometer does not need a separate phase modulator, and the integration and miniaturization degree of the interferometer can be improved by adopting the waveguide.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optical transmission safety communication technical field, in particular to quantum key distribution system based on phase coding.
Background
The quantum key distribution can provide unconditional safe key distribution for both remote communication parties, and the information theory safety of the quantum key distribution is guaranteed by the basic principle of quantum mechanics. However, the key generation rate of the current QKD system is low and cannot meet the encryption requirements of the existing conventional optical fiber communication. A conventional phase encoding scheme is an unequal arm mach-zehnder interferometer scheme. In the scheme, a transmitting end light pulse is divided into front and rear sub-pulses after passing through an unequal arm interferometer, the front and rear sub-pulses further become four pulses after reaching a receiving end and passing through the same interferometer, and the optical power of each pulse is 1/4 of the total optical power without considering the loss of a device. Wherein, the two pulses pass through the same optical path (the paths of the long arm + the short arm and the short arm + the long arm) and interfere with each other at the second beam splitter of the receiving end interferometer, and the other two pulses respectively pass through the paths of the long arm + the long arm and the short arm + the short arm without interfering and are discarded. The optical power of the interference peak is 1/2 of the total optical power, i.e. the light energy utilization of the scheme is 1/2, and the final security key rate is proportional thereto. In addition, the conventional interferometer is formed by welding discrete devices such as an optical fiber beam splitter, a phase modulator and the like through optical fibers, the manufacturing is complex, the size is large, 4 phase modulation voltages are needed for single phase modulation, the requirement on a modulation circuit is high, and the modulation rate is limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To prior art defect above, the utility model provides a quantum key distribution system based on phase coding as follows:
the technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this:
a quantum key distribution system based on phase coding comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end which are connected with each other through an F5 section optical fiber channel, wherein the transmitting end comprises a narrow pulse, a narrow line width laser DFB, a transmitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, an F1 section polarization maintaining optical fiber and a delay line FDC1, an F2 section polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail, a transmitting end polarization beam splitter PBS1, a transmitting end 1/4 wave plate WP1 and a single photon control tunable attenuator ATT which are connected with the narrow pulse and narrow line width laser DFB, two output ends of the transmitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC are respectively connected with an F1 section polarization maintaining optical fiber and a delay line FDC1 and an F2 section polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail which are connected with the F3684 section polarization maintaining optical fiber, the F1 section polarization maintaining optical fiber and a delay line FDC1 and an F2 section polarization maintaining optical fiber WP pigtail which are connected with the transmitting end polarization beam splitter 1, the transmitting end 1 is sequentially connected with a PBS 1/4 and the tunable attenuator ATT 1,
the receiving end comprises a receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2, a receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, an F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2, an F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, a directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, a first receiving single photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single photon counter SPCM2, the receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2 is connected with the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, two output ends of the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2 are respectively connected with the F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and the F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, the F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and the F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber are respectively connected with two input ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, and two single photon output ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM are respectively connected with the first receiving end SPCM1 and the second receiving single photon counter SPCM 2.
Preferably, the emitter four-state phase modulator MIOC is formed by a lithium niobate crystal Y-shaped branch waveguide, two paths of the Y-shaped branch waveguide are respectively provided with electrodes, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded to form two phase modulators, the upper pulse and the lower pulse can be respectively subjected to random phase modulation by applying voltage to the electrodes, wherein the upper modulation phase is
Down modulation phase
。
Preferably, the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM is formed by an X-shaped branch waveguide of a lithium niobate crystal, and two of the X-shaped branch waveguidesElectrodes are respectively arranged on the two paths, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded to form two phase modulators, the upper pulse and the lower pulse can be respectively subjected to random phase modulation by applying voltage to the electrodes, wherein the phase of the upper path modulation
Down modulation phase
(ii) a The other two paths are respectively connected with a first receiving single-photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single-photon counter SPCM 2.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses there is following beneficial effect:
(1) the utility model discloses an interferometer uses the Y waveguide, interferes ring two arms at the transmitting terminal and all carries out 2 phase modulation at random, and usable digital signal is as the phase modulation voltage, consequently can make the high-speed repetition frequency of system adaptation.
(2) The interferometer does not need a separate phase modulator, and the integration and miniaturization degree of the interferometer can be improved by adopting the waveguide.
(3) The system uses the 1/4 wave plate, so that the whole system complexity caused by a deviation correcting system can be saved, and the system has higher practical value.
(4) The time mode carries out polarization multiplexing through a polarization beam splitter PBS, so that a non-interference peak in a conventional MZ interferometer can be eliminated, the photon utilization efficiency is improved by one time, and the corresponding code forming rate can also be improved by one time.
(5) The Y waveguide manufacturing technology is mature, and mass production can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the quantum key distribution system based on phase encoding of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.
As shown in fig. 1, a quantum key distribution system based on phase coding includes an emission end and a receiving end connected to each other through an F5-segment optical fiber channel, where the emission end includes a narrow pulse, a narrow line width laser DFB, an emission end four-state phase modulator MIOC, an F1-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber, and a delay line FDC1, an F2-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail, an emission end polarization beam splitter PBS1, an emission end 1/4 wave plate WP1, and a single photon control tunable attenuator ATT connected to the foregoing, the narrow pulse and narrow line width laser DFB is connected to the emission end four-state phase modulator MIOC, two output ends of the emission end four-state phase modulator MIOC are respectively connected to an F1-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber, and a delay line FDC1, an F2-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail connected to the same, the F1-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the delay line FDC1, the F63 2-segment polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail connected to the same are respectively connected to an emission end polarization beam splitter 1, and the emission end PBS1 is sequentially connected to an emission end polarization adjustable single photon control attenuator 1/4 The system comprises a harmonic attenuator ATT, a receiving end interferometer and a transmitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, wherein two output ends of the transmitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC are respectively connected with two input ports of a transmitting end polarization beam splitter PBS1 through an F1 section of polarization-maintaining optical fiber and a delay line FDC1 and an F2 section of polarization-maintaining optical fiber pigtail which are connected with the polarization-maintaining optical fiber;
the receiving end comprises a receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2, a receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, an F3 polarization-maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2, an F4 polarization-maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, a directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, a first receiving single photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single photon counter SPCM2, the receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2 is connected with a receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, two output ends of the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2 are respectively connected with an F3 polarization-maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and an F4 polarization-maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, the F3 polarization-maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and the F4 polarization-maintaining optical fiber tail fiber are respectively connected with two input ends of a directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, two output ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM are respectively connected with a first receiving end SPCM1 and a second receiving end SPCM2, two output ends of the receiving end polarization beam splitter 2 and two input ends of the PBS 3 polarization-maintaining optical fiber tail fiber are respectively connected with two input ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM through a F4 polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter DCPM 4934 The connecting delay line FDC2 and the F4 section polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail are connected to form a receiving end interferometer, in addition, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the optical axis direction and the horizontal direction of an emission end 1/4 wave plate WP1 and a receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2, the former is used for changing the photon polarization state from linear polarization to circular polarization, and the latter is used for changing the circular polarization to the linear polarization state.
The MIOC (micro-electro-mechanical-optical) phase modulator at the transmitting end is composed of a lithium niobate crystal Y-shaped branch waveguide, electrodes are respectively added to two paths of the Y-shaped branch waveguide, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded to form two phase modulators, the upper pulse and the lower pulse can be respectively subjected to random phase modulation by applying voltage to the electrodes, wherein the upper modulation phase is
Down modulation phase
。
The directional coupling phase modulator DCPM is composed of lithium niobate crystal X-shaped branch waveguides, two paths of the X-shaped branch waveguides are respectively provided with electrodes, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded to form two phase modulators, the upper pulse and the lower pulse can be respectively subjected to random phase modulation by applying voltage to the electrodes, wherein the upper modulation phase is
Down modulation phase
(ii) a The other two paths are respectively connected with a first receiving single-photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single-photon counter SPCM 2.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
the narrow-pulse and narrow-linewidth laser DFB generates horizontally polarized pulse light P0, the horizontally polarized pulse light P0 is divided into two sub-pulses P1 and P2 with the same polarization and the same amplitude through a transmitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, wherein P1 goes down and the phase modulator on the down-path modulates the phase
Then enters the emission end polarization beam splitter PBS1 after passing through the polarization maintaining optical fiber F2, and exits from the output port of the emission end polarization beam splitter PBS1, and the polarization state is still horizontal polarization. P2 goes on the way, and the phase is modulated by the phase modulator on the way
And then the polarization state enters the emission end polarization beam splitter PBS1 after passing through the F1 section of polarization-maintaining optical fiber and the connected delay line FDC1 and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber F1, and is emitted out of the output port of the emission end polarization beam splitter PBS1, the polarization state is changed into vertical polarization, and the polarization state lags behind P1 by time t, wherein the time t is equal to the propagation time of P2 in the F1 section of polarization-maintaining optical fiber and the connected delay line FDC1, and is the photon propagation time corresponding to the arm length difference of the interferometer. The phase difference between P1 and P2 is
，
And
the 2 possible phases can be combined to obtain
(the phase is herein written in [, ]
]Within a period of time). Thus a quantum state can be written as
1/4 wave plate has a Jones matrix of
The horizontal polarization state and the vertical polarization state can be respectively expressed as Jones matrix
So that the polarization state of P1 becomes right-handed circular polarization state after passing through the first 1/4 wave plate, i.e., P1 is polarized in the right-handed circular polarization state
The P2 changes its polarization state into a left-handed circular polarization state after passing through the first 1/4 wave plate
For an ideal single-mode optical fiber channel, the polarization state does not change during transmission in the circular polarization state, so that after the transmission in the channel reaches the receiving end, the polarization states of P1 and P2 are still the right-hand circular polarization state and the left-hand circular polarization state, respectively. After the two pass through the second quarter-wave plate in sequence, the polarization state is respectively changed into vertical polarization and horizontal polarization, namely
P1 changes into vertical polarization state V, enters the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, is output from the upper path of the polarization beam splitter, enters the long arm of the receiving end interferometer, and is modulated in phase by the phase modulator on the upper path of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM
(ii) a P2 is changed into horizontal polarization state H, enters into the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, is output from the lower path, enters into the short arm of the receiving end interferometer, and is modulated in phase by the phase modulator of the down path of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM
. The phase difference of the receiving end modulation is
. The phase-modulated P1 and P2 interfere at the coupler of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, and the interference result can be written as
Wherein,
。
according to the method, different phases are modulated by a sending end and a receiving end, interference results can enter different single photon detectors to generate an initial secret key, and a safe quantum secret key can be generated through post-processing operations such as base pairing, error correction, secret amplification and the like.
Claims (3)
1. A quantum key distribution system based on phase coding is characterized by comprising an emitting end and a receiving end which are connected with each other through an F5-section optical fiber channel, wherein the emitting end comprises a narrow pulse, a narrow line width laser DFB, an emitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, an F1-section polarization-maintaining optical fiber, a delay line FDC1 connected with the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, an F2-section polarization-maintaining optical fiber pigtail, an emitting end polarization beam splitter PBS1, an emitting end 1/4 73773725 wave plate WP 3 and a tunable single-photon control attenuator ATT, the narrow pulse and narrow line width laser DFB are connected with the emitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC, two output ends of the emitting end four-state phase modulator MIOC are respectively connected with an F1-section polarization-maintaining optical fiber, a delay line FDC1 connected with the polarization-maintaining optical fiber pigtail, an F2-section polarization maintaining optical fiber pigtail, the F1-section polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the delay line FDC1 and F2-section polarization-maintaining optical fiber pigtail connected with the F1-section polarization beam splitter PBS1, and a single-photon control PBS 1/4 The tunable attenuator ATT is arranged to be,
the receiving end comprises a receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2, a receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, an F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2, an F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, a directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, a first receiving single photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single photon counter SPCM2, the receiving end 1/4 wave plate WP2 is connected with the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2, two output ends of the receiving end polarization beam splitter PBS2 are respectively connected with the F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and the F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber, the F3 section polarization maintaining optical fiber connection delay line FDC2 and the F4 section polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber are respectively connected with two input ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM, and two single photon output ends of the directional coupling phase modulator DCPM are respectively connected with the first receiving end SPCM1 and the second receiving single photon counter SPCM 2.
2. The phase-coding-based quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the emitter four-state phase modulator MIOC is formed by a lithium niobate crystal Y-shaped branched waveguide, two paths of the Y-shaped waveguide are respectively provided with electrodes, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded and form two phase modulators, and random phase modulation can be respectively performed on the upper pulse and the lower pulse by applying voltages to the electrodes, wherein the phase of the upper modulation is phase-modulated
Down modulation phase
。
3. The phase-coding-based quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the DCPM is formed by an X-shaped branched waveguide of lithium niobate crystal, two paths of the X-shaped branched waveguide are respectively provided with electrodes, the two electrodes in the middle are grounded to form two phase modulators, and random phase modulation can be respectively performed on the upper pulse and the lower pulse by applying voltage to the electrodes, wherein the phase of the upper path modulation is phase-modulated
Down modulation phase
(ii) a The other two paths are respectively a first receiving single-photon counter SPCM1 and a second receiving single-photon counter SPCM 2.
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| WO2023246768A1 (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting time delay difference between unequal-arm interferometer chip and time phase coding chip |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023246768A1 (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting time delay difference between unequal-arm interferometer chip and time phase coding chip |
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