CN103546280A - Encoder and decoder for quantum cryptographic communication - Google Patents
Encoder and decoder for quantum cryptographic communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN103546280A CN103546280A CN201310516971.7A CN201310516971A CN103546280A CN 103546280 A CN103546280 A CN 103546280A CN 201310516971 A CN201310516971 A CN 201310516971A CN 103546280 A CN103546280 A CN 103546280A
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Abstract
The invention provides an encoder and decoder for quantum cryptographic communication. The encoding and decoding functions of a BB84 protocol can be achieved through the encoder and the decoder. According to the encoder and decoder for quantum cryptographic communication, an optical switch device is used at a transmitting terminal, so that optical pulse passes through a plurality of interferometers randomly, the phase differences between long arms and short arms of the interferometers are k*2phi+phi/2 sequentially, and therefore the encoding function required by the BB84 protocol is achieved; a measurement base is randomly selected in a passive mode through an optical beam splitter at a receiving terminal and the decoding function is achieved through the interferometers with the phase differences of the long arms and the short arms to be k*2phi+phi/2. Due to the adoption of the interferometers, high-speed phase modulators do not need to be used in the interferometers, the limit to speed by round-trip time is broken, a phase modulation drive circuit can be obtained through devices according to a low-speed design scheme, the difficulty in achieving a high-speed quantum cryptographic communication system is greatly reduced, and the encoder and the decoder are quite suitable for achieving high-speed quantum cryptographic communication. If the structure of the Michelson interferometer (F-M) with a Faraday reflector adopted is used, the self-adaptation compensation capacity for dealing with polarization disturbance in an optical path is further achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to quantum cryptography communication technical field, particularly for the encoder of quantum cryptography communication.
Background technology
Quantum cryptography communication combines quantum physics principle and modern communication technology.Quantum cryptography communication ensures the fail safe of strange land cipher key agreement process and result by physical principle, be combined with " one-time pad " encryption technology, can realize the secure communication that does not rely on algorithm complex.
At present, quanta cryptology technique main, distributed by free space or fiber channel as realizing carrier with light quantum.Classical random bit is loaded into by modes such as polarization encoder, phase codes on the physical quantitys such as polarization, phase place of light quantum.Now, optical fiber communication has become architecture and the development trend of present information transmission, carries out that quantum cryptography communication has very important significance and application prospect in fiber channel.In fiber channel during transmission light quantum signal, its polarization state can be subject to the impact of the intrinsic birefringent characteristic of optical fiber self, and birefringent characteristic in light path and channel can be subject to the impact of external environment and change, therefore in order to guarantee the stability of polarization encoder quantum cryptography system, need to use polarization feedback device.When the interference variations that is subject to when system is very fast, it is more consuming time that feedback procedure will become, and the difficulty of keeping system stable operation also will increase greatly.
Key generating rate is one of core index of quantum cipher communication system.Therefore, the quantum cryptography system of high operate frequency is an important directions of quantum cryptography communication technical development.Along with the raising of system works frequency, system need to be used the phase-modulator of high bandwidth, can bring the difficulty of several respects to system realization thus:
(1) require the orthogonal photon of polarization state all can be in phase modulator with compared with low-loss transmission, and the phase modulator using in the application such as conventional optical communication only allows single polarization state to pass through mostly, therefore perpendicular polarization state is transmitted therein and will be had compared with lossy, to the technique of phase modulator design with realize technology and proposed special requirement;
(2) the electro-optic phase modulator part of high bandwidth generally need to mate with Low ESR resistance, so demand motive circuit provides larger drive current, and works long hours and likely produce heat, and the stability of a system is impacted;
(3) in order to modulate photon, it is obtained and stablize and accurate phase place, need to modulate driving voltage and keep stable in the moment of photon arrival, and reciprocation type structure can make this time lengthening, thus the likely raising of restriction system operating rate;
(4) in order to obtain high bandwidth, stable, accurately phase modulator adjustable and that have a larger driving force drives signal, the drive circuit of system is had higher requirement;
(5) two the sending out of transmitting-receiving all needs ACTIVE CONTROL phase place, and therefore, receiving-transmitting sides all needs there is true random number drive source.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the encoder for quantum cryptography communication, can realize the coding and decoding function of BB84 agreement.Feature of the present invention is: at transmitting terminal, use optical switch device to make light pulse at random by a plurality of interferometers, the phase difference between the length arm of interferometer differs k2 π+pi/2 successively, thereby can complete the required encoding function of BB84 agreement; At receiving terminal, by the passive random State selective measurements base of optical beam-splitter, the interferometer that differs k2 π+pi/2 by the phase difference between two length arms completes decoding function.By using a plurality of interferometers, can be without use phase modulator at a high speed in interferometer, thereby solved the restriction of two-way time to speed, and phase modulation drive circuit can use low speed design and device to realize, greatly reduce the difficulty that high speed quantum cipher communication system is realized, be therefore suitable for very much realizing high speed quantum cryptography communication.If use Michelson's interferometer (F-M) structure that adopts faraday's speculum, can there is the adaptive equalization ability to polarization scrambling in light path.
According to a scheme of the present invention, a kind of encoder for quantum cryptography communication has been proposed, comprising: the first branch being formed by the first optical switch element and the first coding interferometer; The second branch being formed by the second optical switch element and the second coding interferometer; The San branch being formed by the 3rd optical switch element and the 3rd coding interferometer; The Si branch being formed by the 4th optical switch element and the 4th coding interferometer; One minute four optical splitter, be connected with described Si branch with input, described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch, for input optical pulse is divided into four light pulses, be input to respectively described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and described Si branch; Four-in-one splicer, be connected with output with described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch, described Si branch, for being combined into a road, the light pulse after the coding of described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and the output of described Si branch exports from output, wherein, light pulse to be interfered to the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation be the first predetermined phase to described the first coding interferometer
described the second coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+pi/2
described the 3rd coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+π
described the 4th coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+3 pi/2s
wherein k is integer.
Preferably, described encoder can also comprise: optical switch element drive circuit, be used for according to random signal, at random one of the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element described in conducting.
Preferably, described encoder can also comprise: random light intensity modulator, is connected between described input and described one minute four optical splitters, for described input optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation.More preferably, described random light intensity modulator can be selected waveguide type electric light intensity modulator, and described input is protected bias tyre monomode fiber within described one minute, adopting between four optical splitters.
Preferably, described encoder can also comprise: attenuator, be connected between described four-in-one splicer and described output, and for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity control, make light pulse reach single photon magnitude.
Preferably, described encoder can also comprise: random light intensity modulator, be connected between described four-in-one splicer and described output, and for output optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation, realize and inveigle state agreement.
Preferably, described encoder can also comprise: attenuator, is connected between described four-in-one splicer and described random light intensity modulator, or is connected between random light intensity modulator and described output, for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity control, make light pulse reach single photon magnitude.
Preferably, within described one minute, four optical splitters are divided into four light pulses by input optical pulse, are input to respectively described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and described Si branch.More preferably, the input of described one minute four optical splitters is selected and is protected bias tyre monomode fiber.
Preferably, described the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element are electric light intensity modulator, Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems optical switch, the all-optical switch based on nonlinear effect (NOLM and SOA) or mechanical type optical switch element.More preferably, described the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element are waveguide type electric light intensity modulators.
Preferably, described the first coding interferometer, described the second coding interferometer, described the 3rd coding interferometer and described the 4th coding interferometer are Michelson's interferometer or the Mach-Zehnder type interferometers that uses faraday's speculum.
Preferably, described the first optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the first coding interferometer, or is connected between described the first coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer; Described the second optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the second coding interferometer, or is connected between described the second coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer; Described the 3rd optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the 3rd coding interferometer, or is connected between described the 3rd coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer; Described the 4th optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the 4th coding interferometer, or is connected between described the 4th coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, proposed a kind of decoder for quantum cryptography communication, having comprised: the first branch being formed by the first decoding interferometer and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the second branch being formed by the second decoding interferometer and the 3rd single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector, one-to-two optical splitter, with input, described the first branch is connected with described the second branch, for input optical pulse is divided into two light pulses, be input to respectively described the first branch and described the second branch, wherein, phase difference between former and later two ripple bags that described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer are exported is separately π, a decoding interferometer random in described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer is corresponding to { 0, π } one group of base, another decoding interferometer in described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer is corresponding to { pi/2, 3 pi/2s } one group of base.
Preferably, described one-to-two optical splitter is wavelength non-sensitive type device, that is, to the input light of different wave length, splitting ratio is consistent in fact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation the preferred embodiments of the present invention, will make of the present invention above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages are clearer, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic block diagram of optical encoder 1000 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic block diagram of the optical encoder 1100 of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram of interferometer 1140-1 of encoding according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram of interferometer 1140-2 of encoding according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is according to the schematic block diagram of optical decoder device 2000 of the present invention; And
Fig. 6 is according to the schematic block diagram of the optical encoder 2100 of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail, in description process, having omitted is unnecessary details and function for the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, to prevent that the understanding of the present invention from causing, obscures.
First, in connection with Fig. 1, optical encoder 1000 according to the present invention is elaborated, Fig. 1 is according to the schematic block diagram of optical encoder 1000 of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, optical encoder 1000 comprises: by the first optical switch element 1030
1with the first coding interferometer 1040
1the first branch forming; By the second optical switch element 1030
2with the second coding interferometer 1040
2the second branch forming; By the 3rd optical switch element 1030
3with the 3rd coding interferometer 1040
3the San branch forming; By the 4th optical switch element 1030
4with the 4th coding interferometer 1040
4the Si branch forming; One minute four optical splitter 1010, is connected with first～Si branch with input IN, for input optical pulse being divided into four light pulses (can be equal proportion or inequality proportion), is input to respectively first～Si branch; Four-in-one splicer 1020, is connected with output OUT with first～Si branch, for the light pulse after the coding of first～Si branch output is combined into a road, from output OUT, exports.
The first optical switch element 1030
1four optical splitters 1010 that can be connected to one minute and the first coding interferometer 1040
1between, or be connected to the first coding interferometer 1040
1and between four-in-one splicer 1020; The second optical switch element 1030
2four optical splitters 1010 that can be connected to one minute and the second coding interferometer 1040
2between, or be connected to the second coding interferometer 1040
2and between four-in-one splicer 1020; The 3rd optical switch element 1030
3four optical splitters 1010 that can be connected to one minute and the 3rd coding interferometer 1040
3between, or be connected to the 3rd coding interferometer 1040
3and between four-in-one splicer 1020; The 4th optical switch element 1030
4four optical splitters 1010 that can be connected to one minute and the 4th coding interferometer 1040
4between, or be connected to the 4th coding interferometer 1040
4and between four-in-one splicer 1020.
Optical encoder 1000 can also comprise: optical switch element drive circuit (not shown), and for according to random signal, random conducting first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4one of.Thus, can select the first～four coding interferometer 1040
1～1040
4one of input optical pulse is modulated, that is, only have Yi Ge branch to play the effect of modulating-coding.
Within one minute, four optical splitters 1010 can be divided into input optical pulse four light pulses, are input to respectively described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and described Si branch.
The first～four coding interferometer 1040
1～1040
4can be Michelson's interferometer or the Mach-Zehnder type interferometer that uses faraday's speculum.Light pulse, after interferometer, is divided into former and later two ripple bags, the phase place that front and back ripple bag differs
by the length arm optical path difference △ L of interferometer and the phase place of the modulation of phase modulation device wherein
determine.For example, phase difference
can meet following formula:
For the system that realizes BB84 agreement, require the first～four coding interferometer 1040
1～1040
4length arm between the relative phase difference of phase difference be k2 π+pi/2 (k is integer).Do not consider the k2 π component without actual influence to modulation /demodulation, and by the first coding interferometer 1040
1the phase difference producing
as the reference origin of phase place, its excess-three interferometer (the second～four coding interferometer 1040
2～1040
4) bits of modulation differ and meet following relation:
The first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4can be electric light intensity modulator, Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems optical switch, the all-optical switch based on nonlinear effect (NOLM and SOA) or mechanical type optical switch element.In order to meet the needs of telling quantum-key distribution, more preferably, the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4can adopt waveguide type electric light intensity modulator.
In the high speed quantum cipher communication system of phase code before, generally need to use the waveguide type electro-optic phase modulator part of high modulation bandwidth.The present invention is when for high speed quantum cipher communication system, owing to passing through the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4realize photon random phase fast and selected, therefore can use phase modulation device at a slow speed, for example, piezoelectric ceramic phase part etc., this greatly reduces the requirement that system is controlled for electronics.The selected phase modulation device of the present invention is not limited to high bandwidth device, phase modulation device (the first～four coding interferometer 1040 that therefore can select polarized non-sensitive type and have utmost point low insertion loss
1～1040
4).
Fig. 2～Fig. 4 has specifically illustrated according to the schematic block diagram of the optical encoder 1100 of the embodiment of the present invention and coding interferometer 1140 wherein.
With reference to figure 2, show according to the schematic block diagram of the optical encoder 1100 of the embodiment of the present invention.With same or analogous element in Fig. 1, with similar designated, and in appropriate circumstances, omit detailed description.
Optical encoder 1100 comprises: by the first optical switch element 1130
1with the first coding interferometer 1140
1the first branch forming; By the second optical switch element 1130
2with the second coding interferometer 1140
2the second branch forming; By the 3rd optical switch element 1130
3with the 3rd coding interferometer 1140
3the San branch forming; By the 4th optical switch element 1130
4with the 4th coding interferometer 1140
4the Si branch forming.One minute four optical splitter 1110, is connected with first～Si branch, for input optical pulse being divided into four light pulses (can be equal proportion or inequality proportion), is input to respectively first～Si branch; Four-in-one splicer 1120, is connected with first～Si branch, for the light pulse after the coding of first～Si branch output being combined into a road output.
Optical encoder 1100 also comprises: random light intensity modulator 1105, be connected between input IN and one minute four optical splitter 1110, and for input optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation, thereby realize the random intensity modulation function of inveigling state protocol requirement; Attenuator 1125, is connected between four-in-one splicer 1120 and output OUT, for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity modulation, realizes light pulse bulk strength and controls, and makes the light pulse of inlet subchannel reach single photon level.
The setting of random light intensity modulator (1105) and attenuator (1125) is not limited to this.For example, as another example (not shown), random light intensity modulator (1105) can be connected between four-in-one splicer (1120) and output (OUT), for output optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation, thereby realize the random intensity modulation function of inveigling state protocol requirement; Attenuator (1125) can be connected between four-in-one splicer (1120) and random light intensity modulator (1105), or can be connected between random light intensity modulator (1105) and output (OUT), for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity control, make light pulse reach single photon magnitude.
Random light intensity modulator can be selected waveguide type electric light intensity modulator.
Between input IN to a minute four optical splitters 1110, can adopt and protect bias tyre monomode fiber.
In the present embodiment, the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4it is waveguide type high speed light intensity modulator.
Similarly, optical encoder 1100 can also comprise: optical switch element drive circuit (not shown), and for according to random signal, random conducting first～four optical switch element 1130
1～1130
4one of.Thus, can select the first～four coding interferometer 1140
1～1140
4one of input optical pulse is modulated, that is, only have Yi Ge branch to play the effect of modulating-coding.
The light source that current quantum cryptography system is used is mostly the coherent states laser through overdamp.There is the multi-photon pulse of certain proportion (being conventionally less than 1%) in this class light source.When quantum channel is longer, (conventionally more than 30Km) can make system cannot reach desirable unconditional security.This type of attack is known as number of photons separation (PNS) and attacks.Inveigle state technology by the light intensity (being completed by random light intensity modulator 1105) of each pulse of Stochastic Modulation, by counting rate and the error rate equation group of simultaneous signal state and trick state, the amount of information that assessment listener-in obtains, and calculate final safe code check, thereby reach, resist the object that PNS attacks.The signal state, the trick state light intensity that are used for the trick state realization of BB84 agreement are set as respectively average 0.6 photon/pulse and 0.2 photon/pulse conventionally, and using vacuum state as the second trick state.In the present embodiment, the speed of trick state intensity modulation should be identical with the speed that light pulse sends, and therefore, in High Speed System, conventionally uses an independent fast wave to lead light intensity modulator 1105 and inveigle state intensity modulated.Due to the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4use high speed waveguide class electric light intensity modulator, generally its insertion loss can, with change in voltage, now can pass through the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4load different switching voltages, make by respective optical switch element 1030
ithe decay of light intensity according to the change at random that requires of inveigling state, can omit random light intensity modulator 1105.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show respectively coding interferometer (the first～four coding interferometer 1140 that can use in embodiments of the present invention
1～1140
4in any one or more) example embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram of Michelson's interferometer (F-M) 1140-1 that uses according to an embodiment of the invention faraday's speculum.
As shown in Figure 3, F-M interferometer 1140-1 comprises: 2 * 2 optical splitters 1141, faraday's speculum 1145 and 1147, controlled phases modulation device 1143.The two ends of 2 * 2 optical splitter 1141 the same sides are respectively as input and the output of F-M interferometer 1140-1, and the two ends of 2 * 2 optical splitter 1141 opposite sides connect respectively faraday's speculum 1145 and 1147, form two and interfere arm.Controlled phases modulation device 1143 is connected to these two interferes on one of arm.
Controlled phases modulation device 1143 can be waveguide type phase-modulator, piezoelectric ceramic phase modulator etc.First the light pulse that enters F-M interferometer 1140-1 is divided into two equal ripple bags through 2 * 2 optical splitters 1141 (50:50 beam splitter), enters respectively the long-armed and galianconism of unequal arm interferometer 1140-1.Because the effect of faraday's speculum is that the polarization state of the random polarization light P of input is become to its orthogonal state P
⊥former road is returned afterwards, and the Jones matrix of establishing interferometer monomode fiber is L, and this process can be described as:
Wherein,
the computing of representing matrix conjugate transpose, FM represents the Jones matrix of faraday's speculum, ()
*representing matrix conjugate operation, the computing of det () representing matrix determinant.As can be seen here, the polarization state when light pulse of returning through faraday's speculum arrives 50:50 beam splitter again, the polarization state quadrature during always with its input.Because enter the polarization state of two light pulse ripple bags of long and short two arm through 50:50 beam splitter identical, the polarization state of two ripple bags that therefore reflect is also identical.For channel disturbance, because the ripple bag time interval of these two identical polarizations is very short, therefore can be considered as polarization state in channel and change identically, if also adopt same structure at receiving terminal, can guarantee that the polarization state of two light pulse ripple bags of interfering is identical all the time.Thus, no matter how the optical fiber polarisation state of interferometer and channel changes, and whole interference system can compensate adaptively, thereby can guarantee the polarization robustness of whole system.
Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram of Mach-Zehnder type interferometer (M-Z) 1140-2 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, M-Z interferometer 1140-2 comprises: 1 * 2 optical splitter 1142 (50:50 beam splitter), controlled phases modulation device 1144,2 * 1 splicers 1146 (50:50 splicer).As shown in Figure 4, the port in 1 * 2 optical splitter 1142 left sides is as input port, light pulse is divided into two light pulses after entering 1 * 2 optical splitter 1142, respectively by the arm that has comprised controlled phases modulation device 1144 and the arm that does not comprise controlled phases modulation device 1144, afterwards, at 2 * 1 splicer 1146 places, interfere, and export from the port on 2 * 1 splicer 1146 right sides.Controlled phases modulation device 1144 can adopt with the similar element of controlled phases modulation device 1143 and form.In the structure shown in Fig. 4, light pulse is unidirectional passing through from interferometer only.This structure cannot complete the adaptive equalization to light path polarization state, need to add extra polarization recovery module.
Next, in connection with Fig. 5, optical decoder device 2000 according to the present invention is elaborated, Fig. 5 is according to the schematic block diagram of optical decoder device 2000 of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, decoder 2000 comprises: by the first decoding interferometer 2020
1with the first single-photon detector 2030
1, the second single-photon detector 2030
2the first branch forming; By the second decoding interferometer 2020
2with the 3rd single-photon detector 2030
3, the 4th single-photon detector 2030
4the second branch forming; One-to-two optical splitter 2010, be connected with input IN, the first branch and the second branch, for input optical pulse being divided into two light pulses (can be equal proportion or inequality proportion), be input to respectively the first branch and the second branch, wherein, the first decoding interferometer 2020
1with the second decoding interferometer 2020
2phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of output is π separately, the first decoding interferometer 2020
1corresponding to one group of base of { 0, π }, the second decoding interferometer 2020
2one group of base corresponding to { pi/2,3 pi/2s }.One-to-two optical splitter 2010 can be used as a kind of quantum random number generator at this, realizes the passive random selection to two groups of bases of BB84 agreement.The first decoding interferometer 2020
1with the second decoding interferometer 2020
2two interferometers of independently decoding, respectively randomly corresponding to two groups of bases of { 0, π }, { pi/2,3 pi/2s } of BB84 agreement, the first decoding interferometer 2020
1with the second decoding interferometer 2020
2basic phase place differ pi/2.By the interference pattern of interferometer self, determined that the phase difference between the light pulse ripple bag of interferometer two arms outputs equals π, can realize thus the decoding to four of BB84 agreement quantum states.
Here, for security of system, consider, by regulating the phase modulation unit of the first decoder and the second decoder, the corresponding relation that itself and basic vector are divided into groups changes at random, and modulating mode can be generated by the random generator of decoding end, and without external announcement.
One-to-two optical splitter 2010 can adopt wavelength non-sensitive type device, that is, to the input light of different wave length, splitting ratio is basically identical.
The first decoding interferometer 2020
1with the second decoding interferometer 2020
2can use Mach-Zehnder type interferometer (M-Z), also can adopt the Michelson's interferometer (F-M) that uses faraday's speculum.
Below, will take F-M interferometer as example, provide the detailed description to specific embodiments of the invention.Here, adopt the benefit of F-M interferometer to be to realize the robustness that light path polarization state is changed.
Fig. 6 is according to the schematic block diagram of the optical encoder 2100 of the embodiment of the present invention.With same or analogous element in Fig. 5, with similar designated, and in appropriate circumstances, omit detailed description.
As shown in Figure 6, optical encoder 2100 comprises: by the first circulator 2125
1, first decoding interferometer 2120
1with the first single-photon detector 2130
1, the second single-photon detector 2130
2the first branch forming; By the second circulator 2125
2, second decoding interferometer 2120
2with the 3rd single-photon detector 2130
3, the 4th single-photon detector 2130
4the second branch forming; One-to-two optical splitter 2110, be connected with input IN, the first branch and the second branch, for input optical pulse being divided into two light pulses (can be equal proportion or inequality proportion), be input to respectively the first branch and the second branch, wherein, the first decoding interferometer 2120
1with the second decoding interferometer 2120
2phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of output is π separately, the first decoding interferometer 2120
1corresponding to one group of base of { 0, π }, the second decoding interferometer 2120
2one group of base corresponding to { pi/2,3 pi/2s }.
The light pulse ripple bag of process one-to-two optical splitter 2110 light splitting is respectively through the first circulator 2125
1with the second circulator 2125
21 → 2 port, enter the first decoding interferometer 2120
1with the second decoding interferometer 2120
2(Michelson's interferometer), two arm outputs of interferometer directly enter respectively single-photon detector (the second single-photon detector 2130
2with the 4th single-photon detector 2130
4), and by the first circulator 2125
1with the second circulator 2125
22 → 3 ports enter single-photon detector (the first single-photon detector 2130
1with the 3rd single-photon detector 2130
3).Can complete the decoding of photonic quantum state thus.The first decoding interferometer 2120
1with the second decoding interferometer 2120
2the phase modulator of middle use can be the phase modulator of low rate modulation equally.
The first decoding interferometer 2120
1with the second decoding interferometer 2120
2can there is structure as shown in Figure 3, comprise the controlled phases modulation device on the long-armed or galianconism that is arranged on unequal arm interferometer.Specific descriptions can, with reference to the associated description of figure 3, not repeat them here.
For inveigling state technology, can realize the light pulse of two kinds of intensity and the Stochastic Modulation that vacuum state has three kinds of states altogether, while wherein realizing vacuum state, laser does not produce light pulse (not luminous), produces the window pulse that a number of photons is 0 (vacuum state).Can pass through to the luminous light intensity of laser or to the modulation voltage of random light intensity modulator 1105 or to the first～four optical switch element 1030
1～1030
4the modulation voltage of (waveguide type high speed light intensity modulator) is modulated or is controlled, to produce suitable light intensity and/or extinction ratio.
Optical switch element drive circuit can be realized by FPGA, and random signal can be produced by outside true random number or pseudorandom number generator, also can use the inner random sequence generating of FPGA.Can adopt dibit high-speed serial signals to realize, to control respectively four optical switch elements.For example, 00,01,10,11 and four optical switch element 1030 of random number
1～1030
4(1130
1～1130
4) between control relation (on/off) can adopt shown in following table and realize.
So far invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.Should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various other change, replacement and interpolations.Therefore, scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment, and should be limited by claims.
Claims (13)
1. for an encoder for quantum cryptography communication, comprising:
The first branch being formed by the first optical switch element and the first coding interferometer;
The second branch being formed by the second optical switch element and the second coding interferometer;
The San branch being formed by the 3rd optical switch element and the 3rd coding interferometer;
The Si branch being formed by the 4th optical switch element and the 4th coding interferometer;
One minute four optical splitter, be connected with described Si branch with input, described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch, for input optical pulse is divided into four light pulses, be input to respectively described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and described Si branch;
Four-in-one splicer, be connected with output with described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch, described Si branch, for being combined into a road, the light pulse after the coding of described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and the output of described Si branch exports from output
Wherein, described the first coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be the first predetermined phase, described the second coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+pi/2, described the 3rd coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+π, described the 4th coding interferometer is interfered the phase difference between former and later two ripple bags of rear generation to light pulse be described the first predetermined phase+k2 π+3 pi/2s, wherein k is integer.
2. encoder according to claim 1, also comprises:
Optical switch element drive circuit, for according to random signal, one of the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element described in random conducting.
3. encoder according to claim 1, also comprises:
Random light intensity modulator, is connected between described input and described one minute four optical splitters, for described input optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation.
4. encoder according to claim 1, also comprises:
Attenuator, is connected between described four-in-one splicer and described output, for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity control, makes light pulse reach single photon magnitude.
5. encoder according to claim 1, also comprises:
Random light intensity modulator, is connected between described four-in-one splicer and described output, for described output optical pulse is carried out to random intensity modulation.
6. encoder according to claim 5, also comprises:
Attenuator, is connected between described four-in-one splicer and described random light intensity modulator, or is connected between described random light intensity modulator and described output, for output optical pulse is carried out to intensity control, makes light pulse reach single photon magnitude.
7. encoder according to claim 1, wherein, within described one minute, four optical splitters are divided into four light pulses by input optical pulse, are input to respectively described the first branch, described the second branch, described San branch and described Si branch.
8. encoder according to claim 1, wherein, described the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element are electric light intensity modulator, Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems optical switch, the all-optical switch based on nonlinear effect or mechanical type optical switch element.
9. encoder according to claim 8, wherein, described the first optical switch element, described the second optical switch element, described the 3rd optical switch element and described the 4th optical switch element are waveguide type electric light intensity modulators.
10. encoder according to claim 1, wherein, described the first coding interferometer, described the second coding interferometer, described the 3rd coding interferometer and described the 4th coding interferometer are Michelson's interferometer or the Mach-Zehnder type interferometers that uses faraday's speculum.
11. encoders according to claim 1, wherein,
Described the first optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the first coding interferometer, or is connected between described the first coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer;
Described the second optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the second coding interferometer, or is connected between described the second coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer;
Described the 3rd optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the 3rd coding interferometer, or is connected between described the 3rd coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer;
Described the 4th optical switch element is connected between described one minute four optical splitter and described the 4th coding interferometer, or is connected between described the 4th coding interferometer and described four-in-one splicer.
12. 1 kinds of decoders for quantum cryptography communication, comprising:
The first branch being formed by the first decoding interferometer and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector;
The second branch being formed by the second decoding interferometer and the 3rd single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector;
One-to-two optical splitter, is connected with input, described the first branch and described the second branch, for input optical pulse being divided into two light pulses, is input to respectively described the first branch and described the second branch,
Wherein, phase difference between former and later two ripple bags that described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer are exported is separately π, a decoding interferometer random in described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer is corresponding to { 0, π } one group of base, another decoding interferometer in described the first decoding interferometer and described the second decoding interferometer is corresponding to one group of base of { pi/2,3 pi/2s }.
13. decoders according to claim 12, wherein said one-to-two optical splitter is wavelength non-sensitive type device, that is, to the input light of different wave length, splitting ratio is consistent in fact.
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