CN111555428B - Charging and discharging and energy management circuit for micro-energy acquisition system - Google Patents
Charging and discharging and energy management circuit for micro-energy acquisition system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111555428B CN111555428B CN202010503197.6A CN202010503197A CN111555428B CN 111555428 B CN111555428 B CN 111555428B CN 202010503197 A CN202010503197 A CN 202010503197A CN 111555428 B CN111555428 B CN 111555428B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A charging and discharging and energy management circuit for a micro-energy acquisition system belongs to the technical field of integrated circuits. The micro energy acquisition system supplies power to the load by using the micro energy source and provides auxiliary power supply for the energy storage element. The charging and discharging and energy management circuit controls the charging and discharging of the energy storage element according to the load voltage to realize the management of the energy in the micro-energy acquisition system, charges the energy storage element when the energy is sufficient, stores the redundant energy in the energy storage element, discharges the energy storage element when the energy is insufficient, and provides additional energy for the load by using the energy storage element. The micro-energy management system has the functions of charging and discharging protection and energy management of the energy storage element, and can reasonably manage micro-energy collected by the micro-energy collection system; in addition, under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection are provided, a current discharge path and an over-voltage discharge path of the energy storage element are closed when under-voltage occurs, and the over-voltage discharge path is opened when over-voltage occurs, so that the stability of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated circuits, and relates to a charging and discharging and energy management circuit for a micro-energy acquisition system.
Background
The micro energy collection technology is a technology for collecting ubiquitous weak energy in the environment to supply power to electronic equipment, such as solar energy, temperature difference energy, piezoelectric energy and the like. In order to meet the power supply requirements of the electronic load under different conditions, the electronic load is usually assisted by an energy storage element, redundant energy is stored in the energy storage element when the energy is sufficient, the energy storage element is required to provide extra energy to supply power to the load when the energy is insufficient, and at the moment, the charge and discharge management problem of the energy storage element of the micro-energy acquisition system becomes a key problem. Compared with the traditional energy storage element charge and discharge management circuit, the energy source has the characteristics of weak and unstable performance, so that the charge and discharge protection of the energy storage element is required to be considered for the micro-energy charge and discharge and energy management circuit, and the energy is required to be managed according to the load requirement and the energy supply relationship.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the characteristics of weak and unstable energy in a micro energy acquisition system, the invention provides a charging and discharging and energy management circuit for the micro energy acquisition system, which can effectively and reasonably manage micro energy according to the load and energy supply requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a charging and discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy collection system comprises a micro energy source, a current-limiting resistor, a filter capacitor and an energy storage element, wherein the micro energy source is connected with the output end of the micro energy collection system after passing through the current-limiting resistor, a load is connected between the output end of the micro energy collection system and the ground, the filter capacitor is connected at two ends of the load in parallel, the voltage on the load is a load voltage, and the charging and discharging and energy management circuit controls the energy storage element to charge and discharge according to the load voltage so as to realize energy management in the micro energy collection system;
the charge-discharge and energy management circuit comprises a first PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) switching tube, a second PMOS switching tube and a charge-discharge and energy management module, wherein the source electrode of the first PMOS switching tube is grounded, and the drain electrode of the first PMOS switching tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second PMOS switching tube and the load voltage; one end of the energy storage element is connected with a source electrode of the second PMOS switching tube, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected with one end of the load and grounded;
the charging and discharging and energy management module is used for controlling the on and off of a first PMOS switching tube and a second PMOS switching tube according to the load voltage, and comprises a voltage division unit, a voltage reference source, a first comparator, a second comparator, a phase splitter, a first phase inverter, a second phase inverter, a first buffer, a second buffer and an OR gate,
the voltage division unit is used for dividing the load voltage to obtain a first load voltage division signal and a second load voltage division signal, wherein the voltage value of the first load voltage division signal is greater than that of the second load voltage division signal;
the positive input end of the first comparator is connected with the first load voltage division signal, the negative input end of the first comparator is connected with the reference voltage generated by the voltage reference source, and the output end of the first comparator is connected with the input end of the phase splitter;
the phase splitter generates a first phase-splitting output signal which is in phase with the output signal of the first comparator to the input end of the first inverter, and generates a second phase-splitting output signal which is in phase-opposite to the output signal of the first comparator to the input end of the second inverter;
the input end of the first buffer is connected with the output end of the first phase inverter, and the output end of the first buffer generates an overvoltage control signal and is connected with the grid electrode of the first PMOS switching tube;
the positive input end of the second comparator is connected with the reference voltage, the negative input end of the second comparator is connected with the second load voltage division signal, and the output end of the second comparator is connected with the first input end of the OR gate;
and the second input end of the OR gate is connected with the output end of the second phase inverter, and the output end of the OR gate generates a control signal to be connected with the grid electrode of the second PMOS switching tube after passing through the second buffer.
Specifically, the voltage dividing unit includes a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor and a third voltage dividing resistor, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the load voltage, and the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to one end of the second voltage dividing resistor and generates the first load voltage dividing signal; one end of the third voltage dividing resistor is connected with the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor and generates the second load voltage dividing signal, and the other end of the third voltage dividing resistor is grounded.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
state (1): when the load voltage is lower than the under-voltage protection voltage, the control signal and the overvoltage control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit both output high levels, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 and the first MPOS switch tube MP1 are controlled to be disconnected, the current discharging path and the overvoltage discharging path of the energy storage element are closed, and the under-voltage protection stage is started.
State (2): when the load voltage rises to be higher than the under-voltage protection voltage, the under-voltage protection state is removed, if the energy collected by the micro energy collecting system is insufficient to supply power for the load, the micro energy collecting system is in the power supply stage of the energy storage element at the moment, the control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit is low, the overvoltage control signal is high, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 is controlled to be in the open state, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is disconnected, the energy storage element discharges, the micro energy source and the energy storage element jointly supply power for the load, and the voltage of the energy storage element drops.
State (3): when the energy collected by the micro energy collecting system is enough to supply power, at the moment, the energy storage element is in a charging stage, the control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit is low, the overvoltage control signal is high, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 is controlled to be in an open state, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is disconnected, the micro energy source supplies power to the load, the energy storage element is charged, the voltage of the energy storage element rises, and the voltage of the load also rises.
State (4): when the load voltage rises to exceed the set charging voltage, the voltage for charging the energy storage element is larger than the overvoltage protection voltage, at the moment, the overvoltage protection stage is entered, the ground is required to be discharged, at the moment, the control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit is high, the overvoltage control signal is low, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 is controlled to be in a closed state, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is in an open state, the load voltage is discharged to the ground through the first MPOS switch tube MP1, and meanwhile, the current charging and discharging path of the energy storage element is closed.
State (5): when the load voltage drops below the set charging voltage again, the control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit is low, the overvoltage control signal is high, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 is controlled to be in an open state, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is controlled to be in a closed state, and the steps are repeated, so that the voltage of the energy storage element is kept unchanged and is below the overvoltage protection voltage, and the overvoltage protection effect is achieved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: aiming at the characteristics that the energy obtained by a micro-energy acquisition system is weak and unstable, the invention adopts the energy storage element as an auxiliary element, stores the redundant energy in the energy storage element when the energy is sufficient, and provides extra energy to supply power to a load by using the energy storage element when the energy is insufficient; the invention has the functions of charging and discharging protection and energy management of the energy storage element, solves the problem of energy management suitable for micro-energy collection, and can provide technical support for reasonably using the collected micro-energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an overall structure of a charging/discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy collection system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of the charging/discharging and energy management module.
Fig. 3 is a simulation result diagram of a charging/discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy collection system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the micro energy collecting system includes a micro energy source, a current limiting resistor, a filter capacitor and an energy storage element, the micro energy source is grounded to a load and the filter capacitor after passing through the current limiting resistor, the micro energy source is used for providing energy input, and the micro energy source is an available green energy source, such as solar energy, temperature difference energy or piezoelectric energy; the current-limiting resistor plays a role in current-limiting protection, and the filter capacitor is used for reducing ripples of load voltage; the energy storage element and the load are used for consuming and storing energy, and the energy storage element comprises a battery, a super capacitor and the like.
The charge-discharge and energy management circuit for the micro-energy collection system can be manufactured into an integrated circuit by adopting a standard CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process, and comprises a first PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) switching tube MP1, a second PMOS switching tube MP2 and a charge-discharge and energy management module as shown in figure 1, wherein the source electrode of the first PMOS switching tube MP1 is grounded, and the drain electrode is connected with the drain electrode of the second PMOS switching tube MP2 and load voltage; one end of the energy storage element is connected with the source electrode of the second PMOS switching tube MP2, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected with one end of the load and grounded; the charging and discharging and energy management module controls the switching states of the first PMOS switching tube MP1 and the second PMOS switching tube MP2 according to the load voltage, so that the charging and discharging control and protection states of the energy storage element are switched, and the energy supply problem under different energy input states is balanced.
As shown in fig. 2, the charging/discharging and energy management module includes a voltage dividing unit, a voltage reference source, a first comparator, a second comparator, a phase splitter, a first inverter, a second inverter, a first buffer, a second buffer, and an or gate, where the voltage dividing unit is configured to divide a load voltage to obtain a first load voltage dividing signal and a second load voltage dividing signal, and a voltage value of the first load voltage dividing signal is greater than that of the second load voltage dividing signal. The positive input end of the first comparator is connected with the first load voltage division signal, the negative input end of the first comparator is connected with the reference voltage generated by the voltage reference source, and the output end of the first comparator is connected with the input end of the phase splitter. The phase splitter generates two non-overlapping signals with opposite phases and is used for ensuring that the overvoltage discharge path and the energy storage element charging and discharging path are not conducted at the same time in an overvoltage stage. A first split-phase output signal generated by the phase splitter and in phase with the output signal of the first comparator is connected to the input end of the first inverter, and a second split-phase output signal generated by the phase splitter and in phase-inverted with the output signal of the first comparator is connected to the input end of the second inverter. The input end of the first buffer is connected with the output end of the first phase inverter, and the output end of the first buffer generates an overvoltage control signal and is connected with the grid electrode of the first PMOS switch tube MP 1; the positive input end of the second comparator is connected with the reference voltage, the negative input end of the second comparator is connected with the second load voltage division signal, and the output end of the second comparator is connected with the first input end of the OR gate; the second input end of the or gate is connected with the output end of the second inverter, and the output end of the or gate generates a control signal to be connected with the gate of the second PMOS switch tube MP2 after passing through the second buffer.
Because the reference voltage generally cannot reach the set charging voltage, the voltage dividing unit is usually used to divide the load voltage to obtain a first load voltage dividing signal and a second load voltage dividing signal, and then compare the first load voltage dividing signal and the second load voltage dividing signal with the reference voltage to control the circuit state switching, as shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, the voltage dividing unit includes a first voltage dividing resistor R1, a second voltage dividing resistor R2, and a third voltage dividing resistor R3, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 is connected to the load voltage, and the other end thereof is connected to one end of the second voltage dividing resistor R2 and generates a first load voltage dividing signal; one end of the third voltage dividing resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor R2 and generates a second load voltage dividing signal, and the other end thereof is grounded.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a simulation result of a charging/discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy collection system according to the present invention, where the signal lines in fig. 3 sequentially include, from top to bottom: a preset charging voltage, a load voltage, a voltage across the energy storage element, a control signal, and an over-voltage control signal.
When the load voltage is lower than the under-voltage protection voltage, the first comparator in the charging and discharging and energy management circuit outputs a low level, the second comparator outputs a high level, the control signal and the overvoltage control signal both output high levels, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 and the first MPOS switch tube MP1 are controlled to be disconnected, the current discharge path and the overvoltage discharge path of the energy storage element are closed, and the under-voltage protection stage is entered.
When the load voltage is higher than the under-voltage protection voltage and lower than the charging voltage, the output of the first comparator in the charging, discharging and energy management circuit is low, so that the overvoltage control signal is high, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is disconnected, and the overvoltage discharge path is closed. Meanwhile, the output of the second comparator is low, so that the control signal is low, the second PMOS switching tube MP2 is controlled to be in an open state, and the current charging and discharging path of the energy storage element is opened. If the energy collected by the micro energy collecting system is insufficient to supply power to the load, the energy storage element discharges at the power supply stage of the energy storage element, the micro energy source and the energy storage element jointly supply power to the load, and the voltage of the energy storage element is reduced. If the energy collected by the micro energy collecting system is enough to supply power, the micro energy source supplies power to the load at the charging stage of the energy storage element, and simultaneously the energy storage element is charged, the voltage of the energy storage element rises, and the voltage of the load also rises.
When the load voltage rises to exceed the set charging voltage, the voltage for charging the energy storage element is larger than the overvoltage protection voltage, and at the moment, the overvoltage protection stage is entered, and the ground is required to be discharged. The first comparator in the charging and discharging and energy management circuit outputs high level, so that the overvoltage control signal is low, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is opened, and the overvoltage discharge path is opened. Meanwhile, the second inverter outputs high level, so that the control signal outputs high level, the current charge and discharge path of the energy storage element is closed, and the overvoltage protection function is achieved. When the load voltage drops below the set charging voltage again, the control signal generated by the charging and discharging and energy management circuit is low, the overvoltage control signal is high, the second PMOS switch tube MP2 is controlled to be in an open state, the first MPOS switch tube MP1 is controlled to be in a closed state, and the steps are repeated, so that the voltage of the energy storage element is kept unchanged and is below the overvoltage protection voltage, and the overvoltage protection effect is achieved.
Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention in its aspects.
Claims (2)
1. A charging and discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy collection system comprises a micro energy source, a current-limiting resistor, a filter capacitor and an energy storage element, wherein the micro energy source is connected with the output end of the micro energy collection system after passing through the current-limiting resistor, a load is connected between the output end of the micro energy collection system and the ground, the filter capacitor is connected at two ends of the load in parallel, the voltage on the load is a load voltage, and the charging and discharging and energy management circuit controls the energy storage element to charge and discharge according to the load voltage so as to realize energy management in the micro energy collection system;
the charge-discharge and energy management circuit is characterized by comprising a first PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) switching tube, a second PMOS switching tube and a charge-discharge and energy management module, wherein the source electrode of the first PMOS switching tube is grounded, and the drain electrode of the first PMOS switching tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second PMOS switching tube and the load voltage; one end of the energy storage element is connected with a source electrode of the second PMOS switching tube, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected with one end of the load and grounded;
the charging and discharging and energy management module is used for controlling the on and off of a first PMOS switching tube and a second PMOS switching tube according to the load voltage, and comprises a voltage division unit, a voltage reference source, a first comparator, a second comparator, a phase splitter, a first phase inverter, a second phase inverter, a first buffer, a second buffer and an OR gate,
the voltage division unit is used for dividing the load voltage to obtain a first load voltage division signal and a second load voltage division signal, wherein the voltage value of the first load voltage division signal is greater than that of the second load voltage division signal;
the positive input end of the first comparator is connected with the first load voltage division signal, the negative input end of the first comparator is connected with the reference voltage generated by the voltage reference source, and the output end of the first comparator is connected with the input end of the phase splitter;
the phase splitter generates a first phase-splitting output signal which is in phase with the output signal of the first comparator to the input end of the first inverter, and generates a second phase-splitting output signal which is in phase reversal with the output signal of the first comparator to the input end of the second inverter;
the input end of the first buffer is connected with the output end of the first phase inverter, and the output end of the first buffer generates an overvoltage control signal and is connected with the grid electrode of the first PMOS switching tube;
the positive input end of the second comparator is connected with the reference voltage, the negative input end of the second comparator is connected with the second load voltage division signal, and the output end of the second comparator is connected with the first input end of the OR gate;
and the second input end of the OR gate is connected with the output end of the second phase inverter, and the output end of the OR gate generates a control signal to be connected with the grid electrode of the second PMOS switching tube after passing through the second buffer.
2. The charging and discharging and energy management circuit for a micro energy harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage dividing unit comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor and a third voltage dividing resistor, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the load voltage, and the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to one end of the second voltage dividing resistor and generates the first load voltage dividing signal; one end of the third voltage division resistor is connected with the other end of the second voltage division resistor and generates the second load voltage division signal, and the other end of the third voltage division resistor is grounded.
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| CN202010503197.6A CN111555428B (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Charging and discharging and energy management circuit for micro-energy acquisition system |
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| CN114362321A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-15 | 成都飞英思特科技有限公司 | Micro-energy acquisition pre-collection circuit, collection device and collection method |
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