CN111551478B - Method for evaluating filtering precision and efficiency of submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system - Google Patents
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power water filtration performance evaluation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron-level liquid-solid separation system, which is suitable for evaluating the filtration performance of a submicron-level liquid-solid separation filter and designing and selecting types. According to the evaluation method, the existing test device and method are used for correspondingly testing parameters such as filter precision, pore size and filter efficiency of particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m, the filter performance of the particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m, namely a relation curve of filter material pore size/filter precision (Y) -filter precision (X) is obtained under the condition of specified filter efficiency, an X-Y-based regression equation is obtained through fitting, the regression equation obtained through fitting extends to a submicron interval, and the relation among the filter precision X, the filter pore size D and the filter efficiency eta in the submicron interval is calculated, so that the effective evaluation of the submicron liquid-solid separation filter performance is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power water filtration performance evaluation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system, which is suitable for the filtration performance evaluation and design selection of a submicron-grade liquid-solid separation filter.
Background
At present, the common reactor types of nuclear power plants are a pressurized water reactor type and a heavy water reactor type, and tens of radioactive water filters are installed in each nuclear power plant regardless of the reactor type. The core component of the water filter is a filter element, in the prior art, besides filter elements with common precision of 2 μm, 5 μm, 20 μm and the like, submicron filter elements with filter precision of 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.45 μm and 1 μm are required to be used in some water treatment systems, and the filter efficiency of the submicron filter elements is generally required to be more than 98%, while the filter precision and the filter efficiency are the most critical parameters for describing the performance of the filter element and play a critical role in the water filtering effect.
At present, for the detection of the filtering performance of the nuclear water filter element, in NB/T20486-2018 'general technical conditions of nuclear power plant water filter elements', GB/T18853-2015 'multiple-pass law for evaluating the filtering performance of the filter element by a hydraulic transmission filter' is required to be adopted for execution. However, in practical application, the following problems are found in the process of detecting the filtering performance of the water filter element by adopting the standard:
(1) The filter medium adopted by the test equipment used in the standard is hydraulic oil with a designated mark, which is not in accordance with the working condition that the actually used medium of the water filter element is water;
(2) The highest detectable filtration precision in the standard is only 4 μm, and no detection method or suggestion with a precision of 1 μm or less is given, and the method is not suitable for evaluating the filtration precision and filtration efficiency of a submicron-scale liquid-solid separation system.
Therefore, the method suitable for effectively evaluating the filtration precision and the filtration efficiency of the submicron liquid-solid separation system is developed, and has positive significance for evaluating and monitoring the performance of the water filtration equipment in the nuclear power field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system, which solves the evaluation problems of the filtration precision and the filtration efficiency of the submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system which is difficult to directly detect by test equipment by combining test detection and mathematical analysis, has the advantage of reducing the engineering trial and error amount, and is suitable for evaluating the filtration performance of the submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system including a nuclear power high-precision water filter element.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of the submicron-scale liquid-solid separation system comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the filtering precision X, the filtering efficiency eta and the filtering material aperture D of the selected filtering material on particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m by using a detection method in the prior art so as to obtain corresponding numerical values of the filtering efficiency eta, the aperture D and the filtering precision X of the selected filtering material;
(2) Setting a parameter Y = D/X, and calculating ratio data Y values of different filtering precision X values and corresponding aperture D values under the reference of the selected filtering efficiency eta when X is larger than 1 mu m so as to obtain a plurality of groups of different X values and corresponding Y value data;
(3) Fitting a regression equation by respectively taking the obtained Y value as a vertical coordinate and the obtained X value as a horizontal coordinate, and obtaining an X-Y relation curve equation of the selected filter material under the selected filter efficiency eta through fitting;
(4) Extending the obtained fitting equation to a submicron interval, namely setting X to be less than or equal to 1 mu m, so as to obtain a Y value corresponding to the filtering precision X in the submicron interval through calculation, and further calculating to obtain a theoretical filtering precision X value corresponding to the submicron interval according to the set Y = D/X relation;
(5) And evaluating the filtering performance of the submicron liquid-solid separation system according to the X, Y and eta values obtained by the calculation.
Specifically, in the step (1), the step of calculating the filtering efficiency η includes:
uniformly mixing test dust into purified water to prepare a raw material liquid, performing multiple filtration tests on a selected material filter element by using a filtration performance test device, and actually detecting the M value of each precision particle number in the raw material liquid with the filtration precision X larger than 1 mu M before filtration and the N value of each precision particle number in the raw material liquid with the filtration precision X larger than 1 mu M after filtration by using a particle counter;
and performing mathematical analysis by using the measured data M and N, and calculating to obtain the filtration ratio beta = M/N and the filtration efficiency eta = 1-1/beta of the selected filter material under different filtration precisions X larger than 1 mu M.
Specifically, selected values for the test filtration precision X include 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, and 20 μm.
Specifically, in the step (1), the calculated selected filtration efficiencies include 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% and 99%.
Specifically, in the step (1), the aperture D value of the selected material filter element is determined by using an aperture testing instrument.
Specifically, in the step (3), the regression equation fitting step uses a cubic spline interpolation method, and obtains a fitting equation Y = aX 3 +bX 2 + cX + d, wherein X>1。
Specifically, in the step (5), the filtering performance evaluation includes a filtering efficiency evaluation and/or a filtering accuracy evaluation.
Specifically, the filtering performance evaluation comprises calculating the submicron filtering precision X of the filtering material at X less than or equal to 1 μm if the actual aperture D and the filtering efficiency eta of the filtering material are known, and evaluating whether the filtering material can meet the requirement.
Specifically, the filtering performance evaluation comprises the steps of calculating the theoretical aperture D of the filtering material to be selected and evaluating the rationality of the filtering material selection if the filtering efficiency eta and the submicron-level filtering precision X of the given filtering material are less than or equal to 1 mu m.
Specifically, the filtering performance evaluation comprises the step of evaluating whether the filtering efficiency eta meets the specified requirement or not if the aperture D of the known filter material and the submicron filtering precision X of which X is less than or equal to 1 mu m are known.
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system, which is an evaluation method combining actual measurement inspection and mathematical analysis, and is characterized in that firstly, corresponding tests of parameters such as filtration precision, pore size, filtration efficiency and the like are carried out on particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m by using the existing test device and means, and the actual measurement data are drawn under the condition of appointed filtration efficiency, and then, a relation curve of the filtration performance of the particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m, namely the pore size/filtration precision (Y) -filtration precision (X) is drawn, and the curve is subjected to mathematical treatment fitting to obtain a regression equation based on X-Y (namely Y = aX) 3 +bX 2 +cX+d，X>1) Furthermore, the regression equation obtained by fitting is extended to a submicron interval (namely X is less than or equal to 1 μm), and the relation among the filtration precision X, the filtration pore diameter D (Y = D/X) and the filtration efficiency eta in the submicron interval is obtained by calculation by using the regression equation, so that the effective evaluation of the submicron liquid-solid separation filtration performance is realized, the problem that the submicron precision filtration performance is difficult to directly detect at present is effectively solved, a basis is provided for the pore diameter selection of the submicron filtration precision filter material, the workload of trial and error in engineering can be reduced, and the method is suitable for the filtration performance evaluation and the design selection of the submicron liquid-solid separation filter.
The method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of the submicron liquid-solid separation system can realize the evaluation of various filtration performances of the submicron liquid-solid separation system: firstly, if the aperture D and the filtration efficiency eta of the filter material are known, the filtration precision X of the filter material can be calculated, and whether the filter material can meet the requirements or not is evaluated; secondly, if the filtering efficiency eta and the filtering precision X are given, the aperture of the filter material to be selected can be calculated, and the rationality of the filter material type selection is evaluated; thirdly, if the aperture D and the filtering precision X of the filter material are known, whether the filtering efficiency eta meets the requirement can be evaluated. The method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of the submicron liquid-solid separation system is suitable for evaluating the filtration performance of the submicron liquid-solid separation filter in an all-around way and designing and selecting the type.
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In order that the manner in which the disclosure of the present invention is attained and can be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings, wherein,
fig. 1 is a graph showing a correspondence relationship between a filter pore size D and a filtration accuracy X in example 1, where X >1 μm particle accuracy and a filtration efficiency η standard are given, and X is an abscissa and Y = D/X is an ordinate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The water filter requires 0.5 μm particle for filtration precision and 95% for filtration efficiency, and the filter core of a specified filter material is detected (aperture value D of the filter core is measured by aperture measuring instrument) Measured in fact =7.23 μm) can meet the requirements. Because the prior test device is difficult to directly detect the parameter information such as the filtering efficiency with the filtering precision of 0.5 mu m, the method is adopted for evaluation.
MTD A3 powder is uniformly mixed into purified water to prepare a raw material liquid required by a test, and then a filtration test is carried out by utilizing a filtration performance test device. The filtration test equipment is detection equipment which is used conventionally, and mainly comprises a stock solution tank, a pump, a filter, a flowmeter, a differential pressure gauge, a pipeline, a valve and the like. The test conditions were: the test flow is 200L/h, the test temperature is 20 ℃, the dust concentration of the prepared raw material liquid is 50ppm, and the test filter cores of the same type but different pore diameters (D =1.15, 3.01, 4.01, 7.23, 11, 12.46, 12.89, 15.66, 25.38 and 33.94 μm) are all phi 60 x 130mm in size.
The series of values of the number M of particles with precision of 2 μ M, 5 μ M, 10 μ M, 15 μ M and 20 μ M in the raw material liquid before the filtration test and the series of values of the number N of particles with precision of 2 μ M, 5 μ M, 10 μ M, 15 μ M and 20 μ M in the filtered liquid in the raw material liquid after the filtration test were actually detected by a particle counter, respectively, and part of the test data are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 data on particle number of each precision in the feed solution before and after the filtration test experiment
| Filtration accuracy, |
2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| Number of particles before filtration M | 401831 | 75178 | 9332 | 1916 | 419 |
| Number of particles N after filtration | 15806 | 503 | 41 | 9 | 2 |
The measured data M series values and N series values were used to calculate the filtration ratios β = M/N and the filtration efficiencies η =1-1/β values of the detection filter material for each precision particle of 2 μ M, 5 μ M, 10 μ M, 15 μ M, 20 μ M, and the like, respectively, and part of the calculation results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 partial data of the results of filtering effect calculation of each precision particle in filtering test
| Filtration accuracy, |
2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| Filtration ratio beta | 25.42 | 149.61 | 228.45 | 216.5 | 226.5 |
| The filtration efficiency eta% | 96.07 | 99.33 | 99.56 | 99.54 | 99.56 |
According to the above-described measurement and calculation method of the filtration efficiency η, Y values (that is, Y = D/X is set) corresponding to different filtration accuracies (X >1 μm) at specified filtration efficiencies of 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% and 99% of the filter medium are measured and calculated, that is, a ratio Y value of the X value of the different filtration accuracies to the corresponding pore diameter D value at the specified filtration efficiency η is calculated, and partial data are listed in the following table 3.
TABLE 3X (filtration accuracy) and Y (pore diameter D/filtration accuracy X) at different filtration efficiencies η
Based on the data in table 3, the corresponding X-Y relationship curve under the selected filtering efficiency η condition is drawn according to the X value and the calculated Y value, as shown in fig. 1.
A cubic spline interpolation method is adopted, regression processing is carried out on the curve based on an X value and a corresponding Y value under the condition that eta =95% in the curve, and a fitting equation of Y = -2.8702E-3X3+9.2726E-2X2-0.9765X +5.5276 is obtained, namely the curve relation between different filtering precisions X and the set Y value of the filter material in an actually measured range (X > 1)). Meanwhile, based on the recognition that the physical law followed by the filtering process in the interval (X is less than or equal to 1) which is difficult to be actually measured does not change, the corresponding X and Y values of the filter material still satisfy the curve relation under the range of X is less than or equal to 1 mu m.
Based on the curve equation, taking X =0.5 μm, it can be calculated that the Y value =5.06 corresponding to X =0.5 μm, and when X =0.5 μm is calculated according to the set Y = D/X, the corresponding theoretical aperture value should be D Theory of the invention In other words, only a filter having a pore diameter D of 2.53 μm or less can satisfy the filter accuracy of X =0.5 μm, and the filter efficiency can be 95%, and a filter having a pore diameter larger than the above-mentioned pore diameter data cannot achieve the above-mentioned filter efficiency. However, since the actual pore diameter of the filter element of this example is 7.23 μm, which is larger than the theoretical control value, it is considered that the filter element does not satisfy the requirement of filtration performance.
Example 2
For another test filter of the same type as in example 1, a pore size test was usedThe aperture of the device is measured by the instrument to be D Measured actually =1.15 μm, and it is required to judge whether or not the filtration efficiency can reach 99% at a filtration accuracy of 0.5 μm.
Using the same experimental conditions as in example 1, the fitting equation at 99% filtration efficiency is obtained as Y = -2.5195E-3x3+7.7665e-2X2-0.7251x +3.5547, and taking X =0.5, Y =3.21 is calculated.
From Y = D/X, the theoretical pore diameter D can be obtained Theory of the invention =1.61 μm, and is larger than the measured aperture by 1.15 μm, therefore, the filter material is judged to meet the requirements.
Meanwhile, the rationality of the filter material selection can be evaluated, and the aperture D is actually measured Measured in fact =1.15 μm far smaller than the theoretical pore diameter D Theory of the invention =1.61 μm, and therefore, the evaluation of this selection is too rigorous. Since the filter material with smaller pore diameter has higher cost, the pore diameter is selected to be as close as possible to the theoretical pore diameter D Theory of the invention The filter material is more reasonable.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron-grade liquid-solid separation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Testing the filtering precision X, the filtering efficiency eta and the filtering material aperture D of particles with the particle size of more than 1 mu m on the selected filtering material by using a detection method in the prior art so as to obtain corresponding numerical values of the filtering efficiency eta, the aperture D and the filtering precision X of the selected filtering material;
the step of calculating the filtering efficiency eta comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing test dust into purified water to prepare a raw material liquid, performing a plurality of filtration tests on a selected filter material by using a filtration performance test device, and actually detecting the number M of particles with the precision larger than 1 mu M under the filtration precision X in the raw material liquid before filtration and the number N of particles with the precision larger than 1 mu M under the filtration precision X in the raw material liquid after filtration by using a particle counter;
performing mathematical analysis by using the measured data M and N, and calculating to obtain the filtration ratio beta = M/N and the filtration efficiency eta = 1-1/beta of the selected filter material under different filtration precisions X larger than 1 μ M;
(2) Setting a parameter Y = D/X, and calculating ratio data Y values of different filtering precision X values and corresponding aperture D values under the reference of the selected filtering efficiency eta when X is larger than 1 mu m so as to obtain a plurality of groups of different X values and corresponding Y value data;
(3) Fitting a regression equation by respectively taking the obtained Y value as a vertical coordinate and the obtained X value as a horizontal coordinate, and obtaining an X-Y relation curve equation of the selected filter material under the selected filter efficiency eta through fitting;
the step of fitting the regression equation adopts a cubic spline interpolation method, and a fitting equation Y = aX is obtained 3 +bX 2 + cX + d, wherein X>1；
(4) Extending the obtained fitting equation to a submicron interval, namely setting X to be less than or equal to 1 mu m, so as to obtain a Y value corresponding to the filtering precision X in the submicron interval through calculation, and further calculating to obtain a theoretical filtering precision X value corresponding to the submicron interval according to the set Y = D/X relation;
(5) And evaluating the filtering performance of the submicron-level liquid-solid separation system according to the X, Y and eta values obtained by the calculation.
2. The method for assessing filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron liquid-solid separation system according to claim 1, wherein the selected test filtration accuracy X values comprise 2 μ ι η, 5 μ ι η, 10 μ ι η, 15 μ ι η, and 20 μ ι η.
3. The method for evaluating the filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron-sized liquid-solid separation system according to claim 2, wherein the selected filtration efficiency calculated in the step (1) comprises 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%.
4. The method for evaluating the filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron-sized liquid-solid separation system according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the value of the pore size D of the selected filter medium is measured by a pore size measuring instrument.
5. The method for evaluating the filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron liquid-solid separation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein in the step (5), the evaluation of the filtration performance comprises a filtration efficiency evaluation and/or a filtration accuracy evaluation.
6. The method for evaluating the filtration precision and efficiency of a submicron liquid-solid separation system according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation of the filtration performance comprises calculating the submicron filtration precision X of the known filter material at X ≤ 1 μm if the actual pore diameter D and the filtration efficiency η of the filter material are known, and evaluating whether the requirement can be met.
7. The method for evaluating the filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron liquid-solid separation system according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation of the filtration performance comprises calculating the theoretical pore size D of a filter to be selected and evaluating the rationality of the filter type if the filtration efficiency η and the submicron filtration accuracy X of a given filter are less than or equal to 1 μm.
8. A method for evaluating the filtration accuracy and efficiency of a submicron liquid-solid separation system according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation of the filtration performance comprises evaluating whether the filtration efficiency η of the known filter material reaches a specified requirement if the pore size D of the filter material and the submicron filtration accuracy X of X is less than or equal to 1 μm.
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