CN111548456A - 一种赋予聚乳酸水诱导形状记忆的聚合物 - Google Patents
一种赋予聚乳酸水诱导形状记忆的聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种赋予聚乳酸(PLA)水诱导形状记忆的嵌段聚合物。该嵌段聚合物主链由羟基封端的乙烯基聚硅氧烷(PMVS)嵌段、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)嵌段以及聚己内酯(PCL)嵌段组成,侧链为聚丙烯酸(PAA)。其中,PMVS嵌段除主链聚硅氧烷柔韧性好外,活性双键侧基引发丙烯酸(AA)聚合得到PAA侧链,并且PAA链段的极性羧基可以很大程度上提高PLA的亲水性。PTMG嵌段不仅可以提高PLA的韧性,而且其低玻璃化转变温度可以在低温下实现融化与重结晶过程。PCL嵌段可以改善嵌段共聚物与PLA的相容性。该嵌段聚合物(PCL‑PTMG‑PCL‑(PMVS‑s‑PAA)‑PCL‑PTMG‑PCL)制备过程简单,不但较低温度下(20‑50℃)即可实现融化与重结晶,而且具有超强吸水性,能够赋予PLA水诱导形状记忆效应,且形状记忆恢复时间短,恢复效果好。同时,提高PLA的韧性与亲水性并且极大限度地降低其加工温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子形状记忆领域,特别涉及一种以PMVS柔性嵌段、PTMG软嵌段和PCL增容嵌段为主链,以及亲水PAA链段为侧基的嵌段聚合物,该聚合物与PLA共混复合材料具备水诱导形状记忆功能。
背景技术
具有一定形状的固体材料,在某种外界条件刺激下发生塑性形变,在经过特定环境刺激,材料又完全恢复到变形前形状的现象被称为形状记忆效应。根据实现记忆功能的环境条件不同,可分为感温型、感水型、感光型和感酸碱型等多种记忆材料,目前应用研究最多的是热致形状记忆和水诱导形状记忆高分子材料。
PLA是一种理想的绿色高分子材料,呈塑料状态,玻璃化转变温度高,加工温度高,脆性高,亲水性差,在使用过程中容易出现裂纹而不能重复利用。目前对PLA水诱导形状记忆研究特别少,大多数都是通过共混改性,存在相容性差的缺陷,极易引起相分离,并且很少涉及亲水改性与形状记忆功能兼顾。
发明内容
为了克服上述现存的技术缺陷,本发明提供了一种赋予PLA水诱导形状记忆的聚合物,恢复条件简单,恢复时间短,恢复效率高,同时可以有效提高PLA的韧性与亲水性。
本发明的技术方案:合成一种以PMVS柔性嵌段,PTMG(T g = -76℃)软嵌段和PCL(T g =-60℃)增容嵌段为主链,以亲水PAA为侧链的聚合物,共混PLA(T g = 62℃)。因为合成的聚合物具有良好的吸水性,并且与PLA的T g 相差较多,从而通过在水环境中吸水以及热辅助实现PLA的形状记忆。
所述的嵌段聚合物,其分子主链上PMVS柔性嵌段结构如下:
所述的嵌段聚合物,其分子主链上的PCL增容嵌段的结构如下:
所述的嵌段聚合物,其分子主链上的PTMG软嵌段的结构如下:
所述的嵌段聚合物,其分子侧基上的PAA亲水链段的结构如下:
附图说明
图1为嵌段聚合物的核磁共振氢谱图。
如图1所示,核磁谱图中,0~0.4ppm之间为PMVS中-Si-CH3氢的化学位移,1.4ppm、1.6~1.7ppm、2.4ppm、3.5ppm、4.1ppm均为PCL和PTMG中-CH2-中氢的化学位移,6 ppm左右乙烯基上氢的化学位移消失说明PMVS的双键侧基已经引发AA聚合。采用1H-NMR表征的结果说明一种以PMVS柔性嵌段、PTMG软嵌段和PCL增容嵌段为主链,以亲水PAA为侧链段的嵌段聚合物已经合成。
图2为本发明制备的嵌段聚合物和PLA共混薄膜形状记忆的过程。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1:
称重适量PTMG放置于配有磁力搅拌棒的安瓿瓶中,抽真空通氮气,将催化剂辛酸亚锡甲苯溶液通过注射器加入瓶中,再加入己内酯单体,一定量甲苯溶剂65℃下搅拌45min后升温到120℃反应24h。产物通过石油醚沉降,40℃真空干燥12h。将所得产物PCL-PTMG-PCL与一定量PMVS放置于氮气吹扫的容器中,加入甲苯溶剂,搅拌至溶解再加入一定量六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与二月桂酸二丁基锡95℃反应1.5h,产物通过石油醚沉降,真空干燥。将所得产物置于三口烧瓶中,通氮气,四氢呋喃做溶剂,偶氮二异丁氰做催化剂,温度控制65℃,通过滴定漏斗滴加AA,反应5h,获得产物沉降并干燥。
将PLLA、PCL-PTMG-PCL-(PMVS-s-PAA)-PCL-PTMG-PCL按质量比1:1加入三氯甲烷溶剂当中,其中PLLA和PCL-PTMG-PCL-(PMVS-s-PAA)
-PCL-PTMG-PCL的浓度为29wt%,室温搅拌过夜。将搅拌过夜的溶液倒到玻璃板上,让溶液在玻璃板上自由流延。在常温(20℃左右)和常压自然挥发2h,待膜在空气中固化后,随后将样条加工成型,2天后形状固定,然后25℃抽真空干燥备用。
将加工成型的薄膜,放置于常温水中一段时间,随后将其固定临时形状,并吸干水分。放置于温水中,迅速恢复初始形状,说明PCL-PTMG-PCL
-(PMVS-s-PAA)-PCL-PTMG-PCL可以赋予PLLA水诱导形状记忆功能。
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