CN111541544B - 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法 - Google Patents

一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111541544B
CN111541544B CN202010200419.7A CN202010200419A CN111541544B CN 111541544 B CN111541544 B CN 111541544B CN 202010200419 A CN202010200419 A CN 202010200419A CN 111541544 B CN111541544 B CN 111541544B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
alice
bob
charlie
signature
key
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202010200419.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN111541544A (zh
Inventor
张春辉
王琴
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Original Assignee
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications filed Critical Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Priority to CN202010200419.7A priority Critical patent/CN111541544B/zh
Publication of CN111541544A publication Critical patent/CN111541544A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111541544B publication Critical patent/CN111541544B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，在量子数字签名的密钥分发阶段，利用双场密钥生成协议（TF‑KGP，Twin‑Field KGP）来完成密钥的生成和分发，用户将量子态发送给一个专门的测量方进行测量，且无需要求测量方的可信性。从安全性角度看，本发明由于使用了TF‑KGP，拥有测量设备无关的性质，可以抵御针对测量设备的侧信道攻击，提升了量子数字签名系统的安全性；从实用性角度看，在相同的参数条件下，本发明可以用于签名的密钥数量大幅增加，因而提升了签名的安全传输距离和远距离处的签名率，提高了量子数字签名系统的的实用性能。

Description

一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法
技术领域
本发明涉及量子信息技术、网络信息安全技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法。
背景技术
数字签名是最重要的密码协议之一，在验证诸如金融交易和电子合同等数字文件的真实性和完整性方面有着广泛的应用。当前的数字签名(以下简称经典数字签名)只能提供基于计算复杂度的安全性。例如，RSA算法的安全性依赖于大数因子分解问题，而椭圆曲线算法则依赖于离散对数的计算难度。但是，随着数学算法的发展和量子计算机的出现，这些经典数字签名算法最终都将被破解。
量子数字签名(QDS，Quantum Digital Signature)的安全性则是基于量子力学定律，能够提供信息论层面上的安全性。自2001年第一个QDS协议提出以来，科研人员已经消除了许多实际应用的障碍，例如量子存储，安全的量子通道等。同时，科研人员提出可以使用量子密钥分发协议作为QDS中的密钥生成协议(KGP，Key Generation Protocol)，降低了QDS的实验实现难度。此外，测量设备关的量子数字签名(MDI-QDS，Measurement-Device-Independent QDS)协议能够免疫任何针对测量设备的侧信道攻击。然而，现有的QDS协议难以同时兼顾安全性和实用性，分别存在一定的局限性。例如，BB84型QDS(BB84-QDS)协议虽然具有较高的签名率，但是不能抵御针对测量端的侧信道攻击，安全性较低；MDI-QDS协议则与之相反，具有较高的安全性，但签名率十分有限。最重要的是，这两类QDS协议中的KGP均不能打破在不使用量子中继器时密钥生成率和距离之间的线性界，这是由信道容量所决定的上限。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，在量子数字签名的密钥分发阶段，利用双场密钥生成协议(TF-KGP，Twin-Field KGP)来完成密钥的生成和分发，用户将量子态发送给一个专门的测量方进行测量，且无需要求测量方的可信性。由于使用了TF-KGP，拥有测量设备无关的安全性，可以抵御针对测量设备的侧信道攻击；此外相比BB84-QDS和MDI-QDS，本发明大大提升了签名的传输距离和远距离处的签名率。
本发明提供一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，所述方法采用双场协议进行密钥生成和签名，应用于量子数字签名(QDS)传输系统中，所述方法包括密钥分发阶段和信息阶段，具有用户方Alice、Bob、Charlie和测量方Eve，在密钥分发阶段，Alice、Bob、Charlie是量子态的发送方，Eve是量子态的接收测量方；密钥分发阶段包括以下三个步骤：
步骤一：Alice和Bob、Alice和Charlie分别将量子态发送给Eve进行测量，并使用双场密钥生成协议进行原始密钥的生成，然后从各自所持有的原始密钥中随机选取部分比特用于检测信道传输时的误码率，剩下的比特作为密钥池用于签名所需；定义原始密钥、误码率检测和密钥池的长度分别为nZ、ntest和npool；记Alice、Eve和Bob之间构成的量子信道为Alice-Bob，Alice、Eve和Charlie之间的构成量子信道为Alice-Charlie，并定义Alice-Bob的误码率为
Figure GDA0004076260660000031
Alice-Charlie的误码率为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000032
步骤二：签名消息m，这里m＝0或1，Alice和Bob，或Alice和Charlie，分别从自己的密钥池中选取长度为L的比特串，记Alice和Bob选取的比特串分别为
Figure GDA0004076260660000033
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000034
Alice和Charlie选取的比特串分别为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000035
和/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000319
；
步骤三：Bob和Charlie分别从
Figure GDA0004076260660000036
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000037
随机选取一半保留，将另一半比特及比特位置信息通过两者之间的安全私密信道进行交换；记Bob保留的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000038
发送给Charlie的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000039
记Charlie保留的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000310
发送给Bob的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000311
交换后，Bob的密钥串为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000312
Charlie的密钥串为
Figure GDA00040762606600000313
在信息阶段，Alice作为签名者，Bob和Charlie作为验证方，即接收签名者；信息阶段包括以下四个步骤：
步骤四：Alice将签名信息(m，Sigm)发送给Bob，其中Sigm表示对消息m的签名，
Figure GDA00040762606600000314
步骤五：Bob将接收到的签名(m，Sigm)与
Figure GDA00040762606600000315
比对，如果/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000316
中的/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000317
分别与签名中/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000318
相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于saL/2，Bob接受这一签名并进行下一步，否则拒绝签名并终止协议流程；其中，/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000041
Figure GDA0004076260660000042
是密钥串/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000043
的误码率上限，Pe为存在窃听者的情况下在密钥生成过程中引入误差的最小速率Pe；
步骤六：Bob将签名信息(m，Sigm)发送给Charlie；
步骤七：Charlie将接收到的签名信息(m，Sigm)与
Figure GDA0004076260660000044
进行比对，如果/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000045
中
Figure GDA0004076260660000046
分别与签名中/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000047
相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于svL/2，Charlie则接受这个签名，否则拒绝这个签名；其中，/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000048
sv＞sa。
进一步改进在于：在存在窃听者Eve的情况下，密钥串
Figure GDA0004076260660000049
中的最小熵为：
Figure GDA00040762606600000410
其中，/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000411
和H2均为二元香农熵函数，满足：H(x)＝-x log2(x)-(1-x)log2(1-x)；∈是用于参数估计的失败概率，E表示窃听者Eve，而n L,1和
Figure GDA00040762606600000412
分别为密钥串/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000413
中单光子计数的下界和单光子误码率的上界，其中U为B或C，代表用户Bob或Charlie。
进一步改进在于：当存在窃听者Eve时，Eve在密钥生成过程对密钥串
Figure GDA00040762606600000414
中引入误码的最小速率Pe为：/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000415
/>
进一步改进在于：所述密钥分发阶段分别由Alice和Bob、Alice和Charlie使用TF-KGP产生比特串，其中Alice和Bob或Alice和Charlie分别向测量方Eve发送量子态，Eve对接收到的量子态进行测量。
本发明的有益效果：相比以往的QDS方案，本发明方案在密钥分发阶段采用双场密钥生成协议，由于双场密钥生成协议可以打破以往的密钥率和距离之间的线性界，使得在满足给定安全性的条件下能够用于签名的密钥大大增加，提升了量子数字签名的签名率和传输距离；本发明具有测量设备无关的性质，可以抵御针对测量设备的攻击，因而保证了量子数字签名系统的高安全性。仿真结果表明其在各方面都具有良好的表现。
附图说明
图1是本发明的方案图。
图2是本发明的中密钥池大小、半比特签名长度和签名比特数随距离变化图。
图3是本发明与其他方案签名率的对比图。
图4是本发明不同安全性下签名率与本地误码率之间的关系图。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。下面以一种特定的TF-KGP为例，即发送与否双场密钥生成协议(SNS TF-KGP，Sending-or-Not-Sending TF-KGP)，来介绍本发明方案。同时需要强调，TF-QDS方法适用于不同类型的TF-KGP协议，不仅仅限定于SNS TF-KGP协议。
下面将详细介绍TF-QDS协议的内容：
分发阶段：在分发阶段，Alice、Bob、Charlie是量子态的发送方，Eve是量子态的接收测量方，分发阶段包括步骤：
(1)Alice-Bob/Alice-Charlie分别产生N个脉冲，并使用强度调制器和相位调制器对脉冲进行编码，然后发送给Eve；在编码过程中，分别以1-pZ和pZ的概率随机选择诱骗态窗口和信号态窗口对脉冲进行编码，两种窗口分别记为X窗口和Z窗口；在X窗口下，Alice和Bob每边以px的概率随机制备发送一个强度为x、相位θ的相干态，其中x∈{0,w,v}，x∈[0,2π]，在Z窗口下，以ps的概率发送强度为u的信号态，不发送的概率是1-ps；以Alice和Bob为例，其分别制备的相干态可以表征为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000061
其中n为脉冲中的光子数，xA和xB分别为Alice和Bob使用的强度，θA和θB分别为Alice和Bob制备的相位；
(2)Eve使用一个分束器和两个探测器对接收到的脉冲对进行投影测量，并公开公布探测结果，如果两个探测器中仅有一个响应，则记录为成功响应事件；两个探测器分别记为D0,D1；
(3)Alice-Bob/Alice-Charlie公开宣布他们对于每个脉冲所用的窗口类型，仅保留对他们来说成功的测量结果，成功的测量结果是他们使用相同类型窗口时，即都使用X窗口或Z窗口，Eve的成功响应事件；如果他们都使用X窗口，则需要公布每个脉冲的相位和诱骗态强度；此外，还需要后选择出X窗口下的有效测量结果，定义为(以Alice-Bob为例)：Alice和Bob都使用了X窗口、相同的强度以及相位满足以下条件的成功响应事件：
Figure GDA0004076260660000062
其中，ψAB为Alice到Eve信道与Bob到Eve信道之间的整体相位差，它导致了本地误码ed，k＝0或1代表Alice和Bob的相位同相或反相，
Figure GDA0004076260660000071
表示预设的相位片大小，M为相位片的数目；
(4)Alice-Bob/Alice-Charlie利用Z窗口下的数据生成原始密钥，生成规则如下(以Alice和Bob为例)：对于Z窗口下的成功测量结果，如果Alice发送了信号态则记为1，没有发送则记为0，Bob反之；利用X窗口下的数据估计信道参数，X窗口下有效测量结果中正确和错误的响应事件为：对于X窗口下的有效测量结果，正确的响应事件为k＝0时探测器D0响应或k＝1时探测器D1响应，错误的响应事件为k＝0时探测器D1响应或k＝1时探测器D0响应；此外，他们随机牺牲Z窗口下比例为rET的比特进行误码率检测，剩下的比特作为签名的密钥池；原始密钥、误码率检测和密钥池的长度分别为nZ、ntest和npool，Alice-Bob的误码率为
Figure GDA0004076260660000072
Alice-Charlie的误码率为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000073
(5)为签名消息m(m＝0或1)，Alice和Bob、Alice和Charlie分别从自己的密钥池中选取长度为L的比特串；记Alice和Bob选取的比特串分别为
Figure GDA0004076260660000074
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000075
Alice和Charlie选取的比特串为/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000076
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000077
(6)Bob和Charlie分别从
Figure GDA0004076260660000078
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000079
随机选取一半保留，将另一半比特及比特位置信息通过两者之间的安全私密信道进行交换；记Bob保留的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000710
发送给Charlie的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000711
记Charlie保留的比特信息为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000712
发送给Bob的比特信息为
Figure GDA00040762606600000713
交换后，Bob的密钥串为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000714
Charlie的密钥串为
Figure GDA00040762606600000715
信息阶段：在信息阶段，Alice作为签名者，Bob和Charlie作为验证方，信息阶段包括步骤：
(7)Alice将签名信息(m，Sigm)发送给Bob，其中Sigm表示对消息m的签名，
Figure GDA0004076260660000081
(8)Bob将接收到的签名(m，Sigm)与
Figure GDA0004076260660000082
比对，如果/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000083
分别与/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000084
中相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于saL/2，Bob接受这一签名并进行下一步，否则拒绝签名并终止协议流程；其中，/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000085
Figure GDA0004076260660000086
是密钥串/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000087
的误码率上限，Pe为存在窃听者的情况下在密钥生成过程中引入误差的最小速率Pe；
(9)Bob将(m，Sigm)发送给Charlie；
(10)Charlie将接收到的签名信息(m，Sigm)与SmC进行比对，如果
Figure GDA0004076260660000088
分别与/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000089
中相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于svL/2，Charlie则接受这个签名，否则拒绝这个签名；其中，/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000810
sv＞sa。
定义Pab为X窗口下进行TF-KGP的双方分别发送强度为a和b的概率，
Figure GDA00040762606600000811
为X窗口下有效事件的发送概率，其中a,b∈{0,w,v}。两个概率可以表征为：
Figure GDA00040762606600000812
其对应发送的脉冲数分别为Nab＝PabN,
Figure GDA00040762606600000813
类似地，进行TF-KGP的双方都选择Z窗口的脉冲数为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000814
定义nZ为TF-KGP过程中测量所得到的Z窗口下的计数，即原始密钥的数量，其大小可以表征为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000091
其中，
Figure GDA0004076260660000092
是信道的穿透率，ηd为探测器的探测效率，α为信道的损耗系数；θAU＝θA-θU为TF-KGP双方制备相位的相位差。定义nab为TF-KGP双方在X窗口下强度组合为a和b时的计数，用来估计单光子计数所需的强度组合为{00,0w,w0,0v,v0}，它们的计数可以表征为：
n00＝2Pdc(1-Pdc)N00, (5)
n0w＝nw0＝2[(1-Pdc)eηw/2-(1-Pdc)2e-ηw]N0w, (6)
n0v＝nv0＝2[(1-Pdc)eηv/2-(1-Pdc)2e-ηv]N0v, (7)
其中，Pdc为探测器的暗计数率。此外，定义maa为X基窗口下错误的响应事件数，即误码计数，用来估计单光子的误码率，可以表征为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000093
利用公式(5-8)中的计数值，我们可以估计出X窗口下的单光子计数的下界和单光子误码计数分别为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000094
/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000095
其中，τX,1为发送时X窗口下所有单光子成分的概率，可以表征为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000096
Figure GDA0004076260660000097
和/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000098
分别为nab考虑了统计起伏后的上界和下界，/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000099
和/>
Figure GDA00040762606600000910
分别为maa考虑了统计起伏后的上界和下界。例如，对于变量χ，使用Hoeffding不等式考虑统计起伏后的上下界为：
χ+＝χ+δ(χ,∈SF),χ-＝χ-δ(χ,∈SF), (12)
Figure GDA0004076260660000101
其中∈SF为某一观测量考虑统计起伏时的失败概率。
利用X窗口下的单光子计数的下界n X,1和单光子误码计数的上界
Figure GDA0004076260660000102
通过使用Serfling不等式可以估计出Z窗口下原始密钥中单光子计数的下界和单光子误码计数的上界，估计关系为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000103
Figure GDA0004076260660000104
其中
Figure GDA0004076260660000105
N Z,1为发送端Z窗口下单光子数目的下界，/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000106
为发送端X窗口下单光子数目的上界，它们可以表征为：
N Z,1＝2ps(1-ps)ue-uNZ-δ(NZ,∈SF), (16)
Figure GDA0004076260660000107
公式(14-15)的失败概率都为∈SF，根据这两公式可以得到Z窗口下的单光子误码率为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000108
由于原始密钥中单光子计数的下界和单光子误码率的上界分别为n Z,1和
Figure GDA0004076260660000109
通过使用Serfling不等式可以估计出密钥串/>
Figure GDA00040762606600001010
中单光子计数的下界和单光子误码率的上界，估计关系为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000111
Figure GDA0004076260660000112
其中
Figure GDA0004076260660000113
/>
根据公式(19-20)估计出的单光子计数下界和单光子误码率上界，可以得到存在窃听者Eve的情况下，密钥串
Figure GDA0004076260660000114
中的最小熵为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000115
其中，
Figure GDA0004076260660000116
和H2均为二元香农熵函数，满足：H(x)＝-x log2(x)-(1-x)log2(1-x)；∈是用于参数估计的失败概率，E表示窃听者Eve。Eve在TF-KGP过程对密钥串/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000117
中引入误码的最小速率Pe为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000118
针对TF-QDS的安全性分析，本发明方案综合考虑了鲁棒性概率、伪造概率和抵赖概率。鲁棒性概率是衡量系统正常运行时协议的失败概率，它主要由检测的误码率来估计密钥串
Figure GDA0004076260660000119
中误码率的失败引起的，估计关系为：
Figure GDA00040762606600001110
估计的失败概率为∈PE，Alice-Bob和Alice-Charlie两个TF-KGP过程中
Figure GDA00040762606600001111
的误码率上界为/>
Figure GDA00040762606600001112
因此，TF-QDS的鲁棒性概率为：
P(Robust)≤2∈PE。 (24)
抵赖概率是衡量Alice的签名被Bob接受但被Charlie拒绝的概率。为了抵赖，Alice需要使得她所发的签名(m，Sigm)与
Figure GDA0004076260660000121
两部分的不匹配率低于sa，而与/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000122
两部分的不匹配率高于sv。因此，抵赖概率为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000123
其中
Figure GDA0004076260660000124
伪造概率是衡量Bob伪造Alice的签名可被Charlie接受的概率。为了伪造签名，Bob需要使得他伪造的签名(m，Sigm)与/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000125
中/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000126
的不匹配率低于sv。因此伪造概率包含了Bob猜测/>
Figure GDA0004076260660000127
所有过程的失败概率：
Figure GDA0004076260660000128
g和∈F与Bob伪造签名的错误率小于sv的概率相关，g为预设的常数概率，∈F定义为：
Figure GDA0004076260660000129
Figure GDA00040762606600001210
和/>
Figure GDA00040762606600001211
分别为估计参数n L,1和/>
Figure GDA00040762606600001212
的失败概率。综上，协议的安全性需满足
ε≥max{P(Robust),P(Repudiation),P(Forge)}。 (28)
为衡量TF-QDS协议的性能，定义协议的签名比特数目nbits和签名率R分别为：
Figure GDA00040762606600001213
Figure GDA00040762606600001214
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体仿真结果，并参照附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明方案仿真中相位片个数M＝16，其他所用的系统参数如表I所示：α为量子信道的损耗系数；ηd和Pdc分别为探测器的探测效率和暗计数率；ed为光学系统的本底误码率；rET为原始密钥中选择进行误码率检测的比例；∈PE和∈SF分别为误码率估计的失败概率和统计起伏估计的失败概率；g为与伪造相关的概率。此外在给定的安全性大小下，对TF-QDS的签名率进行了全参数优化，优化的参数包括：诱骗态的强度{w，v}和相应的选择概率{pw，pv}、Z窗口的选择概率pZ、信号态的强度u和发送概率ps。
表I
α ηd Pdc ed rET ∈PE ∈SF g
0.2dB/km 50％ 10-7 0.03 5.5％ 10-12 10-12 10-12
附图2首先展示了在脉冲数为N＝1013、安全性为ε＝10-5时，TF-QDS中密钥池大小npool、签名半比特所需长度L和签名比特数nbits随传输距离的变化趋势。从图中可以看出，在大于250km时，签名半比特所需的长度随距离的增大急剧增加，同时所能签名的比特数急剧减少。这表明在远距离处，有限长效应的影响快速增大，需要更长的密钥量来安全地签名半比特。
附图3展示了在脉冲数为N＝1013或N＝1015、安全性为ε＝10-5时，TF-QDS与其他两种代表性方案的签名率对比图。这两种方案分别为BB84-QDS和MDI-QDS，BB84-QDS来自文献[R.Amiri,P.Wallden,A.Kent,and E.Andersson,Secure quantum signatures usinginsecure quantum channels,Phys.Rev.A 93,032325(2016)]，MDI-QDS来自文献[I.V.Puthoor,R.Amiri,P.Wallden,M.Curty,and E.Andersson,Measurement-device-independent quantum digital signatures,Phys.Rev.A 94,022328(2016)]。为了公平的对比，仿真时对这两种方案的签名率同样使用了表I中的参数，并进行了全参数优化。从图3中可以看出，TF-QDS拥有远超BB84-QDS和MDI-QDS的传输距离以及远距离签名率。BB84-QDS虽然在近距离拥有更高的签名率，但是安全性级别低，不能抵御针对测量设备的侧信道攻击。此外，可以看出TF-QDS受有限长的影响介于BB84-QDS和MDI-QDS之间。
附图4展示了在50km处N＝1013、安全性为ε＝10-5或ε＝10-10时，TF-QDS的签名率随本底误码率变化的趋势。可以看出，在此条件下TF-QDS可以容忍18％的本底误码率，远超BB84-QDS和MDI-QDS的所能承受的本底误码率。此外，更高的安全性水平意味着将会牺牲一定的签名率。
综上，本发明提出了一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，并且使用发送与否双场密钥生成协议作为一种特殊的例子进行了详细介绍。通过具体仿真证明，使用了该方法的QDS系统，能够同时兼顾安全性和实用性，即不仅拥有测量设备无关的安全性等级，而且在安全传输距离和签名效率上比现有QDS协议具有明显提升。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，通过使用不同的双场协议、不同诱骗态方法、不同的有限长效应、不同的光源、不同的实现体系(片上系统，自由空间系统，光纤系统等)等手段，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，其特征在于：所述方法采用双场协议进行密钥生成和签名，应用于量子数字签名(QDS)传输系统中，所述方法包括密钥分发阶段和信息阶段，具有用户方Alice、Bob、Charlie和测量方Eve，在密钥分发阶段，Alice、Bob、Charlie是量子态的发送方，Eve是量子态的接收测量方；密钥分发阶段包括以下三个步骤：
步骤一：Alice和Bob、Alice和Charlie分别将量子态发送给Eve进行测量，并使用双场密钥生成协议进行原始密钥的生成，然后从各自所持有的原始密钥中随机选取部分比特用于检测信道传输时的误码率，剩下的比特作为密钥池用于签名所需；定义原始密钥、误码率检测和密钥池的长度分别为nZ、ntest和npool；记Alice、Eve和Bob之间构成的量子信道为Alice-Bob，Alice、Eve和Charlie之间的构成量子信道为Alice-Charlie，并定义Alice-Bob的误码率为
Figure FDA0004076260630000011
Alice-Charlie的误码率为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000012
步骤二：签名消息m，这里m＝0或1，Alice和Bob，或Alice和Charlie，分别从自己的密钥池中选取长度为L的比特串，记Alice和Bob选取的比特串分别为
Figure FDA0004076260630000013
和/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000014
Alice和Charlie选取的比特串分别为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000015
和/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000016
步骤三：Bob和Charlie分别从
Figure FDA0004076260630000017
和/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000018
随机选取一半保留，将另一半比特及比特位置信息通过两者之间的安全私密信道进行交换；记Bob保留的比特信息为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000019
发送给Charlie的比特信息为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000021
记Charlie保留的比特信息为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000022
发送给Bob的比特信息为
Figure FDA0004076260630000023
交换后，Bob的密钥串为/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000024
Charlie的密钥串为
Figure FDA0004076260630000025
在信息阶段，Alice作为签名者，Bob和Charlie作为验证方，即接收签名者；信息阶段包括以下四个步骤：
步骤四：Alice将签名信息(m，Sigm)发送给Bob，其中Sigm表示对消息m的签名，
Figure FDA0004076260630000026
步骤五：Bob将接收到的签名(m，Sigm)与
Figure FDA0004076260630000027
比对，如果/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000028
中的/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000029
分别与签名中/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000210
相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于saL/2，Bob接受这一签名并进行下一步，否则拒绝签名并终止协议流程；其中，/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000211
Figure FDA00040762606300000212
是密钥串/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000213
的误码率上限，Pe为存在窃听者的情况下在密钥生成过程中引入误差的最小速率Pe；
步骤六：Bob将签名信息(m，Sigm)发送给Charlie；
步骤七：Charlie将接收到的签名信息(m，Sigm)与
Figure FDA00040762606300000214
进行比对，如果/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000215
中
Figure FDA00040762606300000216
分别与签名中/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000217
相应位置比特的不匹配数目均小于svL/2，Charlie则接受这个签名，否则拒绝这个签名；其中，/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000218
2.如权利要求1所述的一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，其特征在于：在存在窃听者Eve的情况下，密钥串
Figure FDA00040762606300000219
中的最小熵为：/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000220
其中，/>
Figure FDA00040762606300000221
和H2均为二元香农熵函数，满足：H(x)＝-xlog2(x)-(1-x)log2(1-x)；∈是用于参数估计的失败概率，E表示窃听者Eve，而nL,1和/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000031
分别为密钥串/>
Figure FDA0004076260630000032
中单光子计数的下界和单光子误码率的上界，其中U为B或C，代表用户Bob或Charlie。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，其特征在于：当存在窃听者Eve时，Eve在密钥生成过程对密钥串
Figure FDA0004076260630000033
中引入误码的最小速率Pe为：
Figure FDA0004076260630000034
4.如权利要求1所述的一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法，其特征在于：所述密钥分发阶段分别由Alice和Bob、Alice和Charlie使用TF-KGP产生比特串，其中Alice和Bob或Alice和Charlie分别向测量方Eve发送量子态，Eve对接收到的量子态进行测量。
CN202010200419.7A 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法 Active CN111541544B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010200419.7A CN111541544B (zh) 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010200419.7A CN111541544B (zh) 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111541544A CN111541544A (zh) 2020-08-14
CN111541544B true CN111541544B (zh) 2023-06-02

Family

ID=71976742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010200419.7A Active CN111541544B (zh) 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111541544B (zh)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113300838A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-24 西北大学 一种基于离散相位随机源的双场量子数字签名方法
CN113645038B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-07-11 矩阵时光数字科技有限公司 一种测量设备无关的量子数字签名系统及方法
CN113572606B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-08-22 矩阵时光数字科技有限公司 一种基于高斯调制与零差探测的量子数字签名系统及方法
CN114254284B (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-17 南京大学 数字证书生成、身份认证方法及量子ca认证中心与系统
CN114745129B (zh) * 2022-03-31 2023-09-26 南京邮电大学 一种参考系无关量子数字签名方法
CN116208244B (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-08-08 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 基于双场量子干涉的超远距离光纤链路监测方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107395367A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2017-11-24 三峡大学 一种基于量子密钥的群签名系统

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110086614B (zh) * 2019-05-05 2023-03-21 南京邮电大学 一种使用标记单光子源的量子数字签名方法
CN110493010B (zh) * 2019-09-24 2022-03-15 南京邮电大学 基于量子数字签名的邮件系统的邮件收发方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107395367A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2017-11-24 三峡大学 一种基于量子密钥的群签名系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111541544A (zh) 2020-08-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111541544B (zh) 一种基于双场协议的量子数字签名方法
Lysyanskaya Unique signatures and verifiable random functions from the DH-DDH separation
US8661240B2 (en) Joint encryption of data
US11444757B2 (en) Quantum tokens
CN110086614B (zh) 一种使用标记单光子源的量子数字签名方法
CN110493010A (zh) 基于量子数字签名的邮件系统及收发方法
CN111865599B (zh) 一种单诱骗态量子数字签名方法
US9544144B2 (en) Data encryption
Yu-Guang et al. Scalable arbitrated quantum signature of classical messages with multi-signers
Kahrobaei et al. Non-commutative digital signatures
Niemiec et al. The measure of security in quantum cryptography
RU2295199C1 (ru) Способ формирования ключа шифрования/дешифрования
Lai et al. An efficient quantum blind digital signature scheme
CN114745129B (zh) 一种参考系无关量子数字签名方法
CN115001704B (zh) 一种四强度诱骗态量子数字签名方法
Kwon et al. Fast verification of signatures with shared ECQV implicit certificates
Teja et al. Quantum cryptography: state-of-art, challenges and future perspectives
CN115021941A (zh) 一种具有态制备误差容忍功能的量子数字签名方法
CN109039477B (zh) 一种基于无消相干子空间的可容错量子对话方法
Labadze et al. Post-Quantum Digital Signature Scheme with BB84 Protocol.
Di et al. An anti-quantum signature scheme over ideal lattice in Blockchain
Sharifi et al. A simulative comparison of bb84 protocol with its improved version
Zheng et al. Rejection Sampling Revisit: How to Choose Parameters in Lattice‐Based Signature
WO2018127693A1 (en) Future position commitment
Panja et al. A one-way secret key agreement with security against active adversaries

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Zhangjiagang Meimei Intelligent Sensing Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980046621

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231113

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Zhangjiagang Xinliwei Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980046619

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231114

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Erxin Electronic Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980046617

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231113

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING YUANGAN MICROELECTRONIC CO.,LTD.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048124

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231127

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Aiqi Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048488

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Haihe Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048485

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Xiaojiang Jiahu (Nanjing) Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048562

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Xiaosu Accompanying Clinic (Nanjing) Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048561

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Youxin Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048560

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Zhimeng Rehabilitation Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048559

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Qihe Technology (Nanjing) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048558

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231129

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Shuangqing Doctor Group (Hainan) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048557

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231129

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Shuangxin Internet Hospital (Hainan) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048554

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231129

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Xixiayuan (Ningxia) Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048553

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Tongyou Engineering Services Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048552

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing xinwindows Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048550

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Yangbang Enterprise Management Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048549

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Yixuntong Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048547

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Youda Medical Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048545

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Youda Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048541

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Hancai Electronics Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048538

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Hancai Optoelectronic Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048534

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Jianhai Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048527

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Qingyou Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048525

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Shuangzi Zhitong Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048523

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING PENGYUDA INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048517

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Edge Intelligent Security Technology (Zhenjiang) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048515

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Edge Intelligence Research Institute Nanjing Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048511

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Huiyi IoT Technology (Zhenjiang) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048504

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Hongyi Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048500

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231128

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Deloitte (Jiangsu) Education Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049533

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Youqi Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049531

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Tuanyuan Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049522

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing fandilang Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049497

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Dingshan Technology Incubation (Nanjing) Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049483

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Jinxiang Experimental Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049478

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Baoxing Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049437

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Anbo Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049425

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Shihong Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049398

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Self Postal Transfer Technology Transfer Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049391

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Lvran Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049370

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Huijue Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049366

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing jinshuxin Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049360

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Jingliheng Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049351

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Dixin Metrology Testing Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980049330

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231203

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Xinjia Network Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980048653

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231130

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing yist Packaging Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980050260

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231207

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Sundeli Material Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051075

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231209

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Kaishenghui Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051074

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231209

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Liebao Network Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052022

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231212

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Chaoxin Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052021

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231212

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Speed Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051704

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231212

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Zouma Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051703

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231212

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Heyue Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051698

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231212

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Zhongye Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052151

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231215

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Hangzhou Yicui Information Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052106

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231215

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Shuhui Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052024

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231213

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Qinghong Network Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980052023

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231213

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Jianwu Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051905

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231213

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING TIANHUA ZHONGAN COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980051887

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231213

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Nanjing Fanyi Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980053773

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231223

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING HUADONG ELECTRONICS VACUUM MATERIAL Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980053414

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231222

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING DIXIN COORDINATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980053374

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231222

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING CREATCOMM TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980054276

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231227

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: Jiangsu Quanyijia Electronic Commerce Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980054141

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231227

Application publication date: 20200814

Assignee: NANJING YIZHIHENG SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: NANJING University OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Contract record no.: X2023980054071

Denomination of invention: A Quantum Digital Signature Method Based on Dual Field Protocol

Granted publication date: 20230602

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231227